@article{doi101111j155856461975tb00807x,
    author = "Nei, Masatoshi and Maruyama, Takeo and Chakraborty, Ranajit",
    title = "THE BOTTLENECK EFFECT AND GENETIC VARIABILITY IN POPULATIONS",
    year = "1975",
    journal = "Evolution",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1975.tb00807.x",
    doi = "10.1111/j.1558-5646.1975.tb00807.x",
    openalex = "W2092512759",
    references = "doi1010160040580972900354, doi101017s0016672300011459, doi101017s0016672300012994, doi101093genetics16297, doi101093genetics494725, doi101093genetics762379, doi104159harvard9780674865327"
}

@article{doi1023072407137,
    author = "Nei, Masatoshi and Maruyama, Takeo and Chakraborty, Ranajit",
    title = "The Bottleneck Effect and Genetic Variability in Populations",
    year = "1975",
    journal = "Evolution",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/2407137",
    doi = "10.2307/2407137",
    openalex = "W4248775162"
}

@article{doi101126science2214609459,
    author = "O’Brien, Stephen J. and Wildt, David E. and Goldman, David and Merril, Carl R. and Bush, Μ.",
    title = "The Cheetah Is Depauperate in Genetic Variation",
    year = "1983",
    journal = "Science",
    abstract = "A sample of 55 South African cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus) from two geographically isolated populations in South Africa were found to be genetically monomorphic at each of 47 allozyme (allelic isozyme) loci. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of 155 abundant soluble proteins from cheetah fibroblasts also revealed a low frequency of polymorphism (average heterozygosity, 0.013). Both estimates are dramatically lower than levels of variation reported in other cats and mammals in general. The extreme monomorphism may be a consequence of a demographic contraction of the cheetah (a population bottleneck) in association with a reduced rate of increase in the recent natural history of this endangered species.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.221.4609.459",
    doi = "10.1126/science.221.4609.459",
    openalex = "W2059076299",
    references = "doi101016s0021925819414968, doi101093genetics542595, doi101111j155856461975tb00807x, doi101126science1844139908, doi1023071296618, doi1023072407137, doi1023073488, doi1043249781315126470, openalexw1484524608, openalexw2982931797"
}

@article{doi101126science2983425,
    author = "O’Brien, Stephen J. and Roelke, Melody E. and Marker, Laurie and Newman, Andrea K. and Winkler, Cheryl A. and Meltzer, D.G.A. and Colly, L. P. and Evermann, James F. and Bush, Μ. and Wildt, D. E.",
    title = "Genetic Basis for Species Vulnerability in the Cheetah",
    year = "1985",
    journal = "Science",
    abstract = "A population genetic survey of over 200 structural loci previously revealed that the South African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus) has an extreme paucity of genetic variability, probably as a consequence of a severe population bottleneck in its recent past. The genetic monomorphism of the species is here extended to the major histocompatibility complex, since 14 reciprocal skin grafts between unrelated cheetahs were accepted. The apparent consequences of such genetic uniformity to the species include (i) great difficulty in captive breeding, (ii) a high degree of juvenile mortality in captivity and in the wild, and (iii) a high frequency of spermatozoal abnormalities in ejaculates. The species vulnerability of the cheetah was demonstrated by an epizootic of coronavirus-associated feline infectious peritonitis in an Oregon breeding colony in 1983. Exposure and spread of the coronavirus, which has a very low morbidity in domestic cats (approximately 1 percent), has decimated a heretofore productive and healthy captive population. The extreme genetic monomorphism, especially at the major histocompatibility complex, and the apparent hypersensitivity of the cheetah to a viral pathogen may be related, and provide a biological basis for understanding the adaptive significance of abundant genetic variation in outbred mammalian species.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2983425",
    doi = "10.1126/science.2983425",
    openalex = "W1990719254",
    references = "doi101002ajpa1330270307, doi1010160040580978900394, doi101111j155856461975tb00807x, doi101126science1844139908, doi101126science2214609459, doi101126science493997, doi1023071296618, doi1023072407137, doi1023073488, openalexw1484524608, openalexw1567849582"
}

@article{doi101093genetics11441191,
    author = "Bryant, Edwin H. and McCommas, Steven A. and Combs, Lisa M.",
    title = "THE EFFECT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL BOTTLENECK UPON QUANTITATIVE GENETIC VARIATION IN THE HOUSEFLY",
    year = "1986",
    journal = "Genetics",
    abstract = "Effects of a population bottleneck (founder-flush cycle) upon quantitative genetic variation of morphometric traits were examined in replicated experimental lines of the housefly founded with one, four or 16 pairs of flies. Heritability and additive genetic variances for eight morphometric traits generally increased as a result of the bottleneck, but the pattern of increase among bottleneck sizes differed among traits. Principal axes of the additive genetic correlation matrix for the control line yielded two suites of traits, one associated with general body size and another set largely independent of body size. In the former set containing five of the traits, additive genetic variance was greatest in the bottleneck size of four pairs, whereas in the latter set of two traits the largest additive genetic variance occurred in the smallest bottleneck size of one pair. One trait exhibited changes in additive genetic variance intermediate between these two major responses. These results were inconsistent with models of additive effects of alleles within loci or of additive effects among loci. An observed decline in viability measures and body size in the bottleneck lines also indicated that there was nonadditivity of allelic effects for these traits. Several possible nonadditive models were explored that increased additive genetic variance as a result of a bottleneck. These included a model with complete dominance, a model with overdominance and a model incorporating multiplicative epistasis.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/114.4.1191",
    doi = "10.1093/genetics/114.4.1191",
    openalex = "W1942547768"
}

@article{doi101073pnas842508,
    author = "O’Brien, Stephen J. and Wildt, David E. and Bush, Μ. and Caro, T.M. and Fitzgibbon, Clare D. and Aggundey, I. R. and Leakey, Richard E.",
    title = "East African cheetahs: evidence for two population bottlenecks?",
    year = "1987",
    journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences",
    abstract = "A combined population genetic and reproductive analysis was undertaken to compare free-ranging cheetahs from east Africa (Acinonyx jubatus raineyi) with the genetically impoverished and reproductively impaired south African subspecies (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus). Like that of their south African counterparts, the quality of semen specimens from east African cheetahs was poor, with a low concentration of spermatozoa (25.3 X 10(6) per ejaculate) and a high incidence of morphological abnormalities (79\%). From an electrophoretic survey of the products of 49 genetic loci in A. jubatus raineyi, two allozyme polymorphisms were detected; one of these, for a nonspecific esterase, shows an allele that is rare (less than 1\% incidence) in south African specimens. Estimates of polymorphism (2-4\%) and average heterozygosity (0.0004-0.014) affirm the cheetah as the least genetically variable felid species. The genetic distance between south and east African cheetahs was low (0.004), suggesting that the development of genetic uniformity preceded the recent geographic isolation of the subspecies. We propose that at least two population bottlenecks followed by inbreeding produced the modern cheetah species. The first and most extreme was ancient, possibly late Pleistocene (circa 10,000 years ago); the second was more recent (within the last century) and led to the south African populations.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.84.2.508",
    doi = "10.1073/pnas.84.2.508",
    openalex = "W2020750594",
    references = "doi101001jama194102820440081034, doi101093genetics893583, doi101093oxfordjournalsjhereda107528, doi101126science2214609459, doi101126science2983425, doi1023072798599, doi1043249781315126470, doi1073260003481968613761, openalexw256791755, openalexw2982931797"
}

@article{doi101126science3616627,
    author = "Hedrick, Philip W.",
    title = "Genetic Bottlenecks",
    year = "1987",
    journal = "Science",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3616627",
    doi = "10.1126/science.3616627",
    openalex = "W4238863392",
    references = "doi101073pnas842508, doi101093genetics11441191, doi101126science2983425, doi101126science3823885, doi101126science3823886, lewin1987bottlenecked"
}

@article{doi101126science3823885,
    author = "Lewin, Roger",
    title = "The Surprising Genetics of Bottlenecked Flies",
    year = "1987",
    journal = "Science",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3823885",
    doi = "10.1126/science.3823885",
    openalex = "W1987461366"
}

@article{doi101126science3823886,
    author = "Lewin, Roger",
    title = "Bottlenecked Cheetahs",
    year = "1987",
    journal = "Science",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3823886",
    doi = "10.1126/science.3823886",
    openalex = "W4246919163",
    references = "doi101073pnas842508, doi101126science2983425"
}

@article{lewin1987bottlenecked,
    author = "Lewin, Roger",
    title = "Bottlenecked Cheetahs",
    year = "1987",
    journal = "Science",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3823886",
    doi = "10.1126/science.3823886",
    number = "4794",
    openalex = "W4246919163",
    pages = "1327-1327",
    volume = "235",
    references = "doi101073pnas842508, doi101126science2983425"
}

@misc{lewin1987bottlenecked1,
    author = "Lewin, R",
    title = "Bottlenecked Cheetahs",
    year = "1987",
    howpublished = "Science, v. 235, p. 1327",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Lewin, R., 1987, Bottlenecked Cheetahs: Science, v. 235, p. 1327.}"
}

@article{doi101073pnas9083172,
    author = "Menotti‐Raymond, Marilyn and O’Brien, Stephen J.",
    title = "Dating the genetic bottleneck of the African cheetah.",
    year = "1993",
    journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences",
    abstract = "The cheetah is unusual among fields in exhibiting near genetic uniformity at a variety of loci previously screened to measure population genetic diversity. It has been hypothesized that a demographic crash or population bottleneck in the recent history of the species is causal to the observed monomorphic profiles for nuclear coding loci. The timing of a bottleneck is difficult to assess, but certain aspects of the cheetah's natural history suggest it may have occurred near the end of the last ice age (late Pleistocene, approximately 10,000 years ago), when a remarkable extinction of large vertebrates occurred on several continents. To further define the timing of such a bottleneck, the character of genetic diversity for two rapidly evolving DNA sequences, mitochondrial DNA and hypervariable minisatellite loci, was examined. Moderate levels of genetic diversity were observed for both of these indices in surveys of two cheetah subspecies, one from South Africa and one from East Africa. Back calculation from the extent of accumulation of DNA diversity based on observed mutation rates for VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) loci and mitochondrial DNA supports a hypothesis of an ancient Pleistocene bottleneck that rendered the cheetah depauperate in genetic variation for nuclear coding loci but would allow sufficient time for partial reconstitution of more rapidly evolving genomic DNA segments.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.8.3172",
    doi = "10.1073/pnas.90.8.3172",
    openalex = "W2089955461",
    references = "doi1010160006320788900985, doi101073pnas8171991, doi101073pnas842508, doi101093genetics971145, doi101093oxfordjournalsjhereda110475, doi101126science21545381351, doi101126science2983425, doi1023073514548, doi107312nei92038, openalexw2982931797"
}

@article{doi101111j146979981994tb04855x,
    author = "Laurenson, M. Karen",
    title = "High juvenile mortality in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and its consequences for maternal care",
    year = "1994",
    journal = "Journal of Zoology",
    abstract = "Juvenile mortality in cheetahs was found to be extremely high compared to other large mammals, with approximately 72.2\% of litters dying before they emerged from the lair at eight weeks of age. An average of 83.3\% of cubs alive at emergence died by adolescence at 14 months of age, thus cheetah cubs were estimated to have only a 4.8\% chance of reaching independence at birth. The instantaneous rate of mortality was highest immediately after cubs emerged from the lair. Before emergence, lion predation was the major source of this mortality, although some cubs died from starvation after they were abandoned by their mothers, or as a result of grass fires and inclement weather. After emergence, predation again accounted for virtually all cub mortality, with lions and spotted hyaenas taking approximately the same proportion of cubs. Overall predation accounted for 73.2\% of cheetah cub deaths in this study, with 78.2\% of these being killed by lions. The extent of maternal care, in the form of vigilance and antipredator behaviour, mirrored cub susceptibility to mortality and, in the case of vigilance, possibly also starvation. The probability of a cheetah mother responding aggressively to a predator was found also to depend on the species of predator. This study highlights the importance of the influence of juvenile mortality on patterns of parental care.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb04855.x",
    doi = "10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb04855.x",
    openalex = "W2039549075",
    references = "durant1988migration"
}

@article{doi101046j1523173919959051327xi1,
    author = "Laurenson, M. Karen and Wielebnowski, Nadja and M., T.",
    title = "Extrinsic Factors and Juvenile Mortality in Cheetahs",
    year = "1995",
    journal = "Conservation Biology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9051327.x-i1",
    doi = "10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9051327.x-i1",
    openalex = "W2148426303",
    references = "doi101126science3616627"
}

@article{doi101046j1523173919959051329x,
    author = "Laurenson, M. Karen and Wielebnowski, Nadja and M, Thiru Chitrambalam",
    title = "Extrinsic Factors and Juvenile Mortality in Cheetahs",
    year = "1995",
    journal = "Conservation Biology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9051329.x",
    doi = "10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9051329.x",
    openalex = "W4236419778",
    references = "doi101126science3616627"
}

@article{laurenson1995controversial,
    author = "Laurenson, M. Karen and Caro, T. M. and Gros, P. and Wielebnowski, N.",
    title = "Controversial cheetahs?",
    year = "1995",
    journal = "Nature",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/377392a0",
    doi = "10.1038/377392a0",
    number = "6548",
    pages = "392-392",
    volume = "377"
}

@article{doi101002sici109823611996154353aidzoo130co2a,
    author = "Wielebnowski, Nadja",
    title = "Reassessing the relationship between juvenile mortality and genetic monomorphism in captive cheetahs",
    year = "1996",
    journal = "Zoo Biology",
    abstract = "Low levels of genetic heterozygosity are commonly considered a major threat to the survival of wild and captive populations. However, intense focus on genetic issues may obscure the importance of extrinsic factors influencing species' survival in wild and captive environments. A key example for this is the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), which is frequently cited as suffering from unusually high juvenile mortality and decreased fecundity in captivity due to genetic monomorphism at the species level. It has also been suggested that as a consequence of such extreme homozygosity, juvenile mortality rates of young from related vs. unrelated parents would not be expected to differ significantly. However, examination of current studbook data and breeding records of the North American captive population showed that juvenile mortality of young from related parents was significantly higher than that of young from unrelated parents, largely as a result of intrinsic causes, such as stillbirths and congenital defects, that may have a genetic basis. This indicates that in spite of the cheetah's homozygosity, effects of further inbreeding depression may still occur in the captive population, and deleterious recessive alleles are being segregated. Furthermore, juvenile mortality has declined over time and differs significantly among facilities, even when only young from unrelated parents are considered, suggesting that differences in management practices may be largely responsible for observed changes in mortality rate. Contrary to previous reports, cheetah juvenile mortality is not unusually high when compared to other captive-bred felids. In addition, cheetahs were found to have consistently higher litter sizes and the highest average number of surviving cubs per litter when compared to other captive-bred felid species. These findings cast doubt on the significance of overall homozygosity in this species for its juvenile survival and breeding performance and emphasize the key role of management practice in promoting breeding of endangered species. © 1996 Wiley-Liss. Inc.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2361(1996)15:4<353::aid-zoo1>3.0.co;2-a",
    doi = "10.1002/(sici)1098-2361(1996)15:4<353::aid-zoo1>3.0.co;2-a",
    openalex = "W2133408016",
    references = "doi101126science3616627"
}

@article{doi101046j15231739199610030897x,
    author = "Hedrick, Philip W.",
    title = "Bottleneck(s) or Metapopulation in Cheetahs",
    year = "1996",
    journal = "Conservation Biology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10030897.x",
    doi = "10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10030897.x",
    openalex = "W2028574732",
    references = "doi1010160040580977900454, doi101017s0016672300012994, doi101017s0016672300016037, doi101038hdy1994183, doi101093genetics1391457, doi101093genetics494725, doi101093oxfordjournalsmolbeva040727, doi101126science2214609459, doi101126science2983425, doi1023075542"
}

@article{doi101093genetics14442001,
    author = "Cornuet, J. M. and Luikart, Gordon",
    title = "Description and Power Analysis of Two Tests for Detecting Recent Population Bottlenecks From Allele Frequency Data",
    year = "1996",
    journal = "Genetics",
    abstract = "When a population experiences a reduction of its effective size, it generally develops a heterozygosity excess at selectively neutral loci, i.e., the heterozygosity computed from a sample of genes is larger than the heterozygosity expected from the number of alleles found in the sample if the population were at mutation drift equilibrium. The heterozygosity excess persists only a certain number of generations until a new equilibrium is established. Two statistical tests for detecting a heterozygosity excess are described. They require measurements of the number of alleles and heterozygosity at each of several loci from a population sample. The first test determines if the proportion of loci with heterozygosity excess is significantly larger than expected at equilibrium. The second test establishes if the average of standardized differences between observed and expected heterozygosities is significantly different from zero. Type I and II errors have been evaluated by computer simulations, varying sample size, number of loci, bottleneck size, time elapsed since the beginning of the bottleneck and level of variability of loci. These analyses show that the most useful markers for bottleneck detection are those evolving under the infinite allele model (IAM) and they provide guidelines for selecting sample sizes of individuals and loci. The usefulness of these tests for conservation biology is discussed.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/144.4.2001",
    doi = "10.1093/genetics/144.4.2001",
    openalex = "W2167464793",
    references = "doi1010160040580972900354, doi101017s0016672300012994, doi101073pnas842508, doi101073pnas9183166, doi101086285812, doi101093genetics1052437, doi101093genetics494725, doi101093oxfordjournalsmolbeva040727, doi101111j155856461975tb00807x, doi101146annurevge29120195001513, doi1023071941887, openalexw1546828436"
}

@article{doi101006jhev19980219,
    author = "Ambrose, Stanley H.",
    title = "Late Pleistocene human population bottlenecks, volcanic winter, and differentiation of modern humans",
    year = "1998",
    journal = "Journal of Human Evolution",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1998.0219",
    doi = "10.1006/jhev.1998.0219",
    openalex = "W2062056129",
    references = "doi101007978146849063314, doi1010160033589487900469, doi101038325031a0, doi101038364218a0, doi101073pnas842508, doi101093genetics1292555, doi101093oxfordjournalsmolbeva040727, doi101111j155856461975tb00807x, doi101126science27853411257, doi1023073037993, doi102307jctv301gjp, openalexw3135630760"
}

@article{doi101046j15231739199896388x,
    author = "Luikart, Gordon and Cornuet, Jean‐Marie",
    title = "Empirical Evaluation of a Test for Identifying Recently Bottlenecked Populations from Allele Frequency Data",
    year = "1998",
    journal = "Conservation Biology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96388.x",
    doi = "10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96388.x",
    openalex = "W4238467667",
    references = "doi101093genetics14442001, doi1023071941887"
}

@article{doi101093jhered893238,
    author = "Luikart, Gordon",
    title = "Distortion of allele frequency distributions provides a test for recent population bottlenecks",
    year = "1998",
    journal = "Journal of Heredity",
    abstract = "We use population genetics theory and computer simulations to demonstrate that population bottlenecks cause a characteristic mode-shift distortion in the distribution of allele frequencies at selectively neutral loci. Bottlenecks cause alleles at low frequency (.80) to detect an allele frequency distortion after a bottleneck of < or = 20 breeding individuals when 8 to 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci are analyzed.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/89.3.238",
    doi = "10.1093/jhered/89.3.238",
    openalex = "W2062584673",
    references = "doi101017s0016672300012994, doi1023071941887"
}

@article{doi101111j15231739199896388x,
    author = "Luikart, Gordon and Cornuet, Jean‐Marie",
    title = "Empirical Evaluation of a Test for Identifying Recently Bottlenecked Populations from Allele Frequency Data",
    year = "1998",
    journal = "Conservation Biology",
    abstract = "International audience",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.96388.x",
    doi = "10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.96388.x",
    openalex = "W2092963097",
    references = "doi101093genetics14442001, doi1023071941887"
}

@article{doi101093jhered904502,
    author = "Piry, Sylvain and Luikart, Gordon and Cornuet, J-M",
    title = "Computer note. BOTTLENECK: a computer program for detecting recent reductions in the effective size using allele frequency data",
    year = "1999",
    journal = "Journal of Heredity",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/90.4.502",
    doi = "10.1093/jhered/90.4.502",
    openalex = "W2077053002"
}

@article{doi101098rspb20011607,
    author = "Keller, Lukas F. and Jeffery, Kathryn J. and Arcese, Peter and Beaumont, Mark and Hochachka, Wesley M. and Smith, James N. and Bruford, Michael W.",
    title = "Immigration and the ephemerality of a natural population bottleneck: evidence from molecular markers",
    year = "2001",
    journal = "Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences",
    abstract = "Population bottlenecks are often invoked to explain low levels of genetic variation in natural populations, yet few studies have documented the direct genetic consequences of known bottlenecks in the wild. Empirical studies of natural population bottlenecks are therefore needed, because key assumptions of theoretical and laboratory studies of bottlenecks may not hold in the wild. Here we present microsatellite data from a severe bottleneck (95\% mortality) in an insular population of song sparrows (Melospiza melodia). The major findings of our study are as follows: (i) The bottleneck reduced heterozygosity and allelic diversity nearly to neutral expectations, despite non-random survival of birds with respect to inbreeding and wing length. (ii) All measures of genetic diversity regained pre-bottleneck levels within two to three years of the crash. This rapid recovery was due to low levels of immigration. (iii) The rapid recovery occurred despite a coincident, strong increase in average inbreeding. These results show that immigration at levels that are hard to measure in most field studies can lead to qualitatively very different genetic outcomes from those expected from mutations only. We suggest that future theoretical and empirical work on bottlenecks and metapopulations should address the impact of immigration.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2001.1607",
    doi = "10.1098/rspb.2001.1607",
    openalex = "W2135198859",
    references = "doi101073pnas9083172, doi101098rstb19980200"
}

@article{doi101093jheredesh018,
    author = "Weber, Diana S.",
    title = "Genetic Consequences of a Severe Population Bottleneck in the Guadalupe Fur Seal (Arctocephalus townsendi)",
    year = "2004",
    journal = "Journal of Heredity",
    abstract = "Population bottlenecks may lead to diminished genetic variability and correlative effects on fitness. The Guadalupe fur seal was nearly exterminated by commercial sealers during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. To determine the genetic consequences of this population bottleneck, we compared the variation at a 181 bp section of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region from the bones of 26 prebottleneck fur seals versus variation in the extant population. We found 25 different mtDNA genotypes in the prebottleneck fur seals and only 7 genotypes among 32 extant fur seals, including only one of the ancient genotypes. These data demonstrate a substantial loss of genetic variability correlating with the recent population bottleneck. We also found from several genetic measures that the prehistoric population of Guadalupe fur seals was robust and that it had been increasing at some time during the late prehistoric period. Continued recovery of this species may, however, owe more to more immediate nongenetic factors, such as poaching and local availability of food resources during the breeding season and consequent effects on pup survival, than on the reduced genetic variability.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esh018",
    doi = "10.1093/jhered/esh018",
    openalex = "W2135161425",
    references = "doi101046j15231739199610030897x, doi101093bioinformatics152174, doi101093genetics1472915, doi101093genetics15231079, doi101093nar25244876, doi101111j155856461975tb00807x, doi1023072531471, doi107312nei92038, openalexw163498145, openalexw2096711345, openalexw3217097258"
}

@article{doi101128jvi781910582105872004,
    author = "Li, Hongye and Roossinck, Marilyn J.",
    title = "Genetic Bottlenecks Reduce Population Variation in an Experimental RNA Virus Population",
    year = "2004",
    journal = "Journal of Virology",
    abstract = "Genetic bottlenecks are stochastic events that limit genetic variation in a population and result in founding populations that can lead to genetic drift. Evidence of past genetic bottlenecks in numerous biological systems, from mammals to viruses, has been described. In this study, we used an artificial population of Cucumber mosaic virus consisting of 12 restriction enzyme marker-bearing mutants. This population was inoculated onto young leaves of tobacco plants and monitored throughout the course of systemic infection. We show here that the genetic variation in a defined population of an RNA virus is significantly, stochastically, and reproducibly reduced during the systemic infection process, providing clear evidence of a genetic bottleneck.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.19.10582-10587.2004",
    doi = "10.1128/jvi.78.19.10582-10587.2004",
    openalex = "W2032028701",
    references = "doi101098rstb19980200"
}

@article{doi101007s1059200590095,
    author = "Williamson-Natesan, Ellen G.",
    title = "Comparison of methods for detecting bottlenecks from microsatellite loci",
    year = "2005",
    journal = "Conservation Genetics",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-005-9009-5",
    doi = "10.1007/s10592-005-9009-5",
    openalex = "W2003796868",
    references = "doi101111j146917951998tb00040x"
}

@incollection{crossref2007north,
    title = "North American Cheetahs",
    year = "2007",
    booktitle = "Deep Alberta",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1515/9780888648518-022",
    doi = "10.1515/9780888648518-022",
    pages = "38-40"
}

@article{doi101098rspb20122228,
    author = "Heber, Sol and Varsani, Arvind and Kühn, Stefanie and Girg, Alexander and Kempenaers, Bart and Briskie, James V.",
    title = "The genetic rescue of two bottlenecked South Island robin populations using translocations of inbred donors",
    year = "2012",
    journal = "Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences",
    abstract = "Populations forced through bottlenecks typically lose genetic variation and exhibit inbreeding depression. 'Genetic rescue' techniques that introduce individuals from outbred populations can be highly effective in reversing the deleterious effects of inbreeding, but have limited application for the majority of endangered species, which survive only in a few bottlenecked populations. We tested the effectiveness of using highly inbred populations as donors to rescue two isolated and bottlenecked populations of the South Island robin (Petroica australis). Reciprocal translocations significantly increased heterozygosity and allelic diversity. Increased genetic diversity was accompanied by increased juvenile survival and recruitment, sperm quality, and immunocompetence of hybrid individuals (crosses between the two populations) compared with inbred control individuals (crosses within each population). Our results confirm that the implementation of 'genetic rescue' using bottlenecked populations as donors provides a way of preserving endangered species and restoring their viability when outbred donor populations no longer exist.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2228",
    doi = "10.1098/rspb.2012.2228",
    openalex = "W2137555103",
    references = "doi101098rspb19980288"
}

@article{das2017cheetahs,
    author = "Das, Biplab",
    title = "Cheetahs marching towards extinction",
    year = "2017",
    journal = "Nature Middle East",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmiddleeast.2017.12",
    doi = "10.1038/nmiddleeast.2017.12"
}

@article{illing2018cheetahs,
    author = "Illing, Björn",
    title = "Cheetahs cannot fool biologgers",
    year = "2018",
    journal = "Conservation Physiology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coy063",
    doi = "10.1093/conphys/coy063",
    number = "1",
    volume = "6"
}

@article{learn2018tinder,
    author = "Learn, Joshua Rapp",
    title = "Tinder for Cheetahs",
    year = "2018",
    journal = "Scientific American",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1018-21",
    doi = "10.1038/scientificamerican1018-21",
    number = "4",
    pages = "21",
    volume = "319"
}

@misc{frey2023ecology,
    author = "Frey, Erzsebet",
    title = "Ecology of Cheetahs",
    year = "2023",
    abstract = "Topics covered: I. Background on CheetahImportance of studying cheetah ecology II. Habitat and Distribution Range of cheetahs Habitat requirements Factors affecting habitat suitability III. Diet and Hunting Behavior Prey selection Hunting tactics Competition with other predators IV. Reproduction and Life CycleMating behavior Gestation and birth Development and growth V. Population Dynamics and Conservation VI. Human-Cheetah Interactions VII.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.59350/jshb2-20925",
    doi = "10.59350/jshb2-20925"
}

@misc{frey2024are,
    author = "Frey, Erzsebet",
    title = "Are Cheetahs Dangerous? Do Cheetahs Attack Humans?",
    year = "2024",
    abstract = "Nurture your curiosity about cheetahs\&\#39; interactions with humans and uncover the surprising truths that challenge common perceptions.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.59350/t88wx-a7h49",
    doi = "10.59350/t88wx-a7h49"
}