@misc{doi103133b71, author = "Scudder, Samuel H.", title = "Index to the known fossil insects of the world, including myriapods and arachnids", year = "1891", abstract = "With the view of furthering study in the too neglected field of fossil insects, I transmit herewith for publication the card catalogue of described fossil insects which I have used for twenty years and kept constantly up to date, and which has greatly facilitated my own researches. It is believed to be practically complete. At least where insects are figured, and in many other cases where they are the first or only references from a given locality, entries are given where only the genus, the family, or even the order is mentioned. This has been done because the early literature of fossil insects is essentially vague and general, but it should not for that reason be wholly overlooked; and to-day our knowledge of the occurrence of insects of a particular locality, even when of recent discovery, is not infrequently confined to statements of a general nature, which, if not brought to view or mind in a list like this, would be lost sight of, while their recognition may lead to further local investigation, to the earlier benefit of science.It is in no sense a systematic catalogue, and except occasionally in the notes contains no immediate results of investigation. No questions of synonymy are settled. The entries are made as the authors quoted gave them, with only the corrections of spelling required; it follows that the same insect appears at several points, to which the student is referred by full cross-references, and that more than one insect may (though probably rarely does) figure under one name. In one or two such instances, where the same name has been given by inadvertence to two totally different creatures, the later one is separated from the earlier.For convenience' sake, the entries are grouped into large sections, nearly identical with those I have employed in my systematic review of fossil insects (Bulletin 31, U. S. Geological Survey), by which method the insects from the Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary rocks are kept distinct; but otherwise the entries are purely alphabetical under the orders. It should be noticed, however, that the vague references to groups higher than genera are brought together at the beginning of each alphabet, first the most vague, and then those which permit some alphabetization. In these cases the primary or secondary alphabetization is first by authors, second by dates, and in all cases where under one entry there is more than one date the order therein is chronological.In a previous bulletin (Bulletin 69, U. S. Geological Survey) is given a complete bibliography of the literature from which these entries are taken, and the two works are thus complementary to each other.", url = "https://doi.org/10.3133/b71", doi = "10.3133/b71", openalex = "W16489655" } @article{doi105479si00963801492119469, author = "Cockerell, T. D. A.", title = "British fossil insects", year = "1915", journal = "Proceedings of the United States National Museum", abstract = "Odonata. -Eight species. Neuroptera. -Prohemerobiidae, two species. Sialidae, one species, described below.", url = "https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.49-2119.469", doi = "10.5479/si.00963801.49-2119.469", openalex = "W2073605496" } @article{doi101071zo9550654, author = "Riek, E. F.", title = "Fossil insects from the Triassic beds at Mt. Crosby, Queensland.", year = "1955", journal = "Australian Journal of Zoology", abstract = "The fossil Hymenoptera, Mecoptera, Orthoptera, and orders of insects related to these are described from the Triassic beds at Mt. Crosby, Queensland. The record of Hymenoptera extends considerably the time range of the order. Mecoptera, Neuroptera, and Trichoptera are abundant but Diptera and Lepidoptera are absent. There are many Orthoptera (Saltatoria) but only fragmentary remains of Protorthoptera, Perlaria, and Odonata. The assemblage of insects shows none of the problematical types of the Permian. Many of the forms recorded are described in new species and genera.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1071/zo9550654", doi = "10.1071/zo9550654", openalex = "W2080092955" } @article{doi101017s0094837300003778, author = "Sepkoski, J. John", title = "A factor analytic description of the Phanerozoic marine fossil record", year = "1981", journal = "Paleobiology", abstract = "Data on numbers of marine families within 91 metazoan classes known from the Phanerozoic fossil record are analyzed. The distribution of the 2800 fossil families among the classes is very uneven, with most belonging to a small minority of classes. Similarly, the stratigraphic distribution of the classes is very uneven, with most first appearing early in the Paleozoic and with many of the smaller classes becoming extinct before the end of that era. However, despite this unevenness, a Q -mode factor analysis indicates that the structure of these data is rather simple. Only three factors are needed to account for more than 90\% of the data. These factors are interpreted as reflecting the three great “evolutionary faunas” of the Phanerozoic marine record: a trilobite-dominated Cambrian fauna, a brachiopod-dominated later Paleozoic fauna, and a mollusc-dominated Mesozoic-Cenozoic, or “modern,” fauna. Lesser factors relate to slow taxonomic turnover within the major faunas through time and to unique aspects of particular taxa and times. Each of the three major faunas seems to have its own characteristic diversity so that its expansion or contraction appears as being intimately associated with a particular phase in the history of total marine diversity. The Cambrian fauna expands rapidly during the Early Cambrian radiations and maintains dominance during the Middle to Late Cambrian “equilibrium.” The Paleozoic fauna then ascends to dominance during the Ordovician radiations, which increase diversity dramatically; this new fauna then maintains dominance throughout the long interval of apparent equilibrium that lasts until the end of the Paleozoic Era. The modern fauna, which slowly increases in importance during the Paleozoic Era, quickly rises to dominance with the Late Permian extinctions and maintains that status during the general rise in diversity to the apparent maximum in the Neogene. The increase in diversity associated with the expansion of each new fauna appears to coincide with an approximately exponential decline of the previously dominant fauna, suggesting possible displacement of each evolutionary fauna by its successor.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300003778", doi = "10.1017/s0094837300003778", openalex = "W2505144080", references = "doi10100797814613088367, doi1010160012825272900724, doi101017s0094837300004917, doi101017s009483730000508x, doi101017s0094837300005236, doi101017s0094837300005352, doi101017s0094837300005649, doi101017s0094837300005972, doi101017s0094837300012549, doi101126science17740541065, doi101126science2064415217, doi101130spe89p63, doi1023071483846, doi1023071796560, doi1023072405671, doi1023072412725, doi1023072412728, doi1023072806339, doi107312simp93764, openalexw1504049102, openalexw645218623" } @article{doi101126science21545391501, author = "Raup, David M. and Sepkoski, J. John", title = "Mass Extinctions in the Marine Fossil Record", year = "1982", journal = "Science", abstract = "A new compilation of fossil data on invertebrate and vertebrate families indicates that four mass extinctions in the marine realm are statistically distinct from background extinction levels. These four occurred late in the Ordovician, Permian, Triassic, and Cretaceous periods. A fifth extinction event in the Devonian stands out from the background but is not statistically significant in these data. Background extinction rates appear to have declined since Cambrian time, which is consistent with the prediction that optimization of fitness should increase through evolutionary time.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.215.4539.1501", doi = "10.1126/science.215.4539.1501", openalex = "W1976721572", references = "doi101017s009483730000511x, doi101017s0094837300006539, doi101130spe89p63, doi105281zenodo16226412, openalexw2335729143, openalexw2591197405, openalexw2596207362" } @incollection{doi101130spe190p291, author = "Signor, Philip W. and Lipps, Jere H.", title = "Sampling bias, gradual extinction patterns and catastrophes in the fossil record", year = "1982", booktitle = "Geological Society of America eBooks", abstract = "Catastrophic hypotheses for mass extinctions are commonly criticized because many taxa gradually disappear from the fossil record prior to the extinction. Presumably, a geologically instantaneous catastrophe would not cause a reduction in diversity or a series of minor extinctions before the actual mass extinction. Two types of sampling effects, however, could cause taxa to appear to decline before their actual biotic extinction. The first of these is reduced sample size provided in the sedimentary record and the second, which we examine in greater detail, is artificial range truncation. The fossil record is discontinuous in time and the recorded ranges of species or of higher taxa can only extend to their last known occurrence in the fossil record. If the distribution of last occurrences is random with respect to actual biotic extinction, then apparent extinctions will begin well before a mass extinction and will gradually increase in frequency until the mass extinction event, thus giving the appearance of a gradual extinction. Other factors, such as regressions, can exacerbate the bias toward gradual disappearance of taxa from the fossil record. Hence, gradual extinction patterns prior to a mass extinction do not necessarily eliminate catastrophic extinction hypotheses. The recorded ranges of fossils, especially of uncommon taxa or taxa in habitats not represented by a continuous record, may be inadequate to test either gradual or catastrophic hypotheses.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/spe190-p291", doi = "10.1130/spe190-p291", openalex = "W2414724882" } @article{doi101098rstb19850134, author = "Seilacher, Adolf and Reif, Wolf‐Ernst and Westphal, Florian", title = "Sedimentological, ecological and temporal patterns of fossil Lagerstätten", year = "1985", journal = "Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences", abstract = "Abstract Preservation of non-mineralized structures (including plants) and of articulated skeletons results from extraordinary hydrographic, sedimentational and early diagenetic conditions. The corresponding chief causative effects (stagnation, obrution and bacterial sealing) define a conceptual continuum into which individual occurrences may be mapped. A more pragmatic, typological classification of conservation deposits, using a standard questionnaire, reveals ecological replacements, as well as trends related to the evolution of the biosphere, through geological time.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1985.0134", doi = "10.1098/rstb.1985.0134", openalex = "W2111944730", references = "doi101007978364269317510, doi1010079783642758294, doi101007bfb0009832, doi101111j136530911982tb00072x, doi101111j150239311985tb00688x, doi101126science2224620163, doi101126science2244651872, doi101127njgpa1591980324, doi101306ad4616f116f711d78645000102c1865d" } @article{doi1023073514687, author = "Kidwell, Susan M. and Fürsich, Franz T. and Aigner, Thomas", title = "Conceptual Framework for the Analysis and Classification of Fossil Concentrations", year = "1986", journal = "Palaios", abstract = "Densely fossiliferous deposits are receiving increasing attention for their yield of paleobiologic data and their usefulness in sedimentology and stratigraphy. This trend has created a pressing need for standardized descriptive terminology and a genetic classification based on a coherent conceptual framework. The descriptive procedure outlined here for skeletal concentrations stresses four features -taxonomic composition, bioclastic fabric, geometry, and internal structure-that can be described readily in the field by nonspecialists. The genetic classification scheme is based on three end members, representing biologic, sedimentologic, and diagenetic factors in skeletal concentration. Concentrations created through the simultaneous or sequential action of two or more factors are classified as mixed types. As a conceptual framework for comparative biostratinomic analysis, the broad categories of this ternary classification scheme should facilitate recognition of large-scale temporal and spatial patterns in skeletal accumulation. The usefulness of this approach is suggested by the good agreement between biostratinomic patterns observed in ancient onshore-offshore facies tracts and those predicted across paleobathymetric transects based on modern processes of skeletal concentration.", url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/3514687", doi = "10.2307/3514687", openalex = "W2021838482", references = "doi1010079783662010204, doi10108011035898709454746, doi101086628652, doi101098rstb19850134, doi101111j150239311970tb00830x, doi101130001676061964751197fciptr20co2, doi101130001676061968791315tailif20co2, doi101306212f77662b2411d78648000102c1865d, doi1023072258940, openalexw1533729466" } @misc{kritsky1987fossil1, author = "Kritsky, G", title = "Fossil Insects", year = "1987", howpublished = "Pests of Creation: Creation/Evolution, v. 20, p. 13-19", note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kritsky, G., 1987, Fossil Insects: Pests of Creation: Creation/Evolution, v. 20, p. 13-19.}" } @article{openalexw3168794770, author = "Zhang, J.-F", title = "[Fossil insects from Shanwang, Shandong, China.]", year = "1989", url = "https://openalex.org/W3168794770", openalex = "W3168794770" } @book{openalexw193970361, author = "Maisey, John G.", title = "Santana Fossils: An Illustrated Atlas", year = "1991", journal = "Medical Entomology and Zoology", openalex = "W193970361" } @article{doi105860choice300309, author = "Allison, PA and Briggs, DEG", title = "Taphonomy: releasing the data locked in the fossil record", year = "1992", journal = "Choice Reviews Online", url = "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.30-0309", doi = "10.5860/choice.30-0309", openalex = "W1587340106" } @article{doi101126science11536548, author = "Labandeira, Conrad C. and Sepkoski, J. John", title = "Insect Diversity in the Fossil Record", year = "1993", journal = "Science", abstract = "Insects possess a surprisingly extensive fossil record. Compilation of the geochronologic ranges of insect families demonstrates that their diversity exceeds that of preserved vertebrate tetrapods through 91 percent of their evolutionary history. The great diversity of insects was achieved not by high origination rates but rather by low extinction rates comparable to the low rates of slowly evolving marine invertebrate groups. The great radiation of modern insects began 245 million years ago and was not accelerated by the expansion of angiosperms during the Cretaceous period. The basic trophic machinery of insects was in place nearly 100 million years before angiosperms appeared in the fossil record.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.11536548", doi = "10.1126/science.11536548", openalex = "W1984084181", references = "doi1010079781468491814, doi101017s0094837300003778, doi101038293435a0, doi101038303614a0, doi101086284840, doi101111j155856461964tb01674x, doi101111j155856461966tb03364x, doi101126science13334591105, doi101126science21545391501, doi101126science2314734129, doi101146annureves10110179001335, doi107312simp93764, openalexw2038423019" } @article{doi101073pnas912512278, author = "Labandeira, Conrad C. and Dilcher, David L. and Davis, Donald R. and Wagner, David L.", title = "Ninety-seven million years of angiosperm-insect association: paleobiological insights into the meaning of coevolution.", year = "1994", journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", abstract = "From well preserved leaf damage of the mid-Cretaceous Dakota Flora (97 million years ago), three distinctive, insect-mediated feeding traces have been identified and assigned to two extant genera and one subfamily. These taxa are the leaf miners Stigmella and Ectoedemia of the Nepticulidae and Phyllocnistinae of the Gracillariidae. These fossils indicate that within 25 million years of early angiosperm radiation, the organs of woody dicots already were exploited in intricate and modern ways by insect herbivores. For Ectoedemia and its platanoid host, we document 97 million years of continuity for a plant-insect interaction. The early occurrence during the mid-Cretaceous of diverse and extensive herbivory on woody angiosperms may be associated with the innovation of deciduousness, in which a broadleafed angiosperm provided an efficient, but disposable, photosynthetic organ that with-stood the increased cost of additional insect herbivory. Moreover, the group represented in this study, the leaf-mining Lepidoptera, exhibits a wide range of subordinal taxonomic differentiation and includes the Gracillariidae, a member of the most derived lepidopteran suborder, the Ditrysia. Ditrysian presence during the mid-Cretaceous, in addition to lepidopteran body-fossil evidence from Early Cretaceous and Late Jurassic deposits, suggests that the radiation of major lepidopteran lineages probably occurred during the Late Jurassic on a gymnosperm-dominated flora.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.25.12278", doi = "10.1073/pnas.91.25.12278", openalex = "W2015880499", references = "doi1010079789401571968, doi1010160169534794901635, doi101093ae374244a, doi1012019780429290916, doi1023072260677, doi1023072399768, doi1023072996889, doi105860choice300310, openalexw2273605253, openalexw2989049194" } @article{doi101051apido19980306, author = "Engel, Michael S.", title = "Fossil honey bees and evolution in the genus Apis (Hymenoptera: Apidae)", year = "1998", journal = "Apidologie", url = "https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:19980306", doi = "10.1051/apido:19980306", openalex = "W2105302422", references = "openalexw3168794770" } @article{doi101071it00031, author = "Krell, Frank‐Thorsten", title = "The fossil record of Mesozoic and Tertiary Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)", year = "2000", journal = "Invertebrate taxonomy", abstract = "Lack of characters, similarity of stem species of adelphotaxa and the necessity to know the extant world fauna of the studied group of fossils are the main difficulties in palaeontology of beetles. The paucity of characters of most of the fossils of supposed Scarabaeoidea prevents their inclusion in a reliable phylogenetic analysis. Only rarely can an autapomorphy of Scarabaeoidea be seen in a fossil classified as a member of this group. Therefore, the classification of Mesozoic and Tertiary fossils is often tentative. Based on a critical literature review of all recorded fossil Scarabaeoidea from the Mesozoic and Tertiary, the minimum age for families and/or subfamilies of this group is determined. An annotated catalogue of named fossils and ichnofossils of Scarabaeoidea and of their lagerstÄtten is given. 238 fossil species and subspecies of this group have been described, of which 27 are doubtful, eight already identified as belonging to other taxa, and two subspecies synonymised with extant taxa. 189 species and 12 ichnospecies probably or reliably belong to the Scarabaeoidea. Nomenclatural acts: Hongscarabaeus, nom. nov. for Proscarabaeus Hong, 1982 (nec Schrank, 1781); Onthophagus urusheeri, nom. nov. for Onthophagus urus Heer, 1847 (nec Ménétries, 1832); Aphodius anteactus, nom. nov. for Aphodius antiquus Heer, 1847 (nec Faldermann, 1835); Aphodius theobaldi, nom. nov. for Aphodius incertus Théobald, 1937 (nec Ballion, 1878); Anomala palaeobrunnea, nom. nov. for Anomala brunnea (Hong, 1985) (nec Klug, 1855); Eophyllocerus scrobiculatus Haupt, 1950 is designated as the type species of Eophyllocerus Haupt, 1950; Cangabola Lengerken, 1955 is a junior synonym of Coprinisphaera Sauer, 1955. ‘Mais en présence des Coléoptères, sauf très rares exeptions, tout spécialiste sérieux ne peut que se récuser’. R. Jeannel (1942: 191) on fossil faunas.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1071/it00031", doi = "10.1071/it00031", openalex = "W2102521093", references = "doi103133b71, openalexw3168794770" } @book{doi1010070306475774, author = "Belayeva, N. V. and Quicke, Donаld L. J. and Dmitriev, V. Yu and Eskov, K. Yu", title = "History of Insects", year = "2002", booktitle = "Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks", abstract = "This is the first time that a single book has attempted to cover the whole of the fossil history of insects, so comprehensively. The volume embraces the history of insect paleontology, the methods for", url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47577-4", doi = "10.1007/0-306-47577-4", openalex = "W1598005605" } @article{briggs2003the, author = "Briggs, Derek E.G.", title = "The Role of Decay and Mineralization in the Preservation of Soft-Bodied Fossils", year = "2003", journal = "Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences", abstract = "▪ Abstract Fossil deposits that preserve soft-bodied organisms provide critical evidence of the history of life. Usually, only more decay resistant materials, e.g., cuticles, survive as organic remains as a result of selective preservation and subsequent diagenesis to more resistant biopolymers. Permineralization, the permeation of tissues by mineralizing fluids, may preserve remarkable detail, particularly of plants. However, evidence of more labile tissues, e.g., muscle, normally requires the replication of their morphology by rapid in situ growth of minerals, i.e., authigenic mineralization. This process relies on the steep geochemical gradients generated by decay microbes. The minerals involved, and the level of detail preserved (which may be subcellular), depend on a number of factors, including the nature of microbial activity and amount of decay, availability of ions, and the type of organism that is fossilized. Understanding these controls is essential to determining the conditions that favor exceptional preservation.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.144746", doi = "10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.144746", number = "1", openalex = "W2125375419", pages = "275-301", volume = "31", references = "allison1988the, briggs1994decay, briggs1996the, doi1010160016703789901919, doi1010160016703794902984, doi101016002532279390147n, doi1010160034666775900056, doi101017s0006323199005472, doi101017s0022336000040026, doi101017s0094837300009994, doi101017s009483730001188x, doi101017s0094837300012082, doi101098rstb19790006, doi101098rstb19850134, doi101098rstb19930082, doi101111j150239311983tb01993x, doi101126science25951001439, doi101126science28153801173, doi1011300091761319880160149mibbbs23co2, doi1015159781501509247, doi1016660094837320020280155lgatio20co2, doi1023071222284, doi1023073515360, doi1023073515363, doi105860choice284524, doi107208chicago97802261597130010001, openalexw2754161204" } @article{doi101093icb431166, author = "Butterfield, Nicholas J.", title = "Exceptional Fossil Preservation and the Cambrian Explosion", year = "2003", journal = "Integrative and Comparative Biology", abstract = {Exceptionally preserved, non-biomineralizing fossils contribute importantly to resolving details of the Cambrian explosion, but little to its overall patterns. Six distinct "types" of exceptional preservation are identified for the terminal Proterozoic-Cambrian interval, each of which is dependent on particular taphonomic circumstances, typically restricted both in space and time. Taphonomic pathways yielding exceptional preservation were particularly variable through the Proterozoic-Cambrian transition, at least in part a consequence of contemporaneous evolutionary innovations. Combined with the reasonably continuous record of "Doushantuo-type preservation," and the fundamentally more robust records of shelly fossils, phytoplankton cysts and trace fossils, these taphonomic perturbations contribute to the documentation of major evolutionary and biogeochemical shifts through the terminal Proterozoic and early Cambrian.Appreciation of the relationship between taphonomic pathway and fossil expression serves as a useful tool for interpreting exceptionally preserved, often problematic, early Cambrian fossils. In shale facies, for example, flattened non-biomineralizing structures typically represent the remains of degradation-resistant acellular and extracellular "tissues" such as chaetae and cuticles, whereas three-dimensional preservation represents labile cellular tissues with a propensity for attracting and precipitating early diagenetic minerals. Such distinction helps to identify the acuticular integument of hyolithids, the chaetae-like nature of Wiwaxia sclerites, the chaetognath-like integument of Amiskwia, the midgut glands of various Burgess Shale arthropods, and the misidentification of deposit-feeding arthropods in the Chengjiang biota. By the same reasoning, putative lobopods in the Sirius Passet biota and putative deuterostomes in the Chengiang biota are better interpreted as arthropods.}, url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/43.1.166", doi = "10.1093/icb/43.1.166", openalex = "W2181027699", references = "doi1010160016703789901919, doi101017s000632310000548x, doi101017s0094837300009994, doi101017s0094837300012082, doi10103834391, doi10103835318, doi101098rstb19790006, doi101098rstb19850005, doi101111j1469185x1999tb00046x, doi101111j150239311975tb01311x, doi101111j150239311994tb01558x, doi101111j150239311995tb01587x, doi101111j150239311995tb01591x, doi101126science1066611, doi101126science28153801173, doi1016660094837320000260386bpngns20co2, doi1016660094837320020280155lgatio20co2, doi1023073514743, doi1023073515360, openalexw2326083785, openalexw2754161204, openalexw3127114020, openalexw659399033" } @article{doi101016jquascirev200409007, author = "Sher, A. and Kuzmina, Svetlana and Кузнецова, Т. В. and Sulerzhitsky, L. D.", title = "New insights into the Weichselian environment and climate of the East Siberian Arctic, derived from fossil insects, plants, and mammals", year = "2005", journal = "Quaternary Science Reviews", url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.09.007", doi = "10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.09.007", openalex = "W1975907381", references = "doi1010160277379187900035, doi101016s0921818101001163, doi101016s1040618201000830, doi101017s0033822200018397, doi101017s0094837300008927, doi10103834839, doi101038nature02098, doi101086285824, doi101126science1101074, doi1023071551023" } @article{doi101126science1105113, author = "Teeling, Emma C. and Springer, Mark S. and Madsen, Ole and Bates, Paul J. J. and O’Brien, Stephen J. and Murphy, William J.", title = "A Molecular Phylogeny for Bats Illuminates Biogeography and the Fossil Record", year = "2005", journal = "Science", abstract = "Bats make up more than 20\% of extant mammals, yet their evolutionary history is largely unknown because of a limited fossil record and conflicting or incomplete phylogenies. Here, we present a highly resolved molecular phylogeny for all extant bat families. Our results support the hypothesis that megabats are nested among four major microbat lineages, which originated in the early Eocene [52 to 50 million years ago (Mya)], coincident with a significant global rise in temperature, increase in plant diversity and abundance, and the zenith of Tertiary insect diversity. Our data suggest that bats originated in Laurasia, possibly in North America, and that three of the major microbat lineages are Laurasian in origin, whereas the fourth is Gondwanan. Combining principles of ghost lineage analysis with molecular divergence dates, we estimate that the bat fossil record underestimates (unrepresented basal branch length, UBBL) first occurrences by, on average, 73\% and that the sum of missing fossil history is 61\%.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1105113", doi = "10.1126/science.1105113", openalex = "W1997655974", references = "doi101007bf01454359, doi101017cbo9780511529924, doi10103835003188, doi10103835055536, doi101073pnas0334222100, doi101073pnas111551998, doi101126science1067179, doi101126science11536548, doi101126science15437541333, doi101126science28454232153, doi1023071223169" } @book{openalexw1900040508, author = "Grimaldi, David A. and Engel, Michael S.", title = "Evolution of the Insects", year = "2005", abstract = {"This book chronicles, for the first time, the complete evolutionary history of insects: their living diversity, relationships, and 400 million years of fossils. Whereas other volumes have focused on either living species or fossils, this is the first comprehensive synthesis of all aspects of insect evolution. Current estimates of phylogeny are used to interpret the 400-million-year fossil record of insects, their extinctions, and radiations." "Evolution of the Insects is beautifully illustrated with more than 900 photo- and electron micrographs, drawings, diagrams, and field photographs, many in full color and virtually all original. The book will appeal to anyone engaged with insect diversity: professional entomologists and students, insect and fossil collectors, and naturalists."--BOOK JACKET.}, openalex = "W1900040508", references = "doi101093sysbio526745" } @article{doi101098rstb20061834, author = "Schopf, J. William", title = "Fossil evidence of Archaean life", year = "2006", journal = "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences", abstract = "Evidence for the existence of life during the Archaean segment of Earth history (more than 2500 Myr ago) is summarized. Data are presented for 48 Archaean deposits reported to contain biogenic stromatolites, for 14 such units reported to contain 40 morphotypes of putative microfossils, and for 13 especially ancient, 3200-3500 Myr old geologic units for which available organic geochemical data are also summarized. These compilations support the view that life's existence dates from more than or equal to 3500 Myr ago.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1834", doi = "10.1098/rstb.2006.1834", openalex = "W2159170019", references = "doi1010160012825273900020, doi101016030192689500018z, doi101016b0080437516071036, doi101016s014663809900145x, doi101017cbo9780511601064, doi101038416073a, doi101038416076a, doi101089ast20055333, doi101111j136530911989tb00615x, doi101126science11539686, doi101126science2605108640, doi101139e79088, doi101146annurevearth271313, doi102475ajs26791017, openalexw109813744, openalexw1552860341, openalexw624811619" } @article{doi101016jearscirev200708001, author = "Kopp, Robert E. and Kirschvink, Joseph L.", title = "The identification and biogeochemical interpretation of fossil magnetotactic bacteria", year = "2007", journal = "Earth-Science Reviews", url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.08.001", doi = "10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.08.001", openalex = "W1979564397", references = "openalexw2770723057" } @book{doi101017cbo9780511535512, author = "Martill, David M. and Bechly, Günter and Loveridge, Robert F.", title = "The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil: Window into an Ancient World", year = "2007", abstract = "This beautifully illustrated 2007 volume describes the entire flora and fauna of the famous Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil - one of the world's most important fossil deposits, exhibiting exceptional preservation. A wide range of invertebrates and vertebrates are covered, including extended sections on pterosaurs and insects. Two chapters are devoted to plants. Many of the chapters include descriptions of new species and re-descriptions and appraisals of taxa published in obscure places, rendering them available to a wider audience. Fossil descriptions are supported by detailed explanations of the geological history of the deposit and its tectonic setting. Drawing on expertise from around the world and specimens from the most important museum collections, this book forms an essential reference for researchers and enthusiasts with an interest in Mesozoic fossils", url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511535512", doi = "10.1017/cbo9780511535512", openalex = "W1575411947", references = "doi101002mmng20010040112, doi1010079783642143977, doi1010160031018279901639, doi101016s0031018203006436, doi101017s0094837300012331, doi10103821872, doi101038292051a0, doi10103831635, doi101038nature01342, doi101038nature01420, doi101038nature02855, doi101038nature03150, doi101038nature03996, doi101046j1365202820010270ex, doi10108002724634199810011114, doi10108002724634199910011201, doi101098rspb20042692, doi101126science23547931156, doi101126science27953581915, doi1012060003009020062970001tatol20co2, doi1016660022336020040780989dapftc20co2, doi1018590euscorpius2003vol2003iss111, doi1023071466954, doi1023073223017, doi10560219780801847806, doi105860choice405235, doi105962bhltitle4275, hasiotis1995termite, openalexw1486025919, openalexw1725516486, openalexw1900040508, openalexw193970361, openalexw2242001249, openalexw2786463731" } @article{archer2009atmospheric, author = "Archer, David and Eby, Michael and Brovkin, Victor and Ridgwell, Andy and Cao, Long and Mikolajewicz, Uwe and Caldeira, Ken and Matsumoto, Katsumi and Munhoven, Guy and Montenegro, Alvaro and Tokos, Kathy", title = "Atmospheric Lifetime of Fossil Fuel Carbon Dioxide", year = "2009", journal = "Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences", abstract = "CO 2 released from combustion of fossil fuels equilibrates among the various carbon reservoirs of the atmosphere, the ocean, and the terrestrial biosphere on timescales of a few centuries. However, a sizeable fraction of the CO 2 remains in the atmosphere, awaiting a return to the solid earth by much slower weathering processes and deposition of CaCO 3. Common measures of the atmospheric lifetime of CO 2, including the e-folding time scale, disregard the long tail. Its neglect in the calculation of global warming potentials leads many to underestimate the longevity of anthropogenic global warming. Here, we review the past literature on the atmospheric lifetime of fossil fuel CO 2 and its impact on climate, and we present initial results from a model intercomparison project on this topic. The models agree that 20–35\% of the CO 2 remains in the atmosphere after equilibration with the ocean (2–20 centuries). Neutralization by CaCO 3 draws the airborne fraction down further on timescales of 3 to 7 kyr.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100206", doi = "10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100206", number = "1", openalex = "W2149521176", pages = "117-134", volume = "37", references = "doi101016003101829290207l, doi101016s0038071703001238, doi101029jc086ic10p09776, doi10103834839, doi101038353225a0, doi101046j13652486200100383x, doi101046j13652486200300569x, doi101126science24749491431, doi101175jcli38001, doi1023071971875, doi102475ajs2837641, doi102475ajs294156, openalexw2939474406" } @article{doi101016jrevpalbo200904012, author = "Prevec, Rose and Labandeira, Conrad C. and Neveling, Johann and Gastaldo, Robert A. and Looy, Cindy V. and Bamford, Marion K.", title = "Portrait of a Gondwanan ecosystem: A new late Permian fossil locality from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa", year = "2009", journal = "Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology", url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2009.04.012", doi = "10.1016/j.revpalbo.2009.04.012", openalex = "W1981164922" } @article{doi101111j1469185x200900099x, author = "Selden, Paul A. and Penney, David", title = "Fossil spiders", year = "2009", journal = "Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society", abstract = "Over the last three decades, the fossil record of spiders has increased from being previously biased towards Tertiary ambers and a few dubious earlier records, to one which reveals a much greater diversity in the Mesozoic, with many of the modern families present in that era, and with clearer evidence of the evolutionary history of the group. We here record the history of palaeoarachnology and the major breakthroughs which form the basis of studies on fossil spiders. Understanding the preservation and taphonomic history of spider fossils is crucial to interpretation of fossil spider morphology. We also review the more recent descriptions of fossil spiders and the effect these discoveries have had on the phylogenetic tree of spiders. We discuss some features of the evolutionary history of spiders and present ideas for future work.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185x.2009.00099.x", doi = "10.1111/j.1469-185x.2009.00099.x", openalex = "W4211144024", references = "doi103133b71" } @article{doi1018900921381, author = "Currano, Ellen D. and Labandeira, Conrad C. and Wilf, Peter", title = "Fossil insect folivory tracks paleotemperature for six million years", year = "2010", journal = "Ecological Monographs", abstract = "Paleoecological studies enhance our understanding of biotic response to climate change because they consider timescales not accessible through laboratory or ecological studies. From 60 to 51 million years ago (Ma), global temperatures gradually warmed to the greatest sustained highs of the last 65 million years. Superimposed on this gradual warming is a transient spike of high temperature and pCO 2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum 55.8 Ma) and a subsequent short‐term cooling event (∼54 Ma). The highly resolved continental fossil record of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA, spans this interval and is therefore uniquely suited to examine the long‐term effects of temperature change on the two dominant groups in terrestrial ecosystems, plants and insect herbivores. We sampled insect damage on fossil angiosperm leaves at nine well‐dated localities that range in age from 52.7 to 59 Ma. A total of 9071 leaves belonging to 107 species were examined for the presence or absence of 71 insect‐feeding damage types. Damage richness, frequency, and composition were analyzed on the bulk floras and individual host species. Overall, there was a strong positive correlation between changes in damage richness and changes in estimated temperature, a weak positive relationship for damage frequency and temperature, and no significant correlation for floral diversity. Thus, insect damage richness appears to be more sensitive to past climate change than to plant diversity, although plant diversity in our samples only ranges from 6 to 25 dicot species. The close tracking of the richness of herbivore damage, a presumed proxy for actual insect herbivore richness, to both warming and cooling over a finely divided, extended time interval has profound importance for interpreting the evolution of insects and plant–insect associations in the context of deep time. Our results also indicate that increased insect herbivory is likely to be a net long‐term effect of anthropogenic warming.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1890/09-2138.1", doi = "10.1890/09-2138.1", openalex = "W2093453235", references = "doi10100797814684264651, doi10103821181, doi101038nature02403, doi101038nature06588, doi101126science1059412, doi101146annurevecolsys271305, doi1023071934145, doi1023071942161, doi1023071942268, doi1023072406825" } @article{doi1010292011jg001647, author = "Schirrmeister, Lutz and Grosse, Guido and Wetterich, Sebastian and Overduin, Pier Paul and Strauß, Jens and Schuur, Edward A. G. and Hubberten, Hans‐Wolfgang", title = "Fossil organic matter characteristics in permafrost deposits of the northeast Siberian Arctic", year = "2011", journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres", abstract = "[1] Permafrost deposits constitute a large organic carbon pool highly vulnerable to degradation and potential carbon release due to global warming. Permafrost sections along coastal and river bank exposures in NE Siberia were studied for organic matter (OM) characteristics and ice content. OM stored in Quaternary permafrost grew, accumulated, froze, partly decomposed, and refroze under different periglacial environments, reflected in specific biogeochemical and cryolithological features. OM in permafrost is represented by twigs, leaves, peat, grass roots, and plant detritus. The vertical distribution of total organic carbon (TOC) in exposures varies from 0.1 wt \% of the dry sediment in fluvial deposits to 45 wt \% in Holocene peats. Variations in OM parameters are related to changes in vegetation, bioproductivity, pedogenic processes, decomposition, and sedimentation rates during past climate variations. High TOC, high C/N, and low δ13C reflect less decomposed OM accumulated under wet, anaerobic soil conditions characteristic of interglacial and interstadial periods. Glacial and stadial periods are characterized by less variable, low TOC, low C/N, and high δ13C values indicating stable environments with reduced bioproductivity and stronger OM decomposition under dryer, aerobic soil conditions. Based on TOC data and updated information on bulk densities, we estimate average organic carbon inventories for ten different stratigraphic units in northeast Siberia, ranging from 7.2 kg C m−3 for Early Weichselian fluvial deposits, to 33.2 kg C m−3 for Middle Weichselian Ice Complex deposits, to 74.7 kg C m−3 for Holocene peaty deposits. The resulting landscape average is likely about 25\% lower than previously published permafrost carbon inventories.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jg001647", doi = "10.1029/2011jg001647", openalex = "W2126137847", references = "doi101016jearscirev201004002" } @article{doi101093sysbiosyr107, author = "Parham, James F. and Donoghue, Philip C. J. and Bell, Christopher J. and Calway, Tyler and Head, Jason J. and Holroyd, Patricia A. and Inoue, Jun and Irmis, Randall B. and Joyce, Walter G. and Ksepka, Daniel T. and Patané, José Salvatore Leister and Smith, Nathan D. and Tarver, James E. and van Tuinen, Marcel and Yang, Ziheng and Angielczyk, Kenneth D. and Greenwood, Jenny M. and Hipsley, Christy A. and Jacobs, Louis L. and Makovicky, Peter J. and Müller, Johannes and Smith, Krister T. and Theodor, Jessica M. and Warnock, Rachel C. M. and Benton, Michael J.", title = "Best Practices for Justifying Fossil Calibrations", year = "2011", journal = "Systematic Biology", abstract = "Our ability to correlate biological evolution with climate change, geological evolution, and other historical patterns is essential to understanding the processes that shape biodiversity. Combining data from the fossil record with molecular phylogenetics represents an exciting synthetic approach to this challenge. The first molecular divergence dating analysis (Zuckerkandl and Pauling 1962) was based on a measure of the amino acid differences in the hemoglobin molecule, with replacement rates established (calibrated) using paleontological age estimates from textbooks (e.g., Dodson 1960). Since that time, the amount of molecular sequence data has increased dramatically, affording ever-greater opportunities to apply molecular divergence approaches to fundamental problems in evolutionary biology.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syr107", doi = "10.1093/sysbio/syr107", openalex = "W2113525598", references = "doi101016jepsl200909013, doi101016jgca201006017, doi101016jtig200403007, doi101017cbo9780511536045, doi101038nature08745, doi101093molbevmsj024, doi101093molbevmsl150, doi101093oxfordjournalsmolbeva025892, doi101093sysbio3817, doi101111j00310239200300301x, doi101111j14698137201103794x, doi101126science1101012, doi101126science13334591105, doi1012060003009020073021taoeoa20co2, doi101371journalpbio0040088, doi101371journalpone0009329, doi1023072992432, doi104095215638, openalexw1535663436, openalexw2989049194, openalexw592572837" } @article{doi101093sysbiosyr116, author = "Sauquet, Hervé and Ho, Simon Y. W. and Gandolfo, María A. and Jordan, Gregory J. and Wilf, Peter and Cantrill, David J. and Bayly, Michael J. and Bromham, Lindell and Brown, Gillian K. and Carpenter, Raymond J. and Lee, Daphne M. and Murphy, Daniel J. and Sniderman, Kale and Udovicic, Frank", title = "Testing the Impact of Calibration on Molecular Divergence Times Using a Fossil-Rich Group: The Case of Nothofagus (Fagales)", year = "2011", journal = "Systematic Biology", abstract = "Although temporal calibration is widely recognized as critical for obtaining accurate divergence-time estimates using molecular dating methods, few studies have evaluated the variation resulting from different calibration strategies. Depending on the information available, researchers have often used primary calibrations from the fossil record or secondary calibrations from previous molecular dating studies. In analyses of flowering plants, primary calibration data can be obtained from macro- and mesofossils (e.g., leaves, flowers, and fruits) or microfossils (e.g., pollen). Fossil data can vary substantially in accuracy and precision, presenting a difficult choice when selecting appropriate calibrations. Here, we test the impact of eight plausible calibration scenarios for Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae, Fagales), a plant genus with a particularly rich and well-studied fossil record. To do so, we reviewed the phylogenetic placement and geochronology of 38 fossil taxa of Nothofagus and other Fagales, and we identified minimum age constraints for up to 18 nodes of the phylogeny of Fagales. Molecular dating analyses were conducted for each scenario using maximum likelihood (RAxML + r8s) and Bayesian (BEAST) approaches on sequence data from six regions of the chloroplast and nuclear genomes. Using either ingroup or outgroup constraints, or both, led to similar age estimates, except near strongly influential calibration nodes. Using early but risky fossil constraints in addition to safe but late constraints, or using assumptions of vicariance instead of fossil constraints, led to older age estimates. In contrast, using secondary calibration points yielded drastically younger age estimates. This empirical study highlights the critical influence of calibration on molecular dating analyses. Even in a best-case situation, with many thoroughly vetted fossils available, substantial uncertainties can remain in the estimates of divergence times. For example, our estimates for the crown group age of Nothofagus varied from 13 to 113 Ma across our full range of calibration scenarios. We suggest that increased background research should be made at all stages of the calibration process to reduce errors wherever possible, from verifying the geochronological data on the fossils to critical reassessment of their phylogenetic position.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syr116", doi = "10.1093/sysbio/syr116", openalex = "W2171217030", references = "doi101016b9780444594259000287, doi101111j14698137201103794x, doi101371journalpone0001615, doi1018900921381" } @article{doi101146annurevento120710100600, author = "LaPolla, John S. and Dlussky, G. M. and Perrichot, Vincent", title = "Ants and the Fossil Record", year = "2011", journal = "Annual Review of Entomology", abstract = "The dominance of ants in the terrestrial biosphere has few equals among animals today, but this was not always the case. The oldest ants appear in the fossil record 100 million years ago, but given the scarcity of their fossils, it is presumed they were relatively minor components of Mesozoic insect life. The ant fossil record consists of two primary types of fossils, each with inherent biases: as imprints in rock and as inclusions in fossilized resins (amber). New imaging technology allows ancient ant fossils to be examined in ways never before possible. This is particularly helpful because it can be difficult to distinguish true ants from non-ants in Mesozoic fossils. Fossil discoveries continue to inform our understanding of ancient ant morphological diversity, as well as provide insights into their paleobiology.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100600", doi = "10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100600", openalex = "W2123712267", references = "doi101016jsedgeo200401006, doi101016jsedgeo200611007, doi105479si00963801492119469" } @article{doi1011646zootaxa328611, author = "Sohn, Jae‐Cheon and Labandeira, Conrad C. and Davis, Donald S. and Mitter, Charles", title = "An annotated catalog of fossil and subfossil Lepidoptera (Insecta: Holometabola) of the world", year = "2012", journal = "Zootaxa", abstract = "In this catalog, we attempt to assemble all fossil records of Lepidoptera described formally or informally in the worldliterature. A total of 667 records dealing with at least 4,568 specimens have been compiled. They include descriptions of131 fossil genera and 229 fossil species, as well as 72 extant genera and 21 extant species to which some of these fossilssupposedly belong or show superficial similarity. Replacement names of two fossil genera are proposed to avoidhomonymy: Baltopsyche Sohn, gen. nov. for Palaeopsyche Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009 and Netoxena Sohn, gen. nov. forXena Martins-Neto, 1999. New generic combinations are proposed for: Tortrix? destructus Cockerell, 1916, Tortrixflorissantanus Cockerell, 1907, and Tortrix sp. sensu Gravenhorst (1835), all three to Tortricites Kozlov, 1988;Pterophorus oligocenicus Bigot, Nel and Nel, 1986, to Merrifieldia Tutt, 1905; Aporia sp. sensu Branscheid (1969) toPierites Heer, 1849; Noctua spp. sensu Hope (1836) and Lomnicki (1894), both to Noctuites Heer, 1849. Eleven namesimproperly proposed for lepidopteran fossils are invalidated: Baltonides roeselliformis Skalski in Kosmowska-Ceranowicz and Popiolek, 1981; Baltodines Kupryjanowicz, 2001; Barbarothea Scudder, 1890; Lepidopterites Piton,1936; Palaeozygaena Reiss, 1936; Psamateia calipsa Martins-Neto, 2002; Saxibatinca meyi Skalski in Kristensen andSkalski, 1998; Spatalistiforma submerga Skalski, 1976; Thanatites juvenalis Scudder, 1875; Tortricibaltia diakonoffiSkalski, 1976; and Zygaenites Reiss, 1936. An unnecessary subsequent type designation for Pierites Heer, 1849, isdiscussed. A total of 129 records include lepidopteran fossils which cannot be placed in any taxonomic rank. There alsoexist at least 25 fossil records which lack any evidence of the supposed lepidopteran association. Misidentified specimens,including 18 fossil genera, 29 fossil species and 12 unnamed fossils, are excluded from Lepidoptera. All the knownlepidopteran fossils are annotated by fossil type, specimen deposition, excavation locality, association with plants when present, and geological age. A bibliographic list of lepidopteran fossils is provided.", url = "https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3286.1.1", doi = "10.11646/zootaxa.3286.1.1", openalex = "W2131352892", references = "doi101016s0031018203006436, doi101071zo9550654, doi103133b71, openalexw3168794770" } @article{doi101017s1755691014000103, author = "Антропов, А. В. and Belokobylskij, Sergey А. and Compton, Stephen G. and Dlussky, G. M. and Khalaim, Andrey I. and Kolyada, V.A. and Kozlov, Mikhail A. and Perfilieva, K. S. and Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P.", title = "The wasps, bees and ants (Insecta: Vespida=Hymenoptera) from the Insect Limestone (Late Eocene) of the Isle of Wight, UK", year = "2013", journal = "Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh", abstract = "ABSTRACT The types and undescribed material of the hymenopteran fossils of the Insect Bed of the Bembridge Marls from the Isle of Wight (UK) are critically revised and studied. A total of 1460 fossils are recorded and attributed to 20 families: Gasteruptiidae s.l. (1); Proctotrupidae (3); Diapriidae (24); Cynipidae (7); Figitidae (6); Pteromalidae (1); Agaonidae (3); Scelionidae (12); Platygastridae (2); Ichneumonidae (32); Braconidae (75); Bethylidae (3); Crabronidae (2); Sphecidae (1); Apidae (2); Scoliidae (1); Tiphiidae (2); Vespidae (4); and Formicidae (1220). Described as new are 51 species, 13 genera, two tribes and two subfamilies. Minimum number of species recorded (either as described species or representing higher taxa with no described species in the assemblage) is 118. The composition of the hymenopteran assemblage is most similar to that of Baltic amber and indicative of a well forested territory, as well as of a humid, equable (aseasonal but not very hot) climate, more typically equable than in the Baltic amber source area, judging from the absence of Aphidiinae and scarcity of aphids.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755691014000103", doi = "10.1017/s1755691014000103", openalex = "W2134772289", references = "doi105479si00963801492119469, openalexw2205767785, openalexw3168794770" } @article{doi101111pala12044, author = "McNamara, Maria E.", title = "The taphonomy of colour in fossil insects and feathers", year = "2013", journal = "Palaeontology", abstract = "Abstract Colouration is an important multifunctional attribute of modern animals, but its evolutionary history is poorly resolved, in part because of our limited ability to recognize and interpret fossil evidence of colour. Recent studies on structural and pigmentary colours in fossil insects and feathers have illuminated important aspects of the anatomy, taphonomy, evolution and function of colour in these fossils. An understanding of the taphonomic factors that control the preservation of colour is key to assessing the fidelity with which original colours are preserved and can constrain interpretations of the visual appearance of fossil insects and theropods. Various analytical approaches can identify anatomical and chemical evidence of colour in fossils; experimental taphonomic studies inform on how colour alters during diagenesis. Preservation of colour is controlled by a suite of factors, the most important of which relate to the diagenetic history of the host sediment, that is, maximum burial temperatures and fluid flow, and subsurface weathering. Future studies focussing on key morphological and chemical aspects of colour preservation relating to cuticular pigments in insects and keratinous structures and nonmelanin pigments in feathers, for example, will resolve outstanding questions regarding the taphonomy of colour and will enhance our ability to infer original colouration and its functions in fossil insects and theropods.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12044", doi = "10.1111/pala.12044", openalex = "W1991796245", references = "doi1010070306475774, doi1010079783642809101, doi101016jibmb200501014, doi101016jibmb200910007, doi101016s1357272597000137, doi101038nature01941, doi101038nnano2007152, doi101146annurevento421147, doi1012019781420033236, openalexw1900040508" } @article{doi101134s0031030113070010, author = "Аристов, Д. С. and Bashkuev, A. S. and Голубев, В. К. and Gorochov, A.V. and Karasev, Eugeny and Kopylov, Dmitry S. and Пономаренко, А. Г. and Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P. and Rasnitsyn, D. A. and Sinitshenkova, N. D. and Sukatsheva, I. D. and Vassilenko, D. V.", title = "Fossil insects of the middle and upper Permian of European Russia", year = "2013", journal = "Paleontological Journal", abstract = "Fossil insects of European Russia from the Urzhumian to Vyatkian stages are reviewed, new taxa are described, and dynamics of insect taxonomic diversity around the Permian-Triassic boundary in light of the Paleozoic-Mesozoic boundary global extinction problem is analyzed. Traces of interactions between arthropods and plants are analyzed. Insect-bearing deposits of the Late Paleozoic found in the northern and eastern areas of the East European Platform are unique on the global scale in their completeness and continuity, allowing us to trace especially comprehensively the biotic processes that occurred around the boundary described as the time of the greatest biotic catastrophe of the Phanerozoic. A total of 28 genera and 111 species are newly described. Within the range from the Urzhumian to the Permo-Triassic boundary, 15 representative successive assemblages, including 112 families, are recognized (seven in the area in question and eight in other regions of Asia, Australia, and Africa). New tools are developed for the analysis of the dynamics of diversity. These tools show an approximately equilibrium (slightly positive) dynamics in the Urzhumian and Severodvinian and a drop in diversity during the Vyatkian Age. It is shown that Permian insect assemblages acquired a substantially post-Paleozoic pattern much earlier than the end of the Paleozoic. The character of changes that took place in the Induan and Olenekian remains uncertain, but a large-scale extinction event did not occur here: most families that have not been recorded at the beginning of the Triassic are recorded again in the Middle and Upper Triassic. Nevertheless, a biotic crisis probably actually took place, but was reduced to reorganization of the biota’s structure, which provided enormous growth of biodiversity over subsequent hundreds of millions of years, rather than resulted in catastrophic extinction. This study is intended for entomologists, stratigraphers, and all readers interested in the biotic events that took place around the Permian-Triassic boundary.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1134/s0031030113070010", doi = "10.1134/s0031030113070010", openalex = "W2038447793", references = "doi1010070306475774, doi101016jepsl200809030, doi101016jpalaeo200503015, doi101016jrevpalbo200904012, doi101071zo9550654, doi101126science11536548, doi101130spe190p291, doi101146annurevearth261329, doi1023072844778, doi105860choice404600, doi105962bhltitle34145" } @article{doi101146annurevearth050212124139, author = "Labandeira, Conrad C. and Currano, Ellen D.", title = "The Fossil Record of Plant-Insect Dynamics", year = "2013", journal = "Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences", abstract = "Progress toward understanding the dynamics of ancient plant-insect associations has addressed major patterns in the ecology and evolution of herbivory and pollination. This advancement involves development of more analytical ways of describing plant-insect associational patterns in time and space and an assessment of the role that the environment and internal biological processes have in their control. Current issues include the deep origins of terrestrial herbivory, the spread of herbivory across late Paleozoic landscapes, recoveries from sudden major crises, reaction to and accommodation of protracted environmental perturbations, and the nature of herbivory and pollination before the appearance of angiosperms during the mid-Mesozoic. These and other exploratory research themes provide a more complete account of a great nexus of ecological activity that has been wedged between the two most diverse organismic groups on land for the past 410 million years.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-050212-124139", doi = "10.1146/annurev-earth-050212-124139", openalex = "W2133509895", references = "doi1018900921381" } @article{doi101016jcretres201405007, author = "Barling, Nathan and Martill, David M. and Heads, Sam W. and Gallien, Florence", title = "High fidelity preservation of fossil insects from the Crato Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Brazil", year = "2014", journal = "Cretaceous Research", url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2014.05.007", doi = "10.1016/j.cretres.2014.05.007", openalex = "W2051055146", references = "doi1010160016703784900899, doi101016jearscirev200502001, doi101016s0031018203006436, doi101017cbo9780511535512, doi101073pnas912512278, doi101098rsta19850027, doi102475ajs26811, doi105860choice300309, ehrlich1964butterflies, openalexw2770723057" } @article{doi101016jympev201404024, author = "Beimforde, Christina and Feldberg, Kathrin and Nylinder, Stephan and Rikkinen, Jouko and Tuovila, Hanna and Dörfelt, Heinrich and Gube, Matthias and Jackson, Daniel J. and Reitner, Joachim and Seyfullah, Leyla J. and Schmidt, Alexander R.", title = "Estimating the Phanerozoic history of the Ascomycota lineages: Combining fossil and molecular data", year = "2014", journal = "Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution", abstract = "The phylum Ascomycota is by far the largest group in the fungal kingdom. Ecologically important mutualistic associations such as mycorrhizae and lichens have evolved in this group, which are regarded as key innovations that supported the evolution of land plants. Only a few attempts have been made to date the origin of Ascomycota lineages by using molecular clock methods, which is primarily due to the lack of satisfactory fossil calibration data. For this reason we have evaluated all of the oldest available ascomycete fossils from amber (Albian to Miocene) and chert (Devonian and Maastrichtian). The fossils represent five major ascomycete classes (Coniocybomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Laboulbeniomycetes, and Lecanoromycetes). We have assembled a multi-gene data set (18SrDNA, 28SrDNA, RPB1 and RPB2) from a total of 145 taxa representing most groups of the Ascomycota and utilized fossil calibration points solely from within the ascomycetes to estimate divergence times of Ascomycota lineages with a Bayesian approach. Our results suggest an initial diversification of the Pezizomycotina in the Ordovician, followed by repeated splits of lineages throughout the Phanerozoic, and indicate that this continuous diversification was unaffected by mass extinctions. We suggest that the ecological diversity within each lineage ensured that at least some taxa of each group were able to survive global crises and rapidly recovered.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.024", doi = "10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.024", openalex = "W2076419712", references = "doi101016s0031018203006436, doi101144sp3396" } @article{doi101039c4ja00395k, author = "Egerton, Victoria M. and Wogelius, Roy A. and Norell, Mark A. and Edwards, Nicholas P. and Sellers, William I. and Bergmann, Uwe and Sokaras, Dimosthenis and Alonso‐Mori, Roberto and Ignatyev, Konstantin and van Veelen, Arjen and Anné, Jennifer and van Dongen, Bart E. and Knoll, Fabien and Manning, Phillip L.", title = "The mapping and differentiation of biological and environmental elemental signatures in the fossil remains of a 50 million year old bird", year = "2015", journal = "Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry", abstract = "Synchrotron analysis of a 50 million year old bird from the Green River Formation (USA) reveals the chemistry of preservation.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ja00395k", doi = "10.1039/c4ja00395k", openalex = "W2127329380", references = "doi101111pala12044" } @article{doi101111cla12104, author = "Shi, Chaofan and Winterton, Shaun L. and Ren, Dong", title = "Phylogeny of split‐footed lacewings (N europtera, N ymphidae), with descriptions of new C retaceous fossil species from C hina", year = "2015", journal = "Cladistics", abstract = "A phylogeny of the lacewing family Nymphidae based on morphology and DNA sequences is presented including representatives of all living genera and selected fossil genera. Widely distributed Jurassic and Cretaceous genera gave rise to recent taxa now restricted to Australasia. Two previously defined clades (i.e. Nymphinae and Myiodactylinae) were recovered and reflect the diverging adult and larval morphology of members of these two subfamilies. From Chinese Cretaceous deposits, a new genus (Spilonymphes gen. nov.) is described with one new species, as well as new species described in the genera Baissoleon Makarkin and Sialium Westwood.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12104", doi = "10.1111/cla.12104", openalex = "W2011896098", references = "doi103133b71" } @article{doi101134s0031030115130067, author = "Legalov, Andrei A.", title = "Fossil Mesozoic and Cenozoic weevils (Coleoptera, Obrienioidea, Curculionoidea)", year = "2015", journal = "Paleontological Journal", abstract = "All known extinct species of Mesozoic and Cenozoic weevils are listed. Ten species of Obrienioidea and 895 Curculionoidea species are recognized, including 88 Nemonychidae, 43 Anthribidae, 44 Ithyceridae, 65 Scolytidae, 12 Belidae, 67 Brentidae, 508 Curcuionidae, 45 Rhynchitidae, six Attelabidae, and 16 Platypodidae. The Triassic beds have yielded six fossil species; Jurassic, 64; Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary, 2; Cretaceous, 105; Paleogene, 510; Neogene, 190; and Pleistocene–Holocene, 22 (5 are synonyms). A new subfamily, Montsecbelinae Legalov, subfam. nov. (with the type genus Montsecbelus Zherikhin et Gratshev, 1997); the new tribes Cretochoragini Legalov, trib. nov. (with the type genus Cretochoragus Soriano et al., 2006), Montsecanomalini Legalov, trib. nov. (with the type genus Montsecanomalus Soriano et al., 2006), Montsecbelini Legalov, trib. nov. (with the type genus Montsecbelus Zherikhin et Gratshev, 1997), Gratshevibelini Legalov, trib. nov. (with the type genus Gratshevibelus Soriano, 2009), Davidibelini Legalov, trib. nov. (with the type genus Davidibelus Zherikhin et Gratshev, 2004); the new genera Allandroides Legalov, gen. nov. (with the type species Allandroides vossi Legalov, sp. nov.), Baissabrenthorhinus Legalov, gen. nov. (with the type species Baissabrenthorhinus mirabilis Legalov, sp. nov.), Ithyceroides Legalov, gen. nov. (with the type species Ithyceroides klondikensis Legalov, sp. nov.), Furhylobius Legalov, gen. nov. (with the type species Furhylobius troesteri Legalov, sp. nov.), Electrauletes Legalov, gen. nov. (with the type species Electrauletes unicus Legalov, sp. nov.); new species Allandroides vossi Legalov, sp. nov. (Baltic amber), Glaesotropis gusakovi Legalov, sp. nov. (Baltic amber), G. succiniferus Legalov, sp. nov. (Baltic amber), G. alleni Legalov, sp. nov. (Baltic amber), G. gratshevi Legalov, sp. nov. (Baltic amber), Baissabrenthorhinus mirabilis Legalov, sp. nov. (Baissa locality), Ithyceroides klondikensis Legalov, sp. nov. (Republic Graben locality), Melanapion poinari Legalov, sp. nov. (Baltic amber), M. gusakovi Legalov, sp. nov. (Baltic amber), Furhylobius troesteri Legalov, sp. nov. (Mors locality), Baltocar convexus Legalov, sp. nov. (Baltic amber), and Electrauletes unicus Legalov, sp. nov. (Baltic amber) are newly described.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1134/s0031030115130067", doi = "10.1134/s0031030115130067", openalex = "W2266185572", references = "openalexw3168794770" } @article{doi101371journalpone0130127, author = "Legendre, Frédéric and Nel, André and Svenson, Gavin J. and Robillard, Tony and Pellens, Roseli and Grandcolas, Philippe", title = "Phylogeny of Dictyoptera: Dating the Origin of Cockroaches, Praying Mantises and Termites with Molecular Data and Controlled Fossil Evidence", year = "2015", journal = "PLoS ONE", abstract = "Understanding the origin and diversification of organisms requires a good phylogenetic estimate of their age and diversification rates. This estimate can be difficult to obtain when samples are limited and fossil records are disputed, as in Dictyoptera. To choose among competing hypotheses of origin for dictyopteran suborders, we root a phylogenetic analysis (\textasciitilde 800 taxa, 10 kbp) within a large selection of outgroups and calibrate datings with fossils attributed to lineages with clear synapomorphies. We find the following topology: (mantises, (other cockroaches, (Cryptocercidae, termites)). Our datings suggest that crown-Dictyoptera-and stem-mantises-would date back to the Late Carboniferous (\textasciitilde\ 300 Mya), a result compatible with the oldest putative fossil of stem-dictyoptera. Crown-mantises, however, would be much more recent (\textasciitilde\ 200 Mya; Triassic/Jurassic boundary). This pattern (i.e., old origin and more recent diversification) suggests a scenario of replacement in carnivory among polyneopterous insects. The most recent common ancestor of (cockroaches + termites) would date back to the Permian (\textasciitilde 275 Mya), which contradicts the hypothesis of a Devonian origin of cockroaches. Stem-termites would date back to the Triassic/Jurassic boundary, which refutes a Triassic origin. We suggest directions in extant and extinct species sampling to sharpen this chronological framework and dictyopteran evolutionary studies.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130127", doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0130127", openalex = "W2140513367", references = "doi10108010635150490522304, doi10108010635150802429642, doi101093bioinformaticsbtg412, doi101093bioinformaticsbtl446, doi101093nargkh340, doi101093sysbio274401, doi101126science1257570, doi101134s0031030113070010, doi101146annurevento120710100538, doi101186147121487214, doi1014601phytopatholmediterr14998u129, hasiotis1995termite, openalexw2733548038" } @article{doi101016jcretres201512025, author = "Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P. and Bashkuev, A. S. and Kopylov, Dmitry S. and Lukashevich, Elena D. and Пономаренко, А. Г. and Popov, Yu. A. and Rasnitsyn, D. A. and Рыжкова, О. В. and Sidorchuk, Ekaterina and Sukatsheva, I. D. and Vorontsov, Dmitry", title = "Sequence and scale of changes in the terrestrial biota during the Cretaceous (based on materials from fossil resins)", year = "2016", journal = "Cretaceous Research", url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.12.025", doi = "10.1016/j.cretres.2015.12.025", openalex = "W2254184482", references = "doi101134s0031030113070010" } @article{doi101016jearscirev201606008, author = "Wolfe, Joanna M. and Daley, Allison C. and Legg, David and Edgecombe, Gregory D.", title = "Fossil calibrations for the arthropod Tree of Life", year = "2016", journal = "Earth-Science Reviews", url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.06.008", doi = "10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.06.008", openalex = "W2951557978", references = "doi101002gj1045, doi101016b9780444594259000196, doi101016b9780444594259000214, doi101016b9780444594259000238, doi101016jcretres201203014, doi101016jcub201205018, doi101016jpalaeo201005031, doi101017cbo9780511535512, doi101038nature08742, doi101038nature09038, doi101038ncomms3485, doi101073pnas1012675108, doi101086675935, doi101093molbevmsj024, doi101093molbevmss216, doi101093sysbio4611, doi101093sysbiosys058, doi101093sysbiosyv080, doi101098rstb19810033, doi101111brv12168, doi101111j15023931200800115x, doi101111syen12132, doi101126science1107765, doi101126science1257570, doi1011631875986607303002, doi101186147121481452, doi101371journalpone0130127, doi10166600223360200680638jmftld20co2, doi101666090751, doi105860choice501469, doi107717peerj1719, doi107717peerj62, müller1983crustacea, openalexw1900040508" } @article{doi101134s0031030116020052, author = "Пономаренко, А. Г.", title = "Insects during the time around the Permian—Triassic crisis", year = "2016", journal = "Paleontological Journal", abstract = "Dramatic changes in ancient biotas usually interpreted as ecological crises or mass extinctions are treated in many publications of every sort, and yet our notions about such events remain insufficient. The data of fossil insect studies about the Permian—Triassic crisis, thought to be the greatest in the Phanerozoic, are reviewed here.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1134/s0031030116020052", doi = "10.1134/s0031030116020052", openalex = "W2394423680", references = "doi101134s0031030113070010" } @article{doi101371journalpone0165205, author = "Labandeira, Conrad C. and Kustatscher, Evelyn and Wappler, Torsten", title = "Floral Assemblages and Patterns of Insect Herbivory during the Permian to Triassic of Northeastern Italy", year = "2016", journal = "PLoS ONE", abstract = "To discern the effect of the end-Permian (P-Tr) ecological crisis on land, interactions between plants and their insect herbivores were examined for four time intervals containing ten major floras from the Dolomites of northeastern Italy during a Permian-Triassic interval. These floras are: (i) the Kungurian Tregiovo Flora; (ii) the Wuchiapingian Bletterbach Flora; (iii) three Anisian floras; and (iv) five Ladinian floras. Derived plant-insect interactional data is based on 4242 plant specimens (1995 Permian, 2247 Triassic) allocated to 86 fossil taxa (32 Permian, 56 Triassic), representing lycophytes, sphenophytes, pteridophytes, pteridosperms, ginkgophytes, cycadophytes and coniferophytes from 37 million-year interval (23 m.yr. Permian, 14 m.yr. Triassic). Major Kungurian herbivorized plants were unaffiliated taxa and pteridosperms; later during the Wuchiapingian cycadophytes were predominantly consumed. For the Anisian, pteridosperms and cycadophytes were preferentially consumed, and subordinately pteridophytes, lycophytes and conifers. Ladinian herbivores overwhelming targeted pteridosperms and subordinately cycadophytes and conifers. Throughout the interval the percentage of insect-damaged leaves in bulk floras, as a proportion of total leaves examined, varied from 3.6\% for the Kungurian (N = 464 leaves), 1.95\% for the Wuchiapingian (N = 1531), 11.65\% for the pooled Anisian (N = 1324), to 10.72\% for the pooled Ladinian (N = 923), documenting an overall herbivory rise. The percentage of generalized consumption, equivalent to external foliage feeding, consistently exceeded the level of specialized consumption from internal feeding. Generalized damage ranged from 73.6\% (Kungurian) of all feeding damage, to 79\% (Wuchiapingian), 65.5\% (pooled Anisian) and 73.2\% (pooled Ladinian). Generalized-to-specialized ratios show minimal change through the interval, although herbivore component community structure (herbivore species feeding on a single plant-host species) increasingly was partitioned from Wuchiapingian to Ladinian. The Paleozoic plant with the richest herbivore component community, the coniferophyte Pseudovoltzia liebeana, harbored four damage types (DTs), whereas its Triassic parallel, the pteridosperm Scytophyllum bergeri housed 11 DTs, almost four times that of P. liebeana. Although generalized DTs of P. liebeana were similar to S. bergeri, there was expansion of Triassic specialized feeding types, including leaf mining. Permian-Triassic generalized herbivory remained relatively constant, but specialized herbivores more finely partitioned plant-host tissues via new feeding modes, especially in the Anisian. Insect-damaged leaf percentages for Dolomites Kungurian and Wuchiapingian floras were similar to those of lower Permian, north-central Texas, but only one-third that of southeastern Brazil. Global herbivore patterns for Early Triassic plant-insect interactions remain unknown.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165205", doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0165205", openalex = "W2551517161", references = "doi101134s0031030113070010" } @article{doi107717peerj1988, author = "Tarasov, Sergei and Vaz‐de‐Mello, Fernando Zagury and Krell, Frank‐Thorsten and Dimitrov, Dimitar", title = "A review and phylogeny of Scarabaeine dung beetle fossils (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), with the description of two Canthochilum species from Dominican amber", year = "2016", journal = "PeerJ", abstract = "Despite the increasing rate of systematic research on scarabaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), their fossil record has remained largely unrevised. In this paper, we review all 33 named scarabaeine fossils and describe two new species from Dominican amber (Canthochilum alleni sp.n., Canthochilum philipsivieorum sp.n.). We provide a catalogue of all fossil Scarabaeinae and evaluate their assignment to this subfamily, based primarily on the original descriptions but also, where possible, by examining the type specimens. We suggest that only 21 fossil taxa can be reliably assigned to the Scarabaeinae, while the remaining 14 should be treated as doubtful Scarabaeinae. The doubtful scarabaeines include the two oldest dung beetle fossils known from the Cretaceous and we suggest excluding them from any assessments of the minimum age of scarabaeine dung beetles. The earliest reliably described scarabaeine fossil appears to be Lobateuchus parisii, known from Oise amber (France), which shifts the minimum age of the Scarabaeinae to the Eocene (53 Ma). We scored the best-preserved fossils, namely Lobateuchus and the two Canthochilum species described herein, into the character matrix used in a recent morphology-based study of dung beetles, and then inferred their phylogenetic relationships with Bayesian and parsimony methods. All analyses yielded consistent phylogenies where the two fossil Canthochilum are placed in a clade with the extant species of Canthochilum, and Lobateuchus is recovered in a clade with the extant genera Ateuchus and Aphengium. Additionally, we evaluated the distribution of dung beetle fossils in the light of current global dung beetle phylogenetic hypotheses, geological time and biogeography. The presence of only extant genera in the late Oligocene and all later records suggests that the main present-day dung beetle lineages had already been established by the late Oligocene-mid Miocene.", url = "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1988", doi = "10.7717/peerj.1988", openalex = "W2379688514", references = "doi101016jsedgeo200611007, openalexw3168794770" } @article{doi107717peerj2756, author = "Osés, Gabriel Ladeira and Petri, Setembrino and Becker-Kerber, Bruno and Romero, Guilherme Raffaeli and Rizzutto, M. A. and Rodrigues, Fábio and Galante, Douglas and da Silva, Tiago Fiorini and Curado, Jessica Fleury and Rangel, Elidiane Cipriano and Ribeiro, Rafael Parra and Pacheco, Mírian Liza Alves Forancelli", title = "Deciphering the preservation of fossil insects: a case study from the Crato Member, Early Cretaceous of Brazil", year = "2016", journal = "PeerJ", abstract = "Exceptionally well-preserved three-dimensional insects with fine details and even labile tissues are ubiquitous in the Crato Member Konservat Lagerstätte (northeastern Brazil). Here we investigate the preservational pathways which yielded such specimens. We employed high resolution techniques (EDXRF, SR-SXS, SEM, EDS, micro Raman, and PIXE) to understand their fossilisation on mineralogical and geochemical grounds. Pseudomorphs of framboidal pyrite, the dominant fossil microfabric, display size variation when comparing cuticle with inner areas or soft tissues, which we interpret as the result of the balance between ion diffusion rates and nucleation rates of pyrite through the originally decaying carcasses. Furthermore, the mineral fabrics are associated with structures that can be the remains of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Geochemical data also point to a concentration of Fe, Zn, and Cu in the fossils in comparison to the embedding rock. Therefore, we consider that biofilms of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) had a central role in insect decay and mineralisation. Therefore, we shed light on exceptional preservation of fossils by pyritisation in a Cretaceous limestone lacustrine palaeoenvironment.", url = "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2756", doi = "10.7717/peerj.2756", openalex = "W2562329176", references = "briggs2003the, doi1010160016703784900899, doi101016jcretres201405007, doi101016jearscirev200810005, doi101016jsedgeo201605007, doi101016jvibspec200707003, doi101016s0016703700003872, doi101038361436a0, doi101098rstb19850134, doi101126science29054971744, doi1023073515360, openalexw290944911" } @article{doi101016jgr201704020, author = "Muscente, A.D. and Schiffbauer, James D. and Broce, Jesse S. and Laflamme, Marc and O'Donnell, Kenneth H. and Boag, Thomas H. and Meyer, Michael and Hawkins, Andrew D. and Huntley, John Warren and McNamara, Maria E. and MacKenzie, Lindsay Ann and Stanley, George D. and Hinman, Nancy W. and Hofmann, Michaël and Xiao, Shuhai", title = "Exceptionally preserved fossil assemblages through geologic time and space", year = "2017", journal = "Gondwana Research", url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2017.04.020", doi = "10.1016/j.gr.2017.04.020", openalex = "W2609095816", references = "briggs1996the, doi101016jgr201211004, doi101016jpalaeo201202009, doi101016s0031018203006436, doi101038nature09038, doi101073pnas1111784109, doi101126science2224620163, doi101126science28153801173, doi101130g325801, doi1016660094837320020280155lgatio20co2" } @article{doi101038s41598017131875, author = "Lindgren, Johan and Kuriyama, Takeo and Madsen, Henrik and Sjövall, Peter and Zheng, Wenxia and Uvdal, P. and Engdahl, Anders and Moyer, Alison E. and Gren, Johan A. and Kamezaki, Naoki and Ueno, Shintaro and Schweitzer, Mary H.", title = "Biochemistry and adaptive colouration of an exceptionally preserved juvenile fossil sea turtle", year = "2017", journal = "Scientific Reports", abstract = "Abstract The holotype (MHM-K2) of the Eocene cheloniine Tasbacka danica is arguably one of the best preserved juvenile fossil sea turtles on record. Notwithstanding compactional flattening, the specimen is virtually intact, comprising a fully articulated skeleton exposed in dorsal view. MHM-K2 also preserves, with great fidelity, soft tissue traces visible as a sharply delineated carbon film around the bones and marginal scutes along the edge of the carapace. Here we show that the extraordinary preservation of the type of T. danica goes beyond gross morphology to include ultrastructural details and labile molecular components of the once-living animal. Haemoglobin-derived compounds, eumelanic pigments and proteinaceous materials retaining the immunological characteristics of sauropsid-specific β-keratin and tropomyosin were detected in tissues containing remnant melanosomes and decayed keratin plates. The preserved organics represent condensed remains of the cornified epidermis and, likely also, deeper anatomical features, and provide direct chemical evidence that adaptive melanism – a biological means used by extant sea turtle hatchlings to elevate metabolic and growth rates – had evolved 54 million years ago.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13187-5", doi = "10.1038/s41598-017-13187-5", openalex = "W2761110998", references = "doi101038srep25716" } @article{doi101038srep45160, author = "Iniesto, Miguel and Villalba, I. and Buscalioni, Ángela D. and Guerrero, M. C. and López‐Archilla, Ana Isabel", title = "The Effect Of microbial Mats In The Decay Of Anurans With Implications For Understanding Taphonomic Processes In The Fossil Record", year = "2017", journal = "Scientific Reports", abstract = "The pattern and sequence of the decomposition of the Pipidae African dwarf frog (Hymenochirus boettgeri) is tracked in an experiment with microbial mats in order to explore soft tissue preservation over three years. Frog decay in microbial mats is preceded by rapid entombment (25-30 days) and mediated by the formation of a sarcophagus, which is built by a complex microbial community. The frog carcasses maintained a variety of soft tissues for years. Labile organic structures show greater durability within the mat, cells maintain their general shape (bone marrow cells and adipocytes), and muscles and connective tissues (adipose and fibrous tendons) exhibit their original organic structures. In addition, other soft tissues are promptly mineralized (day 540) in a Ca-rich carbonate phase (encephalic tectum) or enriched in sulphur residues (integumentary system). The result is coherent with a bias in soft-tissue preservation, as some tissues are more likely to be conserved than others. The outcomes support observations of exceptionally preserved fossil anurans (adults and tadpoles). Decomposition in mats shows singular conditions of pH and dissolved oxygen. Mineralization processes could be more diverse than in simple heterotrophic biofilms, opening new taphonomic processes that have yet to be explored.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep45160", doi = "10.1038/srep45160", openalex = "W2603112912", references = "doi101038srep25716" } @article{doi1025849myrmecolnews024001, author = "Barden, Phillip", title = "Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages", year = "2017", journal = "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", abstract = "Barden, Phillip (2016): Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages. Myrmecological News 24: 1-30, DOI: 10.25849/myrmecol.news\_024:001", url = "https://doi.org/10.25849/myrmecol.news\_024:001", doi = "10.25849/myrmecol.news\_024:001", openalex = "W2950439056", references = "doi105479si00963801492119469" } @article{doi105194fr202152017, author = "Harms, Danilo and Dunlop, Jason A.", title = "The fossil history of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones)", year = "2017", journal = "Fossil record", abstract = "Abstract. Pseudoscorpions, given their resemblance to scorpions, have attracted human attention since the time of Aristotle, although they are much smaller and lack the sting and elongated tail. These arachnids have a long evolutionary history but their origins and phylogenetic affinities are still being debated. Here, we summarise their fossil record based on a comprehensive review of the literature and data contained in other sources. Pseudoscorpions are one of the oldest colonisers of the land, with fossils known since the Middle Devonian (ca. 390 Ma). The only arachnid orders with an older fossil record are scorpions, harvestmen and acariform mites, plus two extinct groups. Pseudoscorpions do not fossilise easily, and records from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic consist almost exclusively of amber inclusions. Most Mesozoic fossils come from Archingeay and Burmese ambers (Late Cretaceous) and those from the Cenozoic are primarily from Eocene Baltic amber, although additional fossils from, for example, Miocene Dominican and Mexican ambers, are known. Overall, 16 of the 26 families of living pseudoscorpions have been documented from fossils and 49 currently valid species are recognised in the literature. Pseudoscorpions represent a case of morphological stasis and even the Devonian fossils look rather modern. Indeed, most amber fossils are comparable to Recent groups despite a major gap in the fossil record of almost 250 Myr. Baltic amber inclusions indicate palaeofauna inhabiting much warmer climates than today and point to climatic shifts in central Europe since the Eocene. They also indicate that some groups (e.g. Feaellidae and Pseudogarypidae) had much wider Eocene distributions. Their present-day occurrence is relictual and highlights past extinction events. Faunas from younger tropical amber deposits (e.g. Dominican and Mexican amber) are comparable to Recent ones. Generally, there is a strong bias in the amber record towards groups that live under tree bark, whereas those from litter habitats are underrepresented. We also discuss challenges in interpreting fossils: their cryptic morphology warranting novel techniques of morphological reconstruction, the massive gap in the fossil record between the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic, and problems with the classification of (historically) old amber material. Finally, we discuss aspects of the palaeoecology and biology of the fossils compared with the Recent fauna, such as phoresy.", url = "https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-215-2017", doi = "10.5194/fr-20-215-2017", openalex = "W2742604575", references = "doi103133b71" } @article{doi101016jjsames2019102443, author = "Dias, Jaime Joaquim and de Souza Carvalho, Ismar", title = "Remarkable fossil crickets preservation from Crato Formation (Aptian, Araripe Basin), a Lagerstätten from Brazil", year = "2019", journal = "Journal of South American Earth Sciences", url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2019.102443", doi = "10.1016/j.jsames.2019.102443", openalex = "W2991306010", references = "doi107717peerj2756" } @article{doi101017s1473550418000538, author = "Gomes, Amanda L. S. and Becker-Kerber, Bruno and Osés, Gabriel Ladeira and Prado, Gustavo and Kerber, Pedro Becker and de Barros, Gabriel E. B. and Galante, Douglas and Rangel, Elidiane Cipriano and Bidola, Pidassa and Herzen, Julia and Pfeiffer, Franz and Rizzutto, M. A. and Pacheco, Mírian Liza Alves Forancelli", title = "Paleometry as a key tool to deal with paleobiological and astrobiological issues: some contributions and reflections on the Brazilian fossil record", year = "2019", journal = "International Journal of Astrobiology", abstract = "Abstract Investigations into the existence of life in other parts of the cosmos find strong parallels with studies of the origin and evolution of life on our own planet. In this way, astrobiology and paleobiology are married by their common interest in disentangling the interconnections between life and the surrounding environment. In this way, a cross-point of both sciences is paleometry, which involves a myriad of imaging and geochemical techniques, usually non-destructive, applied to the investigation of the fossil record. In the last decades, paleometry has benefited from an unprecedented technological improvement, thus solving old questions and raising new ones. This advance has been paralleled by conceptual approaches and discoveries fuelled by technological evolution in astrobiological research. In this context, we present some new data and review recent advances on the employment of paleometry to investigations on paleobiology and astrobiology in Brazil in areas such biosignatures in Ediacaran microbial mats, biogenicity tests on enigmatic Ediacaran structures, research on Ediacaran metazoan biomineralization, fossil preservation in Cretaceous insects and fish, and finally the experimental study on the decay of fish to test the effect of distinct types of sediment on soft-tissue preservation, as well as the effects of early diagenesis on fish bone preservation.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1473550418000538", doi = "10.1017/s1473550418000538", openalex = "W2924110027", references = "doi107717peerj2756" } @article{doi101038s41598019429389, author = "McCoy, Victoria E. and Gabbott, Sarah E. and Penkman, Kirsty and Collins, Matthew J. and Presslee, Samantha and Holt, J. W. and Grossman, Harrison and Wáng, Bó and Solórzano‐Kraemer, Mónica M. and Delclòs, Xavier and Peñalver, Enrique", title = "Ancient amino acids from fossil feathers in amber", year = "2019", journal = "Scientific Reports", abstract = "Ancient protein analysis is a rapidly developing field of research. Proteins ranging in age from the Quaternary to Jurassic are being used to answer questions about phylogeny, evolution, and extinction. However, these analyses are sometimes contentious, and focus primarily on large vertebrates in sedimentary fossilisation environments; there are few studies of protein preservation in fossils in amber. Here we show exceptionally slow racemisation rates during thermal degradation experiments of resin enclosed feathers, relative to previous thermal degradation experiments of ostrich eggshell, coral skeleton, and limpet shell. We also recover amino acids from two specimens of fossil feathers in amber. The amino acid compositions are broadly similar to those of degraded feathers, but concentrations are very low, suggesting that much of the original protein has been degraded and lost. High levels of racemisation in more apolar, slowly racemising amino acids suggest that some of the amino acids were ancient and therefore original. Our findings indicate that the unique fossilisation environment inside amber shows potential for the recovery of ancient amino acids and proteins.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42938-9", doi = "10.1038/s41598-019-42938-9", openalex = "W2941236146", references = "doi101016s0031018203006436, doi101038nature14249" } @article{doi101007s4151302000119y, author = "Bezerra, Francisco Irineudo and da Silva, João Hermínio and de Castro Miguel, Emílio and Paschoal, Alexandre Rocha and do Nascimento, Daniel Rodrigues and Freire, Paulo and Viana, Bartolomeu C. and Mendes, Márcio", title = "Chemical and mineral comparison of fossil insect cuticles from Crato Konservat Lagerstätte, Lower Cretaceous of Brazil", year = "2020", journal = "Journal of Iberian Geology", url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-020-00119-y", doi = "10.1007/s41513-020-00119-y", openalex = "W3002653415", references = "doi101111pala12044, doi107717peerj2756" } @article{doi101016jpalaeo2020110156, author = "Iniesto, Miguel and Gutiérrez-Silva, Paula and Dias, Jaime Joaquim and de Souza Carvalho, Ismar and Buscalioni, Ángela D. and López‐Archilla, Ana Isabel", title = "Soft tissue histology of insect larvae decayed in laboratory experiments using microbial mats: Taphonomic comparison with Cretaceous fossil insects from the exceptionally preserved biota of Araripe, Brazil", year = "2020", journal = "Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology", url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110156", doi = "10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110156", openalex = "W3112459110", references = "doi102110palo2019041, doi107717peerj2756" } @article{doi101134s0013873820070015, author = "Khramov, Alexander V. and Bashkuev, A. S. and Lukashevich, Elena D.", title = "The Fossil Record of Long-Proboscid Nectarivorous Insects", year = "2020", journal = "Entomological Review", abstract = "The paper overviews the fossil record of insects with long mouthparts and rostra adapted to feeding on floral nectar and pollination drops of extinct gymnosperms. The presence of suctorial mouthparts is demonstrated for the first time for the Permian mecopterans Permochoristidae and Permotanyderidae. The long-proboscid scorpionflies Mesopsychidae are recorded for the first time from the Upper Jurassic of Kazakhstan. A new finding of a detached head of a long-proboscid nectar-feeding brachyceran fly is reported from the Lower Cretaceous of Transbaikalia. Three major radiations of long-proboscid nectar feeders are identified: the Paleozoic, the Mesozoic, and the Cenozoic one; they were related to the Paleozoic seed ferns, the Bennettitales and other Mesozoic entomophilous gymnosperms, and the flowering plants, respectively. The earliest long-proboscid nectar feeders, found in the Lower Permian deposits of the Cis-Urals, belong to Protomeropidae (stem-Amphiesmenoptera). The few other Paleozoic insects specialized to nectarivory probably also included some long-proboscid Permochoristidae. The diversity of long-proboscid nectar feeders shows a dramatic increase since the Middle Jurassic. About 70 Mesozoic species with preserved long mouthparts and rostra are known to date; they belong to 12 families and 3 orders (Mecoptera, Neuroptera, and Diptera) and can be clustered into three morphogroups. With the beginning of the Cenozoic the long-proboscid Mecoptera and Neuroptera were supplanted by Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera in the nectar-feeding niche, while Diptera on the whole retained this specialization. Considerable abundance of long-proboscid nectar feeders before the appearance of flowers with hidden nectar indicates that complex pollination systems first evolved in gymnosperms. Therefore, insect pollination cannot be considered the key novelty in flowering plants crucial for their evolutionary success.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1134/s0013873820070015", doi = "10.1134/s0013873820070015", openalex = "W3127685417", references = "doi101134s0031030113070010" } @article{doi101134s0031030120110027, author = "Kopylov, Dmitry S. and Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P. and Аристов, Д. С. and Bashkuev, A. S. and Bazhenova, N. V. and Dmitriev, V. Yu. and Gorochov, A.V. and Ignatov, Michael S. and Иванов, В. Д. and Khramov, Alexander V. and Legalov, Andrei A. and Lukashevich, Elena D. and Mamontov, Yuriy S. and Melnitsky, S. I. and Ogłaza, Bartosz and Пономаренко, А. Г. and Прокин, А. А. and Рыжкова, О. В. and Shmakov, A. S. and Sinitshenkova, N. D. and Solodovnikov, Alexey and Strelnikova, O. D. and Сукачева, И. Д. and Uliakhin, А. V. and Vasilenko, Dmitry V. and Węgierek, Piotr and Yan, Evgeny V. and Zmarzły, Marzena", title = "The Khasurty Fossil Insect Lagerstätte", year = "2020", journal = "Paleontological Journal", abstract = "The Khasurty locality (Lower Cretaceous of Transbaikalia, Russia) is one of the largest fossil insect sites in the region. Over the entire period of study, more than 6000 insect imprints have been collected here, representing 16 orders and 130 families. Dipterans, aphids and hymenopterans are the most common forms here, the most diverse taxa are Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Trichoptera. In addition to insects, remains of crustaceans, mosses, liverworts and vascular plants were found in Khasurty, as well as occasional finds of arachnids, bird feathers and fish scales. Two new families, 17 new genera and 21 new species of Trichoptera, two new species of Orthoptera, one new genus and species of Phasmatoptera, one new species of Reculida, three new genera and species of Hemiptera, a new genus and species of Thysanoptera, a new genus and species of Hymenoptera, a new subfamily, two new genera and six new species of Lepidoptera, three new genera and four new species of Neuroptera, as well as a new genus and species of liverworts are described. In terms of the composition of the fauna and flora, the Khasurty locality is very peculiar, it includes both Jurassic and Cretaceous taxa, but in general it can be attributed to the Jehol biota.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1134/s0031030120110027", doi = "10.1134/s0031030120110027", openalex = "W3127563110", references = "doi101134s0031030113070010" } @article{doi103390geosciences10020073, author = "Kirejtshuk, Alexander G.", title = "Taxonomic Review of Fossil Coleopterous Families (Insecta, Coleoptera). Suborder Archostemata: Superfamilies Coleopseoidea and Cupedoidea", year = "2020", journal = "Geosciences", abstract = "The paper is the first of a series, which aims to present a consistent interpretation of the suprageneric taxa of fossil beetles in the current century and their generic and species composition. Order Coleoptera is considered in composition of the superorder Coleopteroidea Handlirsch, 1903 (= Coleopterida sensu Boudreaux, 1979, nec Pearse, 1936) together with orders Skleroptera and Strepsiptera, and also with the family Umenocoleidae of unclear position. This paper includes the archostematan superfamilies Coleopseoidea and Cupedoidea of the infraorder Cupediformia, i.e., Coleopseidae (one genus and one species), Tshekardocoleidae (12 genera, 15 species), Labradorocoleidae (one genus, one species), Permocupedidae (together with Taldycupedinae, stat. nov., 24 genera and 54 species) and Cupedidae (three subfamilies, 49 genera, 253 species). The preliminary information on structure of the larva of Tshekardocoleidae from Tshekarda is done. There are also described the new taxa: genus Afrotaldycupes Kirejtshuk, gen. nov. with the type species: genus Taldycupes africanus Ponomarenko in Ponomarenko \& Mostovski, 2005 [Afrotaldycupes africanus comb. nov.] and Afrotaldycupes lidgettoniensis (Ponomarenko in Ponomarenko \& Mostovski, 2005), comb. nov. [Taldycupes]; genus Allophalerus Kirejtshuk, gen. nov. with the type species: Tetraphalerus aphaleratus Ponomarenko, 1969 [Allophalerus aphaleratus comb. nov.], and also with Allophalerus antiquus (Ponomarenko, 1964), comb. nov. [Tetraphalerus], Allophalerus bontsaganensis (Ponomarenko, 1997), comb. nov. [Tetraphalerus], Allophalerus incertus (Ponomarenko, 1969), comb. nov. [Tetraphalerus], Allophalerus latus (Tan, Ren et Shih, 2007), comb. nov. [Tetraphalerus], Allophalerus maximus (Ponomarenko, 1968), comb. nov. [Tetraphalerus], Allophalerus okhotensis (Ponomarenko, 1993), comb. nov. [Tetraphalerus], Allophalerus tenuipes (Ponomarenko, 1964), comb. nov. [Tetraphalerus], Allophalerus verrucosus (Ponomarenko, 1966), comb. nov. [Tetraphalerus]; genus Bukhkalius Kirejtshuk et Jarzembowski, gen. nov. with the type species: Tetraphalerus lindae Jarzembowski, Wang et Zheng, 2017 [Bukhkalius lindae comb. nov.]; genus Burmocoleus Kirejtshuk, gen. nov. with the type species: Burmocoleus prisnyi sp. nov. and Burmocoleus zhiyuani (Liu, Tan, Ślipiński, Jarzembowski, Wang, Ren et Pang, 2017), comb. nov. [Brochocoleus]; genus Cionocups Kirejtshuk, gen. nov. with the type species: Cionocups manukyani sp. nov.; genus Echinocups Kirejtshuk et Jarzembowski, gen. nov. with the type species: Notocupes neli Tihelka, Huang et Cai, 2020 [Echinocups neli comb. nov.], and also Echinocups ohmkuhnlei (Jarzembowski, Wang et Zheng, 2020), comb. nov. [Notocupes] and Echinocups denticollis (Jiang, Li, Song, Shi, Liu, Chen et Kong, 2020), comb. nov. [Notocupes]; genus Jarzembowskops Kirejtshuk, gen. nov. with the type species: Brochocoleus caseyi Jarzembowski, Wang et Zheng, 2016 [Jarzembowskops caseyi comb. nov.]; genus Lobanovia Kirejtshuk, gen. nov. with the type species: Simmondsia permiana Ponomarenko, 2013 [Lobanovia permiana comb. nov.]; genus Pintolla Kirejtshuk, gen. nov. with the type species: Kaltanicupes ponomarenkoi Pinto, 1987 [Pintolla ponomarenkoi comb. nov.]; genus Polyakius Kirejtshuk, gen. nov. with the type species: Polyakius alberti Kirejtshuk, sp. nov. and Polyakius pubescens Kirejtshuk, sp. nov.; Clessidromma zengi Kirejtshuk, sp. nov.; Cupes golovatchi Kirejtshuk, sp. nov.; Cupes legalovi Kirejtshuk, sp. nov.; Cupes lutzi Kirejtshuk, sp. nov.; Cupes nabozhenkoi Kirejtshuk, sp. nov.; Cupes wedmannae Kirejtshuk, sp. nov.; Mallecupes prokini Kirejtshuk, sp. nov. and Omma janetae Kirejtshuk, sp. nov. The new synonymy is established for the generic names Clessidromma Jarzembowski, Wang et Zheng, 2017 and Lepidomma Jarzembowski, Wang et Zheng, 2019, syn. nov. The rank of Cainomerga A. Kirejtshuk, Nel et P. Kirejtshuk, 2016 is elevated from subgeneric to generic. Also other new combinations are proposed: Cainomerga brevicornis (A. Kirejtshuk, Nel et P. Kirejtshuk, 2016), comb. nov. [Mesocupes], Cainomerga fraterna (A. Kirejtshuk, Nel et P. Kirejtshuk, 2016), comb. nov. [Mesocupes], Cainomerga immaculata (Piton, 1940: 194), comb. nov. [Zonabris, Mesocupes], Cainomerga palaeocenica (A. Kirejtshuk, Nel et P. Kirejtshuk, 2016), comb. nov. [Mesocupes], and Cainomerga ponti (A. Kirejtshuk, Nel et P. Kirejtshuk, 2016), comb. nov. [Mesocupes], Clessidromma tianae (Jarzembowski, Wang et Zheng, 2019), comb. nov. [Lepidomma], Diluticupes applanatus (Tan et Ren, 2009), comb. nov. [Brochocoleus], Diluticupes crowsonae (Jarzembowski, Yan, Wang et Zhang. 2013), comb. nov. [Brochocoleus], Diluticupes magnus (Tan et Ren, 2009), comb. nov. [Brochocoleus], Diluticupes minor (Ponomarenko, 2000), comb. nov. [Brochocoleus], Diluticupes validus (Tan et Ren, 2009), comb. nov. [Brochocoleus], Diluticupes yangshuwanziensis (Jarzembowski, Yan, Wang et Zhang. 2013), comb. nov. [Brochocoleus], Monticupes curtinervis (Tan, Ren et Shih, 2007), comb. nov. [Tetraphalerus], Monticupes decorosus (Tan, Wang, Ren et Yang, 2012), comb. nov. [Tetraphalerus], Odontomma sulcatum (Tan, Ren et Shih, 2007), comb. nov. [Brochocoleus], Omma ancistrodontum (Tan, Wang, Ren et Yang, 2012), comb. nov. [Pareuryomma], Omma grande (Ponomarenko, 1964), comb. nov. [Tetraphalerus], Omma longicolle (Ponomarenko, 1997), comb. nov. [Tetraphalerus], Pareuryomma angustum (Tan, Ren et Shich, 2007), comb. nov. [Brochocoleus], Pareuryomma magnum (Tan et Ren, 2009), comb. nov. [Brochocoleus], Zygadenia aliena (Tan et Ren, 2006), comb. nov. [Ovatocupes], Zygadenia baojiatunensis (Hong 1992), comb. nov. [Chengdecupes], Zygadenia brachycephala (Ponomarenko, 1994), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia caduca (Ponomarenko, 1969), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia caudata (Ponomarenko, 1966), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia cellulosa (Ponomarenko, 1969), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia crassa (Ponomarenko, 1969), comb. nov., [Notocupes], Zygadenia cyclodontus (Tan, Ren, Shih et Ge, 2006), comb. nov. [Amblomma, Notocupes], Zygadenia dischdes (Zhang, 1986), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Notocupes dundulaensis (Ponomarenko, 1994), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia elegans (Ponomarenko, 1994), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia epicharis (Tan, Ren et Liu, 2005), comb. nov. [Amblomma, Notocupes], Zygadenia eumeura (Tan, Ren et Liu, 2005), comb. nov. [Amblomma, Notocupes], Zygadenia excellens (Ponomarenko, 1966), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia exigua (Ponomarenko, 1994), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia foersteri (Ponomarenko, 1971), comb. nov. [Procarabus, Notocupes], Zygadenia homora (Lin, 1986), comb. nov. [Conexicoxa, Notocupes], Zygadenia issykkulensis (Ponomarenko, 1969), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia jurassica (Hong 1983), comb. nov. [Chengdecupes], Zygadenia kezuoensis (Hong 1987), comb. nov. [Chengdecupes], Zygadenia khasurtuiensis (Strelnikova, 2019), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia khetanensis (Ponomarenko, 1993), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia kirghizica (Ponomarenko, 1969), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia laeta (Lin, 1976), [Tetraphalerus], Zygadenia laiyangensis (Hong et Wang, 1990), comb. nov. [Forticupes, Notocupes], Zygadenia lapidaria (Ponomarenko, 1968), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia laticella (Ponomarenko, 1969), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia lata (Ponomarenko, 1969), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia lenta (Ren, Lu, Guo et Ji, 1995), comb. nov. [Tetraphalerus], Zygadenia lini (Ponomarenko, Yan, Wang et Zhang, 2012), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia longicollis (Ponomarenko, 1994), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia ludongensis (Wang et Liu, 1996), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia minuscula (Tan, Ren, Shih et Ge, 2006), comb. nov. [Amblomma, Notocupes], Zygadenia mongolica (Ponomarenko, 1994), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia nigrimonticola (Ponomarenko, 1968), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia oxypyga (Ponomarenko, 1969), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia patula (Ponomarenko, 1985), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia pingi (Ponomarenko et Ren, 2010), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia porrecta (Tan, Ren, Shih et Ge, 2006), comb. nov. [Amblomma, Notocupes], Zygadenia protensa (Tan, Ren, Shih et Ge, 2006), comb. nov. [Amblomma, Notocupes], Zygodenia psilata (Tan, Ren et Liu, 2005), comb. nov. [Amblomma, Notocupes],, Zygadenia pulchra Ponomarenko, 1968, comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia reticulata (Oppenheim, 1888), comb. nov. [Procarabus, Notocupes], Notocupes rostrata (Ponomarenko, 1969), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia rudis (Tan, Ren et Liu, 2005), comb. nov. [Amblomma, Notocupes], Zygadenia shiluoensis (Hong 1984), comb. nov. [Chengdecupes], Zygadenia sogutensis (Ponomarenko, 1969), comb. nov., Zygadenia stabilis (Tan, Ren et Liu, 2005), comb. nov. [Amblomma, Notocupes], Zygadenia tenuis (Ponomarenko, 1969), comb. nov. [Notocupes], Zygadenia tripartita (Oppenheim, 1888), comb. nov. [Procarabus, Notocupes], Zygadenia tuanwangensis (Hong et Wang, 1990), comb. nov. [Picticupes, Notocupes], Zygadenia valida (Lin, 1976), comb. nov. [Sinocupes, Notocupes], Zygadenia vitimensis (Ponomarenko, 1966), comb. nov. [Notocupes].", url = "https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10020073", doi = "10.3390/geosciences10020073", openalex = "W3006642573", references = "doi101134s0031030113070010" } @article{doi101016jcretres2021105068, author = "Dias, Jaime Joaquim and de Souza Carvalho, Ismar", title = "The role of microbial mats in the exquisite preservation of Aptian insect fossils from the Crato Lagerstätte, Brazil", year = "2021", journal = "Cretaceous Research", url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105068", doi = "10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105068", openalex = "W3208832596", references = "doi101016jcretres2020104626, doi101016jearscirev2021103573, doi101111sed12846, doi10159023174889201500020001, doi102110palo2019041, doi107717peerj2756" } @article{doi101093isdixac017, author = "Jouault, Corentin and Nel, André and Legendre, Frédéric and Condamine, Fabien L.", title = "Estimating the Drivers of Diversification of Stoneflies Through Time and the Limits of Their Fossil Record", year = "2022", journal = "Insect Systematics and Diversity", abstract = "Abstract Deciphering the timing of lineage diversification and extinction has greatly benefited in the last decade from methodological developments in fossil-based analyses. If these advances are increasingly used to study the past dynamics of vertebrates, other taxa such as insects remain relatively neglected. Our understanding of how insect clades waxed and waned or of the impact of major paleoenvironmental changes during their periods of diversification and extinction (mass extinction) are rarely investigated. Here, we compile and analyze the fossil record of Plecoptera (1,742 vetted occurrences) to investigate their genus-level diversification and diversity dynamics using a Bayesian process-based model that incorporates temporal preservation biases. We found that the Permian-Triassic mass extinction has drastically impacted Plecoptera, while the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution corresponds with a turnover of plecopteran fauna. We also unveiled three major gaps in the plecopteran fossil record: the Carboniferous-Permian transition, the late Early Cretaceous, and the late Cenomanian to Bartonian, which will need to be further investigated. Based on the life history of extant Plecoptera, we investigate the correlations between their past dynamic and a series of biotic (Red Queen hypothesis) and abiotic (Court Jester hypothesis) factors. These analyses highlight the major role of continental fragmentation in the evolutionary history of stoneflies, which is in line with phylogeny-based biogeographic analyses showing how vicariance drove their diversification. Our study advocates analyzing the fossil record with caution, while attempting to unveil the diversification and extinction periods plus the likely triggers of these past dynamics of diversification.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixac017", doi = "10.1093/isd/ixac017", openalex = "W4289886605", references = "doi1010800891296320212000602" } @article{doi1010292023pa004736, author = "Bom, Marlone H.H. and Kochhann, Karlos Guilherme Diemer and Heimhofer, Ulrich and Mota, Marcelo A. De Lira and Guerra, Rodrigo M. and Simões, Marcello Guimarães and Krahl, Guilherme and Meirelles, Valeska and Ceolín, Daiane and Fürsich, Franz T. and Lima, F. H. O. and Fauth, Gérson and Assine, Mário Luís", title = "Fossil‐Bearing Concretions of the Araripe Basin Accumulated During Oceanic Anoxic Event 1b", year = "2023", journal = "Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology", abstract = "Abstract Fossils from the Araripe Basin (northeastern Brazil) are known for their remarkable preservation of vertebrates and invertebrates, even including soft tissues. They occur in carbonate concretions within organic carbon‐rich strata assigned to the Romualdo Formation. Here we present integrated stable isotope, elemental and microfossil records from the Sítio Sobradinho outcrop, Araripe Basin, northeastern Brazil. Our results imply that black shales hosting fossil‐bearing carbonate concretions within the lower Romualdo Formation were deposited during Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 1b (Kilian sub‐event). Our high‐resolution multi‐proxy approach allows identifying four phases of environmental evolution. After a pre‐event phase, an early phase (onset of the negative carbon isotope excursion—nCIE) of water column stratification and reduced oxygenation likely preconditioned the system for organic carbon burial and preservation. A second phase (peak nCIE) was characterized by an intensified hydrological cycle and continental runoff, as well as increased influx of terrestrial organic matter. High input of continent‐derived nutrients might have enhanced biological productivity in the epicontinental sea, ultimately leading to increased organic carbon fluxes and burial, as well as carbonate dissolution at the seafloor. All together, these paleoenvironmental conditions resulted in expansion of an oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), favoring taphonomic processes that led to the excellent preservation of diverse macro‐ and microfossils. The nCIE recovery phase was characterized by reduced nutrient supply and organic carbon burial. Organic carbon sequestration in such paleoenvironments likely contributed to the recovery (increase) of stable carbon isotope (δ 13 C) records in the deep ocean during the Kilian sub‐event of OAE 1b.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2023pa004736", doi = "10.1029/2023pa004736", openalex = "W4388894421", references = "doi101038s41598020727898, doi101111sed12846" } @article{doi103389fmicb20231225411, author = "Dhami, Navdeep Kaur and Greenwood, Paul F. and Poropat, Stephen F. and Tripp, Madison and Elson, Amy and Vijay, Hridya and Brosnan, Luke and Holman, Alex I. and Campbell, Matthew A. and Hopper, Peter and Smith, Lisa and Jian, Andrew and Grice, Kliti", title = "Microbially mediated fossil concretions and their characterization by the latest methodologies: a review", year = "2023", journal = "Frontiers in Microbiology", abstract = "The study of well-preserved organic matter (OM) within mineral concretions has provided key insights into depositional and environmental conditions in deep time. Concretions of varied compositions, including carbonate, phosphate, and iron-based minerals, have been found to host exceptionally preserved fossils. Organic geochemical characterization of concretion-encapsulated OM promises valuable new information of fossil preservation, paleoenvironments, and even direct taxonomic information to further illuminate the evolutionary dynamics of our planet and its biota. Full exploitation of this largely untapped geochemical archive, however, requires a sophisticated understanding of the prevalence, formation controls and OM sequestration properties of mineral concretions. Past research has led to the proposal of different models of concretion formation and OM preservation. Nevertheless, the formation mechanisms and controls on OM preservation in concretions remain poorly understood. Here we provide a detailed review of the main types of concretions and formation pathways with a focus on the role of microbes and their metabolic activities. In addition, we provide a comprehensive account of organic geochemical, and complimentary inorganic geochemical, morphological, microbial and paleontological, analytical methods, including recent advancements, relevant to the characterization of concretions and sequestered OM. The application and outcome of several early organic geochemical studies of concretion-impregnated OM are included to demonstrate how this underexploited geo-biological record can provide new insights into the Earth's evolutionary record. This paper also attempts to shed light on the current status of this research and major challenges that lie ahead in the further application of geo-paleo-microbial and organic geochemical research of concretions and their host fossils. Recent efforts to bridge the knowledge and communication gaps in this multidisciplinary research area are also discussed, with particular emphasis on research with significance for interpreting the molecular record in extraordinarily preserved fossils.", url = "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1225411", doi = "10.3389/fmicb.2023.1225411", openalex = "W4387166588", references = "doi101016jearscirev2020103464, doi101017s1089332600002795, doi101038srep25716, doi101111sed12846, doi102110palo2019041" } @article{doi103389fevo20241445160, author = "Storari, Arianny P. and Osés, Gabriel Ladeira and Staniczek, Arnold H. and Rizzutto, M. A. and Loeffler, R.D. and Rodrigues, Taissa", title = "Paleometric approaches reveal striking differences in the insect fossilization of two Mesozoic Konservat-Lagerstätten", year = "2024", journal = "Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution", abstract = "The Crato Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Brazil) is a Konservat-Lagerstätte preserving a great number of exceptionally well-preserved insects. Here, we sought to explore the preservational modes of two abundant aquatic and terrestrial groups of this unit, mayflies and crickets. To better understand how exceptional is their preservation, we also present detailed data on the modes of preservation of mayflies from the renowned Solnhofen limestones (Upper Jurassic, Germany). For the Crato Formation, out of 234 fossil mayflies and crickets, ten specimens were additionally analyzed using scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), energy and micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF and µEDXRF), and µRaman spectroscopy. For the Solnhofen limestones, 85 adult mayflies were analyzed, and five of them were subjected to SEM-EDS and µEDXRF analyses. The Crato specimens preserve several external and internal microfeatures. The areas with the highest fidelity of preservation are characterized by smaller and more closely-packed crystals when compared to less-preserved parts. We also recovered microscopic features that suggest the presence of microbial mats during the fossilization process. All the analyzed Crato specimens are preserved by replacement of tissues with iron oxides after pyritization. Sulfur occurs scattered in some regions of the crickets, but is associated with low iron counts, which may indicate the presence of sulfates post-dating pyrite oxidation. Additionally, the orthopterans have calcium phosphate preserving some of their structures. Differing from Crato insects, Solnhofen mayflies are overall poorly preserved as mere imprints, and their micron-scale morphology is obliterated by coarse mineral growth, whereas tissues are obliterated by calcite crystals alone or in combination with globular material. There is an elevated concentration of Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Fe in comparison to the host rock, which may be related to a yet unknown mineral phase(s). Although the paleoenvironments of the Crato Formation and the Solnhofen limestones are different, there are similarities in the style of preservation of their vertebrates and in some of their paleoenvironmental conditions such as anoxic hypersaline bottom waters and deposition of laminated limestones. However, the same does not apply to the preservation of insects, specifically mayflies, which are poorly preserved in the Solnhofen limestones.", url = "https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1445160", doi = "10.3389/fevo.2024.1445160", openalex = "W4403102671", references = "doi101016jpalaeo2024112134" } @article{doi101016jcub202503002, author = "Jouault, Corentin and Oyama, Nozomu and Álvarez‐Parra, Sergio and Huang, Diying and Perrichot, Vincent and Condamine, Fabien L. and Legendre, Frédéric", title = "The radiation of Hymenoptera illuminated by Bayesian inferences from the fossil record", year = "2025", journal = "Current Biology", abstract = "Our results indicate that Hymenoptera diversification is multifaceted and lineage-specific. Sawflies diversified during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic in four episodes (middle Permian, Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic, Early Cretaceous, and the beginning of the Cenozoic) and experienced three extinction episodes (Middle Triassic, Late Jurassic, and mid-Cretaceous). The superfamily Xyeloidea originated during the middle Permian. Apocrita and parasitoid superfamilies emerged during the Early to Middle Triassic, diversified during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, and declined during the Late Cretaceous. We demonstrate that Hymenoptera experienced successive replacements during the MMPR-likely beginning in the Triassic-and synchronously with changes in floral assemblages of the ATR. We conclude with future directions to refine dating estimates from the fossil record.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.03.002", doi = "10.1016/j.cub.2025.03.002", openalex = "W4408899737", references = "doi101071zo9550654" } @article{doi101016jgloplacha2025104959, author = "Varejão, Filipe Giovanini and Lucas, Warren Covelé and Assine, Mário Luís and Rodrigues, Mariza Gomes and Fürsich, Franz T. and Fauth, Gérson and Matos, Suzana Aparecida and Ribeiro, Alexandre C. and Simões, Marcello Guimarães", title = "Fossil wonders of anoxic worlds: Linking marine ingressions to Early Cretaceous Konservat-Lagerstätten from Brazil", year = "2025", journal = "Global and Planetary Change", url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104959", doi = "10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104959", openalex = "W4411678754", references = "doi101016jcretres2024105910, doi101016jearscirev2024104915, doi101016jpalaeo2024112134, doi101038s43247022006683" } @article{doi101371journalpone0331656, author = "Storari, Arianny P. and Salles, Frederico Falcão and da Fonseca, João Luiz Guedes and Saraiva, Antônio Álamo Feitosa and Rodrigues, Taissa", title = "Taphonomy of aquatic insects from the Crato Formation Lagerstätte (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) under an actualistic look", year = "2025", journal = "PLoS ONE", abstract = "The Crato Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) is a fossiliferous deposit of global significance, representing a lacustrine palaeoenvironment which offers insights into aquatic insect taphonomy. Despite its importance, prior studies lacked an actualistic approach. Here, we analyze the preservation of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and dragonflies (Odonata) from this formation using experimental taphonomy on 253 extant Ephemeroptera and 236 Odonata, alongside 306 fossil specimens. Disarticulation experiments showed that the thorax of modern mayfly larvae disarticulated first, yet Crato Hexagenitidae larvae retained intact thoraces, indicating minimal disturbance and autochthonous deposition. Fossil alate specimens rarely exhibited decay-related wing damage, aligning with short decay times. Dragonfly carcasses exhibited a characteristic leg posture in death, also preserved in Crato fossils, further suggesting minimal transport. Additionally, fossil dragonflies retained labial masks, the first structure to disarticulate experimentally, consistent with parautochthonous assemblages. Mayfly larvae exposed to low salinity during experiments exhibited excessive defecation before death, hinting at possible low salinity conditions in the Crato palaeoenvironment, though preservational challenges obscure confirmation. During experimentation, we also noticed that all carcasses immediately floated under hypersaline conditions, while carcasses immersed in non-hypersaline conditions went through slower decomposition. Thus, we can safely propose with experimental data that microbial biofilms on the surface of the water were acting during carcass sinking in this deposit.", url = "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0331656", doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0331656", openalex = "W4414116848", references = "doi101016jpalaeo2024112134" }