@book{rauzerchernousova1963einige1,
    author = "Rauzer-Chernousova, D. M",
    title = "Einige Fragen zur Evolution der Fusulinideen, in von Koenigswald, G. H. R., ed., Evolutionary Trends in Foraminifera",
    year = "1963",
    publisher = "Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 45-65; 355 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Rauzer-Chernousova, D. M., 1963, Einige Fragen zur Evolution der Fusulinideen, in von Koenigswald, G. H. R., ed., Evolutionary Trends in Foraminifera: Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 45-65; 355 p.}"
}

@article{openalexw1874217468,
    author = "van Ginkel, A.C.",
    title = "Carboniferous Fusulinids from the Cantabrian Mountains (Spain)",
    year = "1965",
    journal = "Leidse Geologische Mededelingen",
    abstract = "Fusulinid faunas from various locations spread throughout the Cantabrian mountains are described as belonging to about 180 species including 17 new species and 11 new subspecies of 18 genera. The latter are Staffella (with 3 new species), Parastaffella (with 3 new species and 2 new subspecies), Millerella, Ozawainella (with 2 new species), Pseudostaffella, Schubertella, Fusiella, Profusulinella (with 1 new species and 3 new subspecies), Aljutovella (with 1 new species), Hemifusulina, Beedeina (with 1 new species and 1 new subspecies), Verella, Eofusulina (with 1 new species), Fusulina (with 2 new species and 1 new subspecies), Hidaella (with 1 new subspecies), Fusulinella (with 3 new species and 3 new subspecies), Obsoletes and Protriticites. The faunas are closely comparable with those of the Eurasian continent, notably of Russia; not only in the species and genera but also in their chronological sequence. The assemblage zones have been subdivided into subzones and subdivisions: Assemblage Zones Protriticites Fusulinella Profusulinella Millerella Subzones B A B A Ps. antiqua Subdivisions B3 B2 B1 The subdivisions and subzones are considered to be only significant for this region where they have facilitated the correlation of many sections. These correlations have been almost invariably confirmed by Racz from his studies of algal floras, and have enabled a synthesis of the general sedimentary history of the Carboniferous Period here. The correlation of the NW European and Russian stages through the Donetz Basin, presented at Heerlen in 1958 is different from that derived from the Spanish floras and faunas. Despite shortcomings in some stratigraphic data the palaeontological identifications are valid and the difference in correlations must be considered significant. This forces the conclusion that some process possibly that of different rates of evolution, existed during this time.",
    openalex = "W1874217468"
}

@misc{wilde1971phylogeny2,
    author = "Wilde, G. L",
    title = "Phylogeny of Pseudofusulinella and its bearing on Early Permian stratigraphy",
    year = "1971",
    howpublished = "Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, v. 3, p. 363-379",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Wilde, G. L., 1971, Phylogeny of Pseudofusulinella and its bearing on Early Permian stratigraphy: Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, v. 3, p. 363-379.}"
}

@article{doi101007bf01731581,
    author = "Kimura, Motoo",
    title = "A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences",
    year = "1980",
    journal = "Journal of Molecular Evolution",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01731581",
    doi = "10.1007/bf01731581",
    openalex = "W2065461553",
    references = "doi101007bf01653945, doi101007bf01732067, doi101007bf01732340, doi101016b9781483232119500097, doi101016s0021925817401566, doi101038217624a0, doi101038267275a0, doi101038scientificamerican117998, doi101073pnas7172848, doi101126science1643881788"
}

@article{ross1982paleozoic,
    author = "Ross, Charles A.",
    title = "Paleozoic Foraminifera - Fusulinids",
    year = "1982",
    journal = "Notes for a Short Course: Studies in Geology",
    abstract = "Fusulinacea are an extinct superfamily of small to large, to very laurge, calcareous Foraminiferida. They were entirely marine sind made their first appearance near the end of Early Carboniferous time (Text-fig. 1). They thrived during Middle and Late Carboniferous and Permian time. During that 100 million year existence, they evolved more than 150 genera and more than 6000 species before starting a decline in the later part of the Permicm and finally becoming extinct near the end of that period. Members of the Fusulinacea became giants, typically reaching 1 cm or more in length, and some became enormous giants, reaching 4 and 5 cm in length in the mid-Permian, and a few as much as 10 cm! Not bad for a single celled organism. Fusulinaceans are usually large enough that field geologists can spot them quickly in their stratigraphic units.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0271164800000555",
    doi = "10.1017/s0271164800000555",
    openalex = "W2696533027",
    pages = "163-176",
    volume = "6"
}

@article{doi101017s0094837300007843,
    author = "Malmgren, Björn A. and Berggren, W. A. and Lohmann, Gerrit",
    title = "Evidence for punctuated gradualism in the Late Neogene Globorotalia tumida lineage of planktonic foraminifera",
    year = "1983",
    journal = "Paleobiology",
    abstract = "The warm-water planktonic foraminiferal Globorotalia tumida lineage has been studied in a 10-Myr-long stratigraphic sequence (Late Miocene through Recent) from the Indian Ocean to determine long-term evolutionary patterns through the lineage's history, and particularly to study in great detail the evolutionary transition from G. plesiotumida to G. tumida across the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Sampling resolution was very good, between 5 × 10 3 and 15 × 10 3 yr across the Miocene/Pliocene boundary and about 2 × 10 5 yr otherwise. The test shape was analyzed in edge view, permitting determinations of variation in inflation and elongation of the test. Shape was analyzed quantitatively using eigenshape analysis. This method represents the greatest proportion of variation observed among a collection of shapes by the least number of different shapes. The Late Miocene (10.4-5.6 Myr B.P.) populations exhibited only minor fluctuations in shape that did not result in any net phyletic change. This period of stasis was followed by an 0.6-Myr-long period (between 5.6 and 5.0 Myr B.P.) of gradual transformation of the Late Miocene morphotype (G. plesiotumida) into the Early Pliocene morphotype (G. tumida). The populations were again more or less in stasis in the Pliocene and Pleistocene (5.0 Myr to the present day), so that no major modifications of the newly evolved Early Pliocene morphotype occurred during these 5 Myr. Thus it would appear that the G. tumida lineage, while remaining in relative stasis over a considerable part of its total duration underwent periodic, relatively rapid, morphologic change that did not lead to lineage branching. This pattern does not conform to the gradualistic model of evolution, because that would assume gradual changes throughout the history of the lineage. It also does not conform to the punctuational model, because (1) there was no speciation (lineage branching) in this lineage and (2) the transition was not rapid enough (<1\% of the descendant species' duration according to definition). For this evolutionary modality we propose the term “punctuated gradualism” and suggest that this may be a common norm for evolution—at least within the planktonic foraminifera.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300007843",
    doi = "10.1017/s0094837300007843",
    openalex = "W2274320370",
    references = "doi101017s0094837300004000"
}

@article{doi101007bf02101990,
    author = "Lanave, Cecilia and Preparata, Giuliano and Sacone, Cecilia and Serio, Gabriella",
    title = "A new method for calculating evolutionary substitution rates",
    year = "1984",
    journal = "Journal of Molecular Evolution",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02101990",
    doi = "10.1007/bf02101990",
    openalex = "W2028942402",
    references = "doi101007bf01840889, doi1010160022283682901371, doi1010160092867480906418, doi1010160092867481903007, doi101016b9781483232119500097, doi101038267275a0, doi101038290457a0, doi101073pnas7641967, doi101073pnas781454, doi101146annurevbi46070177003041"
}

@article{doi105860choice266278,
    title = "The Conodonta: morphology, taxonomy, paleoecology, and evolutionary history of a long-extinct animal phylum",
    year = "1989",
    journal = "Choice Reviews Online",
    abstract = "Introduction Skeletal anatomy Whole animal anatomy Taxonomy The major conodont groups Paleoecology The phylum Conodonta Evolutionary patterns Appendixes Index",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.26-6278",
    doi = "10.5860/choice.26-6278",
    openalex = "W643475258"
}

@book{boudagherfadel1997the,
    author = "BouDagher-Fadel, M. K. and Banner, F. T. and Whittaker, J. E.",
    title = "The Early Evolutionary History of Planktonic Foraminifera",
    year = "1997",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5836-7",
    doi = "10.1007/978-94-011-5836-7",
    openalex = "W2043834298"
}

@article{doi101017s0022336000035721,
    author = "Groves, J. R. J. and Wahlman, Gregory P.",
    title = "Biostratigraphy and evolution of Late Carboniferous and Early Permian smaller foraminifers from the Barents Sea (offshore Arctic Norway)",
    year = "1997",
    journal = "Journal of Paleontology",
    abstract = "Nearly continuous cores from a 500-meter interval of upper Moscovian through post-Artinskian carbonate strata on the Finnmark Platform have yielded rich assemblages of fusulinaceans and smaller foraminifers. The fusulinaceans provide an independent time framework for evaluating stratigraphic occurrences of associated smaller foraminifers. Information derived from this study has been integrated with that from previous investigations to produce a smaller foraminiferal biostratigraphic model for the High Arctic. Kasimovian strata are characterized by occurrences of Nodosinelloides spp., Protonodosaria spp. and Hemigordius schlumbergeri. Overlying lower Gzhelian beds are identified by the appearances of Raphconilia modificata and Amphoratheca iniqua. Tezaquina clivuli and Cribrogenerina gigas first occur in upper Gzhelian strata, and Asselian rocks contain appearances of Geinitzina postcarbonica and Pachyphloia spp. Phylogenetic reconstructions suggest that the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian pseudovidalinids (Archaediscacea) derived from the Pseudoammidiscidae, as did the older group of predominantly Early Carboniferous archaediscaceans. The repeated development of similar morphologies within the two groups of archaediscaceans includes examples of both convergence and iterative evolution. The Protonodosariidae and Syzraniidae most likely evolved from an earlandiid ancestor. The syzraniids gave rise to the Geinitzinidae, which in turn gave rise to the Pachyphloiidae. As in the archaediscaceans, evolution within and among the Earlandiidae, Protonodosariidae, Syzraniidae, Geinitzinidae and Pachyphloiidae includes multiple examples of repeated patterns. Two key phenotypic developments seemingly led to bursts of diversification in different groups throughout late Paleozoic foraminiferal evolution. The acquisition of an outer hyaline or pseudofibrous wall layer was a morphologic breakthrough followed by taxonomic radiation in both groups of archaediscaceans and in the Earlandia-Syzrania lineage. The second major event was the shift from an undivided tubular morphology to uniserial morphology in both the Earlandiidae-Protonodosariidae and Syzraniidae-Geinitzinidae lines. Nodosinelloides pinardae is proposed as a new name for Nodosaria grandis Lipina, 1949 (preoccupied).",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000035721",
    doi = "10.1017/s0022336000035721",
    openalex = "W2339434365"
}

@article{gradstein1998the,
    author = "Gradstein, Felix and Boudagher-Fadel, M. K. and Banner, E. T. and Whittaker, J. E.",
    title = "The Early Evolutionary History of Planktonic Foraminifera",
    year = "1998",
    journal = "Micropaleontology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/1486073",
    doi = "10.2307/1486073",
    number = "2",
    openalex = "W3023470457",
    pages = "207",
    volume = "44"
}

@article{doi1021130310033,
    author = "Vachard, Daniel",
    title = "EARLIEST ARTINSKIAN (EARLY PERMIAN) FUSULINIDS REWORKED IN THE TRIASSIC LERCARA FORMATION (NW SICILY)",
    year = "2001",
    journal = "The Journal of Foraminiferal Research",
    abstract = "The Permian limestone boulders reworked in the Triassic Lercara Formation (NW Sicily) contain carbonate microfossils consisting of algae, smaller foraminifers and fusulinids. The following fusulinids are described: Quasifusulina ultima Kanmera, Robustoschwagerina cf. R. schellwieni (Hanzawa), Chalaroschwagerina (?) globosa (Schellwien). The group of Chalaroschwagerina (?) vulgaris (Schellwien) is emended.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2113/0310033",
    doi = "10.2113/0310033",
    openalex = "W2057020817",
    references = "doi1010079781489957603, doi10100797836427859317, doi101007bf02536758, doi1010160377839895000100, doi10113008137231671, doi1013130203949425245, doi1018814epiiugs1997v20i1003, doi102475ajss520119357, openalexw574683640, openalexw609634094"
}

@article{groves2003origin,
    author = "GROVES, JOHN R. and ALTINER, DEMÍR and RETTORI, ROBERTO",
    title = "ORIGIN AND EARLY EVOLUTIONARY RADIATION OF THE ORDER LAGENIDA (FORAMINIFERA)",
    year = "2003",
    journal = "Journal of Paleontology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2003)077<0831:oaeero>2.0.co;2",
    doi = "10.1666/0022-3360(2003)077<0831:oaeero>2.0.co;2",
    number = "5",
    openalex = "W2173796287",
    pages = "831-843",
    volume = "77",
    references = "doi1010079781489957603, doi101017s0025315400028575, doi101038122881a0, doi101080037454809495152, doi1023073515466, doi102475ajs278101345, openalexw2183707334, openalexw2894525608, openalexw3216710455, openalexw3217097258"
}

@article{pawlowski2003the,
    author = "Pawlowski, Jan and Holzmann, Maria and Berney, Cédric and Fahrni, José and Gooday, Andrew J. and Cedhagen, Tomas and Habura, Andrea and Bowser, Samuel S.",
    title = "The evolution of early Foraminifera",
    year = "2003",
    journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences",
    abstract = "Fossil Foraminifera appear in the Early Cambrian, at about the same time as the first skeletonized metazoans. However, due to the inadequate preservation of early unilocular (single-chambered) foraminiferal tests and difficulties in their identification, the evolution of early foraminifers is poorly understood. By using molecular data from a wide range of extant naked and testate unilocular species, we demonstrate that a large radiation of nonfossilized unilocular Foraminifera preceded the diversification of multilocular lineages during the Carboniferous. Within this radiation, similar test morphologies and wall types developed several times independently. Our findings indicate that the early Foraminifera were an important component of Neoproterozoic protistan community, whose ecological complexity was probably much higher than has been generally accepted.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2035132100",
    doi = "10.1073/pnas.2035132100",
    number = "20",
    openalex = "W1971114304",
    pages = "11494-11498",
    volume = "100",
    references = "doi1010079781475707403, doi101007bf01731581, doi101007bf02101990, doi101016s0022519305801043, doi101093bioinformatics126543, doi101093bioinformatics149817, doi101111j155856461985tb00420x, doi101126science1061457, doi101146annurevge22120188002513, doi1016660094837320000260386bpngns20co2"
}

@article{doi101126science1130880,
    author = "Jablonski, David and Roy, Kaustuv and Valentine, James W.",
    title = "Out of the Tropics: Evolutionary Dynamics of the Latitudinal Diversity Gradient",
    year = "2006",
    journal = "Science",
    abstract = {The evolutionary dynamics underlying the latitudinal gradient in biodiversity have been controversial for over a century. Using a spatially explicit approach that incorporates not only origination and extinction but immigration, a global analysis of genera and subgenera of marine bivalves over the past 11 million years supports an "out of the tropics" model, in which taxa preferentially originate in the tropics and expand toward the poles without losing their tropical presence. The tropics are thus both a cradle and a museum of biodiversity, contrary to the conceptual dichotomy dominant since 1974; a tropical diversity crisis would thus have profound evolutionary effects at all latitudes.},
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1130880",
    doi = "10.1126/science.1130880",
    openalex = "W2147544980",
    references = "darlington1959area, doi1010160169534794901635, doi101016jtree200409011, doi101017cbo9780511623387, doi10103835012228, doi101086381004, doi101093oso97801985052350010001, doi101146annurevecolsys34012103144032, doi1016660094837320050310192meam20co2, doi101890038006, doi1023072389612, doi105860choice332720"
}

@article{doi10166600223360200781227daotpf20co2,
    author = "Groves, J. R. J. and Kulagina, Е. I. and Villa, Elisa",
    title = "DIACHRONOUS APPEARANCES OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN FUSULINID PROFUSULINELLA IN EURASIA AND NORTH AMERICA",
    year = "2007",
    journal = "Journal of Paleontology",
    abstract = "The Pennsylvanian fusulinid genus Profusulinella appeared in sub-Arctic North America in Medial Atokan (=Early Moscovian) time, roughly 4–5 My later than its oldest known occurrence in the Eurasian-Arctic province. The genus originated in the latter area in late Early Bashkirian time and then underwent significant diversification, so that by Early Moscovian time a range of shell morphologies existed. The first sub-Arctic North American species in the genus are interpreted as immigrants from Eurasia, with their migration through the Franklinian corridor having been facilitated by generally east-to-west currents during a glacio-eustatic flooding event. Previous work suggested that North American Profusulinella spp. may have derived from a local ancestor such as Eoschubertella. This possibility seems unlikely given that early North American species in Profusulinella are very similar to age-equivalent Eurasian forms, that they differ from North American Eoschubertella in a number of morphologic features, and that there are no known North American intermediates between Eoschubertella and Profusulinella. Fusulinoidean faunas apparently migrated from Eurasia to North America on multiple occasions during Pennsylvanian time. These migrations were an important source of North American diversity, and their recurrence is a dominant theme in fusulinoidean biogeography.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2007)81[227:daotpf]2.0.co;2",
    doi = "10.1666/0022-3360(2007)81[227:daotpf]2.0.co;2",
    openalex = "W2179203283",
    references = "doi101016jpalaeo200501004, doi102113gsjfr21167, doi102475ajs2406403, doi1037570bgsd20014803, openalexw2598883775"
}

@article{okuyucu2008biostratigraphy,
    author = "OKUYUCU, CENGİZ",
    title = "Biostratigraphy and systematics of late Asselian–early Sakmarian (Early Permian) fusulinids (Foraminifera) from southern Turkey",
    year = "2008",
    journal = "Geological Magazine",
    abstract = "The Anatolian Platform, which was a part of the Gondwanan Platform, is mainly characterized by carbonate-dominated deposits ranging in age from Devonian to Permian. The biostratigraphy and systematics of a late Asselian–early Sakmarian fusulinid fauna from the Anatolian Platform including Eastern and Central Taurides have been investigated in three sections: Özbek Hill, Eskibey and Bademli. Twenty-four fusulinid taxa, belonging to twelve genera, were determined in a single fusulinid zone dated as late Asselian–early Sakmarian. Early–middle Asselian fusulinid faunas have not been observed in any of the measured sections throughout the Anatolian Platform. This indicates that lower to middle Asselian deposits are represented by an interval characterized by quartz sandstone overlying upper Gzhelian strata. Five new species (Pseudochusenella anatoliana, Pseudofusulinoides altineri, Pseudofusulinoides convexus, Pseudofusulinoides subglobosus and Pseudofusulinoides vachardi) are described in this study. The Early Permian fusulinid fauna correlates very well with the fauna of other sections in the Palaeotethyan realm (Southern Alps, Central Asia, Southern China and Japan).",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0016756808004482",
    doi = "10.1017/s0016756808004482",
    number = "3",
    openalex = "W2106291852",
    pages = "413-434",
    volume = "145",
    references = "doi101007bf02667713, doi101007s1034700500656, doi10113008137231671, doi1013130203949425245, doi1013130203949425431, doi1013130203949428905, doi102475ajss520119357, openalexw3003801124, openalexw3081874114, openalexw609634094"
}

@article{doi101016jpalwor200904003,
    author = "Kulagina, Е. I.",
    title = "Evolution of the fusulinid Depratina in the Bashkirian–Moscovian interval",
    year = "2009",
    journal = "Palaeoworld",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2009.04.003",
    doi = "10.1016/j.palwor.2009.04.003",
    openalex = "W2047363611",
    references = "doi1037570bgsd20014803"
}

@article{doi101073pnas0904306106,
    author = "de Nooijer, Lennart and Toyofuku, Takashi and Kitazato, Hiroshi",
    title = "Foraminifera promote calcification by elevating their intracellular pH",
    year = "2009",
    journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences",
    abstract = "Surface seawaters are supersaturated with respect to calcite, but high concentrations of magnesium prevent spontaneous nucleation and growth of crystals. Foraminifera are the most widespread group of calcifying organisms and generally produce calcite with a low Mg content, indicating that they actively remove Mg(2+) from vacuolized seawater before calcite precipitation. However, one order of foraminifera has evolved a calcification pathway, by which it produces calcite with a very high Mg content, suggesting that these species do not alter the Mg/Ca ratio of vacuolized seawater considerably. The cellular mechanism that makes it possible to precipitate calcite at high Mg concentrations, however, has remained unknown. Here we demonstrate that they are able to elevate the pH at the site of calcification by at least one unit above seawater pH and, thereby, overcome precipitation-inhibition at ambient Mg concentrations. A similar result was obtained for species that precipitate calcite with a low Mg concentration, suggesting that elevating the pH at the site of calcification is a widespread strategy among foraminifera to promote calcite precipitation. Since the common ancestor of these two groups dates back to the Cambrian, our results would imply that this physiological mechanism has evolved over half a billion years ago. Since foraminifera rely on elevating the intracellular pH for their calcification, our results show that ongoing ocean acidification can result in a decrease of calcite production by these abundant calcifyers.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0904306106",
    doi = "10.1073/pnas.0904306106",
    openalex = "W2161874332",
    references = "doi101021cr050358j, pawlowski2003the"
}

@article{doi101144sp3125,
    author = "Gaetani, Maurizio and Angiolini, Lucia and Ueno, Katsumi and Nicora, Alda and Stephenson, Michael H. and Sciunnach, Dario and Rettori, R and Price, Gregory D. and Sabouri, Jafar",
    title = "Pennsylvanian–Early Triassic stratigraphy in the Alborz Mountains (Iran)",
    year = "2009",
    journal = "Geological Society London Special Publications",
    abstract = "Abstract New fieldwork was carried out in the central and eastern Alborz, addressing the sedimentary succession from the Pennsylvanian to the Early Triassic. A regional synthesis is proposed, based on sedimentary analysis and a wide collection of new palaeontological data. The Moscovian Qezelqaleh Formation, deposited in a mixed coastal marine and alluvial setting, is present in a restricted area of the eastern Alborz, transgressing on the Lower Carboniferous Mobarak and Dozdehband formations. The late Gzhelian–early Sakmarian Dorud Group is instead distributed over most of the studied area, being absent only in a narrow belt to the SE. The Dorud Group is typically tripartite, with a terrigenous unit in the lower part (Toyeh Formation), a carbonate intermediate part (Emarat and Ghosnavi formations, the former particularly rich in fusulinids), and a terrigenous upper unit (Shah Zeid Formation), which however seems to be confined to the central Alborz. A major gap in sedimentation occurred before the deposition of the overlying Ruteh Limestone, a thick package of packstone–wackestone interpreted as a carbonate ramp of Middle Permian age (Wordian–Capitanian). The Ruteh Limestone is absent in the eastern part of the range, and everywhere ends with an emersion surface, that may be karstified or covered by a lateritic soil. The Late Permian transgression was directed southwards in the central Alborz, where marine facies (Nesen Formation) are more common. Time-equivalent alluvial fans with marsh intercalations and lateritic soils (Qeshlaq Formation) are present in the east. Towards the end of the Permian most of the Alborz emerged, the marine facies being restricted to a small area on the Caspian side of the central Alborz. There, the Permo-Triassic boundary interval is somewhat similar to the Abadeh–Shahreza belt in central Iran, and contains oolites, flat microbialites and domal stromatolites, forming the base of the Elikah Formation. The P – T boundary is established on the basis of conodonts, small foraminifera and stable isotope data. The development of the lower and middle part of the Elikah Formation, still Early Triassic in age, contains vermicular bioturbated mudstone/wackestone, and anachronostic-facies-like gastropod oolites and flat pebble conglomerates. Three major factors control the sedimentary evolution. The succession is in phase with global sea-level curve in the Moscovian and from the Middle Permian upwards. It is out of phase around the Carboniferous–Permian boundary, when the Dorud Group was deposited during a global lowstand of sealevel. When the global deglaciation started in the Sakmarian, sedimentation stopped in the Alborz and the area emerged. Therefore, there is a consistent geodynamic control. From the Middle Permian upwards, passive margin conditions control the sedimentary evolution of the basin, which had its depocentre(s) to the north. Climate also had a significant role, as the Alborz drifted quickly northwards with other central Iran blocks towards the Turan active margin. It passed from a southern latitude through the aridity belt in the Middle Permian, across the equatorial humid belt in the Late Permian and reached the northern arid tropical belt in the Triassic.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1144/sp312.5",
    doi = "10.1144/sp312.5",
    openalex = "W2139807061"
}

@article{davydov2011taxonomy,
    author = "Davydov, Vladimir I.",
    title = "Taxonomy, Nomenclature, and Evolution of the Early Schubertellid Fusulinids",
    year = "2011",
    journal = "Acta Palaeontologica Polonica",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2010.0026",
    doi = "10.4202/app.2010.0026",
    number = "1",
    openalex = "W2139221860",
    pages = "181-194",
    volume = "56",
    references = "doi1010079781489957603, doi101007bf02537473, doi101007bf02667713, doi101666061211, doi102113gsjfr21167, doi1037570bgsd20014803, openalexw1561111624, openalexw2598883775, openalexw2894525608, openalexw574683640"
}

@article{doi101111j1469185x201100178x,
    author = "Aze, Tracy and Ezard, Thomas H. G. and Purvis, Andy and Coxall, Helen K. and Stewart, Duncan R. M. and Wade, Bridget S. and Pearson, Paul N.",
    title = "A phylogeny of Cenozoic macroperforate planktonic foraminifera from fossil data",
    year = "2011",
    journal = "Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society",
    abstract = "We present a complete phylogeny of macroperforate planktonic foraminifer species of the Cenozoic Era (∼65 million years ago to present). The phylogeny is developed from a large body of palaeontological work that details the evolutionary relationships and stratigraphic (time) distributions of species-level taxa identified from morphology ('morphospecies'). Morphospecies are assigned to morphogroups and ecogroups depending on test morphology and inferred habitat, respectively. Because gradual evolution is well documented in this clade, we have identified many instances of morphospecies intergrading over time, allowing us to eliminate 'pseudospeciation' and 'pseudoextinction' from the record and thereby permit the construction of a more natural phylogeny based on inferred biological lineages. Each cladogenetic event is determined as either budding or bifurcating depending on the pattern of morphological change at the time of branching. This lineage phylogeny provides palaeontologically calibrated ages for each divergence that are entirely independent of molecular data. The tree provides a model system for macroevolutionary studies in the fossil record addressing questions of speciation, extinction, and rates and patterns of evolution.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185x.2011.00178.x",
    doi = "10.1111/j.1469-185x.2011.00178.x",
    openalex = "W1989146507",
    references = "doi101016037783988790020x, doi101016jearscirev201009003, doi101016jmarmicro200801009, doi101017s0094837300004000, doi101017s0094837300012094, doi101017s0094837300016638, doi101038nature05634, doi101038nature06588, doi10108010635150600852011, doi101093sysbio463523, doi101111j1474919x1955tb01923x, doi101126science1059412, doi101146annurevecolsys33030602152151, doi101722611310, doi102110pec95040129, doi1023071485586, doi102307jctvjsf433, doi102687999013, doi105860choice295135, doi105860choice396411, doi107312simp92414, smith2007marine"
}

@article{doi1012063521,
    author = "Nesbitt, Sterling J.",
    title = "The Early Evolution of Archosaurs: Relationships and the Origin of Major Clades",
    year = "2011",
    journal = "Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History",
    abstract = {Archosaurs have a 250 million year record that originated shortly after the Permian-Triassic extinction event and is continued today by two extant clades, the crocodylians and the avians. The two extant lineages exemplify two bauplan extremes among a diverse and complex evolutionary history, but little is known about the common ancestor of these lineages. Renewed interest in early archosaurs has led to nearly a doubling of the known taxa in the last 20 years. This study presents a thorough phylogenetic analysis of 80 species-level taxa ranging from the latest Permian to the early part of the Jurassic using a dataset of 412 characters. Each terminal taxon is explicitly described and all specimens used in the analysis are clearly stated. Additionally, each character is discussed in detail and nearly all of the character states are illustrated in either a drawing or highlighted on a specimen photograph. A combination of novel characters and comprehensive character sampling has bridged previously published analyses that focus on particular archosauriform subclades. A well-resolved, robustly supported consensus tree (MPTs = 360) found a monophyletic Archosauria consisting of two major branches, the crocodylian-line and avian-line lineages. The monophyly of clades such as Ornithosuchidae, Phytosauria, Aetosauria, Crocodylomorpha, and Dinosauria is supported in this analysis. However, phytosaurs are recovered as the closest sister-taxon to Archosauria, rather than basal crocodylian-line archosaurs, for the first time. Among taxa classically termed as "rauisuchians," a monophyletic poposauroid clade was found as the sister-taxon to a group of paraphyletic "rauisuchians" and monophyletic crocodylomorphs. Hence, crocodylomorphs are well nested within a clade of "rauisuchians," and are not more closely related to aetosaurs than to taxa such as Postosuchus. Basal crocodylomorphs such as Hesperosuchus and similar forms ("Sphenosuchia") were found as a paraphyletic grade leading to the clade Crocodyliformes. Among avian-line archosaurs, Dinosauria is well supported. A monophyletic clade containing Silesaurus and similar forms is well supported as the sister-taxon to Dinosauria. Pterosaurs are robustly supported at the base of the avian-line. A time-calibrated phylogeny of Archosauriformes indicates that the origin and initial diversification of Archosauria occurred during the Early Triassic following the Permian-Triassic extinction. Furthermore, all major basal archosaur clades except Crocodylomorpha were established by the end of the Anisian. Early archosaur evolution is characterized by high rates of homoplasy, long ghost lineages, and high rates of character evolution. The rate of character evolution among archosaurs in the Early Triassic is unmatched relative to archosaur rates for the remainder of the Triassic. These data imply that much of the early history of Archosauria has not been recovered from the fossil record. Not only were archosaurs diverse by the Middle Triassic, but they had nearly a cosmopolitan biogeographic distribution by the end of the Anisian.},
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1206/352.1",
    doi = "10.1206/352.1",
    openalex = "W2009094188",
    references = "benton1983dinosaur, boulenger1904vion, doi101002jmor10018, doi101007bf02101113, doi101007bf02986571, doi1010160034666791900282, doi101016jcretres200405002, doi101016jgeobios200304008, doi101016jjsames200504002, doi101016s001669959880123x, doi101016s0031018298001175, doi101017s0006323197005100, doi101017s0016756807003925, doi101017s0022336000026706, doi101017s1477201906001970, doi101017s1477201907002040, doi101017s1477201907002271, doi101038114085a0, doi101038248168a0, doi10108002724634199110011386, doi10108002724634199110011426, doi10108002724634199210011473, doi10108002724634199310011511, doi10108002724634199410011523, doi10108002724634199410011524, doi10108002724634199410011538, doi10108002724634199610011283, doi10108002724634199910011124, doi10108002724634199910011178, doi10108002724634199910011201, doi10108002724634200310010947, doi10108008912960600719988, doi101093oxfordjournalsafrafa100309, doi101098rspb20043047, doi101098rspb20071370, doi101098rspl18870117, doi101098rstb19610007, doi101098rstb19650003, doi101098rstb19830079, doi101098rstb19850092, doi101098rstb19990489, doi101111j00310239200300301x, doi101111j109600311988tb00514x, doi101111j10960031200800217x, doi101111j109636421985tb01796x, doi101111j109636422001tb01313x, doi101111j109636422001tb01314x, doi101111j10963642200700325x, doi101126science10246376, doi101126science1101012, doi101126science1143325, doi101126science1144066, doi101126science1161833, doi101126science1874180947, doi101126science2562999, doi101126science2665183267, doi101126science2725264986, doi101126science28454232137, doi101127njgpa210199841, doi101144gslsp20032170111, doi101146annurevearth251435, doi1012060003009020042860001mptaso20co2, doi1012060003009020073021taoeoa20co2, doi101371journalpone0002995, doi1016710272463420020220510toomka20co2, doi1016710272463420020220593cvancf20co2, doi10167102724634200727350asoitp20co2, doi1016710390290218, doi101671a1097, doi102475ajss319111253, doi102475ajss321125417, doi105962bhlpart22965, doi107146moggeosciv32i140904, galton1977onstaurikosaums, nesbitt2009a, openalexw1574544995, openalexw2183707334, openalexw2310875238, openalexw2894525608, openalexw834136096, padian1990the, riggs2003isotopic, rowe1989a, sereno1997the, smith1990osteology, walker1964triassic, welles1954new"
}

@article{doi101146annurevearth060614105059,
    author = "Fraass, Andrew and Kelly, Daniel Clay and Peters, Shanan E.",
    title = "Macroevolutionary History of the Planktic Foraminifera",
    year = "2015",
    journal = "Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences",
    abstract = "Planktic foraminifera are an abundant component of deep-sea sediment and are critical to geohistorical research, primarily because as a biological and geochemical system they are sensitive to coupled bio-hydro-lithosphere interactions. They are also well sampled and studied throughout their evolutionary history. Here, we combine a synoptic global compilation of planktic foraminifera with a stochastic null model of taxonomic turnover to identify statistically significant increases in macroevolutionary rates. There are three taxonomic diversifications and two distinct extinctions in the history of the group. The well-known Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction is of unprecedented magnitude and abruptness and is linked to rapid environmental perturbations associated with bolide impact. The Eocene–Oligocene boundary extinction occurs due to a combination of factors related to a major reorganization of the global climate system. Changes in ocean stratification, seawater chemistry, and global climate recur as primary determinants of both macroevolutionary turnover in planktic foraminifera and spatiotemporal patterns of deep-sea sedimentation over the past 130 Myr.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-060614-105059",
    doi = "10.1146/annurev-earth-060614-105059",
    openalex = "W2133909276",
    references = "alvarez1980extraterrestrial, boudagherfadel1997the, dhondt1998cretaceous, doi101016jgeobios200411004, doi10102995pa02087, doi101126science1059412, doi101126science1116412, doi101126science1177265, doi101126science21545391501, doi101126science23547931156, doi101666110271, doi1023071485910, doi102475ajs294156, openalexw2106559152, openalexw2989049194"
}

@article{doi105194cp1211992016,
    author = "Gómez, Juan José Morales and Comas‐Rengifo, María José and Goy, António",
    title = "Palaeoclimatic oscillations in the Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) of the Asturian Basin (Northern Spain)",
    year = "2016",
    journal = "Climate of the past",
    abstract = "Abstract. One of the main controversial themes in palaeoclimatology involves elucidating whether climate during the Jurassic was warmer than the present day and if it was the same over Pangaea, with no major latitudinal gradients. There has been an abundance of evidence of oscillations in seawater temperature throughout the Jurassic. The Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) constitutes a distinctive time interval for which several seawater temperature oscillations, including an exceptional cooling event, have been documented. To constrain the timing and magnitude of these climate changes, the Rodiles section of the Asturian Basin (Northern Spain), a well exposed succession of the uppermost Sinemurian, Pliensbachian and Lower Toarcian deposits, has been studied. A total of 562 beds were measured and sampled for ammonites, for biochronostratigraphical purposes, and for belemnites, to determine the palaeoclimatic evolution through stable isotope studies. Comparison of the recorded latest Sinemurian, Pliensbachian and Early Toarcian changes in seawater palaeotemperature with other European sections allows characterization of several climatic changes that are likely of a global extent. A warming interval partly coinciding with a δ13Cbel negative excursion was recorded at the Late Sinemurian. After a “normal” temperature interval, with temperatures close to average values of the Late Sinemurian–Early Toarcian period, a new warming interval containing a short-lived positive δ13Cbel peak, developed during the Early–Late Pliensbachian transition. The Late Pliensbachian represents an outstanding cooling interval containing a δ13Cbel positive excursion interrupted by a small negative δ13Cbel peak. Finally, the Early Toarcian represented an exceptional warming period, which has been pointed out as being responsible for the prominent Early Toarcian mass extinction.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1199-2016",
    doi = "10.5194/cp-12-1199-2016",
    openalex = "W2135475224",
    references = "doi101016b9780444594259000263, doi101016jmarmicro201206004, doi101016jpalaeo201504004"
}

@article{doi101111brv12255,
    author = "Tennant, Jonathan P and Mannion, Philip D and Upchurch, Paul and Sutton, Mark D and Price, Gregory D",
    title = "Biotic and environmental dynamics through the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover.",
    year = "2017",
    journal = "Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society",
    abstract = "The Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous interval represents a time of environmental upheaval and cataclysmic events, combined with disruptions to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Historically, the Jurassic/Cretaceous (J/K) boundary was classified as one of eight mass extinctions. However, more recent research has largely overturned this view, revealing a much more complex pattern of biotic and abiotic dynamics than has previously been appreciated. Here, we present a synthesis of our current knowledge of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous events, focusing particularly on events closest to the J/K boundary. We find evidence for a combination of short-term catastrophic events, large-scale tectonic processes and environmental perturbations, and major clade interactions that led to a seemingly dramatic faunal and ecological turnover in both the marine and terrestrial realms. This is coupled with a great reduction in global biodiversity which might in part be explained by poor sampling. Very few groups appear to have been entirely resilient to this J/K boundary 'event', which hints at a 'cascade model' of ecosystem changes driving faunal dynamics. Within terrestrial ecosystems, larger, more-specialised organisms, such as saurischian dinosaurs, appear to have suffered the most. Medium-sized tetanuran theropods declined, and were replaced by larger-bodied groups, and basal eusauropods were replaced by neosauropod faunas. The ascent of paravian theropods is emphasised by escalated competition with contemporary pterosaur groups, culminating in the explosive radiation of birds, although the timing of this is obfuscated by biases in sampling. Smaller, more ecologically diverse terrestrial non-archosaurs, such as lissamphibians and mammaliaforms, were comparatively resilient to extinctions, instead documenting the origination of many extant groups around the J/K boundary. In the marine realm, extinctions were focused on low-latitude, shallow marine shelf-dwelling faunas, corresponding to a significant eustatic sea-level fall in the latest Jurassic. More mobile and ecologically plastic marine groups, such as ichthyosaurs, survived the boundary relatively unscathed. High rates of extinction and turnover in other macropredaceous marine groups, including plesiosaurs, are accompanied by the origin of most major lineages of extant sharks. Groups which occupied both marine and terrestrial ecosystems, including crocodylomorphs, document a selective extinction in shallow marine forms, whereas turtles appear to have diversified. These patterns suggest that different extinction selectivity and ecological processes were operating between marine and terrestrial ecosystems, which were ultimately important in determining the fates of many key groups, as well as the origins of many major extant lineages. We identify a series of potential abiotic candidates for driving these patterns, including multiple bolide impacts, several episodes of flood basalt eruptions, dramatic climate change, and major disruptions to oceanic systems. The J/K transition therefore, although not a mass extinction, represents an important transitional period in the co-evolutionary history of life on Earth.",
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6849608/",
    doi = "10.1111/brv.12255",
    openalex = "W2283352195",
    pmcid = "PMC6849608",
    pmid = "26888552",
    references = "doi101007s1143001040949, doi1010160031018274900194, doi101016b9780444594259000263, doi101016jcretres201112005, doi101016jcretres201304001, doi101016jcub201408034, doi101016jearscirev201203002, doi101016jgloplacha201105009, doi101016s0009254199000819, doi101017s0016756812000994, doi1010291998rg000054, doi10102993rg02508, doi101038ncomms3827, doi101038ncomms7987, doi101038ncomms9438, doi101080027246342012694385, doi10108014772011003603556, doi101080147720192011630927, doi1010801477201920151059985, doi101086319243, doi101111brv12038, doi101111j1469185x200900107x, doi101111zoj12029, doi101126science1095964, doi101126science1116412, doi101126science1177265, doi101126science17540271199, doi101126science21545391501, doi101126science23547931156, doi101126scienceaaa3716, doi101144gslsp20032170111, doi101144sp35813, doi101371journalpone0029234, doi101371journalpone0103152, doi101371journalpone0112055, doi101371journalpone0125819, doi1016660022336020040780989dapftc20co2, doi1016660094837320000260056cefisg20co2, doi1026879529, doi103090610262296200073181198, doi104202app20110144"
}

@article{doi101144sp45012,
    author = "Lucas, Spencer G.",
    title = "Permian tetrapod biochronology, correlation and evolutionary events",
    year = "2017",
    journal = "Geological Society London Special Publications",
    abstract = "Abstract The most extensive Permian tetrapod (amphibian and reptile) fossil records from the western USA (New Mexico to Texas) and South Africa have been used to define 11 land vertebrate faunachrons (LVFs). These are, in ascending order, the Coyotean, Seymouran, Mitchellcreekian, Redtankian, Littlecrotonian, Kapteinskraalian, Gamkan, Hoedemakeran, Steilkransian, Platbergian and Lootsbergian. These faunachrons provide a biochronological framework with which to assign ages to, and correlate, Permian tetrapod fossil assemblages. Intercalated marine strata, radioisotopic ages and magnetostratigraphy were used to correlate the Permian LVFs to the standard global chronostratigraphic scale with varying degrees of precision. Such correlations identified the following significant events in Permian tetrapod evolution: a Coyotean chronofaunal event (end Coyotean); Redtankian events (Mitchellcreekian–Littlecrotonian); Olson's gap (late Littlecrotonian); a therapsid event (Kapteinskraalian); a dinocephalian extinction event (end Gamkan); and a latest Permian extinction event (Platbergian–Lootsbergian boundary). Problems of incompleteness, endemism and taxonomy, and the relative lack of non-biochronological age control continue to hinder the refinement and correlation of a Permian timescale based on tetrapod biochronology. Nevertheless, the global Permian timescale based on tetrapod biochronology is a robust tool for both global and regional age assignment and correlation. Advances in Permian tetrapod biochronology will come from new fossil discoveries, more detailed biostratigraphy and additional alpha taxonomic studies based on sound evolutionary taxonomic principles.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1144/sp450.12",
    doi = "10.1144/sp450.12",
    openalex = "W2616366529",
    references = "doi101002gj2433, doi101139cjes20150100"
}

@article{doi101371journalpone0225246,
    author = "Morard, Raphaël and Füllberg, Angelina and Brummer, Geert-Jan A. and Greco, Mattia and Jonkers, Lukas and Wizemann, André and Weiner, Agnes K. M. and Darling, Kate F. and Siccha, Michael and Ledevin, Ronan and Kitazato, Hiroshi and de Garidel‐Thoron, Thibault and de Vargas, Colomban and Kučera, Michal",
    title = "Genetic and morphological divergence in the warm-water planktonic foraminifera genus Globigerinoides",
    year = "2019",
    journal = "PLoS ONE",
    abstract = {The planktonic foraminifera genus Globigerinoides provides a prime example of a species-rich genus in which genetic and morphological divergence are uncorrelated. To shed light on the evolutionary processes that lead to the present-day diversity of Globigerinoides, we investigated the genetic, ecological and morphological divergence of its constituent species. We assembled a global collection of single-cell barcode sequences and show that the genus consists of eight distinct genetic types organized in five extant morphospecies. Based on morphological evidence, we reassign the species Globoturborotalita tenella to Globigerinoides and amend Globigerinoides ruber by formally proposing two new subspecies, G. ruber albus n.subsp. and G. ruber ruber in order to express their subspecies level distinction and to replace the informal G. ruber "white" and G. ruber "pink", respectively. The genetic types within G. ruber and Globigerinoides elongatus show a combination of endemism and coexistence, with little evidence for ecological differentiation. CT-scanning and ontogeny analysis reveal that the diagnostic differences in adult morphologies could be explained by alterations of the ontogenetic trajectories towards final (reproductive) size. This indicates that heterochrony may have caused the observed decoupling between genetic and morphological diversification within the genus. We find little evidence for environmental forcing of either the genetic or the morphological diversification, which allude to biotic interactions such as symbiosis, as the driver of speciation in Globigerinoides.},
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225246",
    doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0225246",
    openalex = "W2994593711",
    references = "doi105194bg1633772019"
}

@article{doi103390jmse8090706,
    author = "Kontakiotis, George and Moforis, Leonidas and Karakitsios, Vasileios and Antonarakou, Assimina",
    title = "Sedimentary Facies Analysis, Reservoir Characteristics and Paleogeography Significance of the Early Jurassic to Eocene Carbonates in Epirus (Ionian Zone, Western Greece)",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Journal of Marine Science and Engineering",
    abstract = "Sedimentological, micropalaeontological, and marine geological results from the Early Jurassic to Eocene carbonate formations of the Ionian zone, from six localities of Epirus, provide new insights into the basin palaeogeographic evolution and better correlation with coeval analogous tectono-stratigraphic successions along the southern margin of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Facies analysis allowed the recognition of several microfacies types and their depositional characteristics. During the Early Jurassic, autochthonous carbonates (Pantokrator Limestones) were deposited in shallow-water environment. The overlying (hemi)pelagic Siniais or their lateral equivalent Louros Limestones were deposited to the basin borders and mark the general deepening of the Ionian domain. During Toarcian to Tithonian, the Ionian Basin was characterized by an internal differentiation in small sub-basins with half-graben geometry presenting abrupt thickness and facies changes. The deeper parts were characterized by continuous sedimentation, while the elevated parts were marked by unconformities. The Early Cretaceous marks the homogenization of sedimentation by the deposition of the pelagic Vigla Limestones all over the Ionian zone. The transition from the Early to Late Cretaceous records a significant carbonate diversification in terms of biota assemblages, and related mineralogy due to intense tectonic activity in the region. From Late Cretaceous to Paleogene, allochthonous carbonates were transported to the outer shelf by turbidity currents (calciturbidites) and/or debris flows (limestones with breccia) formed by the gravitational collapse of the platform margin. Additional porosity and bulk density measurements showed that petrophysical behavior of these carbonates are controlled by the depositional environment and further influenced by diagenetic processes. The partly dolomitized neritic Jurassic carbonates, but mainly the Senonian calciturbidites and the microbrecciated Paleocene/Eocene limestones display the higher average porosity values, and therefore present enhanced carbonate reservoir quality.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090706",
    doi = "10.3390/jmse8090706",
    openalex = "W3085366155",
    references = "doi101016jpalaeo200509024"
}

@article{doi101016jgr202212005,
    author = "Suzuki, Keisuke and Kurihara, Toshiyuki and Sato, Teruki and Ueda, Hayato and Takahashi, Toshiro and Wilde, Simon A. and Satish‐Kumar, M.",
    title = "Detrital zircon U–Pb ages and geochemistry of Devonian–Carboniferous sandstones and volcanic rocks of the Hida Gaien belt, Southwest Japan: Provenance reveals a Gondwanan lineage for the early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of proto-Japan",
    year = "2022",
    journal = "Gondwana Research",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2022.12.005",
    doi = "10.1016/j.gr.2022.12.005",
    openalex = "W4311906212",
    references = "doi101016jjseaes2020104657, doi101144sp5122021107"
}

@article{doi101038s41467022347945,
    author = "Morard, Raphaël and Hassenrück, Christiane and Greco, Mattia and Fernàndez-Guerra, Antonio and Rigaud, Sylvain and Douady, Christophe J. and Kučera, Michal",
    title = "Renewal of planktonic foraminifera diversity after the Cretaceous Paleogene mass extinction by benthic colonizers",
    year = "2022",
    journal = "Nature Communications",
    abstract = "The biotic crisis following the end-Cretaceous asteroid impact resulted in a dramatic renewal of pelagic biodiversity. Considering the severe and immediate effect of the asteroid impact on the pelagic environment, it is remarkable that some of the most affected pelagic groups, like the planktonic foraminifera, survived at all. Here we queried a surface ocean metabarcoding dataset to show that calcareous benthic foraminifera of the clade Globothalamea are able to disperse actively in the plankton, and we show using molecular clock phylogeny that the modern planktonic clades originated from different benthic ancestors that colonized the plankton after the end-Cretaceous crisis. We conclude that the diversity of planktonic foraminifera has been the result of a constant leakage of benthic foraminifera diversity into the plankton, continuously refueling the planktonic niche, and challenge the classical interpretation of the fossil record that suggests that Mesozoic planktonic foraminifera gave rise to the modern communities.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34794-5",
    doi = "10.1038/s41467-022-34794-5",
    openalex = "W4309647019",
    references = "doi101016bssats201610005"
}

@article{doi101016jgr202306014,
    author = "Guzmán, Juliana and Piovesan, Enelise Katia and Melo, Robbyson Mendes and de Almeida-Lima, Débora Soares and de Jesus e Sousa, Ariany and de Miranda Lopes Neumann, Virgínio Henrique",
    title = "Ostracoda and foraminifera biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental evolution of the Aptian Santana Group, post-rift of the Araripe Basin, Brazil",
    year = "2023",
    journal = "Gondwana Research",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2023.06.014",
    doi = "10.1016/j.gr.2023.06.014",
    openalex = "W4381952086",
    references = "doi101017s0263593300005253, doi101038s41598020727898, doi101111sed12846"
}

@article{doi1010292023pa004736,
    author = "Bom, Marlone H.H. and Kochhann, Karlos Guilherme Diemer and Heimhofer, Ulrich and Mota, Marcelo A. De Lira and Guerra, Rodrigo M. and Simões, Marcello Guimarães and Krahl, Guilherme and Meirelles, Valeska and Ceolín, Daiane and Fürsich, Franz T. and Lima, F. H. O. and Fauth, Gérson and Assine, Mário Luís",
    title = "Fossil‐Bearing Concretions of the Araripe Basin Accumulated During Oceanic Anoxic Event 1b",
    year = "2023",
    journal = "Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology",
    abstract = "Abstract Fossils from the Araripe Basin (northeastern Brazil) are known for their remarkable preservation of vertebrates and invertebrates, even including soft tissues. They occur in carbonate concretions within organic carbon‐rich strata assigned to the Romualdo Formation. Here we present integrated stable isotope, elemental and microfossil records from the Sítio Sobradinho outcrop, Araripe Basin, northeastern Brazil. Our results imply that black shales hosting fossil‐bearing carbonate concretions within the lower Romualdo Formation were deposited during Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 1b (Kilian sub‐event). Our high‐resolution multi‐proxy approach allows identifying four phases of environmental evolution. After a pre‐event phase, an early phase (onset of the negative carbon isotope excursion—nCIE) of water column stratification and reduced oxygenation likely preconditioned the system for organic carbon burial and preservation. A second phase (peak nCIE) was characterized by an intensified hydrological cycle and continental runoff, as well as increased influx of terrestrial organic matter. High input of continent‐derived nutrients might have enhanced biological productivity in the epicontinental sea, ultimately leading to increased organic carbon fluxes and burial, as well as carbonate dissolution at the seafloor. All together, these paleoenvironmental conditions resulted in expansion of an oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), favoring taphonomic processes that led to the excellent preservation of diverse macro‐ and microfossils. The nCIE recovery phase was characterized by reduced nutrient supply and organic carbon burial. Organic carbon sequestration in such paleoenvironments likely contributed to the recovery (increase) of stable carbon isotope (δ 13 C) records in the deep ocean during the Kilian sub‐event of OAE 1b.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2023pa004736",
    doi = "10.1029/2023pa004736",
    openalex = "W4388894421",
    references = "doi101038s41598020727898, doi101111sed12846"
}

@article{doi101016jmarmicro2024102434,
    author = "Racki, Grzegorz",
    title = "Evolutionary, paleoecological and taphonomic aspects of new agglutinated foraminifer Devonodendron scopulum from the Frasnian of Holy Cross Mts, Poland",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Marine Micropaleontology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2024.102434",
    doi = "10.1016/j.marmicro.2024.102434",
    openalex = "W4405713330",
    references = "doi101016bssats201610005, doi101073pnas2100656118, doi105194bg1857192021"
}