@article{cloud1976beginnings,
    author = "Cloud, Preston",
    title = "Beginnings of biospheric evolution and their biogeochemical consequences",
    year = "1976",
    journal = "Paleobiology",
    abstract = "The beginnings of biospheric evolution had far-reaching biogeochemical consequences for the related evolutions of atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. Feedback to the sedimentary record from these several simultaneously interacting aspects of crustal evolution provides the evidence from which historical biogeology is reconstructed. The interpretation of that evidence, however, is beset with pitfalls. Both biogenicity and a primary origin need to be demonstrated, or confidence limits established for each supposed morphological and biochemical fossil. Relevance to biospheric or related evolutions must be critically evaluated for every geochemical and sedimentological anomaly. Indirect evidence suggests primitive, oxygen-generating autotrophy by ∼ 3.8 × 10 9 years ago (3.8 Gyr or gigayears), while free O 2 first began to accumulate only ∼ 2 Gyr ago. Various reduced substances in the atmosphere and in solution functioned as oxygen sinks, keeping photolytic and biogenic O 2 at levels tolerable by primitive anaerobic and microaerophilic procaryotes. The oldest demonstrably biogenic and certainly primary microstructures are procaryotes from ∼ or > 2 Gyr old strata around Lake Superior. Improved biologic O 2 mediation, continued carbon segregation, and filling of O 2 sinks initiated atmospheric O 2 buildup, leading to an ozone screen ∼ or 2 shielding of anaerobic intracellular processes, heralding the eucaryotic cell. Probable eucaryotes appear in ∼ 1.3 Gyr old rocks in California as large unicells and large-diameter, branched, septate filaments. Likely consequences of eucaryotic evolution were increased atmospheric O 2, increased carbonate and sulfate ion, and the rise of sexuality. Meiosis had definitely evolved > 0.7 Gyr ago and probably > 1.3 Gyr ago, perhaps simultaneously with the mitosing cell. Whatever the timing, it completed the evolution of the eucaryotic heredity mechanism and foreshadowed (given sufficient free O 2) the differentiation of tissues, organs, and advanced forms of life—with all their potential for biogeochemical feedback to sedimentary, diagenetic, and metallogenic processes. The first Metazoa appeared ∼ 0.7 Gyr ago. Being dependent on simple diffusion for O 2, they lacked exoskeletons. The latter appeared, perhaps 0.6 Gyr ago, when increasing O 2 levels favored the emergence of more advanced respiratory systems.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s009483730000498x",
    doi = "10.1017/s009483730000498x",
    number = "4",
    openalex = "W2478338812",
    pages = "351-387",
    volume = "2",
    references = "doi1010160009254171900404, doi1010160012825273900020, doi101073pnas6851024, doi101111j150239311971tb01864x, doi101126science1473658563, doi101126science148366627, doi101126science1603829729, doi101144pygs313211, doi102113gsecongeo6871135, doi102475ajs26791017, doi102475ajs2728752, doi1031389781487589684, doi104095106437, openalexw203640937, openalexw2326083785, openalexw2622880403, openalexw332631162"
}

@misc{cloud1976beginnings1,
    author = "Cloud, P. E",
    title = "Beginnings of biospheric evolution and their biogeochemical consequences",
    year = "1976",
    howpublished = "Paleobiology, v. 2, p. 351-387",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Cloud, P. E., 1976, Beginnings of biospheric evolution and their biogeochemical consequences: Paleobiology, v. 2, p. 351-387.}"
}

@incollection{degens1989biogeochemical,
    author = "Degens, Egon T.",
    title = "Biogeochemical Evolution",
    year = "1989",
    booktitle = "Perspectives on Biogeochemistry",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48879-5\_12",
    doi = "10.1007/978-3-642-48879-5\_12",
    openalex = "W4211053721",
    pages = "342-392",
    references = "doi1010160016703757900248, doi101038249810a0, doi101038326655a0, doi10106311749327, doi101073pnas74115088, doi101126science1173046528, doi101126science13334651702, doi101126science20844481095, doi101126science23547931156, doi101180mono5"
}

@incollection{crossref2002appendix,
    title = "Appendix D: Biogeochemistry of Biospheric Cycles",
    year = "2002",
    booktitle = "The Earth's Biosphere",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/2551.003.0016",
    doi = "10.7551/mitpress/2551.003.0016",
    openalex = "W4252347252",
    pages = "278-282"
}

@article{heinze2003sensitivity,
    author = "Heinze, C. and Hupe, A. and Maier‐Reimer, E. and Dittert, N. and Ragueneau, O.",
    title = "Sensitivity of the marine biospheric Si cycle for biogeochemical parameter variations",
    year = "2003",
    journal = "Global Biogeochemical Cycles",
    abstract = "A systematic quantitative assessment of the marine silicon cycle is presented, based on a prognostic coupled water column‐sediment global biogeochemical ocean general circulation model (HAMOCC). The resulting tracer distributions are compared with a comprehensive marine Si database of measurements. The model parameters which govern the Si cycle within the model world are optimized through a linear response model. The functional relationships between the Si cycle parameters and the Si tracer distributions are derived from a series of sensitivity experiments addressing opal export production, particle flux through the water column, porewater chemistry, and external biogeochemical forcing. The most important parameters for a further quantitative improvement of the simulation are depth‐dependent opal dissolution kinetics, a productivity‐dependent opal settling velocity, a general change in maximum Si uptake velocity V max opal, and the clay as well as the Si input from continental weathering. The modeled Si budget shows a larger global export production, larger opal deposition rates onto the sediment surface and higher diffusive transports of porewater silicic acid into the open water column as estimated by Tréguer et al. [1995].",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gb001943",
    doi = "10.1029/2002gb001943",
    number = "3",
    openalex = "W1980894197",
    volume = "17",
    references = "doi1010160016703774901458, doi1010160198014987900860, doi10102995gb01070, doi101029eo064i049p0096202, doi101038288260a0, doi101126science2685209375, doi1015159780691209401, doi1023073875, doi104319lo19974210001, openalexw2053289371"
}

@incollection{furukawa2005biogeochemical,
    author = "Furukawa, Yoko",
    title = "Biogeochemical consequences of infaunal activities",
    year = "2005",
    booktitle = "Coastal and Estuarine Studies",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1029/ce060p0159",
    doi = "10.1029/ce060p0159",
    openalex = "W1509360788",
    pages = "159-177",
    references = "doi1010160009254194900620, doi1010160016703764901644, doi101016s0016703798000441, doi101023a1003980226194, doi101128aem5738478561991, doi101357002224098321667413, doi102475ajs2963197, doi104319lo19853010111, doi104319lo19954081430, openalexw657177744"
}

@incollection{smith2012marine,
    author = "Smith, Walker O. and Hofmann, Eileen E. and Mosby, Anna",
    title = "Marine Biogeochemistry marine biogeochemistry",
    year = "2012",
    booktitle = "Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3\_565",
    doi = "10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3\_565",
    pages = "6372-6386"
}

@article{doi1010292012ms000178,
    author = "Ilyina, Tatiana and Six, Katharina and Segschneider, Joachim and Maier‐Reimer, E. and Li, Hongmei and Núñez‐Riboni, Ismael",
    title = "Global ocean biogeochemistry model HAMOCC: Model architecture and performance as component of the MPI‐Earth system model in different CMIP5 experimental realizations",
    year = "2013",
    journal = "Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems",
    abstract = "Ocean biogeochemistry is a novel standard component of fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) experiments which project future climate change caused by anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. Of particular interest here is the evolution of the oceanic sink of carbon and the oceanic contribution to the climate‐carbon cycle feedback loop. The Hamburg ocean carbon cycle model (HAMOCC), a component of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth system model (MPI‐ESM), is employed to address these challenges. In this paper we describe the version of HAMOCC used in the CMIP5 experiments (HAMOCC 5.2) and its implementation in the MPI‐ESM to provide a documentation and basis for future CMIP5‐related studies. Modeled present day distributions of biogeochemical variables calculated in two different horizontal resolutions compare fairly well with observations. Statistical metrics indicate that the model performs better at the ocean surface and worse in the ocean interior. There is a tendency for improvements in the higher resolution model configuration in representing deeper ocean variables; however, there is little to no improvement at the ocean surface. An experiment with interactive carbon cycle driven by emissions of CO 2 produces a 25\% higher variability in the oceanic carbon uptake over the historical period than the same model forced by prescribed atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. Furthermore, a climate warming of 3.5 K projected at atmospheric CO 2 concentration of four times the preindustrial value, reduced the atmosphere‐ocean CO 2 flux by 1 GtC yr −1. Overall, the model shows consistent results in different configurations, being suitable for the type of simulations required within the CMIP5 experimental design.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2012ms000178",
    doi = "10.1029/2012ms000178",
    openalex = "W1989707569",
    references = "heinze2003sensitivity"
}

@misc{schlesinger2013biogeochemistry,
    author = "Schlesinger, William H.",
    title = "Biogeochemistry",
    year = "2013",
    booktitle = "Oxford Bibliographies Online Datasets",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780199830060-0111",
    doi = "10.1093/obo/9780199830060-0111"
}

@misc{crossref2014biogeochemistry,
    title = "BIOGEOCHEMISTRY",
    year = "2014",
    booktitle = "Encyclopedia of Environmental Change",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446247501.n411",
    doi = "10.4135/9781446247501.n411"
}

@misc{crossref2016biogeochemistry,
    title = "biogeochemistry",
    year = "2016",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2016-250-rc2",
    doi = "10.5194/bg-2016-250-rc2"
}

@incollection{hartnett2018biogeochemistry,
    author = "Hartnett, Hilairy Ellen",
    title = "Biogeochemistry",
    year = "2018",
    booktitle = "Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9\_169-1",
    doi = "10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9\_169-1",
    pages = "1-4"
}

@article{doi101126scienceaav0550,
    author = "Crowther, Thomas W. and van den Hoogen, Johan and Wan, Joe and Mayes, Melanie A. and Keiser, Ashley D. and Mo, Lidong and Averill, Colin and Maynard, Daniel S.",
    title = "The global soil community and its influence on biogeochemistry",
    year = "2019",
    journal = "Science",
    abstract = "Soil organisms represent the most biologically diverse community on land and govern the turnover of the largest organic matter pool in the terrestrial biosphere. The highly complex nature of these communities at local scales has traditionally obscured efforts to identify unifying patterns in global soil biodiversity and biogeochemistry. As a result, environmental covariates have generally been used as a proxy to represent the variation in soil community activity in global biogeochemical models. Yet over the past decade, broad-scale studies have begun to see past this local heterogeneity to identify unifying patterns in the biomass, diversity, and composition of certain soil groups across the globe. These unifying patterns provide new insights into the fundamental distribution and dynamics of organic matter on land.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav0550",
    doi = "10.1126/science.aav0550",
    openalex = "W2969523923",
    references = "doi1010160038071778900998, doi101038s4158601803866, doi101073pnas0507535103, doi101073pnas1711842115, doi101111j14610248200801219x, doi101126science1094875, doi101126science1256688, doi101126scienceaap9516, doi101128aem0033509, doi101371journalpone0169748"
}

@incollection{lockaby2019biogeochemistry,
    author = "Lockaby, B. Graeme and Walbridge, Mark R.",
    title = "Biogeochemistry",
    year = "2019",
    booktitle = "Southern Forested Wetlands",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429342653-7",
    doi = "10.4324/9780429342653-7",
    pages = "149-172"
}

@misc{allison2024biogeochemical,
    author = "Allison, Steven and Goulden, Michael and Martiny, Adam and Martiny, Jennifer and Treseder, Kathleen and Brodie, Eoin and Karaoz, Ulas",
    title = "Biogeochemical consequences of microbial evolution under drought (Final technical report)",
    year = "2024",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2172/2263525",
    doi = "10.2172/2263525",
    openalex = "W4392860750"
}

@article{doi103390jof12040271,
    author = "Cui, Xiangchao and Xu, Dongmeng and Wang, Jiaju and Zhang, Yu and Huang, Shuping and Wei, Wei and Ma, Ge and Li, Mengdi and Yan, Junhui",
    title = "Straw-Mediated Restructure of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community by Selectively Shifting Edaphic Biogeochemistry in Tea Plantations of South Henan, China.",
    year = "2026",
    journal = "Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)",
    abstract = "BACKGROUND: Straw application (SP) is an important agronomic practice in sustainable agriculture, yet its effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in tea plantation soils remain poorly understood. METHODS: This study investigated the responses of AM fungi to SP in tea plantations in south Henan, China, by assessing colonization characteristics, community composition, diversity, co-occurrence networks, and soil environmental drivers. RESULTS: SP significantly increased the mycorrhizal colonization rate (MC), by 59.4\%. High-throughput sequencing (26,865 sequences and 406 ASVs) revealed that SP reduced the dominance of Claroideoglomus (32.2\% to 10.5\%) and Glomus (51.01\% to 46.7\%) while enriching Paraglomus and Acaulospora. Although the α-diversity was unaffected, the β-diversity significantly shifted, indicating community homogenization under SP. Differential taxa analysis confirmed genus-specific responses, and co-occurrence networks showed a simplified topology (nodes: -18.4\%; edges: -33.4\%) but maintained stability, with increased module specialization (Zi and Pi). Soil properties explained 80.0\% of the variation in AM fungal parameters, with pH and available phosphorus (AP) as key drivers. SP shifted environmental filters from nitrogen/carbon-related factors to metal ions (Al3+ and Ca2+), altering geochemical conditions. CONCLUSIONS: SP selectively reshapes AM fungal communities by altering soil microenvironments and selectively modulating the AM fungal community while maintaining network stability. This study provides new insights into the microbial mechanisms of SP and a basis for sustainable, AMF-based tea plantation management.",
    url = "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42042365/",
    doi = "10.3390/jof12040271",
    pmid = "42042365"
}

@misc{crossrefNonebiogeochemistry,
    title = "Biogeochemistry",
    year = "None",
    booktitle = "SpringerReference",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/springerreference\_43450",
    doi = "10.1007/springerreference\_43450"
}