@incollection{doi10100797813490447261,
    author = "Tökés, Rudolf L.",
    title = "Human Rights and Political Change in Eastern Europe",
    year = "1979",
    booktitle = "Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks",
    abstract = "Since the crushing of the Czechoslovak reform movement in 1968 and, with greater intensity and on a broader scale, since the signing of the Helsinki Final Act in 1975, a growing number of East Europeans have stood up for their right to individual self-determination and have demanded that the regimes honour constitutional guarantees of civil rights and to deliver on promises of a better life under socialism.1",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-04472-6\_1",
    doi = "10.1007/978-1-349-04472-6\_1",
    openalex = "W2480913490",
    references = "doi10230720040306"
}

@article{schlauch1981dissent,
    author = "Schlauch, Wolfgang",
    title = "Dissent in Eastern Europe: Rudolf Bahro's Criticism of East European Communism",
    year = "1981",
    journal = "Nationalities Papers",
    abstract = "Since the signing of the Final Act of the Conference on Security in Europe (CSCE) in Helsinki on August 1, 1975, the communist parties of Eastern Europe have been confronted with growing human rights movements from diverse individuals and groups. In the Soviet Union, so-called Helsinki Watch Committees were founded in 1976, in order to monitor the implementation of the Helsinki human rights provisions and those of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In Czechoslovakia, the human rights movement was coordinated by the publication of “Charter 77” in January 1977, which, like its counterpart in the Soviet Union, asked its government to comply with the Helsinki human rights provisions signed earlier by the Prague government. “Charter 77” has been signed by more than a thousand individuals, many of whom have been arrested or terrorized by the Secret Police. In Poland, the “Committee for the Defense of the Workers” (KOR) was founded after the June 1976 uprising of Polish workers in Ursus and Radom. The Committee's purpose was to provide legal and financial aid to those workers subjected to the Party's repression and physical terror for having participated in the June uprisings. KOR also criticized the government's violation of fundamental rights, such as the right to work, freedom of expression, and the right to participate in meetings and demonstrations. Again in 1980 during the Polish workers’ strikes, KOR under the leadership of Jacek Kuron assisted the strikers. They denounced the decline of the Polish Communist Party's credibility and the complete collapse of communication between rulers and the ruled. Even Hungary and Rumania have experienced the emergence of individuals and small groups who either want their governments to observe the human rights provisions, or who support human rights movements in other eastern European countries.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00905998108407906",
    doi = "10.1080/00905998108407906",
    number = "1",
    openalex = "W2089951250",
    pages = "105-116",
    volume = "9",
    references = "doi1010079781349044726, doi10230720040306, doi1023073339918, doi10230740134303, openalexw1574296943, openalexw597341990"
}

@article{doi1023072600648,
    author = "Linden, Ronald H.",
    title = "The Security Bind in East Europe",
    year = "1982",
    journal = "International Studies Quarterly",
    abstract = "The traditional restriction of the notion of national security to military security has unnecessarily weakened the power of that concept for understanding the responses of states to perceived domestic and international threats. A tripartite concept of security is offered here which distinguishes among threats: (1) to the state's leadership regime; (2) to its governing and resource distribution system; and (3) to its territorial integrity. This is applied to the study of the East European states, which find themselves caught in a multidimensional security bind between the domestic and international challenges to their security. They have thus been led to opt for policies insuring stability and avoiding uncontrollable changes as they attempt to ameliorate these threats.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/2600648",
    doi = "10.2307/2600648",
    openalex = "W2333208077",
    references = "doi10230720040306"
}

@article{bowen1984geology,
    author = "Bowen, Robert",
    title = "Geology: Geological problems of north-east Africa",
    year = "1984",
    journal = "Nature",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/311108a0",
    doi = "10.1038/311108a0",
    number = "5982",
    openalex = "W1976594350",
    pages = "108-108",
    volume = "311"
}

@misc{clarke1985petroleum1,
    author = "Clarke, J. W",
    title = "Petroleum Geology of East Siberia, 85-367 of U.S. Geological Survey Open File Reports",
    year = "1985",
    howpublished = "Washington, DC, U.S. Geological Survey",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Clarke, J. W., 1985, Petroleum Geology of East Siberia, 85-367 of U.S. Geological Survey Open File Reports: Washington, DC, U.S. Geological Survey.}"
}

@article{doi101017s0020818300004859,
    author = "Bunce, Valerie",
    title = "The empire strikes back: the evolution of the Eastern bloc from a Soviet asset to a Soviet liability",
    year = "1985",
    journal = "International Organization",
    abstract = "The structure of the Soviet bloc would appear to be ideal for the maximization of Soviet domestic and foreign interests. The actual ledger of Soviet gains and losses from control over Eastern Europe, however, reveals a different picture. Over the postwar period Eastern European contributions to Soviet national security, economic growth, and domestic stability have declined. This decline in the value of empire to the Soviets is a function of three factors. The first is growing regime-society tensions in Eastern Europe as a result of East Europe's dependence on the Soviet Union and the derivative structures of its Stalinist political economies. The second is the Soviet role within the bloc as a political and economic monopoly and monopsony. And the third is the unexpected costs, both to the Soviet Union and to Eastern Europe, that attended the bloc's reunion in the early 1970s with a global capitalist system in crisis.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300004859",
    doi = "10.1017/s0020818300004859",
    openalex = "W2100543879",
    references = "doi1023073339918"
}

@article{kovrig1985review,
    author = "Kovrig, Bennett",
    title = "Review: The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe: Soviet-East European Relations",
    year = "1985",
    journal = "International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1177/002070208504000122",
    doi = "10.1177/002070208504000122",
    number = "1",
    openalex = "W2578010134",
    pages = "191-192",
    volume = "40"
}

@article{dzik1988the,
    author = "Dzik, Jerzy and Lendzion, Kazimiera",
    title = "The oldest arthropods of the East European Platform",
    year = "1988",
    journal = "Lethaia",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1988.tb01749.x",
    doi = "10.1111/j.1502-3931.1988.tb01749.x",
    number = "1",
    openalex = "W2022847795",
    pages = "29-38",
    volume = "21",
    references = "doi101017s0263593300010427, doi101038326181a0, doi101098rstb19750033, doi101098rstb19770117, doi101098rstb19780061, doi101098rstb19850096, doi105281zenodo16490103, openalexw2481238136, openalexw2754161204"
}

@misc{dzik1988the2,
    author = "Dzik, J. and Lendzion, K",
    title = "The oldest arthropods of the East European platform",
    year = "1988",
    howpublished = "Lethaia, v. 21, p. 29-38",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Dzik, J., and Lendzion, K., 1988, The oldest arthropods of the East European platform: Lethaia, v. 21, p. 29-38.}"
}

@article{doi101017s0007123400006177,
    author = "Ekiert, Grzegorz",
    title = "Democratization Processes in East Central Europe: A Theoretical Reconsideration",
    year = "1991",
    journal = "British Journal of Political Science",
    abstract = "This article explores various dimensions of the issue of transition to democracy in East Central Europe, focusing on the question of how past experiences shape the process of political change and on the limits of democratization in the region. The first part reviews scholarly debates on the relationship between the political crisis and processes of democratization in the region, arguing that new analytical categories are needed to account for different dimensions of the current transition process. The second part proposes a new framework for analysing changing relations between the party–state and society across time and in different state-socialist societies. The third part examines some recent political developments in countries of the region in order to identify those factors that may contribute to or impede a possibility of the transition to democracy in these countries. It concludes that in all East Central European countries the rapid collapse of party–states and the multidimensional social, political and economic crisis has initiated a parallel process of diminution of power of both the state and civil society, which may significantly endanger the transition to a democratic political order.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400006177",
    doi = "10.1017/s0007123400006177",
    openalex = "W2021277940",
    references = "doi1010079781349044726"
}

@article{doi101016s0040195196002326,
    author = "Bogdanova, Svetlana and Pashkevich, І. K. and Gorbatschev, Roland and Оrlyuk, М.І.",
    title = "Riphean rifting and major Palaeoproterozoic crustal boundaries in the basement of the East European Craton: geology and geophysics",
    year = "1996",
    journal = "Tectonophysics",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(96)00232-6",
    doi = "10.1016/s0040-1951(96)00232-6",
    openalex = "W2040829729",
    references = "doi101016004019519390292r, doi1010160301926887900441, doi101016030192689390066b, doi1010160301926894000786, doi101016s0040195196002272, doi101017cbo9780511608261, doi101029jb090ib03p02593, doi1018814epiiugs1991v14i2005, openalexw2175467721, openalexw603459085"
}

@article{doi101177s0038038599000218,
    author = "Pickvance, Christopher",
    title = "Democratisation and the Decline of Social Movements: The Effects of Regime Change on Collective Action in Eastern Europe, Southern Europe and Latin America",
    year = "1999",
    journal = "Sociology",
    abstract = "The paper explores how regime change affects social movements, drawing on studies of Latin America, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe. After discussing the concepts and method used, it is argued that social movements do exist in authoritarian regimes, and hence the question of the effect of regime change upon them can be posed. Contrary to the assumption that democratisation leads to the flourishing of social movements as repression is removed and new channels of participation are opened up, it is shown that in the immediate period between the end of an authoritarian regime and the initiation of a democratic one the opposite effect may occur. This is because liberalisation in authoritarian regimes can lead to a particularly high level of social movement activity which cannot be sustained once more `normal' conditions apply. The utility of the concept of regime change is questioned, and the desirability of breaking it down into its component parts which may be more or less present in different cases is stressed.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1177/s0038038599000218",
    doi = "10.1177/s0038038599000218",
    openalex = "W2146638110",
    references = "doi1010079781349044726"
}

@article{doi1010292001jb000623,
    author = "Matzel, E. and Grand, S. P.",
    title = "The anisotropic seismic structure of the East European platform",
    year = "2004",
    journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres",
    abstract = "We present models for the P and S velocity structure of the upper mantle beneath the East European platform including measurements of radial anisotropy. The models were obtained by full waveform inversion of 3‐component broadband seismograms from strike‐slip earthquakes located near the edge of the platform and recorded in Russia and Europe. We used direct and multiply reflected body wave arrivals (S, SS, P, PP) combined with fundamental mode Love and Rayleigh waves at source‐receiver distances between 15° and 50° to resolve mantle structure down to the 410 km discontinuity. The platform is underlain by a radially anisotropic mantle lid extending to a depth of 200 km with a largely isotropic mantle below. The model has a positive velocity gradient from 41 km to 100 km depth, and a relatively uniform velocity structure from 100 km to 200 km depth with high SH and PH velocities (4.77 km/s, 8.45 km/s). Shear anisotropy is uniform at 5\% (βH > βV) from 41 to 200 km depth, drops to 2\% from 200 to 250 km and is isotropic below that. The average shear velocity from 100 to 250 km is also uniform at 4.65 km/s and the drop in anisotropy is matched by a drop in βH to 4.70 km/s combined with an increase in βV to 4.60 km/s. Below 250 km there is a positive velocity gradient in both P and S velocity down to 410 km. P anisotropy is not well resolved, but P structure mimics the SH velocity structure, suggesting that P is also anisotropic within the lid.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000623",
    doi = "10.1029/2001jb000623",
    openalex = "W1973043198",
    references = "openalexw574874291"
}

@incollection{bogdanova2005europe,
    author = "Bogdanova, S.V. and Gorbatschev, R. and Garetsky, R.G.",
    title = "EUROPE | East European Craton",
    year = "2005",
    booktitle = "Encyclopedia of Geology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-369396-9/00426-3",
    doi = "10.1016/b0-12-369396-9/00426-3",
    openalex = "W4237871862",
    pages = "34-49",
    references = "doi1010160191814183900792, doi1010160301926887900441, doi101016030192689390066b, doi101016s0040195101000312, doi101016s0040195196002326, doi101016s0301926897000399, openalexw574874291"
}

@article{doi101144gslmem20060320101,
    author = "Gee, David G. and Stephenson, Randell",
    title = "The European lithosphere: an introduction",
    year = "2006",
    journal = "Geological Society London Memoirs",
    abstract = "Abstract Europe provides on outstanding field laboratory for studying lithospheric processes through time: for tracing the results of plate movements from the present back into the early Precambrian. This book has been designed to focus on tectonic processes in the European lithosphere through these three billion years and how they may have changed during this time. Two things are particularly striking: the importance of plate tectonics far back through the Proterozoic into the Archaean, and the significance of tectonic inheritance, older structures and rheologies guiding, even defining, the younger evolution. Basement structure has a profound influence on subsequent basin evolution and the distribution of geo-resources. The economic importance of understanding these processes cannot be overestimated. Understanding the dynamics responsible for the construction of continental lithosphere requires integrated interpretation of geological, geophysical and geochemical observations. Hypotheses often benefit from testing by numerical and analogue modelling. In practice, one technology - multi-channel, near-vertical reflection profiling - has played a leading role in connecting surface observations to the deep crust and mantle structure. Combined with other geophysical methods, deep reflection profiling has guided the interpretation of the processes that created the The European part of the Eurasian continent, reaching from the Ural Mountains in the east to the Iberian Peninsula in the west and from the Mediterranean into the high Arctic, has a lithosphere that can readily be treated in two parts, east and west (Fig. 1). Most of eastern Europe is dominated by the old, cold East European Craton (EEC), partly covered by",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.2006.032.01.01",
    doi = "10.1144/gsl.mem.2006.032.01.01",
    openalex = "W2165660987",
    references = "bogdanova2005europe, doi101016004019519190328p, doi101016jtecto200509005, doi101017cbo9780511608261, doi101017s0016756800021038, doi101029gm132, doi101126science265516879, doi101144gslsp20001790101, doi101144gslsp20022010101, doi101144gslsp20022010114, doi101144gslsp20022040102"
}

@article{doi101144gslmem20060320130,
    author = "Saintot, Aline and Stephenson, Randell and Stovba, S. and Brunet, Marie‐Françoise and Yegorova, Tamara and Starostenko, V. I.",
    title = "The evolution of the southern margin of Eastern Europe (Eastern European and Scythian platforms) from the Latest Precambrian- Early Palaeozoic to the Early Cretaceous",
    year = "2006",
    journal = "Geological Society London Memoirs",
    abstract = "Abstract The southern part of the Eastern European continental landmass consists mainly of a thick platform of Vendian and younger sediments overlying Precambrian basement, referred to as the East European and Scythian platforms (EEP and SP). Some specific geological features, such as the Late Devonian Pripyat-Dniepr-Donets rift basin, the Karpinsky Swell, the Permo(?)-Triassic troughs of the SP, and the deformed belt running from Dobrogea to Crimea and the Greater Caucasus, in which rocks as old as Palaeozoic crop out, form a record of the geodynamic processes affecting this part of the European lithosphere. Hard constraints on the Palaeozoic history of the SP are very sparse. The conventional view has been that the SP is a Late Palaeozoic orogenic belt. However, it is shown that the few available data are also consistent with an alternative interpretation in which it is the thinned margin of the Precambrian continent, reworked by Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic rifting events. The geodynamic setting of the margin is classically reported as one of active convergence throughout the Late Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic, with subduction of the Palaeotethys Ocean beneath Europe. Actually, there are no direct observations constraining the polarity of Palaeotethys subduction in this area although indirect evidence is not inconsistent with the conventional model. In such a case, the sedimentary-tectonic record of the SP suggests that convergence during the Permo-Triassic(?) and certainly during the Early and Mid-Jurassic was oblique. An Eo-Cimmerian (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic) event is widespread and implies a tectonic compressional regime with systematic inversion of most sedimentary basins. There is also a widespread unconformity at the end of the Mid-Jurassic and in the Late Jurassic. These can be interpreted as indicators of compressional tectonics; however, nowhere is there evidence of intense shortening or other orogenic processes. A revised tectonic model is proposed for the area but, given the degree of uncertainty characterizing the geology of this area, it is best considered as a basis for further discussion.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.2006.032.01.30",
    doi = "10.1144/gsl.mem.2006.032.01.30",
    openalex = "W1998447897",
    references = "doi101144gslmem20060320101"
}

@article{doi101144gslmem20060320136,
    author = "Bogdanova, Svetlana and Gorbatschev, Roland and Grad, M. and Janik, Tomasz and Guterch, A. and Kozlovskaya, Elena and Motuza, Gediminas and Skridlaitė, Gražina and Starostenko, V. I. and Taran, L. and EUROBRIDGE and Groups, POLONAISE Working",
    title = "EUROBRIDGE: new insight into the geodynamic evolution of the East European Craton",
    year = "2006",
    journal = "Geological Society London Memoirs",
    abstract = "Abstract The Palaeoproterozoic crust and upper mantle in the region between the Ukrainian and Baltic shields of the East European Craton were built up finally during collision of the previously independent Fennoscandian and Sarmatian crustal segments at c. 1.8-1.7 Ga. EUROBRIDGE seismic profiling and geophysical modelling across the southwestern part of the Craton suggest that the Central Belarus Suture Zone is the junction between the two colliding segments. This junction is marked by strong deformation of the crust and the presence of a metamorphic core complex. At 1.80-1.74 Ga, major late to post-collisional extension and magmatism affected the part of Sarmatia adjoining the Central Belarus Zone and generated a high-velocity layer at the base of the crust. Other sutures separating terranes of different ages are found within Sarmatia and in the Polish-Lithuanian part of Fennoscandia. While Fennoscandia and Sarmatia were still a long distance apart, orogeny was dominantly accretionary. The accreted Palaeoproterozoic terranes in the Baltic-Belarus region of Fennoscandia are all younger than 2.0 Ga (2.0-1.9, 1.90-1.85 and 1.84-1.82 Ga), whereas those in Sarmatia have ages of c. 2.2-2.1 and 2.0-1.95 Ga. Lithospheric deformation and magmatism at c. 1.50-1.45 Ga, and Devonian rifting, are also defined by the EUROBRIDGE seismic and gravity models.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.2006.032.01.36",
    doi = "10.1144/gsl.mem.2006.032.01.36",
    openalex = "W2084356588",
    references = "bogdanova2005europe, doi101007bf00690173, doi101016030192689390066b, doi101016s0040195101000312, doi101016s0040195196002326, doi1010291998tc900016, doi10102995jb00259, doi10102995jb03446, doi101029jz064i010p01521, doi101029jz065i004p01083, doi101086629697, doi10113000917613198412550cmccce20co2, doi101144gslmem2006320138, openalexw1928320224, openalexw311864639"
}

@article{doi101144gslmem2006320138,
    author = "Claesson, Stefan and Bibikova, Elena and Bogdanova, Svetlana and Skobelev, V.M.",
    title = "Archaean terranes, Palaeoproterozoic reworking and accretion in the Ukrainian Shield, East European Craton",
    year = "2006",
    journal = "Geological Society London Memoirs",
    abstract = "Abstract The Ukrainian Shield is a large coherent region of exposed Archaean and Proterozoic crust in the southwestern, Sarmatian part of the East European Craton. It is traditionally divided into blocks, or domains, separated by major suture zones. The Azov Domain in the east and the Podolian Domain in the SW are Archaean complexes that have been highly reworked in the Palaeoproterozoic; in contrast, the Archaean (3.2-3.0 Ga) granite-greenstone terrane dominated Middle Dniepr Domain, in the central part of the Shield, is virtually untouched by Proterozoic processes. Palaeoproterozoic rocks dominate the Kirovograd domain in the central Shield. We review previous and recent geochronological results and demonstrate that the Volyn Domain and adjacent parts of the Ros-Tikich Domain in the NW are largely juvenile, c. 2.2-2.0 Ga segments of Palaeoproterozoic crust accreted to the Palaeo- to Mesoarchaean crust in the Podolian Domain. The Podolian Domain includes 3.65 Ga granitoids, with traces of 3.75 Ga material. It has been reworked, at 2.8 Ga and c. 2.0 Ga. Its temporal evolution is thus similar to that of the Azov Domain in the eastern part of the Shield. However, in view of the complex terrane pattern of Sarmatia, this does not necessarily mean that the Podolian and Azov domains were parts of the same continent in the Archaean.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.2006.32.01.38",
    doi = "10.1144/gsl.mem.2006.32.01.38",
    openalex = "W2171163720",
    references = "bogdanova2005europe, doi101007bf00376336, doi101007s004100050465, doi1010160012821x71902081, doi1010160012821x75900886, doi1010160301926895000666, doi1010160301926895000720, doi101016s0009254199000662, doi1011300091761319890170971ggftsp23co2, doi1011300091761319920200339romcit23co2, doi101144gslmem20060320136"
}

@article{doi101016joregeorev201509019,
    author = "Goodenough, Kathryn and Schilling, Julian and Jönsson, Erik and Kalvig, Per and Charles, Nicolas and Tuduri, Johann and Deady, Eimear and Sadeghi, Martiya and Schiellerup, Henrik and Müller, Axel and Bertrand, Guillaume and Arvanitidis, Nikolaos and Eliopoulos, Demetrios G. and Shaw, R.A. and Thrane, Kristine and Keulen, Nynke",
    title = "Europe's rare earth element resource potential: An overview of REE metallogenetic provinces and their geodynamic setting",
    year = "2015",
    journal = "Ore Geology Reviews",
    abstract = "Security of supply of a number of raw materials is of concern for the European Union; foremost among these are the rare earth elements (REE), which are used in a range of modern technologies. A number of research projects, including the EURARE and ASTER projects, have been funded in Europe to investigate various steps along the REE supply chain. This paper addresses the initial part of that supply chain, namely the potential geological resources of the REE in Europe. Although the REE are not currently mined in Europe, potential resources are known to be widespread, and many are being explored. The most important European resources are associated with alkaline igneous rocks and carbonatites, although REE deposits are also known from a range of other settings. Within Europe, a number of REE metallogenetic belts can be identified on the basis of age, tectonic setting, lithological association and known REE enrichments. This paper reviews those metallogenetic belts and sets them in their geodynamic context. The most well-known of the REE belts are of Precambrian to Palaeozoic age and occur in Greenland and the Fennoscandian Shield. Of particular importance for their REE potential are the Gardar Province of SW Greenland, the Svecofennian Belt and subsequent Mesoproterozoic rifts in Sweden, and the carbonatites of the Central Iapetus Magmatic Province. However, several zones with significant potential for REE deposits are also identified in central, southern and eastern Europe, including examples in the Bohemian Massif, the Iberian Massif, and the Carpathians.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.09.019",
    doi = "10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.09.019",
    openalex = "W1837916404",
    references = "doi101016jgr200908001, doi101016jprecamres200704024, doi101126science1234204"
}

@incollection{bogdanova2016europeeast,
    author = "Bogdanova, S.V. and Gorbatschev, R. and Garetsky, R.G.",
    title = "EUROPE|East European Craton☆",
    year = "2016",
    booktitle = "Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.10020-x",
    doi = "10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.10020-x",
    openalex = "W2501386739",
    references = "doi1010160301926887900441, doi101016030192689390066b, doi101016jearscirev200504001, doi101016jprecamres200704024, doi101016jprecamres201411023, doi101016s0301926897000399, doi101080002068142014958579, doi101134s0016852107010050, doi101144gslmem20060320135, doi101144gslmem20060320136, openalexw2094082747, openalexw574874291"
}

@incollection{cvetkovic2016geology,
    author = "Cvetkovic, Vladica and Prelević, Dejan and Schmid, Stefan",
    title = "Geology of South-Eastern Europe",
    year = "2016",
    booktitle = "Environmental Earth Sciences",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25379-4\_1",
    doi = "10.1007/978-3-319-25379-4\_1",
    openalex = "W2292440858",
    pages = "1-29",
    references = "doi10100797836421891973, doi101007s0001500812473, doi1010160040195193901265, doi101016jpalaeo200402033, doi101016jtecto200206004, doi1010291999tc900057, doi1010292001jb001690, doi101029jb084ib13p07561, doi101130b304461, doi102113econgeo1072295"
}

@article{doi10247506201703,
    author = "Terentiev, R. А. and Савко, К. А. and Santosh, M.",
    title = "Paleoproterozoic evolution of the arc–back-arc system in the east Sarmatian Orogen (East European Craton): Zircon SHRIMP geochronology and geochemistry of the Losevo volcanic suite",
    year = "2017",
    journal = "American Journal of Science",
    abstract = "The East European Craton has a thick sequence of volcano-sedimentary rocks preserved in the Losevo belt that developed along the junction between Sarmatian and Volgo-Uralian microcontinents. The major lithologies of the Losevo terrain (LT) are a dominant bimodal volcanic suite and a basalt--andesite--dacite--rhyolite assemblages (BADR). The LT rocks have been divided from lower to upper sequences into the Terrigene, Strelitsa and Podgornoye Formations, but the stratigraphic subdivisions have not been geochronologically tested. Here we present geochemistry and SHRIMP zircon geochronology of volcanic rocks from the LT. The volcanic suite from the Terrigene Formation has tholeiitic and calc-alkaline affinites, significant enrichment in LILE and LREE and strong depletion in HFSE with εNd(t)=+ 2.6, whereas the felsic dikes display an A-type affinity, with typical enrichment in Zr, Nb, Y, and depletion in Sr and Ti, fractionated REE patterns, and strong negative Eu anomalies with εNd(t) in the range of -0.5 to 2.6. The bimodal volcanic suite of the Strelitsa Formation is composed of tholeiites displaying minor depletion in LREE, slight enrichment of LILE, no or weak depletion of Nb resembling transition MORB with εNd(t)=+3.0 to +3.6) and rhyolites with high LREE/HREE, high Sr/Y, no Eu anomaly, and strong depletion in Nb and Ti (εNd(t)=+1.8 to +2.9) resembling slab-derived high pressure adakitic melts. The volcanic rocks of the Podgornoye Formation are bimodal with tholeiitic chemistry, lack enrichment in LILE and LREE and have a slight depletion in HFSE (εNd(t)=+3.7) together with rhyolites having high LREE/HREE, moderate Sr/Y, no Eu anomaly, and strong depletion in Nb and Ti (εNd(t)=+2.1 to +2.6) resembling slab derived relatively low-pressure adakite-like melts. The BADR assemblage has significant enrichment in LILE and LREE and strong depletion in HFSE, similar to arc-like volcanics. Geochronological data indicate that the early LT volcanic rocks were formed during the early (Terrigene Formation) stage of intra-continental arc with a continental basement whereas the Strelitsa bimodal volcanic rocks were formed during a middle stage of back-arc extension and the Podgornoye bimodal volcanic rocks and BADR were formed during a later stage intra-oceanic arc. The identification of a 2170 to 2120 Ma back-arc basin in the East Sarmatian Orogen together with broadly coeval arcs indicate that the eastern margin of the Sarmatia was active with an arc--back-arc environment. Our new data suggest that the initial melts of the bimodal suite were adakitic derived by slab melting, followed by mantle metasomatism, whereas the basaltic magmas formed in an island arc setting. The LT and similar-aged volcanic belts in other terrains are considered to represent the initial (2.1--2.0 Ga), subduction-related growth of the Paleoproterozoic Columbia supercontinent.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2475/06.2017.03",
    doi = "10.2475/06.2017.03",
    openalex = "W2738075010",
    references = "bogdanova2016europeeast, doi1010800020681420161147386, doi101134s086959380906001x"
}

@incollection{crossref2019modernity,
    title = "Modernity in Eastern Europe – East European Modernism?",
    year = "2019",
    booktitle = "Brokers of Modernity",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvcwnzhj.6",
    doi = "10.2307/j.ctvcwnzhj.6",
    openalex = "W4249594786",
    pages = "31-56"
}

@article{doi101016jprecamres2021106282,
    author = "Paszkowski, Mariusz and Budzyń, Bartosz and Mazur, Stanisław and Sláma, Jiří and Środoń, Jan and Millar, Ian and Shumlyanskyy, Leonid and Kędzior, Artur and Liivamägi, Sirle",
    title = "Detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf constraints on provenance and timing of deposition of the Mesoproterozoic to Cambrian sedimentary cover of the East European Craton, part II: Ukraine",
    year = "2021",
    journal = "Precambrian Research",
    abstract = "We present the U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotope analysis of detrital zircons from the Ediacaran/Cambrian sediments of Podillya and south Volyn in western Ukraine, supplemented by the bulk rock XRD mineralogy of the host rocks. Such a combined analytical approach allows for identifying the source areas supplying detritus to sediments and for constraining an age of deposition. Our provenance analysis is based on fourteen samples collected from six exposures, mostly in the valley of the Dniester river. 84 mudstone samples were also examined by the XRD method. U-Pb dating of detrital zircons yielded two sets of maximum depositional ages: 578–546 Ma and 547–523 Ma, for the Mohyliv-Podilsky and Kanyliv Series, respectively. This suggests that the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary in Podillya coincides with a major erosional gap, with a major change in provenance, and the disappearance of the Ediacaran fauna at the base of the Kanyliv Series, with implications for the stratigraphy and paleogeography of the entire East European Platform. Zircon U-Pb age spectra from the lower part of the Mohyliv-Podilsky Series include a large quantity of 2.2 to 1.9 Ga grains that reveal predominantly negative to nearly chondritic ɛHf values, jointly suggesting detritus supply from the crystalline basement of Sarmatia. Both U-Pb and mineralogical data also indicate a major contribution of volcanic detritus from the Volyn flood basalts. The younger Nagoryany rocks yielded zircon age spectra with peaks at c. 1.80 and 1.49 Ga, implying a shift of the catchment area to Fennoscandia. Above an erosional gap, the zircon age spectra in the Kanyliv and Baltic Series are dominated by peaks at 560–535 Ma. These data and ɛHf values ranging from negative to chondritic and juvenile suggest, in line with the mineralogical data, detritus supply from a continental magmatic arc and collisional orogen. Thus, we interpret the Kanyliv Series as infill of an early Cambrian foreland basin that was established in front of the Scythides and Santacrucides orogens, overriding the SW margin of Baltica.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106282",
    doi = "10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106282",
    openalex = "W4210471170",
    references = "doi101016jprecamres201411023, doi101093petrologyegq035, doi101144gslmem20060320136"
}

@misc{crossrefNonecia,
    title = "CIA, Soviet and East European Manpower in Eastern Europe, 1966, Secret.",
    year = "None",
    booktitle = "Cold War Intelligence",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1163/ejb9789004244627.b07072",
    doi = "10.1163/ejb9789004244627.b07072",
    openalex = "W4250931986"
}