Archeopteryx

@misc{meyer1861archeopteryx10,
    author = "Meyer, H. von",
    title = "Archeopteryx lithographica (Vogel-Feder) und Pterodactylus von Solnhofen",
    year = "1861",
    howpublished = "Neues Jb. Miner. Geol. Palaeont., p. 678- 679",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Meyer, H. von, 1861, Archeopteryx lithographica (Vogel-Feder) und Pterodactylus von Solnhofen: Neues Jb. Miner. Geol. Palaeont., p. 678- 679.}"
}

@misc{wagner1861ueber25,
    author = "Wagner, J. A",
    title = "Ueber ein neues Augenblick mit Vogelfedern versehenes Reptil aus dem Solenhofener lithographischen Schiefer",
    year = "1861",
    howpublished = "Sitzungsberichte bayerische Akademie Wissenschaften, v. 2, p. 146-154",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Wagner, J. A., 1861, Ueber ein neues Augenblick mit Vogelfedern versehenes Reptil aus dem Solenhofener lithographischen Schiefer: Sitzungsberichte bayerische Akademie Wissenschaften, v. 2, p. 146-154.}"
}

The first evidence of a Bird in strata of the Oxfordian or Corallian stage of the Oolitic series was afforded by the impression of a single feather, in a slab of the lithographic calcareous laminated stone, or slate, of Solenhofen; it is described and figured with characteristic minuteness and care by M. Hermann von Meyer, in the fifth part of the ‘Jahrbuch für Mineralogie.’ He applies to this fossil impression the term Archeopteryx lithographica; and although the probability is great that the class of Birds was represented by more than one genus at the period of the deposit of the lithographic slate, and generic identity cannot be predicated from a solitary feather, I shall assume it in the present instance, and retain for the genus, which can now be established on adequate characters, the name originally proposed by the distinguished German palaeontologist. At the Meeting of the Mathematico-Physical Class of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Munich, on the 9th of November, 1861, Professor Andreas Wagner communicated the discovery, in the lithographic slate of Solenhofen, of a considerable portion of the skeleton of an animal with impressions of feathers radiating fanwise from each anterior limb, and diverging obliquely in a single series from each side of a long tail.

@article{owen1863iii,
    author = "Owen, Richard",
    title = "III. On the archeopteryx of von Meyer, with a description of the fossil remains of a long-tailed species, from the lithographic stone of Solenhofen",
    year = "1863",
    journal = "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London",
    abstract = "The first evidence of a Bird in strata of the Oxfordian or Corallian stage of the Oolitic series was afforded by the impression of a single feather, in a slab of the lithographic calcareous laminated stone, or slate, of Solenhofen; it is described and figured with characteristic minuteness and care by M. Hermann von Meyer, in the fifth part of the ‘Jahrbuch für Mineralogie.’ He applies to this fossil impression the term Archeopteryx lithographica; and although the probability is great that the class of Birds was represented by more than one genus at the period of the deposit of the lithographic slate, and generic identity cannot be predicated from a solitary feather, I shall assume it in the present instance, and retain for the genus, which can now be established on adequate characters, the name originally proposed by the distinguished German palaeontologist. At the Meeting of the Mathematico-Physical Class of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Munich, on the 9th of November, 1861, Professor Andreas Wagner communicated the discovery, in the lithographic slate of Solenhofen, of a considerable portion of the skeleton of an animal with impressions of feathers radiating fanwise from each anterior limb, and diverging obliquely in a single series from each side of a long tail.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1863.0003",
    doi = "10.1098/rstl.1863.0003",
    number = "153",
    pages = "33-47"
}

The author details the circumstances connected with the discovery of the fossil remains, with the impressions of feathers, in the Lithographic slates of Solenhofen, of the Oxfordian or Corallian stage of the Oolitic period, and of the acquisition for the British Museum of the specimen which forms the subject of his paper. The exposed parts of the skeleton are,—the lower portion of the furculum; part of the left os innominatum; nineteen caudal vertebræ in a consecutive series; several ribs, or portions of ribs; the two scapulæ, humeri, and antibrachial bones; parts of the carpus and metacarpus, with two unguiculate phalanges, probably belonging to the right wing; both femora and tibiæ, and the bones of the right foot.

@article{owen1863ix,
    author = "Owen, Richard",
    title = "IX. On the fossil remains of a long-tailed bird (Archeopteryx macrurus, Ow.) from the lithographic slate of Solenhofen",
    year = "1863",
    journal = "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London",
    abstract = "The author details the circumstances connected with the discovery of the fossil remains, with the impressions of feathers, in the Lithographic slates of Solenhofen, of the Oxfordian or Corallian stage of the Oolitic period, and of the acquisition for the British Museum of the specimen which forms the subject of his paper. The exposed parts of the skeleton are,—the lower portion of the furculum; part of the left os innominatum; nineteen caudal vertebræ in a consecutive series; several ribs, or portions of ribs; the two scapulæ, humeri, and antibrachial bones; parts of the carpus and metacarpus, with two unguiculate phalanges, probably belonging to the right wing; both femora and tibiæ, and the bones of the right foot.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1862.0060",
    doi = "10.1098/rspl.1862.0060",
    number = "12",
    pages = "271-273"
}

@article{owen1864on16,
    author = "Owen, R",
    title = "On the Archeopteryx of von Meyer, with a description of the fossil remains of a long-tailed species, from the lithographic stone of Solnhofen",
    year = "1864",
    journal = "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London B, v. 153, p. 33-47",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Owen, R., 1864, On the Archeopteryx of von Meyer, with a description of the fossil remains of a long-tailed species, from the lithographic stone of Solnhofen: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London B, v. 153, p. 33-47.}"
}

@article{bartolomäus1914hecht,
    author = "Bartolomäus",
    title = "Hecht.",
    year = "1914",
    journal = "Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1515/mks-1914-110183",
    doi = "10.1515/mks-1914-110183",
    number = "1",
    openalex = "W4312651318",
    pages = "459-463",
    volume = "11"
}

@misc{debeer1954archeopteryx3,
    author = "de Beer, G. R",
    title = "Archeopteryx lithographica, a Study Based upon the British Museum Specimen",
    year = "1954",
    howpublished = "London, British Museum (Natural History)",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {de Beer, G. R., 1954, Archeopteryx lithographica, a Study Based upon the British Museum Specimen: London, British Museum (Natural History).}"
}

@incollection{crossref1970sir,
    title = "Sir Richard Owen (1804–1892): THE ARCHEOPTERYX FROM SOLENHOFEN",
    year = "1970",
    booktitle = "A Source Book in Geology, 1400–1900",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674180666.c69",
    doi = "10.4159/harvard.9780674180666.c69",
    pages = "317-320"
}

@misc{ostrom1970archeopteryx12,
    author = "Ostrom, J. H",
    title = {Archeopteryx, notice of a "new" specimen},
    year = "1970",
    howpublished = "Science, v. 170, p. 537-538",
    note = {talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Ostrom, J. H., 1970, Archeopteryx, notice of a "new" specimen: Science, v. 170, p. 537-538.}}
}

@article{cuffey1972more2,
    author = "Cuffey, R. J",
    title = "More on Archeopteryx",
    year = "1972",
    journal = "Journal of American Scientific Affiliations, v. 24, p. 36",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Cuffey, R. J., 1972, More on Archeopteryx: Journal of American Scientific Affiliations, v. 24, p. 36.}"
}

@article{ostrom1974archeopteryx13,
    author = "Ostrom, J. H",
    title = "Archeopteryx and the origin of flight",
    year = "1974",
    journal = "Quarterly Review of Biology, v. 49, p. 27-47",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Ostrom, J. H., 1974, Archeopteryx and the origin of flight: Quarterly Review of Biology, v. 49, p. 27-47.}"
}

@misc{wellnhofer1974das28,
    author = "Wellnhofer, P",
    title = "Das funfte Skelettexemplar von Archeopteryx",
    year = "1974",
    howpublished = "Palaeontographica Americana, v. 147, no. 4-6; 169-216",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Wellnhofer, P., 1974, Das funfte Skelettexemplar von Archeopteryx: Palaeontographica Americana, v. 147, no. 4-6; 169-216.}"
}

@article{jfc1976archaeopteryx,
    author = "J.F.C.",
    title = "Archaeopteryx and the origin of birds (by J.H. Ostrom)",
    year = "1976",
    journal = "Notornis",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.63172/212216snlbqm",
    doi = "10.63172/212216snlbqm",
    number = "4",
    pages = "364",
    volume = "23"
}

@article{ostrom1976archeopteryx14,
    author = "Ostrom, J. H",
    title = "Archeopteryx and the origin of birds",
    year = "1976",
    journal = "Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 8, p. 91-182",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Ostrom, J. H., 1976, Archeopteryx and the origin of birds: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 8, p. 91-182.}"
}

@misc{olson1979flight11,
    author = "Olson, S. L. and Feduccia, A",
    title = "Flight capability and the pectoral girdle of Archeopteryx",
    year = "1979",
    howpublished = "Nature, v. 278, p. 247-248",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Olson, S. L., and Feduccia, A., 1979, Flight capability and the pectoral girdle of Archeopteryx: Nature, v. 278, p. 247-248.}"
}

@misc{ostrom1979bird15,
    author = "Ostrom, J. H",
    title = "Bird flight",
    year = "1979",
    howpublished = "How did it begin?: American Scientist, v. 67, p. 45-56",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Ostrom, J. H., 1979, Bird flight: How did it begin?: American Scientist, v. 67, p. 45-56.}"
}

@misc{jensen1981another8,
    author = "Jensen, J. A",
    title = "Another look at Archeoperyx as the World's oldest bird",
    year = "1981",
    howpublished = "Encyclia, v. 58, p. 109-128",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Jensen, J. A., 1981, Another look at Archeoperyx as the World's oldest bird: Encyclia, v. 58, p. 109-128.}"
}

@article{tarsitano1982a19,
    author = "Tarsitano, S. and Hecht, M. K",
    title = "A reconsideration of the reptilian relationships of Archeopteryx",
    year = "1982",
    journal = "Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 69, p. 149-182",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Tarsitano, S., and Hecht, M. K., 1982, A reconsideration of the reptilian relationships of Archeopteryx: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 69, p. 149-182.}"
}

@misc{trop1983is22,
    author = "Trop, M",
    title = "Is the Archeopteryx a fake?",
    year = "1983",
    howpublished = "Creation Research Society Quarterly, v. 20, p. 120-121",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Trop, M., 1983, Is the Archeopteryx a fake?: Creation Research Society Quarterly, v. 20, p. 120-121.}"
}

@article{whetstone1983braincase29,
    author = "Whetstone, K. N",
    title = "Braincase of Mesozoic birds",
    year = "1983",
    journal = {1. New preparation of the "London" Archeopteryx: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 2, p. 439- 452},
    note = {talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Whetstone, K. N., 1983, Braincase of Mesozoic birds: 1. New preparation of the "London" Archeopteryx: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 2, p. 439- 452.}}
}

@incollection{howgate1984problems5,
    author = "Howgate, M. E",
    editor = "Hecht, M. K. and Ostrom, J. H. and Viohl, G. and Wellnhofer, P.",
    title = "Problems of the Osteology of Archeopteryx: Is the Eichstatt Specimen a Distinct Genus?",
    year = "1984",
    booktitle = "The Beginnings of Birds",
    publisher = "Eichstatt, Fruende des Jura-Museums, p. 105-112",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Howgate, M. E., 1984, Problems of the Osteology of Archeopteryx: Is the Eichstatt Specimen a Distinct Genus?, in Hecht, M. K., Ostrom, J. H., Viohl, G., and Wellnhofer, P., eds., The Beginnings of Birds: Eichstatt, Fruende des Jura-Museums, p. 105-112.}"
}

@misc{martin1984the9,
    author = "Martin, L. D",
    title = "The Relationship of Archeopteryx to Other Birds, in Hecht, M. K., Ostrom, J. H., Viohl, G., and Wellnhofer, P., eds., The Beginnings of Birds",
    year = "1984",
    howpublished = "Eichstatt, Fruende des Jura-Museums, p. 177-184",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Martin, L. D., 1984, The Relationship of Archeopteryx to Other Birds, in Hecht, M. K., Ostrom, J. H., Viohl, G., and Wellnhofer, P., eds., The Beginnings of Birds: Eichstatt, Fruende des Jura-Museums, p. 177-184.}"
}

@misc{paul1984the17,
    author = "Paul, G. S",
    title = "The hand of Archeopteryx",
    year = "1984",
    howpublished = "Nature, v. 310, p. 372",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Paul, G. S., 1984, The hand of Archeopteryx: Nature, v. 310, p. 372.}"
}

@misc{reitschel1984feathers18,
    author = "Reitschel, S",
    title = "Feathers and Wings of Archeopteryx, and the Question of Her Flight Ability, in Hecht, M. K., Ostrom, J. H., Viohl, G., and Wellnhofer, P., eds., The Beginnings of Birds",
    year = "1984",
    howpublished = "Eichstatt, Fruende des Jura- Museums, p. 249-260",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Reitschel, S., 1984, Feathers and Wings of Archeopteryx, and the Question of Her Flight Ability, in Hecht, M. K., Ostrom, J. H., Viohl, G., and Wellnhofer, P., eds., The Beginnings of Birds: Eichstatt, Fruende des Jura- Museums, p. 249-260.}"
}

@misc{thulborn1984a21,
    author = "Thulborn, R. A. and Hamley, T. L",
    title = "A New Paleoecological Role in Archeopteryx, in Hecht, M. K., Ostrom, J. H., Viohl, G., and Wellnhofer, P., eds., The Beginnings of Birds",
    year = "1984",
    howpublished = "Eichstatt, Fruende des Jura- Museums, p. 81-90",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Thulborn, R. A., and Hamley, T. L., 1984, A New Paleoecological Role in Archeopteryx, in Hecht, M. K., Ostrom, J. H., Viohl, G., and Wellnhofer, P., eds., The Beginnings of Birds: Eichstatt, Fruende des Jura- Museums, p. 81-90.}"
}

@article{thulborn1984the20,
    author = "Thulborn, R. A",
    title = "The avain relationships of Archeopteryx, and the origin of birds",
    year = "1984",
    journal = "Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 82, p. 119- 158",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Thulborn, R. A., 1984, The avain relationships of Archeopteryx, and the origin of birds: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 82, p. 119- 158.}"
}

@misc{viohl1984geology24,
    author = "Viohl, G",
    title = "Geology of the Solnhofen Lithographic Limestones and the Habitat of Archeopteryx, in Hecht, M. K., Ostrom, J. H., Viohl, G., and Wellnhofer, P., eds., The Beginnings of Birds",
    year = "1984",
    howpublished = "Eichstatt, Fruende des Jura-Museums, p. 31-44",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Viohl, G., 1984, Geology of the Solnhofen Lithographic Limestones and the Habitat of Archeopteryx, in Hecht, M. K., Ostrom, J. H., Viohl, G., and Wellnhofer, P., eds., The Beginnings of Birds: Eichstatt, Fruende des Jura-Museums, p. 31-44.}"
}

@misc{walker1984the26,
    author = "Walker, A. D",
    title = "The Braincase of Archeopteryx, in Hecht, M. K., Ostrom, J. H., Viohl, G., and Wellnhofer, P., eds., The Beginnings of Birds",
    year = "1984",
    howpublished = "Eichstatt, Fruende des Jura-Museums, p. 123-134",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Walker, A. D., 1984, The Braincase of Archeopteryx, in Hecht, M. K., Ostrom, J. H., Viohl, G., and Wellnhofer, P., eds., The Beginnings of Birds: Eichstatt, Fruende des Jura-Museums, p. 123-134.}"
}

@misc{yalden1984forelimb30,
    author = "Yalden, D. W",
    title = "Forelimb Function in Archeopteryx, in Hecht, M. K., Ostrom, J. H., Viohl, G., and Wellnhofer, P., eds., The Beginnings of Birds",
    year = "1984",
    howpublished = "Eichstatt, Fruende des Jura-Museums, p. 91-98",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Yalden, D. W., 1984, Forelimb Function in Archeopteryx, in Hecht, M. K., Ostrom, J. H., Viohl, G., and Wellnhofer, P., eds., The Beginnings of Birds: Eichstatt, Fruende des Jura-Museums, p. 91-98.}"
}

@article{howgate1985archeopteryx6,
    author = "Howgate, M. E",
    title = "Archeopteryx counterview",
    year = "1985",
    journal = "British Journal of Photography, v. 132, p. 348",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Howgate, M. E., 1985, Archeopteryx counterview: British Journal of Photography, v. 132, p. 348.}"
}

@article{hoyle1985archeopteryx7,
    author = "Hoyle, F. and Wichramasinghe, N. C. and Watkins, R. S",
    title = "Archeopteryx",
    year = "1985",
    journal = "British Journal of Photography, v. 132, p. 693-694, 703",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hoyle, F., Wichramasinghe, N. C., and Watkins, R. S., 1985, Archeopteryx: British Journal of Photography, v. 132, p. 693-694, 703.}"
}

@misc{vines1985strange23,
    author = "Vines, G",
    title = {Strange case of Archeopteryx "fraud},
    year = "1985",
    howpublished = "New Scientist, p. 3",
    note = {talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Vines, G., 1985, Strange case of Archeopteryx "fraud": New Scientist, p. 3.}}
}

@article{watkins1985archeopteryxa27,
    author = "Watkins, R. S. and Hoyle, F. and Wickramsinghe, N. C. and Watkins, J. and Rabilizirof, R. and Spetner, L. M",
    title = "Archeopteryx--a photographic study",
    year = "1985",
    journal = "British Journal of Photography, v. 132, p. 264-266, 358-359, 367, 469-470",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Watkins, R. S., Hoyle, F., Wickramsinghe, N. C., Watkins, J., Rabilizirof, R., and Spetner, L. M., 1985, Archeopteryx--a photographic study: British Journal of Photography, v. 132, p. 264-266, 358-359, 367, 469-470.}"
}

@misc{charig1986archeopteryx1,
    author = "Charig, A. J. and Greenaway, F. and Milner, A. C. and Walker, C. A. and Whybrow, P. J",
    title = "Archeopteryx is Not a Forgery",
    year = "1986",
    howpublished = "Science, v. 232, p. 622-626",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Charig, A. J., Greenaway, F., Milner, A. C., Walker, C. A., and Whybrow, P. J., 1986, Archeopteryx is Not a Forgery: Science, v. 232, p. 622-626.}"
}

@article{gregor1987the,
    author = "GREGOR, H",
    title = "The beginnings of birds",
    year = "1987",
    journal = "Earth-Science Reviews",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(87)90036-5",
    doi = "10.1016/0012-8252(87)90036-5",
    number = "3",
    pages = "229-229",
    volume = "24"
}

@article{houde1987the,
    author = "Houde, Peter",
    title = "The Beginnings of Birds. Proceedings of the International Archaeopteryx Conference, Eichstätt, 1984. Max K. Hecht, J. H. Ostrom, G. Viohl, P. Wellenhofer",
    year = "1987",
    journal = "The Quarterly Review of Biology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1086/415416",
    doi = "10.1086/415416",
    number = "2",
    pages = "179-179",
    volume = "62"
}

@article{gregor1988the,
    author = "Gregor, Hans-Joachim",
    title = "The beginnings of birds",
    year = "1988",
    journal = "Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(88)90149-6",
    doi = "10.1016/0031-0182(88)90149-6",
    number = "1-2",
    pages = "116",
    volume = "64"
}

@article{crossref1990anthony,
    title = "Anthony Hecht",
    year = "1990",
    journal = "Choice Reviews Online",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-6217",
    doi = "10.5860/choice.27-6217",
    number = "11",
    openalex = "W69868748",
    pages = "27-6217-27-6217",
    volume = "27"
}

@misc{houck1990allometric4,
    author = "Houck, M. A. and Gauthier, J. A. and Strauss, R. E",
    title = "Allometric scaling in the earliest fossil bird, Archeopteryx lithographica",
    year = "1990",
    howpublished = "Science, v. 247, p. 195",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Houck, M. A., Gauthier, J. A., and Strauss, R. E., 1990, Allometric scaling in the earliest fossil bird, Archeopteryx lithographica: Science, v. 247, p. 195.}"
}

Stony Brook University Libraries.\nSBU Graduate School in Anatomical Sciences.\nMartin Lawrence (Dean of Graduate School), Catherine A Forster, Ph.D. – Dissertation Advisor\nAssociate Professor\nDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, William L. Jungers, Ph.D. – Chairperson of Defense\nProfessor\nDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, Jack T. Stern, Ph.D. – Dissertation Advisor\nProfessor\nDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, James M. Clark, Ph.D. – Outside Member\nProfessor\nDepartment of Biological Sciences\nGeorge Washington University.

@phdthesis{openalexw2315056312,
    author = "Sipla, Justin S.",
    title = "The Semicircular Canals of Birds and Non-Avian Theropod Dinosaurs",
    year = "2007",
    booktitle = "SUNY Digital Repository Support (State University of New York System)",
    abstract = "Stony Brook University Libraries.\nSBU Graduate School in Anatomical Sciences.\nMartin Lawrence (Dean of Graduate School), Catherine A Forster, Ph.D. – Dissertation Advisor\nAssociate Professor\nDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, William L. Jungers, Ph.D. – Chairperson of Defense\nProfessor\nDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, Jack T. Stern, Ph.D. – Dissertation Advisor\nProfessor\nDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, James M. Clark, Ph.D. – Outside Member\nProfessor\nDepartment of Biological Sciences\nGeorge Washington University.",
    url = "https://openalex.org/W2315056312",
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