@article{doi101130001676061972833795mrsitu20co2,
    author = "Reeve, Scott C. and Helsley, Charles E.",
    title = "Magnetic Reversal Sequence in the Upper Portion of the Chinle Formation, Montoya, New Mexico",
    year = "1972",
    journal = "Geological Society of America Bulletin",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[3795:mrsitu]2.0.co;2",
    doi = "10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[3795:mrsitu]2.0.co;2",
    openalex = "W2009872858"
}

@article{doi103133pp690,
    author = "Stewart, John H. and Poole, Forrest G. and Wilson, Richard Farifield and Cadigan, Robert Allen and Thordarson, William and Albee, Howard F.",
    title = "Stratigraphy and origin of the Chinle Formation and related Upper Triassic strata in the Colorado Plateau region, with a section on sedimentary petrology and a section on conglomerate studies",
    year = "1972",
    journal = "USGS professional paper",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.3133/pp690",
    doi = "10.3133/pp690",
    openalex = "W101642305"
}

@article{openalexw1504637003,
    author = "Blakey, Ronald C. and Gubitosa, Richard",
    title = "Late Triassic Paleogeography and Depositional History of the Chinle Formation, Southern Utah and Northern Arizona",
    year = "1983",
    abstract = "Abstract Detailed lithosome analysis of the continental Upper Triassic Chinle Formation in southern Utah and northern Arizona documents a complex origin by alternating fluvial and lacustrine depositional systems. Chinle sedimentation occurred in an enclosed continental basin on the cratonic edge adjacent to an evolving back-arc basin. Six depositional phases are responsible for three fining-upwards cycles. We define phase as a characteristic depositional system that was dominant during a non-quantitative period of time. 1) The lower cycle comprises the lower fluvial phase and lower paludal phase; 2) the middle cycle comprises the middle fluvial phase, the middle paludal phase; and the upper fluvial-lacustrine phase; 3) the upper cycle comprises the upper fluvial phase. The lower fluvial phase which consists of the Shinarump Member was deposited by braided streams in confined paleovalleys and on open alluvial plains. The lower paludal phase comprises the Monitor Butte Member and was deposited in a paludal complex with braided and meandering streams, lakes, and swamps under the influence of large influxes of volcanic ash. The middle fluvial phase is represented by the type Moss Back Member and was deposited by braided streams in a broad open paleovalley that trended northwest across southeastern Utah. The middle paludal phase includes the Petrified Forest Member and the lower part of the Kane Springs strata of the Moss Back Member. Conditions similar to those of the Monitor Butte Member prevailed over most of the area. Near Moab, Utah tectonics associated with the unstable Salt Anticline region resulted in complex fluvial deposition. The upper fluvial-lacustrine phase which consists of the Owl Rock Member and upper portion of the Kane Springs strata was deposited by widespread cyclic lacustrine systems. Streams in the Salt Anticline region built fan-deltas into the Owl Rock lakes. The Church Rock Member was deposited during the upper fluvial phase when a variety of streams deposited sand and silt during a period of increasing aridity. Dunes of the overlying Wingate Sandstone encroached on the region from the northwest and eventually buried deposits of the Chinle Formation.",
    url = "https://openalex.org/W1504637003",
    openalex = "W1504637003"
}

@article{doi1010160037073884900745,
    author = "Blakey, Ronald C. and Gubitosa, Richard",
    title = "Controls of sandstone body geometry and architecture in the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic), Colorado Plateau",
    year = "1984",
    journal = "Sedimentary Geology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(84)90074-5",
    doi = "10.1016/0037-0738(84)90074-5",
    openalex = "W2075992945",
    references = "doi101016001282527990059x, doi1010160037073869900104, doi1010160037073878900027, doi101111j136530911970tb00184x, doi101111j136530911978tb00323x, doi101111j136530911979tb00935x, doi101144gsjgs13610039, doi102110scn8209, openalexw1539070761, openalexw1912927042"
}

@article{doi1010160034666785900302,
    author = "Litwin, Ronald J.",
    title = "Fertile organs and in situ spores of ferns from the late Triassic Chinle Formation of Arizona and New Mexico, with discussion of the associated dispersed spores",
    year = "1985",
    journal = "Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(85)90030-2",
    doi = "10.1016/0034-6667(85)90030-2",
    openalex = "W2040533474",
    references = "doi1023071292723, doi1023072482648, doi1023073241484, doi105962bhltitle61674, openalexw1517347070, openalexw2588912730, openalexw3013888078, openalexw3024879171, openalexw3200669176, openalexw637805076"
}

@article{doi10113000917613198614567ltpots20co2,
    author = "Stewart, John H. and Anderson, Thomas H. and Haxel, Gordon B. and Silver, Leon T. and Wright, James E.",
    title = "Late Triassic paleogeography of the southern Cordillera: The problem of a source for voluminous volcanic detritus in the Chinle Formation of the Colorado Plateau region",
    year = "1986",
    journal = "Geology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<567:ltpots>2.0.co;2",
    doi = "10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<567:ltpots>2.0.co;2",
    openalex = "W2009175072"
}

@incollection{padian1986on1,
    author = "Padian, K",
    editor = "Padian, K.",
    title = "On the type material of Coelophysis Cope (Saurischia: Theropoda) and a new specimen from the Petrified Forest of Arizona (Late Triassic: Chinle Formation)",
    year = "1986",
    booktitle = "The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs",
    publisher = "Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 40-60",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Padian, K., 1986, On the type material of Coelophysis Cope (Saurischia: Theropoda) and a new specimen from the Petrified Forest of Arizona (Late Triassic: Chinle Formation), in Padian, K., ed., The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 40-60.}"
}

@article{padian1990the,
    author = "Padian, Kevin",
    title = "The ornithischian form genus Revueltosaurus from the Petrified Forest of Arizona (Late Triassic: Norian; Chinle Formation)",
    year = "1990",
    journal = "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1990.10011813",
    doi = "10.1080/02724634.1990.10011813",
    number = "2",
    openalex = "W2042061394",
    pages = "268-269",
    volume = "10",
    references = "doi101007bf00377897, openalexw2310875238, openalexw606525048, openalexw653009579"
}

@article{doi1010160034666791900282,
    author = "Litwin, Ronald J. and Traverse, Alfred and Ash, Sidney R.",
    title = "Preliminary palynological zonation of the Chinle formation, southwestern U.S.A., and its correlation to the Newark supergroup (eastern U.S.A.)",
    year = "1991",
    journal = "Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(91)90028-2",
    doi = "10.1016/0034-6667(91)90028-2",
    openalex = "W1970514942",
    references = "doi1010160031018282900347, doi1010160034666776900531, doi1010160034666777900070, doi1010160034666778900076, doi1010160034666780900226, doi1010160034666781900695, doi1010160034666783900167, doi1010160034666785900302, doi1010160034666788900929, openalexw1606596843, openalexw2505624660, openalexw2974033688, openalexw606525048"
}

@article{doi10102991jb00336,
    author = "Bazard, David R. and Butler, Robert F.",
    title = "Paleomagnetism of the Chinle and Kayenta Formations, New Mexico and Arizona",
    year = "1991",
    journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres",
    abstract = "Paleomagnetic data were obtained from 22 sites (6–10 samples/site) in the Upper Shale Member of the Chinle Formation, 43 sites in the Owl Rock Member of the Chinle Formation, and 35 sites in the Kayenta Formation. Thermal demagnetization and data analyses indicate that within‐site dispersion is an important criterion for selecting sites which retain a high unblocking temperature characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM). Site‐mean directions define at least four antipodal polarity zones within each member/formation, suggesting the ChRM was acquired soon after deposition. Fifteen site‐mean virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) from the Upper Shale Member of the Chinle Formation yield an early Norian paleomagnetic pole position of 57.4°N, 87.8°E (K = 60, A 95 = 5.0°). Eighteen site‐mean VGPs from the Owl Rock Member of the Chinle Formation yield a middle Norian paleomagnetic pole position of 56.5°N, 66.4°E (K = 183, A 95 = 2.6°). Twenty‐three site‐mean VGPs from the Kayenta Formation yield a Pliensbachian pole position of 59.0°N, 66.6°E (K = 155, A 95 = 2.4°). Combined with paleomagnetic poles from the Moenave Formation and the Shinarump Member of the Chinle Formation, these data record ∼30 m.y. of North American apparent polar wander (APW) within a regional stratigraphic succession. During the Camian and Norian stages of the Late Triassic, Chinle poles progress westward. During the Hettangian through Pliensbachian stages of the Early Jurassic, the pattern of APW changed to an eastward progression. Even after correction for 4° clockwise rotation of the Colorado Plateau, a sharp comer in the APW path (J1 cusp) is resolved near the pole from the Hettangian/Sinemurian (∼200 Ma) Moenave Formation (59.4°N, 59.2°E). Amongst other implications, the sharp change in the APW path at the J1 cusp implies an abrupt change from counterclockwise rotation of Pangea prior to 200 Ma to clockwise rotation thereafter.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1029/91jb00336",
    doi = "10.1029/91jb00336",
    openalex = "W2058920751",
    references = "doi101029rg004i004p00509, doi101038270304a0, doi101038297391a0, doi101038332695a0, doi101098rspa19530064, doi101111j1365246x1980tb02601x, doi101111j1365246x1981tb02729x, doi10113000917613198311503tdonag20co2, doi1023073514751, openalexw2989049194"
}

@article{doi1023073514963,
    author = "Dubiel, Russell F. and Parrish, Judith Totman and Parrish, J. Michael and Good, Steven C.",
    title = "The Pangaean Megamonsoon: Evidence from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, Colorado Plateau",
    year = "1991",
    journal = "Palaios",
    abstract = "The Upper Triassic Chinle Formation was deposited at an exceptional time in Earth's paleogeographic and paleoclimatic history. During the Triassic, the supercontinent Pangaea was at its greatest size, in terms of both aggregated continental crust and exposed land area. Moreover, the exposed land was divided symmetrically about the paleoequator between the northern and south- ern hemispheres. These conditions were ideal for maximizing monsoonal circulation, as predicted from paleoclimate models. The Chinle was deposited between about 5° to 15° N paleolatitude in the western equatorial region of Pangaea, a key area for documenting the effects of the monsoonal climate. This study summarizes sedimentologic and paleontologic data from the Chinle Formation on the Colorado Plateau and integrates that data with paleoclimatic models. The evidence for abundant moisture and seasonality attest to the reversal of equatorial flow and support the hypothesis that the Triassic Pangaean climate was dominated by monsoonal circulation.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/3514963",
    doi = "10.2307/3514963",
    openalex = "W1968621442",
    references = "doi1010160031018282900840, doi101029jd094id03p03341, doi101029tc001i002p00179, doi101029tc002i002p00139, doi101038228657a0, doi101086628416, doi10113000917613198614567ltpots20co2, doi1011751520046919750321515tromit20co2, doi102110scn8415, doi1023071550667, openalexw1606596843, openalexw2222103683"
}

@article{hasiotis1995termite,
    author = "Hasiotis, Stephen T. and Dubiel, Russell F.",
    title = "Termite (Insecta: Isoptera) nest ichnofossils from the upper triassic chinle formation, petrified forest national park, Arizona",
    year = "1995",
    journal = "Ichnos",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/10420949509380119",
    doi = "10.1080/10420949509380119",
    number = "2",
    openalex = "W1992264932",
    pages = "119-130",
    volume = "4",
    references = "doi101007bf02027536, doi1010160012825272900724, doi1010160016706181900082, doi101038scientificamerican109242, doi10108010420949309380104, doi101086273307, doi101126science11536548, openalexw1725516486, openalexw1832764887, openalexw606525048"
}

@article{fiorillo2000taphonomy,
    author = "FIORILLO, A. R. and PADIAN, K. and MUSIKASINTHORN, C.",
    title = "Taphonomy and Depositional Setting of the Placerias Quarry (Chinle Formation: Late Triassic, Arizona)",
    year = "2000",
    journal = "PALAIOS",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1669/0883-1351(2000)015<0373:tadsot>2.0.co;2",
    doi = "10.1669/0883-1351(2000)015<0373:tadsot>2.0.co;2",
    number = "5",
    openalex = "W2175940881",
    pages = "373-386",
    volume = "15",
    references = "doi1010160305440388900817, doi101017s0094837300005820, doi101038319768a0, doi101086273307, doi101098rstb19850092, doi102307279863, doi1023073889096, doi102307622963, openalexw1996683265, openalexw2764433274"
}

@article{therrien2000paleoenviromnents,
    author = "Therrien, Francois and Fastovsky, David E.",
    title = "Paleoenviromnents of Early Theropods, Chinle Formation (Late Triassic), Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona",
    year = "2000",
    journal = "PALAIOS",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/3515642",
    doi = "10.2307/3515642",
    number = "3",
    openalex = "W4241374256",
    pages = "194",
    volume = "15"
}

@article{therrien2000paleoenvironments,
    author = "THERRIEN, F. and FASTOVSKY, D. E.",
    title = "Paleoenvironments of Early Theropods, Chinle Formation (Late Triassic), Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona",
    year = "2000",
    journal = "PALAIOS",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1669/0883-1351(2000)015<0194:poetcf>2.0.co;2",
    doi = "10.1669/0883-1351(2000)015<0194:poetcf>2.0.co;2",
    number = "3",
    openalex = "W2163773073",
    pages = "194-211",
    volume = "15",
    references = "doi1010970001069419480200000020, doi1010970001069419780500000019, doi101111j136530911965tb01561x, doi101111j136530911978tb00323x, doi101201b10158, doi1023073514751, doi102307622963, murry1990stratigraphy, openalexw1563966065, openalexw1996683265, openalexw2912219260"
}

@article{doi101098rspb20043047,
    author = "Parker, William G. and Irmis, Randall B. and Nesbitt, Sterling J. and Martz, Jeffrey W. and Browne, Lori S",
    title = "The Late Triassic pseudosuchian Revueltosaurus callenderi and its implications for the diversity of early ornithischian dinosaurs",
    year = "2005",
    journal = "Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences",
    abstract = "A new discovery of skeletons of Revueltosaurus callenderi from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona clearly shows that Revueltosaurus is not an ornithischian dinosaur as previously supposed. Features such as the presence of a postfrontal, crocodile-normal ankle and paramedian osteoderms with anterior bars place R. callenderi within the Pseudosuchia, closer to crocodylomorphs than to dinosaurs. Therefore, dental characters previously used to place Revueltosaurus within the Ornithischia evolved convergently among other archosaur taxa, and cannot be used to diagnose ornithischian dinosaur teeth. As a result, all other putative North American Late Triassic ornithischians, which are all based exclusively on teeth, are cast into doubt. The only reasonably well-confirmed Late Triassic ornithischians worldwide are Pisanosaurus mertii and an unnamed heterodontosaurid from Argentina. This considerably changes the understanding of early dinosaur diversity, distribution and evolution in the Late Triassic.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.3047",
    doi = "10.1098/rspb.2004.3047",
    openalex = "W2169644524",
    references = "doi101016s0031018298001175, doi10103835016061, doi10108002724634199110011386, doi10108002724634199110011426, doi10108002724634199410011523, doi101671a1097, doi1023071005355, doi105281zenodo16171435, doi105860choice331556, openalexw2242116350, padian1990the"
}

@article{doi101017s1477201907002040,
    author = "Nesbitt, Sterling J. and Irmis, Randall B. and Parker, William G.",
    title = "A critical re‐evaluation of the Late Triassic dinosaur taxa of North America",
    year = "2007",
    journal = "Journal of Systematic Palaeontology",
    abstract = "Synopsis The North American Triassic dinosaur record has been repeatedly cited as one of the most complete early dinosaur assemblages. The discovery of Silesaurus from Poland and the recognition that Herrerasaurus and Eoraptor may not be theropods have forced a re‐evaluation of saurischian and theropod synapomorphies. Here, we re‐evaluate each purported Triassic dinosaur from North America on a specimen by specimen basis using an apomorphy‐based approach. We attempt to assign specimens to the most exclusive taxon possible. Our revision of purported Late Triassic dinosaur material from North America indicates that dinosaurs were rarer and less diverse in these strata than previously thought. This analysis concludes that non‐dinosaurian dinosauriforms were present in North America in the Late Triassic. Most of the proposed theropod specimens are fragmentary and/or indistinguishable from corresponding elements in the only well‐known Triassic theropod of North America, Coelophysis bauri. No Triassic material from North America can be assigned to Sauropodomorpha, because none of the purported ‘prosauropod’ material is diagnostic. Recent discovery of the skull and skeleton of Revueltosaurus callenderi from Arizona shows that it is a pseudosuchian archosaur, not an ornithischian dinosaur. As a result, other purported North American ornithischian teeth cannot be assigned to the Ornithischia and therefore, there are no confirmed North American Triassic ornithischians. Non‐tetanuran theropods and possible basal saurischians are the only identifiable dinosaurs recognised in North America until the beginning of the Jurassic Period.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1477201907002040",
    doi = "10.1017/s1477201907002040",
    openalex = "W2002503490",
    references = "chatterjee2013a, crossref1976allosaurus, crossref1998encyclopedia, doi101007bf00377897, doi101016s001669959880123x, doi101017cbo9780511608377010, doi10108002724634199110011426, doi10108002724634199710011027, doi10108002724634199810011086, doi10108002724634199910011124, doi10108002724634199910011178, doi101093auk12041206, doi101111j150239311985tb00690x, doi101126science2562999, doi101126science28454232137, doi1023071441916, doi1034191b109, doi105281zenodo16171435, doi105860choice353642, doi105962bhltitle54054, doi10718895fylantbak30806570, lucas2001theropod, openalexw2912219260, openalexw3210282143"
}

@article{doi101111j10963642200900631x,
    author = "Butler, Richard J.",
    title = "The anatomy of the basal ornithischian dinosaur Eocursor parvus from the lower Elliot Formation (Late Triassic) of South Africa",
    year = "2009",
    journal = "Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society",
    abstract = "Ornithischia is a morphologically and taxonomically diverse clade of dinosaurs that originated during the Late Triassic and were the dominant large-bodied herbivores in many Cretaceous ecosystems. The early evolution of ornithischian dinosaurs is poorly understood, as a result in part of a paucity of fossil specimens, particularly during the Triassic. The most complete Triassic ornithischian dinosaur yet discovered is Eocursor parvus from the lower Elliot Formation (Late Triassic: Norian-Rhaetian) of Free State, South Africa, represented by a partial skull and relatively complete postcranial skeleton. Here, the anatomy of Eocursor is described in detail for the first time, and detailed comparisons are provided to other basal ornithischian taxa. Eocursor is a small-bodied taxon (approximately 1 m in length) that possesses a plesiomorphic dentition consisting of unworn leaf-shaped crowns, a proportionally large manus with similarities to heterodontosaurids, a pelvis that contains an intriguing mix of plesiomorphic and derived character states, and elongate distal hindlimbs suggesting well-developed cursorial ability. The ontogenetic status of the holotype material is uncertain. Eocursor may represent the sister taxon to Genasauria, the clade that includes most of ornithischian diversity, although this phylogenetic position is partially dependent upon the uncertain phylogenetic position of the enigmatic and controversial clade Heterodontosauridae.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00631.x",
    doi = "10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00631.x",
    openalex = "W1944447591",
    references = "doi10100797836426953391, doi101007bf00377897, doi101017s1477201907002271, doi10108002724634199610011283, doi10108002724634199910011178, doi101098rspl18870117, doi101126science28454232137, doi101146annurevearth251435, doi1015468gbdyof, doi1023073514751, doi105860choice353642, godefroit2003late, openalexw3215057009, padian1990the"
}

@article{doi101017s1755691011020020,
    author = "Parker, William G. and Martz, Jeffrey W.",
    title = "The Late Triassic (Norian) Adamanian–Revueltian tetrapod faunal transition in the Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona",
    year = "2010",
    journal = "Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh",
    abstract = "ABSTRACT Recent stratigraphic revisions of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park, in conjunction with precise and accurate documentation of fossil tetrapod occurrences, clarified the local biostratigraphy, with regional and global implications. A significant overlap between Adamanian and Revueltian faunas is rejected, as is the validity of the Lamyan sub-land vertebrate faunachron. The Adamanian–Revueltian boundary can be precisely placed within the lower Jim Camp Wash beds of the Sonsela Member and thus does not occur at the hypothesised Tr-4 unconformity. This mid-Norian faunal turnover, may coincide with a floral turnover, based on palynology studies and also on sedimentological evidence of increasing aridity. Available age constraints bracketing the turnover horizon are consistent with the age of the Manicouagan impact event. The rise of dinosaurs in western North America did not correspond to the Adamanian–Revueltian transition, and overall dinosauromorph diversity seems to have remained at a constant level across it. The paucity of detailed Late Triassic vertebrate biostratigraphic data and radioisotopic dates makes it currently impossible to either support or reject the existence of globally synchronous Late Triassic extinctions for tetrapods.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755691011020020",
    doi = "10.1017/s1755691011020020",
    openalex = "W2124474386"
}

@article{doi101371journalpone0009329,
    author = "Martz, Jeffrey W. and Parker, William G.",
    title = "Revised Lithostratigraphy of the Sonsela Member (Chinle Formation, Upper Triassic) in the Southern Part of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona",
    year = "2010",
    journal = "PLoS ONE",
    abstract = {BACKGROUND: Recent revisions to the Sonsela Member of the Chinle Formation in Petrified Forest National Park have presented a three-part lithostratigraphic model based on unconventional correlations of sandstone beds. As a vertebrate faunal transition is recorded within this stratigraphic interval, these correlations, and the purported existence of a depositional hiatus (the Tr-4 unconformity) at about the same level, must be carefully re-examined. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Our investigations demonstrate the neglected necessity of walking out contacts and mapping when constructing lithostratigraphic models, and providing UTM coordinates and labeled photographs for all measured sections. We correct correlation errors within the Sonsela Member, demonstrate that there are multiple Flattops One sandstones, all of which are higher than the traditional Sonsela sandstone bed, that the Sonsela sandstone bed and Rainbow Forest Bed are equivalent, that the Rainbow Forest Bed is higher than the sandstones at the base of Blue Mesa and Agate Mesa, that strata formerly assigned to the Jim Camp Wash beds occur at two stratigraphic levels, and that there are multiple persistent silcrete horizons within the Sonsela Member. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We present a revised five-part model for the Sonsela Member. The units from lowest to highest are: the Camp Butte beds, Lot's Wife beds, Jasper Forest bed (the Sonsela sandstone)/Rainbow Forest Bed, Jim Camp Wash beds, and Martha's Butte beds (including the Flattops One sandstones). Although there are numerous degradational/aggradational cycles within the Chinle Formation, a single unconformable horizon within or at the base of the Sonsela Member that can be traced across the entire western United States (the "Tr-4 unconformity") probably does not exist. The shift from relatively humid and poorly-drained to arid and well-drained climatic conditions began during deposition of the Sonsela Member (low in the Jim Camp Wash beds), well after the Carnian-Norian transition.},
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009329",
    doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0009329",
    openalex = "W2036432638",
    references = "doi1010160037073888900504, doi1010160037073888900565, doi101016s0031018298001175, doi101017cbo9780511536045, doi10102991jb00336, doi101029jd094id03p03341, doi101130b253261, doi101130g22967a1, doi101306212f8bb12b2411d78648000102c1865d, doi103133pp521b, murry1990stratigraphy, openalexw2912219260, openalexw3210282143, openalexw606525048, therrien2000paleoenvironments"
}

@article{parker2010the,
    author = "Parker, William G. and Martz, Jeffrey W.",
    title = "The Late Triassic (Norian) Adamanian–Revueltian tetrapod faunal transition in the Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona",
    year = "2010",
    journal = "Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh",
    abstract = "Recent stratigraphic revisions of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park, in conjunction with precise and accurate documentation of fossil tetrapod occurrences, clarified the local biostratigraphy, with regional and global implications. A significant overlap between Adamanian and Revueltian faunas is rejected, as is the validity of the Lamyan sub-land vertebrate faunachron. The Adamanian–Revueltian boundary can be precisely placed within the lower Jim Camp Wash beds of the Sonsela Member and thus does not occur at the hypothesised Tr-4 unconformity. This mid-Norian faunal turnover, may coincide with a floral turnover, based on palynology studies and also on sedimentological evidence of increasing aridity. Available age constraints bracketing the turnover horizon are consistent with the age of the Manicouagan impact event. The rise of dinosaurs in western North America did not correspond to the Adamanian–Revueltian transition, and overall dinosauromorph diversity seems to have remained at a constant level across it. The paucity of detailed Late Triassic vertebrate biostratigraphic data and radioisotopic dates makes it currently impossible to either support or reject the existence of globally synchronous Late Triassic extinctions for tetrapods.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755691011020020",
    doi = "10.1017/s1755691011020020",
    number = "3-4",
    openalex = "W2124474386",
    pages = "231-260",
    volume = "101"
}

@article{doi101016jepsl201107015,
    author = "Irmis, Randall B. and Mundil, Roland and Martz, Jeffrey W. and Parker, William G.",
    title = "High-resolution U–Pb ages from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation (New Mexico, USA) support a diachronous rise of dinosaurs",
    year = "2011",
    journal = "Earth and Planetary Science Letters",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.07.015",
    doi = "10.1016/j.epsl.2011.07.015",
    openalex = "W2037559770",
    references = "doi101007bf01134434, doi1010160034666791900282, doi101016jchemgeo200503011, doi101016jepsl200909013, doi101016jgca200511032, doi101016jgca201006017, doi101016s001669959880123x, doi101016s0031018298001175, doi101017cbo9780511536045, doi101017s1755691011020020, doi101017s1755691011020032, doi101098rspb20043047, doi101126science1097023, doi101126science1101012, doi101126science1198467, doi1011300091761320020300251tameat20co2, doi101130g306831, doi101144sp33415, doi101371journalpone0009329, doi1016710390290218, doi103133pp690, doi1056577ffc56302, openalexw1504637003, parker2010the, riggs2003isotopic"
}

@article{doi101130b304331,
    author = "Ramezani, Jahandar and Hoke, Gregory D. and Fastovsky, David E. and Bowring, Samuel A. and Therrien, François and Dworkin, S. I. and Atchley, Stacy C. and Nordt, Lee C.",
    title = "High-precision U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Late Triassic Chinle Formation, Petrified Forest National Park (Arizona, USA): Temporal constraints on the early evolution of dinosaurs",
    year = "2011",
    journal = "Geological Society of America Bulletin",
    abstract = "The Triassic successions of the Colorado Plateau preserve an important record of vertebrate evolution and climate change, but correlations to a global Triassic framework are hampered by a lack of geochronological control. Tuffaceous sandstones and siltstones were collected from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation exposed in the Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, USA, within a refined stratigraphic context of 31 detailed measured sections. U-Pb analyses by the isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) method constrain maximum depositional ages for nine tuffaceous beds and provide new insights into the depositional history of the Chinle fluvial system. The base of the Blue Mesa Member of the Chinle Formation is placed at ca. 225 Ma, and the top of the Petrified Forest Member is placed at 208 Ma or younger, bracketing an ̃280-m-thick section that spans nearly the entire Norian Stage of the Late Triassic. Estimated sediment accumulation rates throughout the section reflect extensive hiatuses and/ or sediment removal by channel erosion. The new geochronology for the Chinle Formation underscores the potential pitfalls of correlation of fluvial units based solely on lithostratigraphic criteria. A mid-Norian age (ca. 219-213 Ma) for the distinctive Sonsela conglomeratic sandstone bed constrains the Adamanian-Revueltian land vertebrate faunachron boundary. Our new data permit a significant time overlap between the lower Chinle sequence and the dinosauromorphrich Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina. Near-contemporaneity of the trans-American deposits and their faunal similarities imply that early dinosaur evolution occurred rapidly across the Americas. © 2011 Geological Society of America.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/b30433.1",
    doi = "10.1130/b30433.1",
    openalex = "W2057937776",
    references = "doi1010160034666791900282, doi101016jchemgeo200503011, doi101016jepsl200909013, doi101016s0016703799002045, doi101016s0031018298001175, doi101017cbo9780511536045, doi10102991jb00336, doi101111j1469185x200900094x, doi101126science1101012, doi101126science1154339, doi101126science1198467, doi10113000917613198614567ltpots20co2, doi101130g306831, doi101144sp33415, doi101371journalpone0009329, doi102110jsr2008088, doi1023073514678, doi103133pp521b, doi103133pp644e, doi103133pp690, nesbitt2009a, openalexw1504637003, riggs2003isotopic, therrien2000paleoenvironments"
}

@article{doi101080027246342012694591,
    author = "Romilio, Anthony and Tucker, Ryan T. and Salisbury, Steven W.",
    title = "Reevaluation of the Lark Quarry dinosaur Tracksite (late Albian–Cenomanian Winton Formation, central-western Queensland, Australia): no longer a stampede?",
    year = "2013",
    journal = "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology",
    abstract = "ABSTRACT The Lark Quarry dinosaur tracksite has previously been recognized as recording the stampede of a mixed herd of dozens of small theropod and ornithopod dinosaurs. A reexamination of trackway material reveals that the small theropod-type tracks, previously assigned to the ichnotaxon Skartopus, can co-occur within individual trackways of the ornithopod-type tracks assigned to Wintonopus. Moreover, in singular deep tracks where the overall surface outline resembles Skartopus, the base of the track can also resemble Wintonopus. Whereas the Wintonopus holotype may reflect the pedal anatomy of a short-toed or subunguligrade ornithopod trackmaker, the elongate ‘toe’ impressions typically associated with Skartopus (including the holotype) primarily provide information on digit movement through the sediment and, in many instances, may represent swim traces. The morphological differences between the two ichnotaxa are therefore not taxonomically significant and we formally propose that Skartopus australis should be considered a junior synonym of Wintonopus latomorum. Longitudinal depth profiles through tracks indicate that many are swim traces. The sedimentology and lithology of Lark Quarry further indicates the site represents a time-averaged assemblage formed in a fluvial-dominated floodplain under variable subaqueous conditions, with the parallel orientation of the numerous trackways formed by trackmakers under the influence of downstream current flow. This indicates that the fluvial environment may have been a preferred route for hydrophilic bipedal dinosaurs. We thus do not consider the Lark Quarry dinosaur tracksite to represent a ‘stampede.’ Instead, the tracksite may represent part of a riverine setting, where the water was shallow, in which small dinosaurs swam and/or waded. SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2012.694591",
    doi = "10.1080/02724634.2012.694591",
    openalex = "W2168740377",
    references = "doi10108010420940109380189, doi10108011035890902924877, doi101130g23452a1, doi102110palo2007p07070r"
}

@article{doi101073pnas1402369111,
    author = "Kent, Dennis V. and Malnis, Paula Santi and Colombi, Carina E. and Alcober, Oscar A. and Martínez, Ricardo N.",
    title = "Age constraints on the dispersal of dinosaurs in the Late Triassic from magnetochronology of the Los Colorados Formation (Argentina)",
    year = "2014",
    journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences",
    abstract = "A measured magnetozone sequence defined by 24 sampling sites with normal polarity and 28 sites with reverse polarity characteristic magnetizations was established for the heretofore poorly age-constrained Los Colorados Formation and its dinosaur-bearing vertebrate fauna in the Ischigualasto-Villa Union continental rift basin of Argentina. The polarity pattern in this ∼600-m-thick red-bed section can be correlated to Chrons E7r to E15n of the Newark astrochronological polarity time scale. This represents a time interval from 227 to 213 Ma, indicating that the Los Colorados Formation is predominantly Norian in age, ending more than 11 My before the onset of the Jurassic. The magnetochronology confirms that the underlying Ischigualasto Formation and its vertebrate assemblages including some of the earliest known dinosaurs are of Carnian age. The oldest dated occurrences of vertebrate assemblages with dinosaurs in North America (Chinle Formation) are younger (Norian), and thus the rise of dinosaurs was diachronous across the Americas. Paleogeography of the Ischigualasto and Los Colorados Formations indicates prolonged residence in the austral temperate humid belt where a provincial vertebrate fauna with early dinosaurs may have incubated. Faunal dispersal across the Pangean supercontinent in the development of more cosmopolitan vertebrate assemblages later in the Norian may have been in response to reduced contrasts between climate zones and lowered barriers resulting from decreasing atmospheric pCO2 levels.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1402369111",
    doi = "10.1073/pnas.1402369111",
    openalex = "W2148235107",
    references = "currie2009stratigraphy, doi101016jearscirev201004001, doi101016jgeobios200304008, doi101017cbo9780511564413024, doi101017cbo9780511628948, doi101017s0094837300010575, doi101017s1755691011020020, doi1010292009jb007205, doi101080027246342013818546, doi101111j1365246x1980tb02601x, doi101111j1365246x1990tb05683x, doi101126science1198467, doi101126science1234204, doi101130g22967a1, doi101130g306831, doi101175jcli39901, doi101371journalpone0009329, parker2010the"
}

@article{doi102110jsr201389,
    author = "Atchley, S. C. and Nordt, Lee C. and Dworkin, S. I. and Ramezani, Jahandar and Parker, William G. and Ash, Sidney R. and Bowring, Samuel A.",
    title = "A Linkage Among Pangean Tectonism, Cyclic Alluviation, Climate Change, and Biologic Turnover In the Late Triassic: The Record From The Chinle Formation, Southwestern United States",
    year = "2014",
    journal = "Journal of Sedimentary Research",
    abstract = "Abstract High-precision geochronology provides unprecedented insights into the depositional history of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of the Colorado Plateau, as well as its paleoenvironmental and paleobiological records. The Chinle succession exposed in the Petrified Forest National Park (PEFO) and vicinity, Arizona, includes two large-scale alluvial composite sequences. Although each composite sequence fines upward, the upper composite sequence is more dominated by coarser-grained deposits. Petrographic analysis of sandstone lithic content indicates an upward decrease in the proportion of volcanic rock fragments in each composite sequence. Paleocurrent indicators in the lower composite sequence suggest a variable paleoflow direction, whereas northward paleoflow dominated the upper composite sequence. The change in paleoflow appears to coincide with a reorganization of alluvial depositional processes and associated source terranes, and precedes a rapid acceleration in basin subsidence. Climate proxy records from paleosol geochemistry indicate a gradual shift from humid to dry conditions across the transition between the lower and upper composite sequences and the Adamanian–Revueltian biotic turnover. Composite-sequence depositional reorganization, climatic shift and biologic turnover, in turn, appear to coincide with episodes of magmatism recorded in Triassic granitoid plutons presently exposed in southern California. Taken collectively, these observations suggest that the Late Triassic depositional, climatic, and ecologic history at PEFO may be related to emergence of the incipient Cordilleran magmatic arc along the convergent western margin of Pangea. A new U-Pb date for the lower part of the Chinle Formation suggests that most or all of the formation was deposited in the Norian Stage.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2013.89",
    doi = "10.2110/jsr.2013.89",
    openalex = "W2122960116",
    references = "doi1010160016703792901426, doi101016jchemgeo200503011, doi101016jrevpalbo201211001, doi101016s0016706100000975, doi101017s1755691011020020, doi101017s1755691013000376, doi1010292010gc003478, doi1010292010gc003479, doi101086342865, doi101086648217, doi101103physrevc41889, doi101371journalpone0009329, doi1016660094837320000260137ccpfrt20co2, doi105860choice444462, parker2010the, therrien2000paleoenvironments"
}

@article{doi10247506201401,
    author = "Ramezani, Jahandar and Fastovsky, David E. and Bowring, Samuel A.",
    title = "Revised chronostratigraphy of the Lower Chinle Formation strata in Arizona and New Mexico (USA): High-precision U-Pb geochronological constraints on the Late Triassic evolution of dinosaurs",
    year = "2014",
    journal = "American Journal of Science",
    abstract = "The early history of dinosaurs in North America is obscured by an incomplete fossil record, taxonomic uncertainties and speculative correlations of tetrapod-bearing rocks, as well as poor calibration of the Late Triassic time scale. High-precision U-Pb geochronology provides a reliable means of correlating terrestrial rock formations independent of equivocal lithostratigraphy or vertebrate biostratigraphy, and hence the possibility of properly evaluating models for the early radiation and diversification of Dinosauria. Here we present new, high-precision, U-Pb ID-TIMS zircon geochronology from the presumed lowermost strata of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of the Colorado Plateau in Southwest United States, including a mean 206Pb/238U date of 219.39 ± 0.16 Ma from the renowned Placerias Quarry Bone Bed in eastern Arizona. The new results prompt revisions to the chronostratigraphy of the lower Chinle and provide a new temporal context for its rich tetrapod fauna. The oldest documented dinosaurs of North America coexisted with their non-dinosaurian near-relatives for a minimum of 12 m.y., from ca. 223 Ma to ca. 211 Ma, in the Norian. This early dinosauromorph record follows a ca. 6 m.y. period from which no tetrapod fossils have been documented and which was itself preceded by a ca. 10 m.y. depositional hiatus spanning nearly the entire Ladinian and Carnian stages of the terrestrial North America. The supposed late appearance of dinosauromorphs in North America compared to those in South America thus appears to be an artifact of incomplete preservation, as well as unsubstantiated age interpretations. This, together with the conspicuous biogeographic distinctions among the Triassic dinosauromorph assemblages, invalidates a simple diachronous model for the transcontinental radiation of early dinosaurs.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2475/06.2014.01",
    doi = "10.2475/06.2014.01",
    openalex = "W2101892087",
    references = "doi1010160012821x77900607, doi101016jchemgeo200503011, doi101016jepsl200909013, doi101016jgca201006017, doi101016s0016703799002045, doi101017s1755691011020020, doi10108002724634199110011426, doi101080027246342013818546, doi101103physrevc41889, doi101126science1154339, doi101126science1213454, doi101144sp3799, doi1012063521, doi101371journalpone0009329, doi102110jsr201389, fiorillo2000taphonomy, parker2010the"
}

@article{doi107717peerj2411,
    author = "Parker, William G.",
    title = "Osteology of the Late Triassic aetosaur Scutarx deltatylus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia)",
    year = "2016",
    journal = "PeerJ",
    abstract = "Aetosaurians are some of the most common fossils collected from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of Arizona, especially at the Petrified Forest National Park (PEFO). Aetosaurians collected from lower levels of the park include Desmatosuchus spurensis, Paratypothorax, Adamanasuchus eisenhardtae, Calyptosuchus wellesi, and Scutarx deltatylus. Four partial skeletons collected from the park between 2002 and 2009 represent the holotype and referred specimens of Scutarx deltatylus. These specimens include much of the carapace, as well as the vertebral column, and shoulder and pelvic girdles, and a new naming convention proposed for osteoderms descriptions better differentiates portions of the carapace and ventral armor. A partial skull from the holotype specimen represents the first aetosaur skull recovered and described from Arizona since the 1930s. The key morphological feature distinguishing Scutarx deltatylus is the presence of a prominent, triangular boss located in the posteromedial corner of the dorsal surface of the dorsal paramedian osteoderms. Scutarx deltatylus can be distinguished from closely related forms Calyptosuchus wellesi and Adamanasuchus eisenhardtae not only morphologically, but also stratigraphically. Thus, Scutarx deltatylus is potentially an index taxon for the upper part of the Adamanian biozone.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2411",
    doi = "10.7717/peerj.2411",
    openalex = "W2324973976",
    references = "doi107717peerj1583"
}

@article{doi105070p9351039960,
    author = "Lessner, Emily J. and Parker, William G. and Marsh, Adam D. and Nesbitt, Sterling J. and Irmis, Randall B. and Mueller, Bill",
    title = "New insights into Late Triassic dinosauromorph-bearing assemblages from Texas using apomorphy-based identifications",
    year = "2018",
    journal = "PaleoBios",
    abstract = "The Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Garza County, Texas (lower, middle, and upper Cooper Canyon Formation) captures the radiation of Triassic non-marine tetrapods by preserving a variety of Late Triassic taxa from the southwestern United States. Our understanding of the vertebrate assemblage from these strata largely comes from a single site, the Post Quarry (lower Cooper Canyon Formation), with previous research documenting a variety of temnospondyls, sphenodontians, non-archosauriform archosauromorphs, and archosauriforms including a phytosaur, three species of aetosaurs, a poposauroid, a rauisuchid, a crocodylomorph, and several dinosauromorphs. To more completely reconstruct the vertebrate assemblage of the Dockum Group of Garza County we use an apomorphy-based approach to identify morphologically similar disarticulated and fragmentary elements from a variety of localities that span the entire Cooper Canyon Formation (Norian-Rhaetian), allowing assignments from the large clade level to the species level. Many skeletal elements are incomplete yet diagnostic and are assigned to the least inclusive clade if discrete character states do not allow for an unambiguous species-level identification. We identify new specimens referable to numerous clades including Tanystropheidae, Allokotosauria + Prolacerta + Archosauriformes, Vancleavea + Litorosuchus, Phytosauria, Paracrocodylomorpha, Dinosauriformes, and Saurischia, in addition to additional species identifications of the aetosaur Scutarx deltatlyus, and the dinosauromorph Dromomeron gregorii. Our study of this material demonstrates the utility of an apomorphy-based approach in making testable and repeatable observations for identifying small, isolated fragmentary fossil tetrapod material to reconstruct a more accurate faunal hypothesis for a portion of the Late Triassic of Texas. Previous claims of the earliest dinosaurs from near the base of the Dockum Group do not pass the apomorphy-based identification test, and the question of whether the oldest known North American dinosaurs are present in the Chinle Formation or Dockum Group can be resolved by utilizing vertebrate biostratigraphic correlation. Our revision of these fossil assemblages supports the hypothesis that early diapsids, early archosauromorphs, and non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs were more common, diverse, and widespread in low latitudes during this time than previously thought.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5070/p9351039960",
    doi = "10.5070/p9351039960",
    openalex = "W2884213488",
    references = "doi1010800891296320171333609, doi107717peerj1583"
}

@article{doi107717peerj7551,
    author = "Martz, Jeffrey W. and Small, Bryan J.",
    title = "Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae)",
    year = "2019",
    journal = "PeerJ",
    abstract = {The "red siltstone" member of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation in the Eagle Basin of Colorado contains a diverse assemblage of dinosauromorphs falling outside of Dinosauria. This assemblage is the northernmost known occurrence of non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs in North America, and probably falls within the Revueltian land vertebrate estimated biochronozone (215-207 Ma, middle to late Norian). Lagerpetids are represented by proximal femora and a humerus referable to Dromomeron romeri. Silesaurids (non-dinosaurian dinosauriforms) are the most commonly recovered dinosauromorph elements, consisting of dentaries, maxillae, isolated teeth, humeri, illia, femora, and possibly a scapula and tibiae. These elements represent a new silesaurid, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri, gen. et sp. nov., which possesses several autapomorphies: a short, very robust maxilla with a broad ascending process, a massive ventromedial process, a complex articular surface for the lacrimal and jugal, and 12 teeth; 14 dentary teeth; an ilium with an elongate and blade-like preacetabular process and concave acetabular margin; a femur with an extremely thin medial distal condyle and a depression on the distal end anterior to the crista tibiofibularis. The recognition of K. williamparkeri further demonstrates the predominantly Late Triassic diversity and widespread geographic distribution across Pangea of the sister clade to Asilisaurus, here named Sulcimentisauria. Silesaurid dentition suggests a variety of dietary specializations from faunivory and omnivory in the Middle Triassic and early Late Triassic (Carnian), to herbivory in the Late Triassic (Carnian and Norian), with the latter specialization possibly coinciding with the radiation of Sulcimentisauria across Pangea. The extremely robust maxilla and folidont teeth of K. williamparkei may represent a strong herbivorous dietary specialization among silesaurids.},
    url = "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7551",
    doi = "10.7717/peerj.7551",
    openalex = "W2971433631",
    references = "doi101017s1755691013000376, doi101073pnas1613813113, doi101080027246342015982797, doi101098rstb19740001, doi10247506201401"
}

@article{doi101038s41598020678541,
    author = "Desojo, Julia B. and Fiorelli, Lucas E. and Ezcurra, Martín D. and Martinelli, Agustín G. and Ramezani, Jahandar and da Rosa, Átila Augusto Stock and von Baczko, M. Belén and Trotteyn, M. Jimena and Montefeltro, Felipe C. and Ezpeleta, Miguel and Langer, Max C.",
    title = "The Late Triassic Ischigualasto Formation at Cerro Las Lajas (La Rioja, Argentina): fossil tetrapods, high-resolution chronostratigraphy, and faunal correlations",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Scientific Reports",
    abstract = "Present knowledge of Late Triassic tetrapod evolution, including the rise of dinosaurs, relies heavily on the fossil-rich continental deposits of South America, their precise depositional histories and correlations. We report on an extended succession of the Ischigualasto Formation exposed in the Hoyada del Cerro Las Lajas (La Rioja, Argentina), where more than 100 tetrapod fossils were newly collected, augmented by historical finds such as the ornithosuchid Venaticosuchus rusconii and the putative ornithischian Pisanosaurus mertii. Detailed lithostratigraphy combined with high-precision U-Pb geochronology from three intercalated tuffs are used to construct a robust Bayesian age model for the formation, constraining its deposition between 230.2 ± 1.9 Ma and 221.4 ± 1.2 Ma, and its fossil-bearing interval to 229.20 + 0.11/- 0.15-226.85 + 1.45/- 2.01 Ma. The latter is divided into a lower Hyperodapedon and an upper Teyumbaita biozones, based on the ranges of the eponymous rhynchosaurs, allowing biostratigraphic correlations to elsewhere in the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin, as well as to the Paraná Basin in Brazil. The temporally calibrated Ischigualasto biostratigraphy suggests the persistence of rhynchosaur-dominated faunas into the earliest Norian. Our ca. 229 Ma age assignment to Pi. mertii partially fills the ghost lineage between younger ornithischian records and the oldest known saurischians at ca. 233 Ma.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67854-1",
    doi = "10.1038/s41598-020-67854-1",
    openalex = "W3045879460",
    references = "doi101016c20090644421, doi101016jgr201801005, doi101016jquascirev200807009, doi101016s0753396900800026, doi101017cbo9780511612381, doi101017s1755691013000431, doi101038nature22037, doi101073pnas1402369111, doi101080027246342013818546, doi101080027246342013820113, doi101080031155182015994114, doi101098rstb19740001, doi101111j109600311988tb00514x, doi101111j10963642200900631x, doi101111j14679876200800623x, doi101126science1198467, doi101144sp37916, doi1012063521, doi1018814epiiugs2013v36i3002, doi1023071005355, doi1023072413376, doi107717peerj1778"
}

@article{doi101130b354851,
    author = "Rasmussen, Cornelia and Mundil, Roland and Irmis, Randall B. and Geisler, Dominique and Gehrels, George E. and Olsen, Paul E. and Kent, Dennis V. and Lepre, Christopher J. and Kinney, Sean and Geissman, J. W. and Parker, William G.",
    title = "U-Pb zircon geochronology and depositional age models for the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation (Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, USA): Implications for Late Triassic paleoecological and paleoenvironmental change",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Geological Society of America Bulletin",
    abstract = "Abstract The Upper Triassic Chinle Formation is a critical non-marine archive of low-paleolatitude biotic and environmental change in southwestern North America. The well-studied and highly fossiliferous Chinle strata at Petrified Forest National Park (PFNP), Arizona, preserve a biotic turnover event recorded by vertebrate and palynomorph fossils, which has been alternatively hypothesized to coincide with tectonically driven climate change or with the Manicouagan impact event at ca. 215.5 Ma. Previous outcrop-based geochronologic age constraints are difficult to put in an accurate stratigraphic framework because lateral facies changes and discontinuous outcrops allow for multiple interpretations. A major goal of the Colorado Plateau Coring Project (CPCP) was to retrieve a continuous record in unambiguous superposition designed to remedy this situation. We sampled the 520-m-long core 1A of the CPCP to develop an accurate age model in unquestionable superposition by combining U-Pb zircon ages and magnetostratigraphy. From 13 horizons of volcanic detritus-rich siltstone and sandstone, we screened up to ∼300 zircon crystals per sample using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and subsequently analyzed up to 19 crystals of the youngest age population using the chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass (CA-ID-TIMS) spectrometry method. These data provide new maximum depositional ages for the top of the Moenkopi Formation (ca. 241 Ma), the lower Blue Mesa Member (ca. 222 Ma), and the lower (ca. 218 to 217 Ma) and upper (ca. 213.5 Ma) Sonsela Member. The maximum depositional ages obtained for the upper Chinle Formation fall well within previously proposed age constraints, whereas the maximum depositional ages for the lower Chinle Formation are relatively younger than previously proposed ages from outcrop; however, core to outcrop stratigraphic correlations remain uncertain. By correlating our new ages with the magnetostratigraphy of the core, two feasible age model solutions can be proposed. Model 1 assumes that the youngest, coherent U-Pb age clusters of each sample are representative of the maximum depositional ages and are close to (\&lt;1 Ma difference) the true time of deposition throughout the Sonsela Member. This model suggests a significant decrease in average sediment accumulation rate in the mid-Sonsela Member. Hence, the biotic turnover preserved in the mid-Sonsela Member at PFNP is also middle Norian in age, but may, at least partially, be an artifact of a condensed section. Model 2 following the magnetostratigraphic-based age model for the CPCP core 1A suggests instead that the ages from the lower and middle Sonsela Member are inherited populations of zircon crystals that are 1–3 Ma older than the true depositional age of the strata. This results in a model in which no sudden decrease in sediment accumulation rate is necessary and implies that the base of the Sonsela Member is no older than ca. 216 Ma. Independent of these alternatives, both age models agree that none of the preserved Chinle Formation in PFNP is Carnian (\&gt;227 Ma) in age, and hence the biotic turnover event cannot be correlated to the Carnian–Norian boundary but is rather a mid-Norian event. Our age models demonstrate the powers, but also the challenges, of integrating detrital CA-ID-TIMS ages with magnetostratigraphic data to properly interpret complex sedimentary sequences.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/b35485.1",
    doi = "10.1130/b35485.1",
    openalex = "W3044598086",
    references = "demic2019chronostratigraphic, doi101007bf01134434, doi101016b9780128032435000066, doi101016jrevpalbo201211001, doi101016jrevpalbo201511006, doi101130ges020041, doi102110jsr201389, doi1033740140600101, doi105194sd24152018"
}

@article{doi101002ar24757,
    author = "Parker, William G. and Nesbitt, Sterling J. and Irmis, Randall B. and Martz, Jeffrey W. and Marsh, Adam D. and Brown, Matthew and Stocker, Michelle R. and Werning, Sarah",
    title = "Osteology and relationships of Revueltosaurus callenderi (Archosauria: Suchia) from the Upper Triassic (Norian) Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, United States",
    year = "2021",
    journal = "The Anatomical Record",
    abstract = "Once known solely from dental material and thought to represent an early ornithischian dinosaur, the early-diverging pseudosuchian Revueltosaurus callenderi is described from a minimum of 12 skeletons from a monodominant bonebed in the upper part of the Chinle Formation of Arizona. This material includes nearly the entire skeleton and possesses a combination of plesiomorphic and derived character states that help clarify ingroup relationships within Pseudosuchia. A phylogenetic analysis recovers R. callenderi in a clade with Aetosauria and Acaenasuchus geoffreyi that is named Aetosauriformes. Key autapomorphies of R. callenderi include a skull that is longer than the femur, a complete carapace of dermal armor including paramedian and lateral rows, as well as ventral osteoderms, and a tail end sheathed in bone. Histology of the femur and associated osteoderms demonstrate that R. callenderi was slow growing and that the individuals from the bonebed were not young juveniles but had not ceased growing. A review of other material assigned to Revueltosaurus concludes that the genus cannot be adequately diagnosed based on the type materials of the three assigned species and that only R. callenderi can be confidently referred to Revueltosaurus.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24757",
    doi = "10.1002/ar.24757",
    openalex = "W3202671966",
    references = "doi101002ar24757, doi101016jcrpv200510006, doi101016jrevpalbo201211001, doi101017s1755691011020020, doi101017s1755691013000376, doi1010719781486300679, doi10108002724634199610011283, doi10108002724634199910011178, doi101086410622, doi101111brv12666, doi101144sp3794, doi1011861471214814128, doi1012063521, doi101371journalpone0009321, doi101371journalpone0009329, doi102110jsr201389, doi102110palo2019099, doi1023071005355, doi105860choice353642, doi105962bhltitle54054, doi107717peerj1583, doi107717peerj1778, fiorillo2000taphonomy, openalexw2611511275, padian1990the, parker2010the, therrien2000paleoenvironments"
}

@article{doi101017jpa202249,
    author = "Marsh, Adam D. and Parker, William G. and Nesbitt, Sterling J. and Kligman, Ben T. and Stocker, Michelle R.",
    title = "Puercosuchus traverorum n. gen. n. sp.: a new malerisaurine azendohsaurid (Archosauromorpha: Allokotosauria) from two monodominant bonebeds in the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic, Norian) of Arizona",
    year = "2022",
    journal = "Journal of Paleontology",
    abstract = "Abstract Non-archosaur archosauromorphs are a paraphyletic group of diapsid reptiles that were important members of global Middle and Late Triassic continental ecosystems. Included in this group are the azendohsaurids, a clade of allokotosaurians (kuehneosaurids and Azendohsauridae + Trilophosauridae) that retain the plesiomorphic archosauromorph postcranial body plan but evolved disparate cranial features that converge on later dinosaurian anatomy, including sauropodomorph-like marginal dentition and ceratopsian-like postorbital horns. Here we describe a new malerisaurine azendohsaurid from two monodominant bonebeds in the Blue Mesa Member, Chinle Formation (Late Triassic, ca. 218–220 Ma); the first occurs at Petrified Forest National Park and preserves a minimum of eight individuals of varying sizes, and the second occurs near St. Johns, Arizona. Puercosuchus traverorum n. gen. n. sp. is a carnivorous malerisaurine that is closely related to Malerisaurus robinsonae from the Maleri Formation of India and to Malerisaurus langstoni from the Dockum Group of western Texas. Dentigerous elements from Puercosuchus traverorum n. gen. n. sp. confirm that some Late Triassic tooth morphotypes thought to represent early dinosaurs cannot be differentiated from, and likely pertain to, Puercosuchus -like malerisaurine taxa. These bonebeds from northern Arizona support the hypothesis that non-archosauriform archosauromorphs were locally diverse near the middle Norian and experienced an extinction event prior to the end-Triassic mass extinction coincidental with the Adamanian-Revueltian boundary recognized at Petrified Forest National Park. The relatively late age of this early-diverging taxon (Norian) suggests that the diversity of azendohsaurids is underrepresented in Middle and Late Triassic fossil records around the world. UUID: http://zoobank.org/e6eeefd2-a0ae-47fc-8604-9f45af8c1147.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2022.49",
    doi = "10.1017/jpa.2022.49",
    openalex = "W4312527876",
    references = "doi101002ar24757, doi1010800891296320171333609"
}

@inproceedings{andparrish2025growth,
    author = "Parrish, Judith and Gillis, Robert and Fairley, Jerry",
    title = "Growth Rings in Fossil Trees from the Chinle Formation, Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, USA",
    year = "2025",
    booktitle = "Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2025am-4492",
    doi = "10.1130/abs/2025am-4492",
    openalex = "W4417219996"
}