@techreport{camp1936a1,
    author = "Camp, L. S",
    title = "A new type of small bipedal dinosaur from the Navajo sandstone of Arizona",
    year = "1936",
    howpublished = "University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Science, v. 24, p. 35-56",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Camp, L. S., 1936, A new type of small bipedal dinosaur from the Navajo sandstone of Arizona: University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Science, v. 24, p. 35-56.}"
}

@article{crossref1945the,
    title = "The Moenkopi Formation of Northern Arizona",
    year = "1945",
    journal = "Science",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.102.2643.192.a",
    doi = "10.1126/science.102.2643.192.a",
    number = "2643",
    openalex = "W4237264197",
    pages = "192-192",
    volume = "102"
}

@article{wilson1949arizona,
    author = "WILSON, ELDRED D. and ROSEVEARE, GEORGE H.",
    title = "Arizona",
    year = "1949",
    journal = "Chemical \& Engineering News Archive",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v027n042.p3002",
    doi = "10.1021/cen-v027n042.p3002",
    number = "42",
    pages = "3002-3003",
    volume = "27"
}

@article{welles1954new,
    author = "WELLES, S. P.",
    title = "NEW JURASSIC DINOSAUR FROM THE KAYENTA FORMATION OF ARIZONA",
    year = "1954",
    journal = "Geological Society of America Bulletin",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1954)65[591:njdftk]2.0.co;2",
    doi = "10.1130/0016-7606(1954)65[591:njdftk]2.0.co;2",
    number = "6",
    openalex = "W2090065025",
    pages = "591",
    volume = "65"
}

@techreport{welles1954new5,
    author = "Welles, S. P",
    title = "New Jurassic dinosaur from the Kayenta Formation of Arizona",
    year = "1954",
    howpublished = "Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 65, p. 591-598",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Welles, S. P., 1954, New Jurassic dinosaur from the Kayenta Formation of Arizona: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 65, p. 591-598.}"
}

@article{crossref1961arizona,
    title = "Arizona State College, Flagstaff, Arizona.",
    year = "1961",
    journal = "Anthropology News",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/an.1961.2.3.7.4",
    doi = "10.1111/an.1961.2.3.7.4",
    number = "3",
    pages = "7-7",
    volume = "2"
}

@techreport{mckee1967evolution2,
    author = "McKee, E. H. and Wilson, R. F. and Breed, W. J. and Breed, C. S",
    title = "Evolution of the Colorado River in Arizona, 44 of Bulletin of the Museum of Northern Arizona",
    year = "1967",
    howpublished = "Phoenix, Arizona, Museum of Northern Arizona, 67 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {McKee, E. H., Wilson, R. F., Breed, W. J., and Breed, C. S., 1967, Evolution of the Colorado River in Arizona, 44 of Bulletin of the Museum of Northern Arizona: Phoenix, Arizona, Museum of Northern Arizona, 67 p.}"
}

@misc{welles1971dinosaur6,
    author = "Welles, S. P",
    title = "Dinosaur footprints from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona",
    year = "1971",
    howpublished = "Plateau, v. 44, p. 27-38",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Welles, S. P., 1971, Dinosaur footprints from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona: Plateau, v. 44, p. 27-38.}"
}

@misc{meyer1986dday3,
    author = "Meyer, L. L",
    title = "D-day on the painted desert",
    year = "1986",
    howpublished = "Arizona Highways, v. 62, p. 2- 13",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Meyer, L. L., 1986, D-day on the painted desert: Arizona Highways, v. 62, p. 2- 13.}"
}

@incollection{padian1986on4,
    author = "Padian, K",
    editor = "Padian, K.",
    title = "On the type material of Coelophysis Cope (Saurischia: Theropoda) and a new specimen from the Petrified Forest of Arizona (Late Triassic: Chinle Formation)",
    year = "1986",
    booktitle = "The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs",
    publisher = "Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 40-60",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Padian, K., 1986, On the type material of Coelophysis Cope (Saurischia: Theropoda) and a new specimen from the Petrified Forest of Arizona (Late Triassic: Chinle Formation), in Padian, K., ed., The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 40-60.}"
}

@article{doi1023073514751,
    author = "Beerbower, Richard and Padian, Kevin",
    title = "The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs",
    year = "1989",
    journal = "Palaios",
    abstract = "The record of life on land has been a principal concern of historical biology not only because of our fascination with our own past (and with giants, dragons, and other ancient monsters) but because of special opportunities and challenges for development of methods, principles, and concepts of explanation. The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs treats an intriguing phase of that history, one that included the first appearance of dinosaurs, and mammals, the extinction or near extinction of many clades of vertebrates, and extensive changes in plant associations. Further, the patterns of change (and of stasis) raise general questions about macroecologic and macroevolutionary processes and factors and even about the roles of chance and determination in biological history. Although the book was published initially in 1986 (and was based on a 1984 symposium sponsored by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontologists), its content remains current and its release in paperback form (for $34.50 rather than $75.00 for the hardcover version) justifies a review even at this late date. The Introduction and the Summary and Prospectus, written by the editor, Kevin Padian, demonstrate the significance of the interval from mid-Triassic to early Jurassic-particularly for vertebrates on land. Advanced mammal-like reptiles (therapsids) dominate lower Triassic assemblages in abundance, taxonomic diversity, and ecological variety; non-therapsids (mostly archosaurs) are rare elements and apparently of little ecological importance. In upper Triassic and lower Jurassic assemblages the situation is reversed, therapsids rare with limited diversity and variety but archosaurs abundant, diverse and varied. The archosaur expansion starts in middle of the succession; pterodactyls, crocodylomorphs, and dinosaurs appear (as archosaur subclades) in approximate coincidence with a marked decline in therapsids. Mammals (at least 3 subclades) occur along with two other subclades of very mammal-like therapsids very close to the top. In the upper Triassic two relatively sharp breaks in faunal composition appear, one relatively low, in the top of the Carnian and base of the Norian stages (around 225 Ma), and one higher, at the top of the Norian (around 215 Ma). These breaks, if real and not a consequence of miscorrelations or gaps in sampling, suggest high rates of taxonomic extinction and origination and have been interpreted as intervals of catastrophic extinction. These changes coincide more or less with some in the flora (except that the latter seem continuous rather than stepped) and thus with overall changes in terrestrial ecosystems. Radically different explanations have been offered for these patterns, at one extreme a deterministic argument from the competitive superiority of dinosaurs to the other, an opportunistic one based on chance differences in survival through episodes of mass extinction. This book can be viewed (and reviewed) as an extended example of analysis and interpretation in historical biology. The concerns of the discipline are twofold, chronicle and narrative (the concepts those of O'Hara, 1988). Chronicle comprises when, what, and where; narrative, how. A chronicle extends of course beyond description and chronologic ordering of fossils to paleobiogeographic, paleoecologic, and phylogenetic reconstructions. The latter derive from patterns in form and occurrence of fossils as analyzed in terms of taphonomic, constructional, functional, and phylogenetic processes and factors (viz Seilacher, 1970) and of stratigraphic and geographic distribution. Each reconstruction represents a particular state, and stratigraphic analysis arranges these reconstructions into a chronicle. Narrative, in contrast, involves explanation of the patterns (temporal, geographic, ecologic and phyletic) in the chronicle by a sequence of biological and physical circumstances and by evolutionary processes and factors (genetic, phylogenetic, and ecological). Of the 26 papers in this volume, 24 focus primarily on the chronicle and are dominated by consideration of what-when, i.e., the stratigraphic distribution of various groups of fossils, and of what-how, i.e., the phylogenetic and functional analyses. Among those in the what-when group are papers by Colbert on historical aspects of upper Triassic-lower Jurassic stratigraphy, by Ash on fossil plants, by Olsen and Baird on the ichnogenus Atreipus, by Chatterjee and by Parrish and Carpenter on vertebrates of the Dockum Group (Texas and New Mexico), and by Long and Padian on biostratigraphy of the Chinle Formation (Arizona). Also best included here are the studies by McCune and Schaeffer on Triassic and Jurassic fishes, Gaffney on turtles, Clemens on mammals, Olson and Padian on crocodylomorph ichnogenera, Sun and Cui on saurishians from the lower Lufeng (China), Clark and Fastovsky on the vertebrates of the Glen Canyon Group (Arizona), Haubold on archosaur trackways, Sigogneau-Russell, Frank, and Hemmerle on a new family of Triassic",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/3514751",
    doi = "10.2307/3514751",
    openalex = "W2320472492",
    references = "doi101017cbo9780511608551, doi1023072807146, doi1023072992272"
}

@article{padian1989presence,
    author = "Padian, Kevin",
    title = "Presence of the dinosaur Scelidosaurus indicates Jurassic age for the Kayenta Formation (Glen Canyon Group, northern Arizona)",
    year = "1989",
    journal = "Geology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0438:potdsi>2.3.co;2",
    doi = "10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0438:potdsi>2.3.co;2",
    number = "5",
    openalex = "W2080429813",
    pages = "438",
    volume = "17"
}

@article{rowe1989a,
    author = "Rowe, Timothy",
    title = "A new species of the theropod dinosaur Syntarsus from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona",
    year = "1989",
    journal = "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1989.10011748",
    doi = "10.1080/02724634.1989.10011748",
    number = "2",
    openalex = "W2059514783",
    pages = "125-136",
    volume = "9",
    references = "doi10108002724634198810011708, doi101111j109600311988tb00514x, doi1023073514751, doi105281zenodo16171435, doi105479si03629236110i, openalexw205674743, openalexw2242116350, openalexw2788234611, openalexw2991310333, openalexw78510971"
}

@article{doi10108002724634199410011523,
    author = "Novas, Fernando E.",
    title = "New information on the systematics and postcranial skeleton of Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis (Theropoda: Herrerasauridae) from the Ischigualasto Formation (Upper Triassic) of Argentina",
    year = "1994",
    journal = "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology",
    abstract = "ABSTRACT Herrerasauridae from the Ischigualasto Formation (San Juan Province, Argentina) included Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Reig, 1963, Ischisaurus cattoi Reig, 1963, and Frenguellisaurus ischigualastensis Novas, 1986. Review of type and referred specimens of those taxa suggests that Ischisaurus and Frenguellisaurus are junior synonyms of Herrerasaurus. At present, Herrerasaurus is the only Herrerasauridae documented in the Ischigualasto Formation, and the record of a cf. Staurikosaurus in those beds is here dismissed. Cladistic analysis counters previous hypotheses supporting the outgroup position of Herrerasauridae with respect to the remaining dinosaurs. Instead, new evidence supports this group as saurischian dinosaurs: the posterior process of the jugal is forked, a hyposphene-hypantrum articulation is present in dorsal vertebrae, the distal shaft of the ischium is rod-like, and six other saurischian synapomorphies are present. Moreover, herrerasaurids share with other theropods 11 synapomorphies including prong-shaped epipophyses on the cervical vertebrae, elongate prezygapophyses in distal caudals, humerus nearly 50\% of femoral length, strongly reduced metacarpals IV and V, and distally enlarged pubis. In the context of the hypothesis accepted here, the presence of two sacral vertebrae and absence of a brevis fossa on the ilium in the Herrerasauridae are interpreted as apomorphic reversals within Dinosauria.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1994.10011523",
    doi = "10.1080/02724634.1994.10011523",
    openalex = "W2050709074",
    references = "crossref1976allosaurus, doi101007bf02985709, doi101007bf02986571, doi101017s247526300000091x, doi10108002724634199010011815, doi10108002724634199110011426, doi101111j109583121965tb00944x, doi101126science10246376, doi105281zenodo16120887, doi105281zenodo16171435, doi105281zenodo16692311, doi105479si00963801361666197, doi105962p226819, doi105962p234849, doi105962p313819, galton1977onstaurikosaums, openalexw1594077233, openalexw3140893762, openalexw53287739"
}

@article{doi10108002724634199810011086,
    author = "Olsen, Paul E. and Smith, Joshua B. and McDonald, Nicholas G.",
    title = "Type material of the type species of the classic theropod footprint genera Eubrontes, Anchisauripus, and Grallator (Early Jurassic, Hartford and Deerfield basins, Connecticut and Massachusetts, U.S.A.)",
    year = "1998",
    journal = "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology",
    abstract = "ABSTRACT The classic Early Jurassic age theropod footprints Eubrontes giganteus, Anchisauripus sillimani, and Grallator parallelus were established by Edward Hitchcock in 1836–1847 and are the type ichnospecies of their respective ichnogenera. We identify, describe, and figure the type specimens in detail for the first time since they were named. We also figure and describe the other elements of the type series as well as specimens mistakenly thought to be the types. All of the tracks come from cyclical lacustrine and marginal lacustrine to fluvial strata from an interval spanning about one million years in the Early Jurassic age Meriden and Agawam groups of the Hartford and Deerfield basins of Connecticut and Massachusetts. Based on osteometric comparisons with skeletal material, these three ichnospecies were most likely made by theropod dinosaurs, as usually assumed. Although treated here as distinct ichnogenera, it is possible that their major proportional differences derive from allometric growth with individuals of several related species in one genus or even within one species of trackmaker. The rigorous establishment of these classic ichnological taxa forms a basis for more wide ranging studies of theropod diversity in the early Mesozoic.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1998.10011086",
    doi = "10.1080/02724634.1998.10011086",
    openalex = "W2003962594",
    references = "doi1010160031018272900491, doi101017s0025315400028575, doi10108002724634199410011524, doi101126science5130998, doi101146annurevearth251337, doi10230725058147, doi105281zenodo16171435, doi105860choice332752, doi105962bhltitle125523, doi107312lock90868, openalexw39955589, openalexw606525048"
}

@misc{crossref2000arizona,
    title = "Arizona",
    year = "2000",
    booktitle = "Multicultural Education in the U.S.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216186724.0007",
    doi = "10.5040/9798216186724.0007",
    pages = "15-19"
}

@article{doi1016710272463420020220593cvancf20co2,
    author = "Tykoski, Ronald S. and Rowe, Timothy B. and Ketcham, Richard A. and Colbert, Matthew W.",
    title = "Calsoyasuchus valliceps, a new crocodyliform from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona",
    year = "2002",
    journal = "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology",
    abstract = "Abstract We describe a new fossil crocodyliform archosaur from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of the Navajo Nation that is surprisingly derived for so ancient a specimen. High-resolution X-ray CT analysis reveals that its long snout houses an extensive system of pneumatic paranasal cavities. These are among the most distinctive features of modern crocodylians, yet the evolutionary history of this unique system has been obscured by the inaccessibility of internal structures in most fossil crania. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis indicates that the new species is the oldest known member of a monophyletic Goniopholididae, and within this lineage to be the sister taxon of Eutretauranosuchus, from the Late Jurassic Morrison formation of Colorado. Goniopholididae became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous, but it is more closely related to living crocodylians than are several lineages known only from Cretaceous and younger fossils. The new taxon nearly doubles the known length of goniopholid history and implies a deep, as yet undiscovered, Mesozoic history for several crocodyliform lineages that were once thought to have relatively complete fossil records.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0593:cvancf]2.0.co;2",
    doi = "10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0593:cvancf]2.0.co;2",
    openalex = "W2180510264",
    references = "doi101002jmor1052250304, doi101016s0098300400001163, doi10103835016061, doi10108002724634199710011027, doi10108002724634199910011201, doi101093sysbio463479, doi101098rstb19700028, doi105860choice325663, openalexw2788234611, openalexw606525048, welles1954new"
}

@misc{crossref2008arizona,
    title = "Arizona",
    year = "2008",
    booktitle = "Encyclopedia of U.S. Campaigns, Elections, and Electoral Behavior",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963886.n18",
    doi = "10.4135/9781412963886.n18"
}

@misc{crossref2009arizona,
    title = "Arizona",
    year = "2009",
    booktitle = "America's Natural Places: Pacific and West",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5040/9798400610073.0007",
    doi = "10.5040/9798400610073.0007",
    pages = "22-33"
}

@article{openalexw2306571682,
    author = "Heckert, Andrew B.",
    title = "Arizona’s Jurassic Fossil Vertebrates and the Age of the Glen Canyon Group",
    year = "2010",
    journal = "NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro)",
    abstract = "Most fossil vertebrates of Jurassic age from Arizona are derived from the Glen Canyon Group on the southern Colorado Plateau in the northeastern part of the state. Glen Canyon Group strata of Jurassic age in Arizona that yield fossils include the upper Dinosaur Canyon and the Whitmore Point members of the Moenave Formation, the Kayenta Formation, and the Navajo Sandstone. All of these units yield both trace (principally dinosaur footprint) and body fossils of tetrapods. To date, only the Kayenta Formation fauna is particularly diverse (more than 10 taxa), and the Kayenta fauna is one of the best known Dawan (Early Jurassic: Sinemurian) tetrapod faunas in North America, and includes numerous type specimens, representing important records of tritylodonts, theropod dinosaurs, amphibians, turtles, and mammals. Non-Glen Canyon Group records of Jurassic vertebrates from northern Arizona are limited to scattered occurrences of footprints in the Middle-Upper Jurassic Summerville Formation and a single documented Apatosaurus vertebra from the Morrison Formation. The only Jurassic vertebrates from southern Arizona are fragmentary tetrapods from the Gardner Canyon Formation in the Santa Rita Mountains and undescribed osteichthyans from Upper Jurassic marine strata in the Chiricahua Mountains.",
    url = "https://openalex.org/W2306571682",
    openalex = "W2306571682"
}

@incollection{adelman2013arizona,
    author = "Adelman, Charlotte and Schwartz, Bernard L",
    title = "Arizona",
    year = "2013",
    booktitle = "Prairie Directory of North America",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780195366945.003.0002",
    doi = "10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780195366945.003.0002",
    pages = "11-18"
}

@incollection{crossref2013arizona,
    title = "Arizona",
    year = "2013",
    booktitle = "Reruns on File",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315044668-12",
    doi = "10.4324/9781315044668-12",
    pages = "55-61"
}

@article{embrey2015arizona,
    author = "Embrey, Teague",
    title = "Arizona",
    year = "2015",
    journal = "Madroño",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.3120/madr-62-03-182-183.1",
    doi = "10.3120/madr-62-03-182-183.1",
    number = "3",
    pages = "182-183",
    volume = "62"
}

@article{doi102110palo2016041,
    author = "Kirkland, James I. and Simpson, Edward L. and DeBlieux, Donald D. and Madsen, Scott K. and Bogner, Emily and Tibert, Neil E.",
    title = "DEPOSITIONAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE LOWER CRETACEOUS STIKES QUARRY DINOSAUR SITE: UPPER YELLOW CAT MEMBER, CEDAR MOUNTAIN FORMATION, UTAH",
    year = "2016",
    journal = "Palaios",
    abstract = "A new mass death assemblage in Lower Cretaceous strata of east-central Utah contains well-preserved skeletons representing an ontogenetic series of individuals of Utahraptor, and at minimum two iguanodont grade ornithischian skeletons. The dinosaurs were entombed in ovoid-lensoidal, fine-grained sandstone sills linked by sandstone pipes and/or dikes and another basal lensoidal mass with scattered and broken iguanodont and sauropod bones and to an underlying gravelly sandstone bed. Exposed in the excavation high-walls are syndepositional normal-faults bounding graded ripple strata. Multiphased fluid over-pressurization in an artesian setting creating the structures. Trapping, killing, and subsequent burial mechanism was generated by variations of pressure in a localized artesian spring system that breached the surface and is the first such mechanism documented with numerous dinosaur victims.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2016.041",
    doi = "10.2110/palo.2016.041",
    openalex = "W2519789898",
    references = "doi10100797814899503456, doi1010160148906279912439, doi101016b9780444414205500204, doi101016jsedgeo200608004, doi101016s0013795296000403, doi101046j136530911996d015x, doi101111j136530911969tb01125x, doi101111j136530911975tb00290x, doi10130604090705181, doi101306212f92412b2411d78648000102c1865d, openalexw2306571682"
}

@article{doi101371journalpone0204007,
    author = "Marsh, Adam D. and Rowe, Timothy B.",
    title = "Anatomy and systematics of the sauropodomorph Sarahsaurus aurifontanalis from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation",
    year = "2018",
    journal = "PLoS ONE",
    abstract = "Sarahsaurus aurifontanalis, from the Kayenta Formation of Arizona, is one of only three sauropodomorph dinosaurs known from the Early Jurassic of North America. It joins Anchisaurus polyzelus, from the older Portland Formation of the Hartford Basin, and Seitaad reussi, from the younger Navajo Sandstone of Utah, in representing the oldest North American sauropodomorphs. If it is true that sauropodomorphs were absent from North America during the Late Triassic, the relationship among these three dinosaurs offers a test of the mechanisms that drove recovery in North American biodiversity following the end-Triassic extinction event. Here we provide the first thorough description of Sarahsaurus aurifontanalis based on completed preparation and computed tomographic imaging of the holotype and referred specimens. With new anatomical data, our phylogenetic analysis supports the conclusion that Sarahsaurus aurifontanalis is nested within the primarily Gondwanan clade Massospondylidae, while agreeing with previous analyses that the three North American sauropodomorphs do not themselves form an exclusive clade. A revised diagnosis and more thorough understanding of the anatomy of Sarahsaurus aurifontanalis support the view that independent dispersal events were at least partly responsible for the recovery in North American vertebrate diversity following a major extinction event.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204007",
    doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0204007",
    openalex = "W2897614356",
    references = "doi101098rspl18870117, doi101111j109600311988tb00514x, doi101111j10960031200800217x, doi101111joa12775, doi101126science1234204, doi101126science2845414616, doi101126science28454232137, doi1012063521, doi104202app20090075, doi105281zenodo16171435, openalexw2611511275, openalexw3215057009, padian1989presence"
}

@article{doi1010800272463420191645682,
    author = "Marsh, Adam D. and Parker, William G. and Langer, Max C. and Nesbitt, Sterling J.",
    title = "Redescription of the holotype specimen of Chindesaurus bryansmalli Long and Murry, 1995 (Dinosauria, Theropoda), from Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona",
    year = "2019",
    journal = "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology",
    abstract = "Chindesaurus bryansmalli is an early dinosaur of uncertain affinities from the Late Triassic Chinle Formation at Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona. Since its first description in 1995, the taxon has been considered a plateosaurid, a non-eusaurischian saurischian, a herrerasaurid, and/or a non-neotheropod member of Theropoda. Chindesaurus bryansmalli is usually scored for about 25\% of the characters in a given phylogenetic analysis, and many characters have been scored secondhand from misidentified elements. Here, we provide a redescription of the holotype specimen of C. bryansmalli, correct misidentifications, introduce previously unknown elements, and discuss novel morphological character observations. Chindesaurus bryansmalli is supported as the sister taxon to the non-neotheropod theropod Tawa hallae from the Chinle Formation at Ghost Ranch, New Mexico. The same two most parsimonious trees, with increasing node support, result from iteratively removing the three most incomplete taxa in the employed data set, suggesting that the relationships of stem-averostran theropods are not highly affected by the inclusion of fragmentary specimens. The Chindesaurus + Tawa clade recovered here may represent a potentially diverse group of early theropods prior to the end-Triassic mass extinction.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2019.1645682",
    doi = "10.1080/02724634.2019.1645682",
    openalex = "W2972268721",
    references = "doi101371journalpone0204007, doi10718895fylantbak30809522"
}

@article{doi107717peerj7240,
    author = "Chapelle, Kimberley E. J. and Barrett, Paul M. and Botha, Jennifer and Choiniere, Jonah N.",
    title = "Ngwevu intloko: a new early sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Elliot Formation of South Africa and comments on cranial ontogeny in Massospondylus carinatus",
    year = "2019",
    journal = "PeerJ",
    abstract = "Our knowledge of Early Jurassic palaeobiodiversity in the upper Elliot Formation of South Africa has increased markedly in recent years with the discovery of new fossils, re-assessments of previously collected material and a better understanding of Stormberg Group stratigraphy. Here, Ngwevu intloko, a new genus of upper Elliot basal sauropodomorph is named on the basis of a complete skull and partial skeleton (BP/1/4779) previously assigned to Massospondylus carinatus. It can be distinguished from all other basal sauropodomorphs by a combination of 16 cranial and six postcranial characters. The new species is compared to a small ontogenetic series of M. carinatus as well as to a range of closely related taxa. Taphonomic deformation, sexual dimorphism and ontogeny are rejected as possible explanations for the morphological differences present between BP/1/4779 and other taxa. Osteohistological examination reveals that BP/1/4779 had nearly reached adult size at the time of its death at a minimum age of 10 years.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7240",
    doi = "10.7717/peerj.7240",
    openalex = "W2966268078",
    references = "doi101371journalpone0204007"
}

@misc{crossref2020arizona,
    title = "Arizona",
    year = "2020",
    booktitle = "Definitions",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.32388/l2cfez",
    doi = "10.32388/l2cfez"
}

@article{doi101017jpa202014,
    author = "Marsh, Adam D. and Rowe, Timothy B.",
    title = "A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Journal of Paleontology",
    abstract = "Abstract Dilophosaurus wetherilli was the largest animal known to have lived on land in North America during the Early Jurassic. Despite its charismatic presence in pop culture and dinosaurian phylogenetic analyses, major aspects of the skeletal anatomy, taxonomy, ontogeny, and evolutionary relationships of this dinosaur remain unknown. Skeletons of this species were collected from the middle and lower part of the Kayenta Formation in the Navajo Nation in northern Arizona. Redescription of the holotype, referred, and previously undescribed specimens of Dilophosaurus wetherilli supports the existence of a single species of crested, large-bodied theropod in the Kayenta Formation. The parasagittal nasolacrimal crests are uniquely constructed by a small ridge on the nasal process of the premaxilla, dorsoventrally expanded nasal, and tall lacrimal that includes a posterior process behind the eye. The cervical vertebrae exhibit serial variation within the posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina, which bifurcates and reunites down the neck. Iterative specimen-based phylogenetic analyses result in each of the additional specimens recovered as the sister taxon to the holotype. When all five specimens are included in an analysis, they form a monophyletic clade that supports the monotypy of the genus. Dilophosaurus wetherilli is not recovered as a ceratosaur or coelophysoid, but is instead a non-averostran neotheropod in a grade with other stem-averostrans such as Cryolophosaurus ellioti and Zupaysaurus rougieri. We did not recover a monophyletic ‘Dilophosauridae.’ Instead of being apomorphic for a small clade of early theropods, it is more likely that elaboration of the nasals and lacrimals of stem-averostrans is plesiomorphically present in early ceratosaurs and tetanurans that share those features. Many characters of the axial skeleton of Dilophosaurus wetherilli are derived compared to Late Triassic theropods and may be associated with macropredation and an increase in body size in Theropoda across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2020.14",
    doi = "10.1017/jpa.2020.14",
    openalex = "W3039835864",
    references = "doi101002ar24130, doi101038ncomms12931, doi101098rspb20110410, doi101111j109600311994tb00179x, doi101111j10960031200800217x, doi101111j155856461985tb00420x, doi101111j155856461988tb02497x, doi101111joa12775, doi101126science2845414616, doi1012063521, doi101371journalpone0004591, doi101371journalpone0030060, doi101371journalpone0088905, doi101371journalpone0092022, doi101371journalpone0145713, doi101371journalpone0204007, doi1016710272463420072773tclagn20co2, doi104202app001432014, doi105281zenodo16171435, doi105710amgh040820173100, doi105962bhltitle156765, doi107717peerj5976, openalexw2611511275, openalexw3215057009, padian1989presence, welles1954new"
}

@article{breeden2021the,
    author = "Breeden, Benjamin T. and Raven, Thomas J. and Butler, Richard J. and Rowe, Timothy B. and Maidment, Susannah C. R.",
    title = "The anatomy and palaeobiology of the early armoured dinosaur Scutellosaurus lawleri (Ornithischia: Thyreophora) from the Kayenta Formation (Lower Jurassic) of Arizona",
    year = "2021",
    journal = "Royal Society Open Science",
    abstract = "The armoured dinosaurs, Thyreophora, were a diverse clade of ornithischians known from the Early Jurassic to the end of the Cretaceous. During the Middle and Late Jurassic, the thyreophorans radiated to evolve large body size, quadrupedality, and complex chewing mechanisms, and members of the group include some of the most iconic dinosaurs, including the plated Stegosaurus and the club-tailed Ankylosaurus; however, the early stages of thyreophoran evolution are poorly understood due to a paucity of relatively complete remains from early diverging thyreophoran taxa. Scutellosaurus lawleri is generally reconstructed as the earliest-diverging thyreophoran and is known from over 70 specimens from the Lower Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona, USA. Whereas Scutellosaurus lawleri is pivotal to our understanding of character-state changes at the base of Thyreophora that can shed light on the early evolution of the armoured dinosaurs, the taxon has received limited study. Herein, we provide a detailed account of the osteology of Scutellosaurus lawleri, figuring many elements for the first time. Scutellosaurus lawleri was the only definitive bipedal thyreophoran. Histological studies indicate that it grew slowly throughout its life, possessing lamellar-zonal tissue that was a consequence neither of its small size nor phylogenetic position, but may instead be autapomorphic, and supporting other studies that suggest thyreophorans had lower basal metabolic rates than other ornithischian dinosaurs. Faunal diversity of the Kayenta Formation in comparison with other well-known Early Jurassic-aged dinosaur-bearing formations indicates that there was considerable spatial and/or environmental variation in Early Jurassic dinosaur faunas.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201676",
    doi = "10.1098/rsos.201676",
    number = "7",
    openalex = "W3184028119",
    volume = "8",
    references = "doi101016s0037073803001581, doi101017jpa202014, doi101017s1477201907002271, doi10108002724634199610011283, doi101098rspl18870117, doi101126science28454232137, doi101127njgpa210199841, doi101130b264061, doi1012063521, doi101371journalpone0204007, doi105281zenodo16171435, doi105860choice393984, padian1989presence"
}

@article{doi1010800272463420211897604,
    author = "Marsh, Adam D. and Milner, Andrew R. and Harris, Jerald D. and Blieux, Donald D. De and Kirkland, James I.",
    title = "A non-averostran neotheropod vertebra (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the earliest Jurassic Whitmore Point Member (Moenave Formation) in southwestern Utah",
    year = "2021",
    journal = "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology",
    abstract = "Theropod dinosaurs are minor components of Late Triassic ecosystems in North America, comprising coelophysoids and various non-neotheropods from the Chinle Formation of Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico and the Dockum Group of western Texas. By the Sinemurian (Early Jurassic), the coelophysoid “Syntarsus” kayentakatae and the large-bodied non-averostran neotheropod Dilophosaurus wetherilli from the Kayenta Formation were the dominant terrestrial predators. Theropods are virtually unknown from the intervening Rhaetian–Hettangian Moenave Formation, with the exception of two partial coelophysoid pelves from somewhere within the Dinosaur Canyon Member, which includes the Triassic–Jurassic boundary and end-Triassic mass extinction. Here we describe an anterior trunk vertebra from a non-coelophysoid, non-averostran neotheropod from the uppermost Whitmore Point Member of the Moenave Formation in southwestern Utah, which is Hettangian in age. The vertebra has prominent vertebral laminae and associated pneumatic fossae, and anterior and posterior ‘shoulders’ on the neural spine that are similar to those found in Dilophosaurus wetherilli. This vertebra belongs to a theropod that may be as many as 15 million years older than Dilophosaurus wetherilli from the middle of the Kayenta Formation in Arizona. This theropod is associated with Grallator, Eubrontes, and Characichnos theropod traces made on the shores of the Early Jurassic Lake Whitmore that are abundant in the Whitmore Point Member in southwestern Utah. Its occurrence in the Hettangian roughly coincides with the appearance of Eubrontes tracks in North America, indicating that not all contemporaneous theropod traces were made by coelophysoids.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2021.1897604",
    doi = "10.1080/02724634.2021.1897604",
    openalex = "W3171257201",
    references = "doi10108002724634199610011283, doi10108002724634199910011178, doi101098rspl18870117, doi101126science1065522, doi101126science1234204, doi101127njgpa210199841, doi1012063521, doi101371journalpone0017114, doi102110palo2019063, doi102475ajss321125417, jenkins2017first, openalexw2912219260"
}

@article{doi1011111755672414774,
    author = "Wang, Zizheng and Jiang, Xinsheng and Wang, Xiaobing and Gao, Jianguo and Zhu, Si-Bao",
    title = "Tooth Plates of Ceratodus (Dipnoi, Ceratodontidae) from the Upper Jurassic Shaximiao Formation of Guang'an, Sichuan Province, China",
    year = "2021",
    journal = "Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition",
    abstract = "Abstract Ceratodus is a form genus of ceratodontid lungfishes. Until now, only 14 specimens have been reported from the Mesozoic of China. Detailed measurements and characteristic comparisons based on 15 well‐preserved lungfish tooth plates of Ceratodus type, uncovered from the upper member of the Upper Jurassic Shaximiao Formation at Luojiashan, Qianfeng District, Guang'an, Sichuan Province in 2019, allow us to establish a new species, Ceratodus guanganensis sp. nov., on the basis of its small swollen irregular triangular tooth plate with four low and swollen radial crests on the occlusal surface without denticles. Other specimens from the same locality can be referred to C. szechuanensis and C. youngi. This is the first discovery of Ceratodus in the Guang'an region and represents the fifth Ceratodus fossil site in the Sichuan Basin. The discovery indicates that the climate was hot and arid in the Sichuan Basin during the Late Jurassic, and reveals a tectonic paleogeographic relationship between the Yangtze block in southwestern China and the Kola Basin in northern Thailand.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.14774",
    doi = "10.1111/1755-6724.14774",
    openalex = "W3176725177",
    references = "doi101017jpa2016131"
}

@inproceedings{andcarter2022analysis,
    author = "Carter, Hunter and Shimer, Grant and Knudsen, Tyler R.",
    title = "ANALYSIS OF TRIDACTYL DINOSAUR TRACKS FROM THE EARLY JURASSIC KAYENTA FORMATION, CEDAR CITY, UTAH, USA",
    year = "2022",
    booktitle = "Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-378633",
    doi = "10.1130/abs/2022am-378633",
    openalex = "W4312692155"
}

@article{marsh2024the,
    author = "Marsh, Adam and De Blieux, Donald and Kirkland, James",
    title = "The first dinosaur postcranial body fossils from the Lower Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Utah",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Geology of the Intermountain West",
    abstract = "The vertebrate assemblage of the Lower Jurassic Kayenta Formation is known for its preservation of post-end Triassic mass extinction lineages, including lissamphibians, lepidosaurs, turtles, mammaliamorphs, crocodylomorphs, pterosaurs, and ornithischian, theropod, and sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Most of the body fossils from the formation are known from its ‘silty facies’ in north-central Arizona and southwestern Utah, whereas the sandier ‘typical facies’ of northeastern Arizona preserves few body fossils, and until recently they were completely absent in the typical facies of southeastern Utah. A 2011 team conducting a paleontological survey of Arches National Park discovered the first body fossils from the typical facies of the Kayenta Formation in Utah, here identified as belonging to a single individual of a saurischian dinosaur, likely a theropod. The fossil elements include a partial centrum articular face, a prezygapophysis, part of a caudal vertebra, the distal end of a left radius, part of the distal end of a left femur, a shaft fragment from the left fibula, the distal end of right metatarsal I, and the proximal portion of left metatarsals III and IV. This specimen from Arches National Park underscores the importance of federally protected land in fossil resource management and suggests that the typical facies of the Kayenta Formation may be undersampled and could preserve more vertebrate bones than previously thought.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.31711/giw.v11.pp45-57",
    doi = "10.31711/giw.v11.pp45-57",
    openalex = "W4401662659",
    pages = "45-57",
    volume = "11",
    references = "doi101016jearscirev2020103120, doi101016s0037073803001581, doi101038nature22037, doi10108002724634199310011511, doi101098rstb19990489, doi101126science1234204, doi102475ajss321125417, doi107312lock90868, openalexw2788234611, openalexw3215057009"
}

@article{lucas2025arizonas,
    author = "Lucas, Spencer G. and Heckert, Andrew B. and Tanner, Lawrence H.",
    title = "Arizona’s Jurassic Fossil Vertebrates and the Age of the Glen Canyon Group",
    year = "2025",
    publisher = "Appalachian State University",
    abstract = "Most fossil vertebrates of Jurassic age from Arizona are derived from the Glen Canyon Group on the southern Colorado Plateau in the northeastern part of the state. Glen Canyon Group strata of Jurassic age in Arizona that yield fossils include the upper Dinosaur Canyon and the Whitmore Point members of the Moenave Formation, the Kayenta Formation, and the Navajo Sandstone. All of these units yield both trace (principally dinosaur footprint) and body fossils of tetrapods. To date, only the Kayenta Formation fauna is particularly diverse (more than 10 taxa), and the Kayenta fauna is one of the best known Dawan (Early Jurassic: Sinemurian) tetrapod faunas in North America, and includes numerous type specimens, representing important records of tritylodonts, theropod dinosaurs, amphibians, turtles, and mammals. Non-Glen Canyon Group records of Jurassic vertebrates from northern Arizona are limited to scattered occurrences of footprints in the Middle-Upper Jurassic Summerville Formation and a single documented Apatosaurus vertebra from the Morrison Formation. The only Jurassic vertebrates from southern Arizona are fragmentary tetrapods from the Gardner Canyon Formation in the Santa Rita Mountains and undescribed osteichthyans from Upper Jurassic marine strata in the Chiricahua Mountains.",
    url = "https://appstate.figshare.com/articles/journal\_contribution/Arizona\_s\_Jurassic\_Fossil\_Vertebrates\_and\_the\_Age\_of\_the\_Glen\_Canyon\_Group/30804809/1",
    doi = "10.71889/5fylantbak.30804809.v1",
    openalex = "W7108982379"
}