@misc{hill1823an68,
    author = "Hill, I",
    title = "An abstract of a new theory of the formation of the earth",
    year = "1823",
    howpublished = "Baltimore, N.G. Maxwell, 211 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hill, I., 1823, An abstract of a new theory of the formation of the earth: Baltimore, N.G. Maxwell, 211 p.}"
}

@inproceedings{sedgwick1831proceedings142,
    author = "Sedgwick, A",
    title = "Proceedings of the Geological Society of London",
    year = "1831",
    booktitle = "London, Geological Society of London",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Sedgwick, A., 1831, Proceedings of the Geological Society of London: London, Geological Society of London.}"
}

@misc{lyell1853principles99,
    author = "Lyell, C",
    title = "Principles of Geology",
    year = "1853",
    howpublished = "Boston, Little, Brown",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Lyell, C., 1853, Principles of Geology: Boston, Little, Brown.}"
}

@misc{holmes1878188372,
    author = "Holmes, W. H",
    title = "(1883), Report on the Geology of the Yellowstone National Park",
    year = "1878",
    howpublished = "Washington, D.C., United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 57 p.; Annual Report 12, Part 2",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Holmes, W. H., 1878 (1883), Report on the Geology of the Yellowstone National Park: Washington, D.C., United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 57 p.; Annual Report 12, Part 2.}"
}

@misc{dutton1882tertiary40,
    author = "Dutton, C. E",
    title = "Tertiary History of the Grand Canyon District",
    year = "1882",
    howpublished = "Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, v. 2, 264 p.; United States Geological Survey Mongraphs",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Dutton, C. E., 1882, Tertiary History of the Grand Canyon District: Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, v. 2, 264 p.; United States Geological Survey Mongraphs.}"
}

@misc{vonzittel1901history175,
    author = "Von Zittel, K",
    title = "History of Geology and Paleontology",
    year = "1901",
    howpublished = "London, Walter Scott",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Von Zittel, K., 1901, History of Geology and Paleontology: London, Walter Scott.}"
}

@misc{walcott1910abrupt178,
    author = "Walcott, C. D",
    title = "Abrupt appearance of the Cambrian fauna on the North American continent",
    year = "1910",
    howpublished = "Cambrian Geology and Paleontology, II: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 57, p. 1-16",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Walcott, C. D., 1910, Abrupt appearance of the Cambrian fauna on the North American continent: Cambrian Geology and Paleontology, II: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 57, p. 1-16.}"
}

@misc{walcott1911middle179,
    author = "Walcott, C. D",
    title = "Middle Cambrian Merostomata. Cambrian Geology and Paleontology, II",
    year = "1911",
    howpublished = "Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 57, p. 17-40",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Walcott, C. D., 1911, Middle Cambrian Merostomata. Cambrian Geology and Paleontology, II: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 57, p. 17-40.}"
}

@misc{walcott1911middle180,
    author = "Walcott, C. D",
    title = "Middle Cambrian holothurians and medusae. Cambrian Geology and Paleontology",
    year = "1911",
    howpublished = "Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 57, p. 41-68",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Walcott, C. D., 1911, Middle Cambrian holothurians and medusae. Cambrian Geology and Paleontology: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 57, p. 41-68.}"
}

@misc{walcott1911middle181,
    author = "Walcott, C. D",
    title = "Middle Cambrian annelids. Cambrian Geology and Paleontology",
    year = "1911",
    howpublished = "Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 57, p. 109-144",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Walcott, C. D., 1911, Middle Cambrian annelids. Cambrian Geology and Paleontology: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 57, p. 109-144.}"
}

@misc{walcott1912middle182,
    author = "Walcott, C. D",
    title = "Middle Cambrian Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita and Merostomata. Cambrian Geology and Paleontology, II",
    year = "1912",
    howpublished = "Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 57, p. 145-228",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Walcott, C. D., 1912, Middle Cambrian Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita and Merostomata. Cambrian Geology and Paleontology, II: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 57, p. 145-228.}"
}

@techreport{campbell1914the28,
    author = "Campbell, M. R",
    title = "THe Glacier National Park",
    year = "1914",
    howpublished = "United States Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 600, p. 1-54",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Campbell, M. R., 1914, THe Glacier National Park: United States Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 600, p. 1-54.}"
}

@misc{pietzsch1925die129,
    author = "Pietzsch, K",
    title = "Die Braunkohlen Duetschland [1st ed.]",
    year = "1925",
    howpublished = "Berlin, v. 1",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Pietzsch, K., 1925, Die Braunkohlen Duetschland [1st ed.]: Berlin, v. 1.}"
}

@book{price1926evolutionary131,
    author = "Price, G. M",
    title = "Evolutionary Geology and the New Catastrophism",
    year = "1926",
    publisher = "Mountain View, California, Pacific Press",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Price, G. M., 1926, Evolutionary Geology and the New Catastrophism: Mountain View, California, Pacific Press.}"
}

@article{king1929corrosion83,
    author = "King, P. B",
    title = "Corrosion and corrasion on Barton Creek, Texas",
    year = "1929",
    journal = "Journal of Geology, v. 35, p. 631-638",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {King, P. B., 1929, Corrosion and corrasion on Barton Creek, Texas: Journal of Geology, v. 35, p. 631-638.}"
}

@misc{fenneman1931physiography45,
    author = "Fenneman, N. M",
    title = "Physiography of the Western United States",
    year = "1931",
    howpublished = "New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 534 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fenneman, N. M., 1931, Physiography of the Western United States: New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 534 p.}"
}

@misc{roethe1932uber135,
    author = "Roethe, O",
    title = "Uber die Stauchungen im Braunkohlenteriar der ostlichen",
    year = "1932",
    howpublished = "Berlin, Mark Brandenburg",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Roethe, O., 1932, Uber die Stauchungen im Braunkohlenteriar der ostlichen: Berlin, Mark Brandenburg.}"
}

@misc{veatch1939atlantic172,
    author = "Veatch, A. C. and Smith, P. A",
    title = "Atlantic submarine valleys of the United States and the Congo submarine valley",
    year = "1939",
    howpublished = "Geological Society of America, Special Paper, v. 7; 101 pp",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Veatch, A. C., and Smith, P. A., 1939, Atlantic submarine valleys of the United States and the Congo submarine valley: Geological Society of America, Special Paper, v. 7; 101 pp.}"
}

@book{moore1940coal105,
    author = "Moore, E. S",
    title = "Coal",
    year = "1940",
    publisher = "Its Properties, Analysis, Classification, Extraction, Uses and Distribution [2nd ed.]: New York, John Wiley \& Sons, 473 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Moore, E. S., 1940, Coal: Its Properties, Analysis, Classification, Extraction, Uses and Distribution [2nd ed.]: New York, John Wiley \& Sons, 473 p.}"
}

@techreport{sharp1940eparchean144,
    author = "Sharp, R. P",
    title = "Ep-Archean and Ep-Algonkian erosion surfaces, Grand Canyon, Arizona",
    year = "1940",
    howpublished = "Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 51, p. 1235-1270",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Sharp, R. P., 1940, Ep-Archean and Ep-Algonkian erosion surfaces, Grand Canyon, Arizona: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 51, p. 1235-1270.}"
}

@book{bucher1941the24,
    author = "Bucher, W. H",
    title = "The nature of geological inquiry and the training required for it",
    year = "1941",
    publisher = "American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, Technical Publications, no. 1377, p. 6",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bucher, W. H., 1941, The nature of geological inquiry and the training required for it: American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, Technical Publications, no. 1377, p. 6.}"
}

@misc{mckee1945cambrian101,
    author = "McKee, E. D",
    title = "Cambrian History of the Grand Canyon Region",
    year = "1945",
    howpublished = "Washington, D.C., Carnegie Institute of Washington, 232 p.; Publication 563, Part I",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {McKee, E. D., 1945, Cambrian History of the Grand Canyon Region: Washington, D.C., Carnegie Institute of Washington, 232 p.; Publication 563, Part I.}"
}

@techreport{bornhauser1948possible18,
    author = "Bornhauser, M",
    title = "Possible ancient submarine canyon in southwestern Louisiana",
    year = "1948",
    howpublished = "American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 32, p. 2287-2290",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bornhauser, M., 1948, Possible ancient submarine canyon in southwestern Louisiana: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 32, p. 2287-2290.}"
}

@misc{passendorfer1948geologia127,
    author = "Passendorfer, E",
    title = "Geologia Dorzecza Ordy",
    year = "1948",
    howpublished = "Poznan, Instytut Zachodni, 354 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Passendorfer, E., 1948, Geologia Dorzecza Ordy: Poznan, Instytut Zachodni, 354 p.}"
}

@book{kuiper1949the89,
    author = "Kuiper, G. P",
    title = "The Atmospheres of the Earth and Planets",
    year = "1949",
    publisher = "Chicago, Ill., University of Chicago Press",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kuiper, G. P., 1949, The Atmospheres of the Earth and Planets: Chicago, Ill., University of Chicago Press.}"
}

@article{kuenen1950turbidity88,
    author = "Kuenen, P. H. and Migliorini, C",
    title = "Turbidity currents as a cause of graded bedding",
    year = "1950",
    journal = "Journal of Geology, v. 58, p. 91-127",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kuenen, P. H., and Migliorini, C., 1950, Turbidity currents as a cause of graded bedding: Journal of Geology, v. 58, p. 91-127.}"
}

@misc{gillespie1951genesis56,
    author = "Gillespie, C. C",
    title = "Genesis and Geology",
    year = "1951",
    howpublished = "New York, Harper",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Gillespie, C. C., 1951, Genesis and Geology: New York, Harper.}"
}

@misc{heseman1955uber67,
    author = "Heseman, J",
    title = "Uber die Braunkohlen - Vorkommen von Konin und Warthestadt im Warthegau",
    year = "1955",
    howpublished = "Berlin, Jahrb. d. Reichsamts fur 1942",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Heseman, J., 1955, Uber die Braunkohlen - Vorkommen von Konin und Warthestadt im Warthegau: Berlin, Jahrb. d. Reichsamts fur 1942.}"
}

@book{flint1957glacial48,
    author = "Flint, R. F",
    title = "Glacial and Pleistocene Geology",
    year = "1957",
    publisher = "New York, John Wiley \& Sons, 553 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Flint, R. F., 1957, Glacial and Pleistocene Geology: New York, John Wiley \& Sons, 553 p.}"
}

@book{pettijohn1957sedimentary128,
    author = "Pettijohn, F. J",
    title = "Sedimentary Rocks [2nd ed.]",
    year = "1957",
    publisher = "New York, John Wiley \& Sons, 718 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Pettijohn, F. J., 1957, Sedimentary Rocks [2nd ed.]: New York, John Wiley \& Sons, 718 p.}"
}

@article{dury1958tests37,
    author = "Dury, G. H",
    title = "Tests of a general theory of misfit streams",
    year = "1958",
    journal = "Institute of British Geographers, Transactions and Papers, p. 105-118; Publication Number 25",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Dury, G. H., 1958, Tests of a general theory of misfit streams: Institute of British Geographers, Transactions and Papers, p. 105-118; Publication Number 25.}"
}

@techreport{hubbert1959role76,
    author = "Hubbert, M. K. and Rubey, W. W",
    title = "Role of fluid pressure in the mechanics of overthrust faulting",
    year = "1959",
    howpublished = "Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 70, p. 115-166",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hubbert, M. K., and Rubey, W. W., 1959, Role of fluid pressure in the mechanics of overthrust faulting: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 70, p. 115-166.}"
}

@misc{ross1959rocks136,
    author = "Ross, C. P. and Rezak, R",
    title = "Rocks and Fossils of Glacier National Park",
    year = "1959",
    howpublished = "United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, v. 294-K, p. 401-439",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Ross, C. P., and Rezak, R., 1959, Rocks and Fossils of Glacier National Park: United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, v. 294-K, p. 401-439.}"
}

@techreport{bornhauser1960depositional19,
    author = "Bornhauser, M",
    title = "Depositional and structural history of Northwest Hartburg Field, Newton County, Texas",
    year = "1960",
    howpublished = "American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 44, p. 458-470",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bornhauser, M., 1960, Depositional and structural history of Northwest Hartburg Field, Newton County, Texas: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 44, p. 458-470.}"
}

@article{dury1960misfit38,
    author = "Dury, G. H",
    title = "Misfit streams",
    year = "1960",
    journal = "problems in interpretation, discharge, and distribution: The Geographical Review, v. 50, p. 221-242",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Dury, G. H., 1960, Misfit streams: problems in interpretation, discharge, and distribution: The Geographical Review, v. 50, p. 221-242.}"
}

@techreport{leopold1960river93,
    author = "Leopold, L. B. and Wolman, M. G",
    title = "River meanders",
    year = "1960",
    howpublished = "Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 71, p. 769-794",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Leopold, L. B., and Wolman, M. G., 1960, River meanders: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 71, p. 769-794.}"
}

@misc{farrand1961frozen42,
    author = "Farrand, W. R",
    title = "Frozen mammoths and modern geology",
    year = "1961",
    howpublished = "Science, v. 133, p. 729-735",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Farrand, W. R., 1961, Frozen mammoths and modern geology: Science, v. 133, p. 729-735.}"
}

@misc{sullwold1961turbidites164,
    author = "Sullwold, H. H. and Jr",
    title = "Turbidites in Oil Exploration, in Peterson, J. A., and Osmond, J. C., eds., Geometry of Sand Bodies",
    year = "1961",
    howpublished = "American Association of Petroleum Geologists, p. 63-81",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Sullwold, H. H., Jr., 1961, Turbidites in Oil Exploration, in Peterson, J. A., and Osmond, J. C., eds., Geometry of Sand Bodies: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, p. 63-81.}"
}

@book{bouma1962sedimentology20,
    author = "Bouma, A. H",
    title = "Sedimentology of some flysch deposits",
    year = "1962",
    publisher = "Amsterdam, Elsevier, 168 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bouma, A. H., 1962, Sedimentology of some flysch deposits: Amsterdam, Elsevier, 168 p.}"
}

@article{farrand1962postglacial43,
    author = "Farrand, W. R",
    title = "Postglacial rebound in North America",
    year = "1962",
    journal = "American Journal of Science, v. 260, p. 181-198",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Farrand, W. R., 1962, Postglacial rebound in North America: American Journal of Science, v. 260, p. 181-198.}"
}

@misc{albritton1963the2,
    author = "Albritton, C. C",
    title = "The Fabric of Geology",
    year = "1963",
    howpublished = "Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 372 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Albritton, C. C., 1963, The Fabric of Geology: Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 372 p.}"
}

@techreport{ramberg1963experimental132,
    author = "Ramberg, H",
    title = "Experimental study of gravity tectonics by means of centrifugal models",
    year = "1963",
    howpublished = "Bulletin, Geological Institute, University of Uppsala, v. 62, p. 1-97",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Ramberg, H., 1963, Experimental study of gravity tectonics by means of centrifugal models: Bulletin, Geological Institute, University of Uppsala, v. 62, p. 1-97.}"
}

@misc{schumm1963the140,
    author = "Schumm, S. A",
    title = "The disparity between present rates of denudation and orogeny",
    year = "1963",
    howpublished = "United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, v. 454-H, p. 1-13",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Schumm, S. A., 1963, The disparity between present rates of denudation and orogeny: United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, v. 454-H, p. 1-13.}"
}

@misc{shepard1963submarine147,
    author = "Shepard, F. P",
    title = "Submarine Geology [2nd ed.]",
    year = "1963",
    howpublished = "New York, Harper \& Row, 557 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Shepard, F. P., 1963, Submarine Geology [2nd ed.]: New York, Harper \& Row, 557 p.}"
}

@misc{simpson1963historical150,
    author = "Simpson, G. G",
    title = "Historical Science, in Albritton, C. C., ed., The Fabric of Geology",
    year = "1963",
    howpublished = "Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., p. 24-48",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Simpson, G. G., 1963, Historical Science, in Albritton, C. C., ed., The Fabric of Geology: Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., p. 24-48.}"
}

@misc{galanopoulos1964die54,
    author = "Galanopoulos, A. G",
    title = "Die agyptischen Plagen und der Auszug Israles aus geologischer Sicht",
    year = "1964",
    howpublished = "Das Altertum, v. 10, p. 131-137",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Galanopoulos, A. G., 1964, Die agyptischen Plagen und der Auszug Israles aus geologischer Sicht: Das Altertum, v. 10, p. 131-137.}"
}

@misc{dury1965theoretical39,
    author = "Dury, G. H",
    title = "Theoretical implications of underfit streams",
    year = "1965",
    howpublished = "United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, v. 542-C",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Dury, G. H., 1965, Theoretical implications of underfit streams: United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, v. 542-C.}"
}

@misc{kolb1966depositional84,
    author = "Kolb, C. R. and Van Lopik, J. R",
    title = "Depositional Environments of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain--Southeastern Louisiana, in Shirley, M. L., and Ragsdale, J. A., eds., Deltas in Their Geologic Framework",
    year = "1966",
    howpublished = "Houston, Texas, Houston Geological Society, p. 18-61",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kolb, C. R., and Van Lopik, J. R., 1966, Depositional Environments of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain--Southeastern Louisiana, in Shirley, M. L., and Ragsdale, J. A., eds., Deltas in Their Geologic Framework: Houston, Texas, Houston Geological Society, p. 18-61.}"
}

@misc{schumm1967meander141,
    author = "Schumm, S. A",
    title = "Meander wavelength of alluvial rivers",
    year = "1967",
    howpublished = "Science, v. 157, p. 1549-1550",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Schumm, S. A., 1967, Meander wavelength of alluvial rivers: Science, v. 157, p. 1549-1550.}"
}

@article{walker1967turebidite183,
    author = "Walker, R. G",
    title = "Turebidite sedimentary structures and their relationship to proximal and distal depositional environments",
    year = "1967",
    journal = "Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 37, p. 25-43",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Walker, R. G., 1967, Turebidite sedimentary structures and their relationship to proximal and distal depositional environments: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 37, p. 25-43.}"
}

@techreport{paine1968stratigraphy124,
    author = "Paine, R",
    title = "Stratigraphy and sedimentation of subsurface Hackberry wedge and associated beds of southwestern Louisiana",
    year = "1968",
    howpublished = "American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 52, p. 322-342",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Paine, R., 1968, Stratigraphy and sedimentation of subsurface Hackberry wedge and associated beds of southwestern Louisiana: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 52, p. 322-342.}"
}

@misc{zolotov1968structure200,
    author = "Zolotov, A. N. et al",
    title = "Structure of the gas condensate deposit of Parfenovskii horizon of Markovskii oil field",
    year = "1968",
    howpublished = "Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 6, p. 26-30",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Zolotov, A. N. et al., 1968, Structure of the gas condensate deposit of Parfenovskii horizon of Markovskii oil field: Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 6, p. 26-30.}"
}

@techreport{bandy1969middle6,
    author = "Bandy, O. L. and Arnal, R. E",
    title = "Middle Tertiary Basin development, San Joaquin Valley, California",
    year = "1969",
    howpublished = "Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, p. 783-820",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bandy, O. L., and Arnal, R. E., 1969, Middle Tertiary Basin development, San Joaquin Valley, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, p. 783-820.}"
}

@article{vandefliert1969fundamentalism170,
    author = "Van de Fliert, J. R",
    title = "Fundamentalism and the fundamentals of geology",
    year = "1969",
    journal = "Journal of American Scientific Affiliations, v. 21, p. 69-81",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Van de Fliert, J. R., 1969, Fundamentalism and the fundamentals of geology: Journal of American Scientific Affiliations, v. 21, p. 69-81.}"
}

@article{doi1013065d25cc7916c111d78645000102c1865d,
    author = "Normark, William R.",
    title = "Growth Patterns of Deep-Sea Fans",
    year = "1970",
    journal = "AAPG Bulletin",
    abstract = "ABSTRACT The growth pattern of a deep-sea fan relates events in and around the fan-valleys to the structure and morphology of the open fan. The growth pattern cannot be determined without knowledge of the origin and recent history of the fan-valley system. The mapping of La Jolla and San Lucas deep-sea fans with the deep-towed instrument package developed at Marine Physical Laboratory of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography details the fine-scale morphology, structure, and internal fill of the fan-valleys and suggests the growth patterns of these fans. The La Jolla fan, 20 km west of Scripps Institution, has one meandering fan-valley that extends across the entire fan. Except on the toe of the fan, the deeply incised valley has terraced walls with steeper walls on the outside of meanders. Very low-relief levees border the fan-valley in some localities. The present erosional valley bypasses the partly buried remnants of an older distributary system on the lower fan. The San Lucas fan, off the southern tip of the peninsula of Baja California, shows a depositional lobe of sediment, or suprafan, below the short, leveed fan-valley extending from San Jose Canyon. The suprafan appears as a convex-upward bulge on a radial profile of the fan. The surface of the suprafan has a series of discontinuous depressions up to 55 m deep and 1 km wide. The depressions are generally asymmetric in cross section, commonly have terraced walls, and are underlain by coarse sand and gravel. They are interpreted to be channel remnants. A model for deep-sea fan growth, based on this study, predicts that deposition on a fan will be localized in a suprafan at the end of large, leveed valleys commonly found on, and generally confined to, the upper reaches of deep-sea fans. The suprafan normally is on the midfan and is characterized by numerous smaller distributary channels. Rapid aggradation in the suprafan coupled with migration and meandering of the channels produces a surface marked by isolated depressions or channel remnants. Uniform deposition, producing a symmetrical half-cone morphology, results from the shifting through time of fan-valleys across the area of the fan.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1306/5d25cc79-16c1-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    doi = "10.1306/5d25cc79-16c1-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    openalex = "W1979345769",
    references = "doi101086621596, doi101086623509, doi101086625999, doi101086627271, doi101126science1523721502, doi101130001676061969801859dfpap20co2, doi1013065ceae13616bb11d78645000102c1865d, doi1013065d25c61516c111d78645000102c1865d, doi101306bc743d7f16be11d78645000102c1865d, openalexw580680426"
}

@misc{komar1970new85,
    author = "Komar, V. A. and Semikhatov, M. A. and Serebryakov, S. N. and Voronov, B. G",
    title = "New data on the stratigraphy and geological history of the Riphean in South-Eastern Siberia and the USSR North-East [in Russian]",
    year = "1970",
    howpublished = "Soviet Geology, v. 3, p. 37-53",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Komar, V. A., Semikhatov, M. A., Serebryakov, S. N., and Voronov, B. G., 1970, New data on the stratigraphy and geological history of the Riphean in South-Eastern Siberia and the USSR North-East [in Russian]: Soviet Geology, v. 3, p. 37-53.}"
}

@book{macdonald1970volcanoes100,
    author = "Macdonald, G. A. and Abbott, A. T",
    title = "Volcanoes in the Sea",
    year = "1970",
    publisher = "The Geology of Hawaii: Honolulu, Hawaii, University of Hawaii Press, 441 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Macdonald, G. A., and Abbott, A. T., 1970, Volcanoes in the Sea: The Geology of Hawaii: Honolulu, Hawaii, University of Hawaii Press, 441 p.}"
}

@techreport{normark1970growth118,
    author = "Normark, W. R",
    title = "Growth patterns of deep sea fans",
    year = "1970",
    howpublished = "American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 54, p. 2170-2195",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Normark, W. R., 1970, Growth patterns of deep sea fans: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 54, p. 2170-2195.}"
}

@techreport{ostrom1970stratigraphy122,
    author = "Ostrom, J. H",
    title = "Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Bighorn Basin area",
    year = "1970",
    howpublished = "Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, v. 35, p. 1-234",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Ostrom, J. H., 1970, Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Bighorn Basin area: Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, v. 35, p. 1-234.}"
}

@misc{samsonov1970about139,
    author = "Samsonov, V. V. and Tyshchenko, L. F",
    title = "About genetic connections between gasses from the closed pores and gasses from the productive seams",
    year = "1970",
    howpublished = "Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 8, p. 33-36",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Samsonov, V. V., and Tyshchenko, L. F., 1970, About genetic connections between gasses from the closed pores and gasses from the productive seams: Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 8, p. 33-36.}"
}

@misc{various1970continents171,
    author = "Various",
    title = "Continents Adrift, in Readings from Scientific American",
    year = "1970",
    howpublished = "San Francisco, W.H. Freeman",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Various, 1970, Continents Adrift, in Readings from Scientific American: San Francisco, W.H. Freeman.}"
}

@article{benson1971geology13,
    author = "Benson, P. H",
    title = "Geology of the Oligocene Hackberry trend, Gillis English Bayou - Manchester area, Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana",
    year = "1971",
    journal = "Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 21, p. 1-14",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Benson, P. H., 1971, Geology of the Oligocene Hackberry trend, Gillis English Bayou - Manchester area, Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 21, p. 1-14.}"
}

@book{flint1971glacial49,
    author = "Flint, R. F",
    title = "Glacial and Quaternary Geology",
    year = "1971",
    publisher = "New York, John Wiley \& Sons, 892 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Flint, R. F., 1971, Glacial and Quaternary Geology: New York, John Wiley \& Sons, 892 p.}"
}

@misc{garilov1971about55,
    author = "Garilov, Y. Y. and Kulibakina, I. B. and Teplinskiy, G. I",
    title = "About the formation of hydrocarbon deposits of Markovskii oil field",
    year = "1971",
    howpublished = "Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 2, p. 30-31",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Garilov, Y. Y., Kulibakina, I. B., and Teplinskiy, G. I., 1971, About the formation of hydrocarbon deposits of Markovskii oil field: Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 2, p. 30-31.}"
}

@book{jennings1971karst78,
    author = "Jennings, J. N",
    title = "Karst",
    year = "1971",
    publisher = "Cambridge, Mass., The MIT Press, 252 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Jennings, J. N., 1971, Karst: Cambridge, Mass., The MIT Press, 252 p.}"
}

@misc{strahler1971the160,
    author = "Strahler, A. N",
    title = "The Earth Sciences [2nd ed.]",
    year = "1971",
    howpublished = "New York, Harper \& Row, 824 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Strahler, A. N., 1971, The Earth Sciences [2nd ed.]: New York, Harper \& Row, 824 p.}"
}

@techreport{walker1971nondeltaic184,
    author = "Walker, R. G",
    title = "Nondeltaic depositional environments in the Catskill clastic wedge (Upper Devonian) of central Pennsylvania",
    year = "1971",
    howpublished = "Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 82, p. 1305-1326",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Walker, R. G., 1971, Nondeltaic depositional environments in the Catskill clastic wedge (Upper Devonian) of central Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 82, p. 1305-1326.}"
}

@misc{bazeley1972san10,
    author = "Bazeley, W",
    title = "San Emidio Nose Field",
    year = "1972",
    howpublished = "American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 16, p. 297-312",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bazeley, W., 1972, San Emidio Nose Field: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 16, p. 297-312.}"
}

@techreport{davies1972deep33,
    author = "Davies, D. K",
    title = "Deep sea sediments and their sedimentation, Gulf of Mexico",
    year = "1972",
    howpublished = "American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 56, p. 2212-2239",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Davies, D. K., 1972, Deep sea sediments and their sedimentation, Gulf of Mexico: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 56, p. 2212-2239.}"
}

@book{fisher1972clastic47,
    author = "Fisher, W. L. and Brown, L. F. and Jr",
    title = "Clastic depositional systems - a genetic approach to facies analysis",
    year = "1972",
    publisher = "Bureau of Economic Geology: University of Texas at Austin, p. 161-183",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fisher, W. L., and Brown, L. F., Jr., 1972, Clastic depositional systems - a genetic approach to facies analysis: Bureau of Economic Geology: University of Texas at Austin, p. 161-183.}"
}

@misc{hsu1972when74,
    author = "Hsu, K. J",
    title = "When the Mediterranean dried up",
    year = "1972",
    howpublished = "Scientific American, v. 227, no. 6, p. 27-36",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hsu, K. J., 1972, When the Mediterranean dried up: Scientific American, v. 227, no. 6, p. 27-36.}"
}

@misc{mutti1972le111,
    author = "Mutti, E. and Ricci Lucchi, F",
    title = "Le torbiditi dell'Appennino settentrionale",
    year = "1972",
    howpublished = "introduzione all'ananisi di facies: Memoirs Soc. Geol. Italiana, v. 11, p. 161-199",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Mutti, E., and Ricci Lucchi, F., 1972, Le torbiditi dell'Appennino settentrionale: introduzione all'ananisi di facies: Memoirs Soc. Geol. Italiana, v. 11, p. 161-199.}"
}

@misc{mutti1972un110,
    author = "Mutti, E. and Ghibaudo, G",
    title = "Un esempio di torbiditi di conoide sottomarina estern",
    year = "1972",
    howpublished = "le Arenarie di San Salvatore (Formazione di Bobbio, Miocene) nell'Appennino de Piacenza. Memorie dell'Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Mathematiche e Naturali, Series 4, No.16, 40 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Mutti, E., and Ghibaudo, G., 1972, Un esempio di torbiditi di conoide sottomarina estern: le Arenarie di San Salvatore (Formazione di Bobbio, Miocene) nell'Appennino de Piacenza. Memorie dell'Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Mathematiche e Naturali, Series 4, No.16, 40 p.}"
}

@misc{shepard1972incised148,
    author = "Shepard, R. G",
    title = "Incised river meanders",
    year = "1972",
    howpublished = "evolution in simulated bedrock: Science, v. 178, p. 409-411",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Shepard, R. G., 1972, Incised river meanders: evolution in simulated bedrock: Science, v. 178, p. 409-411.}"
}

@misc{bazanov1973geological8,
    author = "Bazanov, E. A",
    title = "Geological structure of Yaraktinskoye oil field in Irkutsk region",
    year = "1973",
    howpublished = "Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 7, p. 15-18",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bazanov, E. A., 1973, Geological structure of Yaraktinskoye oil field in Irkutsk region: Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 7, p. 15-18.}"
}

@article{berg1973deepwater14,
    author = "Berg, R. R. and Findley, R",
    title = "Deep-water interpretation of Upper Wilcox sandstones from core study, Katy Field, Texas",
    year = "1973",
    journal = "Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 23, p. 259-265",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Berg, R. R., and Findley, R., 1973, Deep-water interpretation of Upper Wilcox sandstones from core study, Katy Field, Texas: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 23, p. 259-265.}"
}

@article{bouma1973leveedchannel21,
    author = "Bouma, A. H",
    title = "Leveed-channel deposits, turbidites and contourites in the deeper parts of the Gulf of Mexico",
    year = "1973",
    journal = "Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, p. 368-376",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bouma, A. H., 1973, Leveed-channel deposits, turbidites and contourites in the deeper parts of the Gulf of Mexico: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, p. 368-376.}"
}

@book{hallam1973a60,
    author = "Hallam, A",
    title = "A Revolution in the Earth Sciences",
    year = "1973",
    publisher = "New York, Oxford University Press",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hallam, A., 1973, A Revolution in the Earth Sciences: New York, Oxford University Press.}"
}

@misc{nelsom1973submarine114,
    author = "Nelsom, C. H. and Kulm, L. D",
    title = "Submarine fans and deep-sea channels, in Middleton, G. V., and Bouma, A. H., eds., Turbidites and deep-water sedimentation",
    year = "1973",
    howpublished = "Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, p. 39-78",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Nelsom, C. H., and Kulm, L. D., 1973, Submarine fans and deep-sea channels, in Middleton, G. V., and Bouma, A. H., eds., Turbidites and deep-water sedimentation: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, p. 39-78.}"
}

@book{vitaliano1973legends174,
    author = "Vitaliano, D. B",
    title = "Legends of the Earth",
    year = "1973",
    publisher = "Their Geological Origins: Bloomington, Indiana University Press",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Vitaliano, D. B., 1973, Legends of the Earth: Their Geological Origins: Bloomington, Indiana University Press.}"
}

@book{walker1973moppingup185,
    author = "Walker, R. G",
    title = "Mopping-up the turbidite mess, in Ginsburg, R. N., ed., Evolving Concepts in Sedimentology",
    year = "1973",
    publisher = "Baltimore, John Hopkins Press, p. 1-37",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Walker, R. G., 1973, Mopping-up the turbidite mess, in Ginsburg, R. N., ed., Evolving Concepts in Sedimentology: Baltimore, John Hopkins Press, p. 1-37.}"
}

@misc{walker1973turbidite188,
    author = "Walker, R. G. and Mutti, E",
    title = "Turbidite Facies and Facies Associations, in Turbidites and Deep-Water Sedimentation",
    year = "1973",
    howpublished = "SEPM, p. 119-157",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Walker, R. G., and Mutti, E., 1973, Turbidite Facies and Facies Associations, in Turbidites and Deep-Water Sedimentation: SEPM, p. 119-157.}"
}

@misc{worzel1973initial198,
    author = "Worzel, J. L. et al",
    title = "Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Program",
    year = "1973",
    howpublished = "Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, v. 10",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Worzel, J. L. et al., 1973, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Program: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, v. 10.}"
}

@misc{helwig1974steady65,
    author = "Helwig, J. and Hall, G. A",
    title = "Steady state trenches?",
    year = "1974",
    howpublished = "Geology, v. 2, p. 309-316",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Helwig, J., and Hall, G. A., 1974, Steady state trenches?: Geology, v. 2, p. 309-316.}"
}

@misc{nelson1974depositional115,
    author = "Nelson, C. H. and Nilsen, T. H",
    title = "Depositional trends of modern and ancient deep-sea fans, in Modern and Ancient Geosynclinal Sedimentation",
    year = "1974",
    howpublished = "SEPM Special Publication 19, p. 69-91",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Nelson, C. H., and Nilsen, T. H., 1974, Depositional trends of modern and ancient deep-sea fans, in Modern and Ancient Geosynclinal Sedimentation: SEPM Special Publication 19, p. 69-91.}"
}

@book{whitaker1974ancient195,
    author = "Whitaker, J. H. McD",
    title = "Ancient submarine canyons and fan valleys, in Modern and Ancient Geosynclinal Sedimentation, 19 of SEPM Special Publications",
    year = "1974",
    publisher = "Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, p. 106-125",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Whitaker, J. H. McD., 1974, Ancient submarine canyons and fan valleys, in Modern and Ancient Geosynclinal Sedimentation, 19 of SEPM Special Publications: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, p. 106-125.}"
}

@misc{biddle1975channel17,
    author = "Biddle, K. T. and Maher, J. C. and Carter, P. D",
    title = "Channel Turbidite Sandstones in the Elk Hills Member of the Monterey Shale, in Maher, J. C., ed., Petroleum Geology of the Naval Peeetroleum Reserve No.1, Elk Hills, Kern County, California, 912 of USGS Professional Paper",
    year = "1975",
    howpublished = "United States Geological Survey, p. 79-85",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Biddle, K. T., Maher, J. C., and Carter, P. D., 1975, Channel Turbidite Sandstones in the Elk Hills Member of the Monterey Shale, in Maher, J. C., ed., Petroleum Geology of the Naval Peeetroleum Reserve No.1, Elk Hills, Kern County, California, 912 of USGS Professional Paper: United States Geological Survey, p. 79-85.}"
}

@misc{croll1975climate32,
    author = "Croll, J",
    title = "Climate and Time in Their Geologic Relationships. A Theory of Secular Changes of the Earth's Climate",
    year = "1975",
    howpublished = "London, Daldy, Isbister and Co., 577 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Croll, J., 1975, Climate and Time in Their Geologic Relationships. A Theory of Secular Changes of the Earth's Climate: London, Daldy, Isbister and Co., 577 p.}"
}

@misc{kontorovich1975geology87,
    author = "Kontorovich, A. E. et al",
    title = "Geology of oil and gas of West Siberia [in Russian]",
    year = "1975",
    howpublished = "Moscow, Nedra, 679 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kontorovich, A. E. et al., 1975, Geology of oil and gas of West Siberia [in Russian]: Moscow, Nedra, 679 p.}"
}

@misc{levchenko1975prospects94,
    author = "Levchenko, I. G",
    title = "Prospects of oil and gas in Cambrian deposits of Tungusskaya syneclise and its belt",
    year = "1975",
    howpublished = "Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 1, p. 1-9",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Levchenko, I. G., 1975, Prospects of oil and gas in Cambrian deposits of Tungusskaya syneclise and its belt: Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 1, p. 1-9.}"
}

@techreport{bennetts1976characteristics12,
    author = "Bennetts, K. R. W. and Pilkey, O. H",
    title = "Characteristics of three turbidites, Hispaniola-Caicos Basin",
    year = "1976",
    howpublished = "Geological Society of America Bulletin, no. 87, p. 1291-1300",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bennetts, K. R. W., and Pilkey, O. H., 1976, Characteristics of three turbidites, Hispaniola-Caicos Basin: Geological Society of America Bulletin, no. 87, p. 1291-1300.}"
}

@article{berg1976densityflow15,
    author = "Berg, R. R. and Powell, R. R",
    title = "Density-flow origin for Frio reservoir sandstones, Nine Mile Point Field, Aransas County, Texas",
    year = "1976",
    journal = "Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 26, p. 310-319",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Berg, R. R., and Powell, R. R., 1976, Density-flow origin for Frio reservoir sandstones, Nine Mile Point Field, Aransas County, Texas: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 26, p. 310-319.}"
}

@book{degens1976stratabound34,
    author = "Degens, E. T. and Ross, D. A",
    title = "Strata-Bound Metalliferous Deposits Found In or Near Active Rifts, in Wolf, K. H., ed., Handbook of Strata-Bound Ore Deposits",
    year = "1976",
    publisher = "Amsterdam, Elsevier, v. 4, p. 165-202; 1976 [429 pp.]",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Degens, E. T., and Ross, D. A., 1976, Strata-Bound Metalliferous Deposits Found In or Near Active Rifts, in Wolf, K. H., ed., Handbook of Strata-Bound Ore Deposits: Amsterdam, Elsevier, v. 4, p. 165-202; 1976 [429 pp.].}"
}

@misc{embley1976new41,
    author = "Embley, R. W",
    title = "New evidence for occurrence of debris flow deposits in the deep sea",
    year = "1976",
    howpublished = "Geology, v. 4, p. 371-374",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Embley, R. W., 1976, New evidence for occurrence of debris flow deposits in the deep sea: Geology, v. 4, p. 371-374.}"
}

@article{stuart1976form163,
    author = "Stuart, C. J. and Caughey, C. A",
    title = "Form and composition of the Mississippi fan",
    year = "1976",
    journal = "Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 26, p. 333-343",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Stuart, C. J., and Caughey, C. A., 1976, Form and composition of the Mississippi fan: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 26, p. 333-343.}"
}

@misc{walker1976facies186,
    author = "Walker, R. G",
    title = "Facies Models 2. Turbidites and associated coarse clastic deposits",
    year = "1976",
    howpublished = "Geoscience Canada, v. 3, p. 25-36",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Walker, R. G., 1976, Facies Models 2. Turbidites and associated coarse clastic deposits: Geoscience Canada, v. 3, p. 25-36.}"
}

@misc{bazanov1977improving9,
    author = "Bazanov, E. A. and Vereshchako, I. A. and Frolov, B. M",
    title = "Improving the methods and ways to increase effectiveness of geological oil and gas reconnaissance works in Irkutsk cirque",
    year = "1977",
    howpublished = "Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 2, p. 9- 13",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bazanov, E. A., Vereshchako, I. A., and Frolov, B. M., 1977, Improving the methods and ways to increase effectiveness of geological oil and gas reconnaissance works in Irkutsk cirque: Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 2, p. 9- 13.}"
}

@article{berg1977characteristics16,
    author = "Berg, R. R. and Tedford, F. J",
    title = "Characteristics of Wilcox gas reservoirs, Northeast Thompsonville Field, Jim Hogg and Webb Counties, Texas",
    year = "1977",
    journal = "Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 27, p. 6-19",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Berg, R. R., and Tedford, F. J., 1977, Characteristics of Wilcox gas reservoirs, Northeast Thompsonville Field, Jim Hogg and Webb Counties, Texas: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 27, p. 6-19.}"
}

@article{carlson1977submarine,
    author = "Carlson, Paul R.",
    title = "Submarine canyons and deep-sea fans",
    year = "1977",
    journal = "Earth-Science Reviews",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(77)90101-5",
    doi = "10.1016/0012-8252(77)90101-5",
    number = "1",
    pages = "104-105",
    volume = "13"
}

@misc{kontorovich1977main86,
    author = "Kontorovich, A. A. et al",
    title = "Main steps and results of reconnaissance in West Siberian oil and gas province",
    year = "1977",
    howpublished = "Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 11, p. 21- 25",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kontorovich, A. A. et al., 1977, Main steps and results of reconnaissance in West Siberian oil and gas province: Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 11, p. 21- 25.}"
}

@misc{kutukov1977prospects90,
    author = "Kutukov, A. V. and Vinnikovskiy, S. A. and Shershnev, K. S",
    title = "Prospects of oil and gas in Vendian deposits of Permskii Prikam'ya",
    year = "1977",
    howpublished = "Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 11, p. 37-43",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kutukov, A. V., Vinnikovskiy, S. A., and Shershnev, K. S., 1977, Prospects of oil and gas in Vendian deposits of Permskii Prikam'ya: Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 11, p. 37-43.}"
}

@book{parker1977deepsea125,
    author = "Parker, J. R",
    title = "Deep-sea sands, in Developments in Petroleum Geology",
    year = "1977",
    publisher = "Essex, England, Applied Science Publications, Limited, v. 1, p. 225-242",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Parker, J. R., 1977, Deep-sea sands, in Developments in Petroleum Geology: Essex, England, Applied Science Publications, Limited, v. 1, p. 225-242.}"
}

@book{parker1977lower126,
    author = "Parker, J. R",
    title = "Lower Tertiary sand development in the central North Sea, in Developments in Petroleum Geology",
    year = "1977",
    publisher = "Essex, England, Applied Science Publications, Limited, v. 1, p. 447-453",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Parker, J. R., 1977, Lower Tertiary sand development in the central North Sea, in Developments in Petroleum Geology: Essex, England, Applied Science Publications, Limited, v. 1, p. 447-453.}"
}

@misc{samsonov1977epigenetic138,
    author = "Samsonov, V. V. et al",
    title = "Epigenetic cementation of terrigenous collectors and special features of bitumonites spreading on the southern slope of the Nepskii arch",
    year = "1977",
    howpublished = "Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 2, p. 18-25",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Samsonov, V. V. et al., 1977, Epigenetic cementation of terrigenous collectors and special features of bitumonites spreading on the southern slope of the Nepskii arch: Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 2, p. 18-25.}"
}

@misc{valentine1977the168,
    author = "Valentine, J. W",
    title = "The Geological Record, in Dobzhansky, T., Ayala, F. J., Stebbins, G. L., and Valentine, J. W., eds., Evolution",
    year = "1977",
    howpublished = "San Francisco, W. H. Freeman \& Co., p. 314-348",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Valentine, J. W., 1977, The Geological Record, in Dobzhansky, T., Ayala, F. J., Stebbins, G. L., and Valentine, J. W., eds., Evolution: San Francisco, W. H. Freeman \& Co., p. 314-348.}"
}

@misc{babintseva1978hydrogeochemical5,
    author = "Babintseva, T. N. et al",
    title = "Hydrogeochemical conditions of the oil and gas reserves of the Tunguska basin",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 3, p. 30-36",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Babintseva, T. N. et al., 1978, Hydrogeochemical conditions of the oil and gas reserves of the Tunguska basin: Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 3, p. 30-36.}"
}

@misc{belenkiy1978ways11,
    author = "Belen'kiy, V. Y. and Kunin, N. Y",
    title = "Ways of improving the effectiveness of seismic reconnaissance when preparing [investigating] structures in Western Yakutia",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 5, p. 22-30",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Belen'kiy, V. Y., and Kunin, N. Y., 1978, Ways of improving the effectiveness of seismic reconnaissance when preparing [investigating] structures in Western Yakutia: Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 5, p. 22-30.}"
}

@misc{bouma1978intraslope22,
    author = "Bouma, A. H. and Smith, L. B. and Sidner, B. R. and McKee, T. R",
    title = "Intraslope basin in Northwest Gulf of Mexico, in, 7 of AAPG Studies in Geology",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "American Association of Petroleum Geologists, p. 289-302",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bouma, A. H., Smith, L. B., Sidner, B. R., and McKee, T. R., 1978, Intraslope basin in Northwest Gulf of Mexico, in, 7 of AAPG Studies in Geology: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, p. 289-302.}"
}

@misc{dillon1978late35,
    author = "Dillon, W. P. and Oldale, R. N",
    title = "Late Quaternary sea-level curve",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "reinterpretation based on glaciotectonic influence: Geology, v. 6, p. 56- 60",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Dillon, W. P., and Oldale, R. N., 1978, Late Quaternary sea-level curve: reinterpretation based on glaciotectonic influence: Geology, v. 6, p. 56- 60.}"
}

@article{doi101306c1ea4f7716c911d78645000102c1865d,
    author = "Walker, Roger G.",
    title = "Deep-Water Sandstone Facies and Ancient Submarine Fans: Models for Exploration for Stratigraphic Traps",
    year = "1978",
    journal = "AAPG Bulletin",
    abstract = "Abstract Five main facies of deep-water clastic rocks can be defined: classic turbidites, massive sandstones, pebbly sandstones, conglomerates, and debris flows (with slumps and slides). The classic turbidites consist of monotonously parallel-interbedded sandstones and shales without channeling; internal sedimentary structures include grading, parallel lamination, and cross-lamination. Massive sandstones are thicker, coarser, and commonly channelized. They lack the sedimentary structures of classic turbidites, but do contain evidence of dewatering during deposition. Pebbly sandstones tend to be well graded, and can contain parallel stratification and large-scale cross-stratification. Conglomerates are characterized by inverse and normal grading, parallel and cross-stratification, and commonly have a preferred clast fabric (imbrication). Both the pebbly sandstones and conglomerates commonly are channelized. The facies can be fitted into a model of submarine-fan deposition. Modern fans are subdivided into an upper fan (suprafan), characterized by (1) a single deep channel with levees, (2) a middle fan, built up from suprafan lobes that periodically switch in position, and (3) a topographically smooth lower fan. The suprafan lobes have shallow, braided channels on their inner parts, but the outer suprafan lobes are smooth, and grade basinward into the smooth lower fan and basin plain. The smooth suprafan lobes and lower fan are characterized by deposition of the classic turbidite facies, and the braided part of the suprafan lobes by massive and pebbly sandstones. When one lobe is abandoned and another starts to prograde elsewhere, the first lobe is blanketed by mud, forming a potential stratigraphic trap. The upper-fan channel is an area of coarse sediment deposition, or conglomerates where gravel and boulders are supplied to the basin. During fan progradation, thickening- and coarsening-upward facies sequences can be formed in a manner analogous to those of deltas. Fan channels also can be abandoned progressively, forming thinning- and fining-upward sequences similar to those of fluvial or distributary channels. These sequences can be identified on electric logs. Where basin shales act as hydrocarbon-source areas, the classic turbidites can act as conduits, leading the hydrocarbons to the thicker, laterally coalesced massive and pebbly sandstones of the braided suprafan lobes. These bodies can be of the order of 25 km in diameter, and up to 100 m thick. The coarse deposits of the upper-fan channel also might form good reservoirs, being bounded by shales (levee deposits) on either side, and possibly by shales above if the fan-channel system is abandoned. Such channels can be tens of kilometers long, several kilometers wide, and a few hundred meters deep. Reservoirs may be present in all of these environments.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1306/c1ea4f77-16c9-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    doi = "10.1306/c1ea4f77-16c9-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    openalex = "W4253862311",
    references = "doi101086625710, doi101111j136530911975tb00290x, doi101111j136530911976tb00051x, doi101111j136530911977tb00122x, doi10113000167606195970279tdispa20co2, doi101130001676061969801859dfpap20co2, doi10113000167606197586737gfmfrc20co2, doi101144pygs3511, doi101306212f6cb72b2411d78648000102c1865d, doi1013065d25c61516c111d78645000102c1865d, doi1013065d25cc7916c111d78645000102c1865d, doi10130674d716452b2111d78648000102c1865d"
}

@misc{holmes1978holmes71,
    author = "Holmes, A. and Holmes, D. C",
    title = "Holmes Principles of Physical Geology [3rd ed.]",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "Sunbury-on-Thames, Thomas Nelson, 730 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Holmes, A., and Holmes, D. C., 1978, Holmes Principles of Physical Geology [3rd ed.]: Sunbury-on-Thames, Thomas Nelson, 730 p.}"
}

@misc{hsu1978when75,
    author = "Hsu, K. J",
    title = "When the Black Sea was drained",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "Scientific American, v. 238, no. 5, p. 53-63",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hsu, K. J., 1978, When the Black Sea was drained: Scientific American, v. 238, no. 5, p. 53-63.}"
}

@misc{kazanskii1978methods79,
    author = "Kazanskii, V. V. et al",
    title = "Methods of influencing low permeability collector seams of East Siberia during teats",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 4, p. 60-64",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kazanskii, V. V. et al., 1978, Methods of influencing low permeability collector seams of East Siberia during teats: Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 4, p. 60-64.}"
}

@misc{kerr1978seismic81,
    author = "Kerr, R. A",
    title = "Seismic reflection profiling",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "A new look at the deep crust: Science, v. 199, p. 672-674",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kerr, R. A., 1978, Seismic reflection profiling: A new look at the deep crust: Science, v. 199, p. 672-674.}"
}

@article{lund1978preplatform98,
    author = "Lund, J. W. and King, J. S. and Berlitz, R. and Gilreath, J. A",
    title = "Pre-platform exploration of High Island, Blocks A-560 and A-561",
    year = "1978",
    journal = "Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 28, p. 273-294",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Lund, J. W., King, J. S., Berlitz, R., and Gilreath, J. A., 1978, Pre-platform exploration of High Island, Blocks A-560 and A-561: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 28, p. 273-294.}"
}

@article{nilsen1978turbidites116,
    author = "Nilsen, T. H",
    title = "Turbidites of the Northern Appennines",
    year = "1978",
    journal = "Introduction to facies analysis: International Geology Review, v. 20, p. 125-166",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Nilsen, T. H., 1978, Turbidites of the Northern Appennines: Introduction to facies analysis: International Geology Review, v. 20, p. 125-166.}"
}

@techreport{normark1978fan119,
    author = "Normark, W. R",
    title = "Fan valleys, channels, and depositional lobes on modern submarine fans",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "characters for recognition of sandy turbidite environments: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 62, p. 912-931",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Normark, W. R., 1978, Fan valleys, channels, and depositional lobes on modern submarine fans: characters for recognition of sandy turbidite environments: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 62, p. 912-931.}"
}

@misc{snyder1978manganese155,
    author = "Snyder, W. S",
    title = "Manganese deposited by submarine hot springs in chert- greenstone complexes, western United States",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "Geology, v. 6, p. 741-744",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Snyder, W. S., 1978, Manganese deposited by submarine hot springs in chert- greenstone complexes, western United States: Geology, v. 6, p. 741-744.}"
}

@misc{stanley1978sedimentation158,
    author = "Stanley, D. J. and Kelling, G",
    title = "Sedimentation in Submarine Canyons, Fans, and Trenches",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Inc., 395 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Stanley, D. J., and Kelling, G., 1978, Sedimentation in Submarine Canyons, Fans, and Trenches: Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Inc., 395 p.}"
}

@misc{thurston1978chert165,
    author = "Thurston, D. R",
    title = "Chert and Flint, in Fairbridge, R. W., and Bourgeois, J., eds., The Encyclopedia of Sedimentology",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "Stroudsburg, Pa., Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, p. 119-124",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Thurston, D. R., 1978, Chert and Flint, in Fairbridge, R. W., and Bourgeois, J., eds., The Encyclopedia of Sedimentology: Stroudsburg, Pa., Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, p. 119-124.}"
}

@misc{uyeda1978the167,
    author = "Uyeda, S",
    title = "The New View of the Earth",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "San Francisco, W.H. Freeman and Co., 217 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Uyeda, S., 1978, The New View of the Earth: San Francisco, W.H. Freeman and Co., 217 p.}"
}

@misc{vysotskiy1978prospects176,
    author = "Vysotskiy, I. V. and Larchenkov, Y. P. and Sokolov, B. A",
    title = "Prospects of oil and gas in the southeastern part of Leno-Vilyuyskogo basin",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 5, p. 31-35",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Vysotskiy, I. V., Larchenkov, Y. P., and Sokolov, B. A., 1978, Prospects of oil and gas in the southeastern part of Leno-Vilyuyskogo basin: Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 5, p. 31-35.}"
}

@techreport{walker1978deepwater187,
    author = "Walker, R. G",
    title = "Deep-water sandstone facies and ancient submarine fans",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "models for exploration for stratigraphic traps: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 62, p. 932-966",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Walker, R. G., 1978, Deep-water sandstone facies and ancient submarine fans: models for exploration for stratigraphic traps: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 62, p. 932-966.}"
}

@misc{woodbury1978gulf197,
    author = "Woodbury, H. O. and Spotts, J. H. and Akers, W. H",
    title = "Gulf of Mexico continental-slope sediments and sedimentation, in, 7 of AAPG Studies in Geology",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "p. 117-137",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Woodbury, H. O., Spotts, J. H., and Akers, W. H., 1978, Gulf of Mexico continental-slope sediments and sedimentation, in, 7 of AAPG Studies in Geology: p. 117-137.}"
}

@techreport{buffler1979miocene25,
    author = "Buffler, R. T. and McMillen, K. J",
    title = "Miocene submarine fans in deep western Gulf of Mexico as interpreted from seismic reflection profiles",
    year = "1979",
    howpublished = "American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 63, p. 426",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Buffler, R. T., and McMillen, K. J., 1979, Miocene submarine fans in deep western Gulf of Mexico as interpreted from seismic reflection profiles: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 63, p. 426.}"
}

@article{christina1979the30,
    author = "Christina, C. C. and Martin, K. G",
    title = "The Lower Tuscaloosa trend of south- central Louisiana",
    year = "1979",
    journal = {You ain't seen nothing till you've seen the Tuscaloosa": Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 29, p. 37-41},
    note = {talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Christina, C. C., and Martin, K. G., 1979, The Lower Tuscaloosa trend of south- central Louisiana: "You ain't seen nothing till you've seen the Tuscaloosa": Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 29, p. 37-41.}}
}

@article{doi1013062f9182e316ce11d78645000102c1865d,
    author = "Aalto, K. R.",
    title = "Deep-Water Sandstone Facies and Ancient Submarine Fans: Models for Exploration for Stratigraphic Traps: Discussion",
    year = "1979",
    journal = "AAPG Bulletin",
    abstract = "Five main facies of deep-water clastic rocks can be defined: classic turbidites, massive sandstones, pebbly sandstones, conglomerates, and debris flows (with slumps and slides). The classic turbidites consist of monotonously parallel-interbedded sandstones and shales without channeling; internal sedimentary structures include grading, parallel lamination, and cross-lamination. Massive sandstones are thicker, coarser, and commonly channelized. They lack the sedimentary structures of classic turbidites, but do contain evidence of dewatering during deposition. Pebbly sandstones tend to be well graded, and can contain parallel stratification and large-scale cross-stratification. Conglomerates are characterized by inverse and normal grading, parallel and cross-stratification, nd commonly have a preferred clast fabric (imbrication). Both the pebbly sandstones and conglomerates commonly are channelized. The facies can be fitted into a model of submarine-fan deposition. Modern fans are subdivided into an upper fan (suprafan), characterized by (1) a single deep channel with levees, (2) a middle fan, built up from suprafan lobes that periodically switch in position, and (3) a topographically smooth lower fan. The suprafan lobes have shallow, braided channels on their inner parts, but the outer suprafan lobes are smooth, and grade basinward into the smooth lower fan and basin plain. The smooth suprafan lobes and lower fan are characterized by deposition of the classic turbidite facies, and the braided part of the suprafan lobes by massive and pebbly sandstones. When one lobe is abandoned and another starts to prograde elsewhere, the first lobe is blanketed by mud, forming a potential stratigraphic trap. The upper-fan channel is an area of coarse sediment deposition, or conglomerates where gravel and boulders are supplied to the basin. During fan progradation, thickening- and coarsening-upward facies sequences can be formed in a manner analogous to those of deltas. Fan channels also can be abandoned progressively, forming thinning- and fining-upward sequences similar to those of fluvial or distributary channels. These sequences can be identified on electric logs. Where basin shales act as hydrocarbon-source areas, the classic turbidites can act as conduits, leading the hydrocarbons to the thicker, laterally coalesced massive and pebbly sandstones of the braided suprafan lobes. These bodies can be of the order of 25 km in diameter, and up to 100 m thick. The coarse deposits of the upper-fan channel also might form good reservoirs, being bounded by shales (levee deposits) on either side, and possibly by shales above if the fan-channel system is abandoned. Such channels can be tens of kilometers long, several kilometers wide, and a few hundred meters deep. Reservoirs may be present in all of these environments.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1306/2f9182e3-16ce-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    doi = "10.1306/2f9182e3-16ce-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    openalex = "W2056452793",
    references = "doi1010160016714277900096, doi101086625710, doi101111j136530911975tb00290x, doi101111j136530911976tb00051x, doi101111j136530911977tb00122x, doi101130001676061969801859dfpap20co2, doi10113000167606197586737gfmfrc20co2, doi1013065d25c0f916c111d78645000102c1865d, doi1013065d25c2d316c111d78645000102c1865d, doi1013065d25c61516c111d78645000102c1865d, doi1013065d25cc7916c111d78645000102c1865d, doi10130674d7262b2b2111d78648000102c1865d, doi102110scn7502, openalexw3120543430, paine1968stratigraphy"
}

@article{foss1979depositional50,
    author = "Foss, D. C",
    title = "Depositional environment of Woodbine sandstones, Polk County, Texas",
    year = "1979",
    journal = "Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 29, p. 83-94",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Foss, D. C., 1979, Depositional environment of Woodbine sandstones, Polk County, Texas: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 29, p. 83-94.}"
}

@misc{fuks1979genesis53,
    author = "Fuks, A. B. and Fuks, B. A",
    title = "Genesis of the oil belt of the Nepsko- Butoubiskoy anticline deposits",
    year = "1979",
    howpublished = "Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 2, p. 13-18",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fuks, A. B., and Fuks, B. A., 1979, Genesis of the oil belt of the Nepsko- Butoubiskoy anticline deposits: Geology of Oil and Gas, v. 2, p. 13-18.}"
}

@techreport{heritier1979frigg66,
    author = "Heritier, F. E. and Lossel, P. and Wathne, E",
    title = "Frigg Field - large submarine fan trap in lower Eocene rocks of the North Sea",
    year = "1979",
    howpublished = "American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 63, p. 1999-2020",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Heritier, F. E., Lossel, P., and Wathne, E., 1979, Frigg Field - large submarine fan trap in lower Eocene rocks of the North Sea: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 63, p. 1999-2020.}"
}

@misc{laporte1979ancient92,
    author = "Laporte, L. F",
    title = "Ancient Environments [2nd ed.]",
    year = "1979",
    howpublished = "Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Laporte, L. F., 1979, Ancient Environments [2nd ed.]: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall.}"
}

@misc{moore1979investigation106,
    author = "Moore, G. T. and Woodbury, H. O. and Worzel, J. L. and Watkins, J. S. and Starke, G. W",
    title = "Investigation of the Mississippi Fan, Gulf of Mexico, in Geological and Geophysical Investigations of Continental Margins, 29 of AAPG Memoirs",
    year = "1979",
    howpublished = "p. 383-402",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Moore, G. T., Woodbury, H. O., Worzel, J. L., Watkins, J. S., and Starke, G. W., 1979, Investigation of the Mississippi Fan, Gulf of Mexico, in Geological and Geophysical Investigations of Continental Margins, 29 of AAPG Memoirs: p. 383-402.}"
}

@book{mutti1979turbidites109,
    author = "Mutti, E",
    title = "Turbidites et cones sous-marins profonds, in Sedimemtation detritique (fluviatile, littorale et marine), 1979 of Institut de Geologie de l'University de Fribourg, Short Course",
    year = "1979",
    publisher = "Fribourg, Institut de Geologie de l'University de Fribourg, p. 353-419",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Mutti, E., 1979, Turbidites et cones sous-marins profonds, in Sedimemtation detritique (fluviatile, littorale et marine), 1979 of Institut de Geologie de l'University de Fribourg, Short Course: Fribourg, Institut de Geologie de l'University de Fribourg, p. 353-419.}"
}

@article{nardin1979a113,
    author = "Nardin, T. R. and Hein, F. J. and Gorsline, D. S. and Edwards, B. D",
    title = "A review of mass movement processes, sediment and acoustic characteristics, and contrasts in slope and base-of-slope systems versus canyon-fan-basin floor systems, in Geology of Continental Slopes",
    year = "1979",
    journal = "SEPM Special Publication 27, p. 61-73",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Nardin, T. R., Hein, F. J., Gorsline, D. S., and Edwards, B. D., 1979, A review of mass movement processes, sediment and acoustic characteristics, and contrasts in slope and base-of-slope systems versus canyon-fan-basin floor systems, in Geology of Continental Slopes: SEPM Special Publication 27, p. 61-73.}"
}

@book{seyfert1979earth143,
    author = "Seyfert, C. K. and Sirkin, L. A",
    title = "Earth History and Plate Tectonics [2nd ed.]",
    year = "1979",
    publisher = "New York, Harper \& Row Publishers, 600 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Seyfert, C. K., and Sirkin, L. A., 1979, Earth History and Plate Tectonics [2nd ed.]: New York, Harper \& Row Publishers, 600 p.}"
}

@book{ayrton1980high4,
    author = "Ayrton, S",
    title = "High fluid pressure, isothermal surfaces, and the initiation of nappe movement",
    year = "1980",
    publisher = "Geology, v. 8, p. 172-174; See also reply, p. 406",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Ayrton, S., 1980, High fluid pressure, isothermal surfaces, and the initiation of nappe movement: Geology, v. 8, p. 172-174; See also reply, p. 406.}"
}

@misc{fritz1980reinterpretation51,
    author = "Fritz, W. J",
    title = {Reinterpretation of the depositional environment of the Yellowstone "fossil forests},
    year = "1980",
    howpublished = "Geology, v. 8, p. 309-313",
    note = {talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fritz, W. J., 1980, Reinterpretation of the depositional environment of the Yellowstone "fossil forests": Geology, v. 8, p. 309-313.}}
}

@misc{fritz1980stumps52,
    author = "Fritz, W. J",
    title = "Stumps transported and deposited upright by Mount St. Helens mud flows",
    year = "1980",
    howpublished = "Geology, v. 8, p. 586-588",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fritz, W. J., 1980, Stumps transported and deposited upright by Mount St. Helens mud flows: Geology, v. 8, p. 586-588.}"
}

@misc{hoblitt1980mount70,
    author = "Hoblitt, R. P. and Crandell, D. R. and Millineaux, D. R",
    title = "Mount St. Helens eruptive behavior during the parst 1,500 years",
    year = "1980",
    howpublished = "Geology, v. 8, p. 555-559",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hoblitt, R. P., Crandell, D. R., and Millineaux, D. R., 1980, Mount St. Helens eruptive behavior during the parst 1,500 years: Geology, v. 8, p. 555-559.}"
}

@article{link1980the95,
    author = "Link, M. H. and Nilsen, T. H",
    title = "The Rocks Sandstone, an Eocene sand-rich deep-sea fan deposit, northern Santa Lucia range, California",
    year = "1980",
    journal = "Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 50, p. 583-601",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Link, M. H., and Nilsen, T. H., 1980, The Rocks Sandstone, an Eocene sand-rich deep-sea fan deposit, northern Santa Lucia range, California: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 50, p. 583-601.}"
}

@techreport{nilsen1980modern117,
    author = "Nilsen, T. H",
    title = "Modern and ancient submarine fans",
    year = "1980",
    howpublished = "Discussions of papers by R.G. Walker aand W.R. Normark: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 64, p. 1094-1101",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Nilsen, T. H., 1980, Modern and ancient submarine fans: Discussions of papers by R.G. Walker aand W.R. Normark: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 64, p. 1094-1101.}"
}

@techreport{normark1980modern120,
    author = "Normark, W. R",
    title = "Modern and ancient submarine fans",
    year = "1980",
    howpublished = "reply: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 64, p. 1108-1112",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Normark, W. R., 1980, Modern and ancient submarine fans: reply: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 64, p. 1108-1112.}"
}

@misc{plotnick1980relationship130,
    author = "Plotnick, R. E",
    title = "Relationship between biological extinctions and geomagnetic reversals",
    year = "1980",
    howpublished = "Geology, v. 8, p. 578-581",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Plotnick, R. E., 1980, Relationship between biological extinctions and geomagnetic reversals: Geology, v. 8, p. 578-581.}"
}

@misc{spera1980thermal157,
    author = "Spera, F",
    title = "Thermal evolution of plutons",
    year = "1980",
    howpublished = "a parameterized approach: Science, v. 207, p. 299-301",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Spera, F., 1980, Thermal evolution of plutons: a parameterized approach: Science, v. 207, p. 299-301.}"
}

@misc{weber1980common189,
    author = "Weber, C. G",
    title = "Common Creationist Attacks on Geology",
    year = "1980",
    howpublished = "Creation/Evolution, v. 2, p. 10-25",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Weber, C. G., 1980, Common Creationist Attacks on Geology: Creation/Evolution, v. 2, p. 10-25.}"
}

@book{willemin1980comment196,
    author = "Willemin, J. H. and Guth, P. L. and Hodges, K. V",
    title = {Comment and reply on "High fluid pressure, isothermal surfaces, and the initiation of nappe movement},
    year = "1980",
    publisher = "Geology, v. 8, p. 405-406",
    note = {talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Willemin, J. H., Guth, P. L., and Hodges, K. V., 1980, Comment and reply on "High fluid pressure, isothermal surfaces, and the initiation of nappe movement": Geology, v. 8, p. 405-406.}}
}

@book{ager1981the1,
    author = "Ager, D. V",
    title = "The Nature of the Stratigraphic Record [2nd ed.]",
    year = "1981",
    publisher = "London, Macmillan Press, 122 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Ager, D. V., 1981, The Nature of the Stratigraphic Record [2nd ed.]: London, Macmillan Press, 122 p.}"
}

@misc{hallam1981facies61,
    author = "Hallam, A",
    title = "Facies Interpretation and the Stratigraphic Record",
    year = "1981",
    howpublished = "Oxford, Freeman",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hallam, A., 1981, Facies Interpretation and the Stratigraphic Record: Oxford, Freeman.}"
}

@article{hiscott1981deep69,
    author = "Hiscott, R. N",
    title = "Deep sea fan deposits in the Macigno Formation (Middle- Upper Oilgocene) of the Gordana Valley, Northern Appennines, Italy",
    year = "1981",
    journal = "Discussion: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 51, p. 1015-1021",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hiscott, R. N., 1981, Deep sea fan deposits in the Macigno Formation (Middle- Upper Oilgocene) of the Gordana Valley, Northern Appennines, Italy: Discussion: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 51, p. 1015-1021.}"
}

@misc{kelts1981turbidites80,
    author = "Kelts, K. and Arthur, M. A",
    title = "Turbidites after ten years of deep-sea drilling - wringing out the mop?, in Warme, J. E., Douglas, R. G., and Winterer, E. L., eds., The Deep Sea Drilling Project",
    year = "1981",
    howpublished = "A decade of progress, 32 of SEPM Special Publication: SEPM, p. 91-127",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kelts, K., and Arthur, M. A., 1981, Turbidites after ten years of deep-sea drilling - wringing out the mop?, in Warme, J. E., Douglas, R. G., and Winterer, E. L., eds., The Deep Sea Drilling Project: A decade of progress, 32 of SEPM Special Publication: SEPM, p. 91-127.}"
}

@book{ozima1981the123,
    author = "Ozima, M",
    title = "The Earth",
    year = "1981",
    publisher = "Its Birth and Growth: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Translated by Judy Wakahayashi",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Ozima, M., 1981, The Earth: Its Birth and Growth: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Translated by Judy Wakahayashi.}"
}

@misc{retallack1981comment134,
    author = "Retallack, G. and Fritz, W. J",
    title = {Comment and reply on "Reinterpretation of the depositional environment of the Yellowstone fossil forests},
    year = "1981",
    howpublished = "Geology, v. 9, p. 52-54",
    note = {talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Retallack, G., and Fritz, W. J., 1981, Comment and reply on "Reinterpretation of the depositional environment of the Yellowstone fossil forests": Geology, v. 9, p. 52-54.}}
}

@book{smith1981the152,
    author = "Smith, D. M",
    title = "The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences",
    year = "1981",
    publisher = "New York, Crown Publishers/Cambridge University Press",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Smith, D. M., 1981, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences: New York, Crown Publishers/Cambridge University Press.}"
}

@misc{strahler1981physical161,
    author = "Strahler, A. N",
    title = "Physical Geology",
    year = "1981",
    howpublished = "New York, Harper \& Row, 612 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Strahler, A. N., 1981, Physical Geology: New York, Harper \& Row, 612 p.}"
}

@misc{cazeau1982geology29,
    author = "Cazeau, C",
    title = "Geology and the Bible",
    year = "1982",
    howpublished = "Free Inquiry, v. 2, no. 3, p. 32-34",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Cazeau, C., 1982, Geology and the Bible: Free Inquiry, v. 2, no. 3, p. 32-34.}"
}

@misc{dorn1982rock36,
    author = "Dorn, R. I. and Oberlander, T. M",
    title = "Rock varnish",
    year = "1982",
    howpublished = "Progress in Physical Geography, v. 6, no. 3, p. 317-366",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Dorn, R. I., and Oberlander, T. M., 1982, Rock varnish: Progress in Physical Geography, v. 6, no. 3, p. 317-366.}"
}

@misc{harms1982structures63,
    author = "Harms, J. C. and Southard, J. B. and Walker, R. G",
    title = "Structures and sequences in clastic rocks",
    year = "1982",
    howpublished = "Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Short Course \#9. Variously paginated",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Harms, J. C., Southard, J. B., and Walker, R. G., 1982, Structures and sequences in clastic rocks. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Short Course \#9. Variously paginated.}"
}

@misc{howell1982sedimentology73,
    author = "Howell, D. G. and Normark, W. R",
    title = "Sedimentology of submarine fans, in Scholle, P. A., and Spearing, D. R., eds., Sandstone depositional environments, 31 of AAPG Memoirs",
    year = "1982",
    howpublished = "Tulsa, OK, AAPG, p. 365-404",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Howell, D. G., and Normark, W. R., 1982, Sedimentology of submarine fans, in Scholle, P. A., and Spearing, D. R., eds., Sandstone depositional environments, 31 of AAPG Memoirs: Tulsa, OK, AAPG, p. 365-404.}"
}

@techreport{link1982sedimentology96,
    author = "Link, M. H. and Welton, J. E",
    title = "Sedimentology and reservoir potential of Matilija Sandstone",
    year = "1982",
    howpublished = "an Eocene sand-rich deep-sea fan and shallow marine complex, southern California: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 66, p. 1514-1534",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Link, M. H., and Welton, J. E., 1982, Sedimentology and reservoir potential of Matilija Sandstone: an Eocene sand-rich deep-sea fan and shallow marine complex, southern California: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 66, p. 1514-1534.}"
}

@techreport{moore1982geology107,
    author = "Moore, J. C. et al",
    title = "Geology and tectonic evolution of a juvenile accretionary terrane along a truncated convergent margin",
    year = "1982",
    howpublished = "Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 93, p. 847-861",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Moore, J. C. et al., 1982, Geology and tectonic evolution of a juvenile accretionary terrane along a truncated convergent margin: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 93, p. 847-861.}"
}

@misc{shea1982twelve145,
    author = "Shea, J. H",
    title = "Twelve fallacies of uniformitarianism",
    year = "1982",
    howpublished = "Geology, v. 10, p. 455-460",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Shea, J. H., 1982, Twelve fallacies of uniformitarianism: Geology, v. 10, p. 455-460.}"
}

@misc{silver1982geological149,
    author = "Silver, L. T. and Schultz, P. H",
    title = "Geological implications of impacts of large asteroids and comets on the earth",
    year = "1982",
    howpublished = "Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, 528 p.; Geological Society of America Special Paper, No. 190",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Silver, L. T., and Schultz, P. H., 1982, Geological implications of impacts of large asteroids and comets on the earth: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, 528 p.; Geological Society of America Special Paper, No. 190.}"
}

@misc{stokes1982essentials159,
    author = "Stokes, W. L",
    title = "Essentials of Earth History",
    year = "1982",
    howpublished = "An Introduction to Historical Geology [4th ed.]: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Stokes, W. L., 1982, Essentials of Earth History: An Introduction to Historical Geology [4th ed.]: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall.}"
}

@misc{tillman1982deep166,
    author = "Tillman, R. W. and Ali, S. A",
    title = "Deep water canyons, fans and facies",
    year = "1982",
    howpublished = "models for stratigraphic trap exploration, 26 of AAPG Reprint Series: Tulsa, OK, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 596 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Tillman, R. W., and Ali, S. A., 1982, Deep water canyons, fans and facies: models for stratigraphic trap exploration, 26 of AAPG Reprint Series: Tulsa, OK, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 596 p.}"
}

@misc{bunge1983exploring26,
    author = "Bunge, M",
    title = "Exploring the World",
    year = "1983",
    howpublished = "Dordrecht and Boston, D. Reidel, 404 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bunge, M., 1983, Exploring the World: Dordrecht and Boston, D. Reidel, 404 p.}"
}

@misc{bunge1983understanding27,
    author = "Bunge, M",
    title = "Understanding the World",
    year = "1983",
    howpublished = "Dordrecht and Boston, D. Reidel, 296 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bunge, M., 1983, Understanding the World: Dordrecht and Boston, D. Reidel, 296 p.}"
}

@article{doi101111j136530911983tb00702x,
    author = "Piper, David J. W. and Normark, William R.",
    title = "Turbidite depositional patterns and flow characteristics, Navy Submarine Fan, California Borderland",
    year = "1983",
    journal = "Sedimentology",
    abstract = "ABSTRACT The late Pleistocene and Holocene stratigraphy of Navy Fan is mapped in detail from more than 100 cores. Thirteen 14 C dates of plant detritus and of organic‐rich mud beds show that a marked change in sediment supply from sandy to muddy turbidites occurred between 9000 and 12,000 years ago. They also confirm the correlation of several individual depositional units. The sediment dispersal pattern is primarily controlled by basin configuration and fan morphology, particularly the geometry of distributary channels, which show abrupt 60° bends related to the Pleistocene history of lobe progradation. The Holocene turbidity currents are depositing on, and modifying only slightly, a relict Pleistocene morphology. The uppermost turbidite is a thin sand to mud bed on the upper‐fan valley levées and on parts of the mid‐fan. Most of its sediment volume is in a mud bed on the lower fan and basin plain downslope from a sharp bend in the mid‐fan distributary system. Little sediment occurs farther downstream within this distributary system. It appears that most of the turbidity current overtopped the levée at the channel bend, a process referred to as flow stripping. The muddy upper part of the flow continued straight down to the basin plain. The residual more sandy base of the flow in the distributary channel was not thick enough to maintain itself as gradient decreased and the channel opened out on to the mid‐fan lobe. Flow stripping may occur in any turbidity current that is thick relative to channel depth and that flows in a channel with sharp bends. Where thick sandy currents are stripped, levée and mid‐fan erosion may occur, but the residual current in the channel will lose much of its power and deposit rapidly. In thick muddy currents, progressive overflow of mud will cause less declaration of the residual channelised current. Thus both size and sand‐to‐mud ratio of turbidity currents feeding a fan are important factors controlling morphologic features and depositional areas on fans. The size‐frequency variation for different types of turbidity currents is estimated from the literature and related to the evolution of fan morphology.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1983.tb00702.x",
    doi = "10.1111/j.1365-3091.1983.tb00702.x",
    openalex = "W2103765846",
    references = "doi101016001174717090001x, doi1010160019103580900974, doi1010160025322776900633, doi101086627725, doi101111j136530911979tb00971x, doi10113000167606197485859lcotpe20co2, doi101130001676061976871291cotthb20co2, doi101130001676061979901165bsthap20co2, doi101306212f79b42b2411d78648000102c1865d, openalexw3120543430"
}

@book{faul1983it44,
    author = "Faul, H. and Faul, C",
    title = "It Began with a Stone",
    year = "1983",
    publisher = "A History of Geology from the Stone Age to the Age of Plate Tectonics: New York, John Wiley \& Sons, 270 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Faul, H., and Faul, C., 1983, It Began with a Stone: A History of Geology from the Stone Age to the Age of Plate Tectonics: New York, John Wiley \& Sons, 270 p.}"
}

@book{glenister1983interpreting57,
    author = "Glenister, B. F. and Witzke, B. J",
    title = "Interpreting Earth History, in Wilson, D. B., ed., Did the Devil Make Darwin Do It? Modern Perspectives on the Creation-Evolution Controversy",
    year = "1983",
    publisher = "Ames, Iowa, Iowa State University Press, p. 55-84",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Glenister, B. F., and Witzke, B. J., 1983, Interpreting Earth History, in Wilson, D. B., ed., Did the Devil Make Darwin Do It? Modern Perspectives on the Creation-Evolution Controversy: Ames, Iowa, Iowa State University Press, p. 55-84.}"
}

@misc{jackson1983geometry77,
    author = "Jackson, M. P. A. and Seni, S. J",
    title = "Geometry and evolution of salt structures in a marginal rift basin of the Gulf of Mexico, east Texas",
    year = "1983",
    howpublished = "Geology, v. 11, p. 131-135",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Jackson, M. P. A., and Seni, S. J., 1983, Geometry and evolution of salt structures in a marginal rift basin of the Gulf of Mexico, east Texas: Geology, v. 11, p. 131-135.}"
}

@misc{lively1983late97,
    author = "Lively, R. S",
    title = "Late Quaternary U-series speleothem record from southeastern Minnesota",
    year = "1983",
    howpublished = "Geology, v. 11, p. 259-262",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Lively, R. S., 1983, Late Quaternary U-series speleothem record from southeastern Minnesota: Geology, v. 11, p. 259-262.}"
}

@misc{raup1983the133,
    author = "Raup, D. M",
    title = "The Geological and Paleontological Arguments of Creationism, in Godfrey, L. R., ed., Scientists Confront Creationism",
    year = "1983",
    howpublished = "New York, Norton, p. 147-162",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Raup, D. M., 1983, The Geological and Paleontological Arguments of Creationism, in Godfrey, L. R., ed., Scientists Confront Creationism: New York, Norton, p. 147-162.}"
}

@article{shea1983creationism146,
    author = "Shea, J. H",
    title = "Creationism, uniformitarianism, geology and science",
    year = "1983",
    journal = "Journal of Geological Education, v. 31, p. 105-110",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Shea, J. H., 1983, Creationism, uniformitarianism, geology and science: Journal of Geological Education, v. 31, p. 105-110.}"
}

@misc{snelling1983creationist154,
    author = "Snelling, A",
    title = "Creationist geology",
    year = "1983",
    howpublished = "the Precambrian: Ex Nihilo, v. 6, no. 2, p. 42-46; International Edition, Vol. 2, No. 2",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Snelling, A., 1983, Creationist geology: the Precambrian: Ex Nihilo, v. 6, no. 2, p. 42-46; International Edition, Vol. 2, No. 2.}"
}

@misc{spencer1983physical156,
    author = "Spencer, E. W",
    title = "Physical Geology",
    year = "1983",
    howpublished = "Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Spencer, E. W., 1983, Physical Geology: Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley.}"
}

@misc{austin1984catastrophes3,
    author = "Austin, S. A",
    title = "Catastrophes in Earth History",
    year = "1984",
    howpublished = "A Source Book of Geological Evidence, Speculation and Theory: El Cajon, California, Institute for Creation Research, 318 p.; ICR Technical Monograph 13",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Austin, S. A., 1984, Catastrophes in Earth History: A Source Book of Geological Evidence, Speculation and Theory: El Cajon, California, Institute for Creation Research, 318 p.; ICR Technical Monograph 13.}"
}

@incollection{godfrey1984scientific58,
    author = "Godfrey, L. R",
    editor = "Montagu, A.",
    title = "Scientific Creationism: The Art of Distortion",
    year = "1984",
    booktitle = "Science and Creationism",
    publisher = "New York, Oxford University Press, p. 167-181",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Godfrey, L. R., 1984, Scientific Creationism: The Art of Distortion, in Montagu, A., ed., Science and Creationism: New York, Oxford University Press, p. 167-181.}"
}

@book{gretener1984reflections59,
    author = "Gretener, P. E",
    title = "Reflections on the 'Rare Event' and Related Concepts in Geology, in Beggren, W. A., and Van Couvering, J. A., eds., Catastrophes and Earth History",
    year = "1984",
    publisher = "The New Uniformitarianism: Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, p. 77-89",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Gretener, P. E., 1984, Reflections on the 'Rare Event' and Related Concepts in Geology, in Beggren, W. A., and Van Couvering, J. A., eds., Catastrophes and Earth History: The New Uniformitarianism: Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, p. 77-89.}"
}

@misc{menard1984evolution102,
    author = "Menard, W. H",
    title = "Evolution of ridges by asymmetrical spreading",
    year = "1984",
    howpublished = "Geology, v. 12, p. 177-180",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Menard, W. H., 1984, Evolution of ridges by asymmetrical spreading: Geology, v. 12, p. 177-180.}"
}

@misc{saller1984petrologic137,
    author = "Saller, A",
    title = "Petrologic and geochemical constraints on the origin of subsurface dolomite, Enewetak Atoll",
    year = "1984",
    howpublished = "Geology, v. 12, p. 217-220",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Saller, A., 1984, Petrologic and geochemical constraints on the origin of subsurface dolomite, Enewetak Atoll: Geology, v. 12, p. 217-220.}"
}

@misc{viohl1984geology173,
    author = "Viohl, G",
    title = "Geology of the Solnhofen Lithographic Limestones and the Habitat of Archeopteryx, in Hecht, M. K., Ostrom, J. H., Viohl, G., and Wellnhofer, P., eds., The Beginnings of Birds",
    year = "1984",
    howpublished = "Eichstatt, Fruende des Jura-Museums, p. 31-44",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Viohl, G., 1984, Geology of the Solnhofen Lithographic Limestones and the Habitat of Archeopteryx, in Hecht, M. K., Ostrom, J. H., Viohl, G., and Wellnhofer, P., eds., The Beginnings of Birds: Eichstatt, Fruende des Jura-Museums, p. 31-44.}"
}

@misc{weisburd1984mapping190,
    author = "Weisburd, S",
    title = "Mapping the Earth's Magnetic Reversals",
    year = "1984",
    howpublished = "Science News, v. 126, p. 341",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Weisburd, S., 1984, Mapping the Earth's Magnetic Reversals: Science News, v. 126, p. 341.}"
}

@misc{yuretich1984yellowstone199,
    author = "Yuretich, R. T",
    title = "Yellowstone fossil forests",
    year = "1984",
    howpublished = "new evidence for burial in place: Geology, v. 12, p. 159-162",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Yuretich, R. T., 1984, Yellowstone fossil forests: new evidence for burial in place: Geology, v. 12, p. 159-162.}"
}

@misc{smith1985source153,
    author = "Smith, G. M",
    title = "Source of marine magnetic anomalies; some results from DSDP Leg 83",
    year = "1985",
    howpublished = "Geology, v. 13, p. 162-165",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Smith, G. M., 1985, Source of marine magnetic anomalies; some results from DSDP Leg 83: Geology, v. 13, p. 162-165.}"
}

@book{vanandel1985new169,
    author = "Van Andel, T. H",
    title = "New Views on an Old Planet",
    year = "1985",
    publisher = "Continental Drift and the History of the Earth: Cambridge, Mass., Cambridge University Press",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Van Andel, T. H., 1985, New Views on an Old Planet: Continental Drift and the History of the Earth: Cambridge, Mass., Cambridge University Press.}"
}

@misc{weisburd1985modeling192,
    author = "Weisburd, S",
    title = "Modeling Magnetism",
    year = "1985",
    howpublished = "The Earth as a Dynamo: Science News, v. 128, p. 220",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Weisburd, S., 1985, Modeling Magnetism: The Earth as a Dynamo: Science News, v. 128, p. 220.}"
}

@misc{weisburd1985seeing193,
    author = "Weisburd, S",
    title = "Seeing' Continents Drift",
    year = "1985",
    howpublished = "Science News, v. 128, p. 388",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Weisburd, S., 1985, 'Seeing' Continents Drift: Science News, v. 128, p. 388.}"
}

@misc{weisburd1985the191,
    author = "Weisburd, S",
    title = "The Earth's Magnetic Hiccup",
    year = "1985",
    howpublished = "Science News, v. 128, p. 218-220",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Weisburd, S., 1985, The Earth's Magnetic Hiccup: Science News, v. 128, p. 218-220.}"
}

@book{bouma1986submarine23,
    author = "Bouma, A. and Normark, W. R. and Barnes, N. E",
    title = "Submarine fans and related turbidite systems",
    year = "1986",
    publisher = "New York, Springer Verlag, 351 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bouma, A., Normark, W. R., and Barnes, N. E., 1986, Submarine fans and related turbidite systems: New York, Springer Verlag, 351 p.}"
}

@misc{hanson1986science62,
    author = "Hanson, R. W",
    title = "Science and Creation",
    year = "1986",
    howpublished = "Geological, Theological and Educational Perspectives: New York, Macmillan",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hanson, R. W., 1986, Science and Creation: Geological, Theological and Educational Perspectives: New York, Macmillan.}"
}

@misc{kerr1986plate82,
    author = "Kerr, R. A",
    title = "Plate tectonics is the key to the distant past",
    year = "1986",
    howpublished = "Science, v. 234, p. 670-672",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kerr, R. A., 1986, Plate tectonics is the key to the distant past: Science, v. 234, p. 670-672.}"
}

@misc{meyer1986dday103,
    author = "Meyer, L. L",
    title = "D-day on the painted desert",
    year = "1986",
    howpublished = "Arizona Highways, v. 62, p. 2- 13",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Meyer, L. L., 1986, D-day on the painted desert: Arizona Highways, v. 62, p. 2- 13.}"
}

@misc{moyer1986science108,
    author = "Moyer, W. A",
    title = "Science versus Revealed Truth",
    year = "1986",
    howpublished = "Meeting the Challenge of Creationism in the Classroom, in Hanson, R. W., ed., Science and Creation: Geological, Theological and Educational Perspectives: New York, Macmillan, p. 46-54",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Moyer, W. A., 1986, Science versus Revealed Truth: Meeting the Challenge of Creationism in the Classroom, in Hanson, R. W., ed., Science and Creation: Geological, Theological and Educational Perspectives: New York, Macmillan, p. 46-54.}"
}

@book{olsen1986is121,
    author = "Olsen, P. E",
    title = "Is the Past the Key to the Future?, in Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Yearbook 1984-1986",
    year = "1986",
    publisher = "Columbia University Press, p. 5- 10",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Olsen, P. E., 1986, Is the Past the Key to the Future?, in Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Yearbook 1984-1986: Columbia University Press, p. 5- 10.}"
}

@misc{skehan1986the151,
    author = "Skehan, J. W",
    title = "The Age of the Earth, of Life, and of Mankind",
    year = "1986",
    howpublished = "Geology and Biblical Theology versus Creationism, in Hanson, R. W., ed., Science and Creationism: Geological, Theological, and Educational Perspectives: New York, Macmillan, p. 10-32",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Skehan, J. W., 1986, The Age of the Earth, of Life, and of Mankind: Geology and Biblical Theology versus Creationism, in Hanson, R. W., ed., Science and Creationism: Geological, Theological, and Educational Perspectives: New York, Macmillan, p. 10-32.}"
}

@misc{bates1987glossary7,
    author = "Bates, R. L. and Jackson, J. A",
    title = "Glossary of Geology [3rd ed.]",
    year = "1987",
    howpublished = "Falls Church, Va., American Geological Institute, 754 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bates, R. L., and Jackson, J. A., 1987, Glossary of Geology [3rd ed.]: Falls Church, Va., American Geological Institute, 754 p.}"
}

@book{fisher1987the46,
    author = "Fisher, D. E",
    title = "The Birth of the Earth",
    year = "1987",
    publisher = "A Wanderlied Through Space, Time and the Human Imagination: New York, Columbia University Press",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fisher, D. E., 1987, The Birth of the Earth: A Wanderlied Through Space, Time and the Human Imagination: New York, Columbia University Press.}"
}

@misc{laferriere1987effects91,
    author = "Laferriere, A. P. and Hattin, D. E. and Archer, A. W",
    title = "Effects of climate, tectonics, and sea-level changes on rhymthmic bedding patterns in the Niobrara Formation (Upper Cretaceous), U.S. Western Interior",
    year = "1987",
    howpublished = "Geology, v. 15, p. 233-236",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Laferriere, A. P., Hattin, D. E., and Archer, A. W., 1987, Effects of climate, tectonics, and sea-level changes on rhymthmic bedding patterns in the Niobrara Formation (Upper Cretaceous), U.S. Western Interior: Geology, v. 15, p. 233-236.}"
}

@misc{strahler1987science162,
    author = "Strahler, A. N",
    title = "Science and Earth History",
    year = "1987",
    howpublished = "The Evolution/Creation Controversy: Buffalo, New York, Prometheus Books, 552 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Strahler, A. N., 1987, Science and Earth History: The Evolution/Creation Controversy: Buffalo, New York, Prometheus Books, 552 p.}"
}

@misc{wakefield1987gentrys177,
    author = "Wakefield, J. R",
    title = "Gentry's Tiny Mystery",
    year = "1987",
    howpublished = "Unsupported by Geology: Creation/ Evolution, v. 22, p. 13-33",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Wakefield, J. R., 1987, Gentry's Tiny Mystery: Unsupported by Geology: Creation/ Evolution, v. 22, p. 13-33.}"
}

@misc{wheeler1987more194,
    author = "Wheeler, T. J",
    title = "More on Creationists and Meteoritic Dust",
    year = "1987",
    howpublished = "Creation/ Evolution Newsletter, v. 7, p. 14-15",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Wheeler, T. J., 1987, More on Creationists and Meteoritic Dust: Creation/ Evolution Newsletter, v. 7, p. 14-15.}"
}

@misc{cloud1988oasis31,
    author = "Cloud, P",
    title = "Oasis in Space",
    year = "1988",
    howpublished = "Earth History from the Beginning: New York, Norton Books",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Cloud, P., 1988, Oasis in Space: Earth History from the Beginning: New York, Norton Books.}"
}

@article{bush1989submarine,
    author = "Bush, Susan M.",
    title = "Submarine fans",
    year = "1989",
    journal = "Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union",
    abstract = "Seisimic evidence from a study of 35‐m.y.‐old sediment contradicts the prevailing theory that bottom currents are the main cause of sediment distribution patterns and the shape of the continental rise. In the research area 200 miles offshore from New Jersey to Cape Hatteras, N.C., Stanley D. Locker of the University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, has found that submarine fans and deep‐sea sediment drifts may develop simultaneously as companion systems. He presented his work at the Geological Society of America meeting in St. Louis, Mo., November 6–9.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1029/89eo00360",
    doi = "10.1029/89eo00360",
    number = "47",
    pages = "1504-1504",
    volume = "70"
}

@misc{monastersky1989new104,
    author = "Monastersky, R",
    title = "New Record for World's Oldest Rocks",
    year = "1989",
    howpublished = "Science News, v. 136, p. 228",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Monastersky, R., 1989, New Record for World's Oldest Rocks: Science News, v. 136, p. 228.}"
}

@article{bouma1993correlation,
    author = "BOUMA, ARNOLD H., Louisiana State U",
    title = "Correlation Efficiency as a Tool to Establish Depositional Subenvironments in Submarine Fans",
    year = "1993",
    journal = "AAPG Bulletin",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1306/bdff7ac0-1718-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    doi = "10.1306/bdff7ac0-1718-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    openalex = "W1986726786",
    volume = "77"
}

@article{doi101306a25fe3bf171b11d78645000102c1865d,
    author = "Reading, Harold G. and Richards, Marcus",
    title = "Turbidite Systems in Deep-Water Basin Margins Classified by Grain Size and Feeder System",
    year = "1994",
    journal = "AAPG Bulletin",
    abstract = "ABSTRACT Depositional systems in deep-water basin margins can be classified on the basis of grain size and feeder system into 12 classes: mud-rich, mud/sand-rich, sand-rich, and gravel-rich “point-source submarine fans;” mud-rich, mud/sand-rich, sand-rich, and gravel-rich “multiple-source submarine ramps;” and mud-rich, mud/sand-rich, sand-rich, and gravel-rich “linear-source slope aprons.” The size and stability of channels and the organization of the depositional sequences decreases toward a linear source as does the length:width ratio of the system. As grain size increases, so does slope gradient, impersistence of channel systems, and tendency for channels to migrate. As grain size diminishes, there is an increase in the size of the source area, the size of the depositional system, the downcurrent length, the persistence and size of flows, fan channels, channel-levee systems, and in the tendency to meander and for major slumps and sheet sands to reach the lower fan and basin plain. The exact positioning of any one depositional system within the scheme cannot always be precise, and the position may be altered by changes in tectonics, climate, supply, and sea level. However, the models derived from each system are sufficiently different to significantly affect the nature of petroleum prospectivity and reservoir pattern. Understanding and recognizing this variability is crucial to all elements of the exploration-production chain. In exploration, initial evaluations of prospectivity and commerciality rely on the accurate stratigraphic prediction of reservoir facies, architecture, and trapping styles. For field appraisal and reservoir development, a similar appreciation of variability aids reservoir description by capturing the distribution and architecture of reservoir and nonreservoir facies and their impact on reservoir delineation, reservoir behavior, and production performance.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1306/a25fe3bf-171b-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    doi = "10.1306/a25fe3bf-171b-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    openalex = "W2112508324",
    references = "doi1010160012825288900645, doi101111j136530911983tb00702x, doi101111j136530911993tb01347x, doi10113000167606198394459ftaspi20co2, doi10130603b5b6aa16d111d78645000102c1865d, doi1013060c9b2321171011d78645000102c1865d, doi1013062f9182e316ce11d78645000102c1865d, doi1013065d25cc7916c111d78645000102c1865d, doi101306703c9109170711d78645000102c1865d, doi101306819a41a216c511d78645000102c1865d, doi101306ad4619e916f711d78645000102c1865d, doi101306ad462b3716f711d78645000102c1865d, doi101306bdff8e16171811d78645000102c1865d, normark1978fan, openalexw425049407"
}

@article{doi101306111302730367,
    author = "Posamentier, Henry W. and Kolla, V.",
    title = "Seismic Geomorphology and Stratigraphy of Depositional Elements in Deep-Water Settings",
    year = "2003",
    journal = "Journal of Sedimentary Research",
    abstract = "Analyses of 3-D seismic data in predominantly basin-floor settings offshore Indonesia, Nigeria, and the Gulf of Mexico, reveal the extensive presence of gravity-flow depositional elements. Five key elements were observed: (1) turbidity-flow leveed channels, (2) channel-overbank sediment waves and levees, (3) frontal splays or distributary-channel complexes, (4) crevasse-splay complexes, and (5) debris-flow channels, lobes, and sheets. Each depositional element displays a unique morphology and seismic expression. The reservoir architecture of each of these depositional elements is a function of the interaction between sedimentary process, sea-floor morphology, and sediment grain-size distribution. (1) Turbidity-flow leveed-channel widths range from greater than 3 km to less than 200 m. Sinuosity ranges from moderate to high, and channel meanders in most instances migrate down-system. The high-amplitude reflection character that commonly characterizes these features suggests the presence of sand within the channels. In some instances, high-sinuosity channels are associated with (2) channel-overbank sediment-wave development in proximal overbank levee settings, especially in association with outer channel bends. These sediment waves reach heights of 20 m and spacings of 2-3 km. The crests of these sediment waves are oriented normal to the inferred transport direction of turbidity flows, and the waves have migrated in an up-flow direction. Channel-margin levee thickness decreases systematically down-system. Where levee thickness can no longer be resolved seismically, high-sinuosity channels feed (3) frontal splays or low-sinuosity, distributary-channel complexes. Low-sinuosity distributary-channel complexes are expressed as lobate sheets up to 5-10 km wide and tens of kilometers long that extend to the distal edges of these systems. They likely comprise sheet-like sandstone units consisting of shallow channelized and associated sand-rich overbank deposits. Also observed are (4) crevasse-splay deposits, which form as a result of the breaching of levees, commonly at channel bends. Similar to frontal splays, but smaller in size, these deposits commonly are characterized by sheet-like turbidites. (5) Debris-flow deposits comprise low-sinuosity channel fills, narrow elongate lobes, and sheets and are characterized seismically by contorted, chaotic, low-amplitude reflection patterns. These deposits commonly overlie striated or grooved pavements that can be up to tens of kilometers long, 15 m deep, and 25 m wide. Where flows are unconfined, striation patterns suggest that divergent flow is common. Debris-flow deposits extend as far basinward as turbidites, and individual debris-flow units can reach 80 m in thickness and commonly are marked by steep edges. Transparent to chaotic seismic reflection character suggest that these deposits are mud-rich. Stratigraphically, deep-water basin-floor successions commonly are characterized by mass-transport deposits at the base, overlain by turbidite frontal-splay deposits and subsequently by leveed-channel deposits. Capping this succession is another mass-transport unit ultimately overlain and draped by condensed-section deposits. This succession can be related to a cycle of relative sea-level change and associated events at the corresponding shelf edge. Commonly, deposition of a deep-water sequence is initiated with the onset of relative sea-level fall and ends with subsequent rapid relative sea-level rise.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1306/111302730367",
    doi = "10.1306/111302730367",
    openalex = "W1483157968",
    references = "doi101007978146848276818, doi10100797814684827684, doi101086629747, doi101086648221, doi101111j136530911983tb00702x, doi1013061d9bc5d9172d11d78645000102c1865d, doi1013062dc4091c0e4711d78643000102c1865d, doi1013062f9182e316ce11d78645000102c1865d, doi1013065d25cc7916c111d78645000102c1865d, doi101306a25fe3bf171b11d78645000102c1865d, doi101306m26490c5, doi102110csp9907, doi105724gcs00150782, nardin1979a, normark1978fan, openalexw1570283708, openalexw3120543430, openalexw362631153"
}

@incollection{doi102973odpprocsr1880012004,
    author = "Cooper, Alan K. and O’Brien, P.E.",
    title = "Leg 188 Synthesis: Transitions in the Glacial History of the Prydz Bay Region, East Antarctica, from ODP Drilling",
    year = "2004",
    abstract = "Drilling during Leg 119 (1988) and Leg 188 (2000; Sites 1165–1167) of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) provides direct evidence for longand short-term changes in Cenozoic paleoenvironments in the Prydz Bay region. Cores from across the continental margin reveal that in preglacial times the present shelf was an alluvial plain system with austral conifer woodland in the Late Cretaceous that changed to cooler Nothofagus rainforest scrub by the middle to late Eocene (Site 1166). Earliest recovered evidence of nearby mountain glaciation is seen in late Eocene–age grain textures in fluvial sands. In the late Eocene to early Oligocene, Prydz Bay permanently shifted from being a fluviodeltaic complex to an exclusively marine continental shelf environment. This transition is marked by a marine flooding surface later covered by overcompacted glacial sediments that denote the first advance of the ice sheet onto the shelf. Cores do not exist for the early Oligocene to early Miocene, and seismic data are used to infer the transition from a shallow to normal depth prograding continental shelf with submarine canyons on the slope and channel/levees on the rise. Cores from the continental rise at Site 1165 show long-term (millions of years) early Miocene and younger decreases in sedimentation rates as well as short-term (Milankovitch periods) cyclicity between principally biogenic and terrigenous sediment supply—resulting from the cyclic presence of onshore glaciers and changes in ocean circulation. Middle Miocene transitions include rapid decreases in sedimenta1Cooper, A.K., and O’Brien, P.E., 2004. Leg 188 synthesis: transitions in the glacial history of the Prydz Bay region, East Antarctica, from ODP drilling. In Cooper, A.K., O’Brien, P.E., and Richter, C. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 188, 1–42 [Online]. Available from World Wide Web:. [Cited YYYY-MM-DD] 2Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Building 320, Room 118, Stanford CA 94305, USA. akcooper@pangea.stanford.edu 3Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. Initial receipt: 3 July 2003 Acceptance: 28 April 2004 Web publication: 20 July 2004 Ms 188SR-001 A.K. COOPER AND P. O’BRIEN LEG 188 SYNTHESIS: GLACIAL HISTORY OF THE PRYDZ BAY REGION 2 tion rates, increased ice-rafted debris, shifts in clays and other minerals, and regional erosion of the slope and rise. These transitions may reflect enhanced glacial erosion and reduced glacial meltwater from progressively colder ice. At this time, seismic data show that depocenters began to shift from the outer continental rise to the base of the continental slope coincident with the initial stages of the glacial erosion and overdeepening of the continental shelf. During the late Miocene to early Pliocene there was a transition to greater subglacial activity on the shelf and more pronounced cyclic facies variations on the continental rise. At this time, severe glacial morphologies initiated on the shelf with the erosion of Prydz Channel and other troughs by fast-moving ice and the deposition of overcompacted glacial diamictons by slow-moving ice on adjacent banks. The Prydz trough-mouth fan also began to form with alternating deposition of debris flows (ice at shelf edge) and muddy units (reduced ice) (Site 1167). The fan also records a transition during the late Pleistocene for times younger than 780 k.y. when short-term glacial variations continued but ice reached the shelf edge only a few times. Both short-term and long-term transitions characterize the Cenozoic evolution of the Prydz Bay region from the Cretaceous nonglacial to late Neogene full-glacial paleoenvironments. These transitions are known only from ODP cores, and further insights will require additional drilling. INTRODUCTION Three sites (1165, 1166, and 1167) were drilled during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 188 in the Prydz Bay region of Antarctica (Fig. F1) to achieve three principal objectives: 1. Date the earliest evidence of glacial activity in the region and decipher the Paleogene environment of Antarctica by drilling on the continental shelf; 2. Link Oligocene and younger events in the East Antarctic Ice Sheet with changes in the Southern Ocean by drilling a transect of holes across the continental shelf, slope, and rise; and 3. Acquire a record of late Miocene and younger ice advances to the shelf edge and interglacial periods by drilling into the troughmouth fan built by advances of the Lambert Glacier–Amery Ice Shelf. Leg 188 is also notable for the many technical advances made in successfully acquiring the desired cores under unusually harsh operating conditions. This was the first Antarctic drilling leg to work without the aid of a support ship and conduct logging-while-drilling operations in polar-glacial sediments. Site 1165 is the deepest drill hole in Antarctica to date, and Site 1167 is the first drill hole to sample deeply into a polar trough-mouth fan. These accomplishments and others lay the path for future Antarctic one-ship drilling operations to more fully decipher south polar paleoenvironmental history. The East Antarctic Ice Sheet has a long-lived record of growth and decay since the Paleogene (Barron et al., 1991) and is now the largest ice mass on Earth. The ice sheet has been a significant driving force in global climates and sea level changes and in ocean and atmospheric circulation. The long-term cooling of the world’s oceans and climates over F1. Prydz Bay region, p. 28.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.188.001.2004",
    doi = "10.2973/odp.proc.sr.188.001.2004",
    openalex = "W2486914981",
    references = "doi101016002532279190008r, doi1010160198014984900165, doi101016s0277379197000036, doi101017s0016756897006870, doi101029ar071p0029, doi10103835099534, doi10108004353676199311880395, doi101126science1059412, doi10113000917613198412287cmsaiv20co2, doi102973odpprocsr1192001991"
}

@article{doi1010292011jc007255,
    author = "Cramer, Benjamin S. and Miller, Kenneth G. and Barrett, P. J. and Wright, James D.",
    title = "Late Cretaceous–Neogene trends in deep ocean temperature and continental ice volume: Reconciling records of benthic foraminiferal geochemistry (δ 18 O and Mg/Ca) with sea level history",
    year = "2011",
    journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres",
    abstract = "[1] We reconstruct trends in ice volume and deep ocean temperature for the past 108 Myr, resolving variations on timescales of ∼2 Myr and longer. We use a sea level record as a proxy for ice volume, a benthic foraminiferal Mg/Cabf record as a proxy for temperature, and a benthic foraminiferal δ18Obf record as a proxy for both. This allows us to construct dual estimates of temperature and ice volume variations for the interval 10–60 Ma: extracting temperature from δ18Obf by using sea level as a proxy for ice volume to constrain the δ18Osw component, and extracting seawater δ18Osw (which reflects ice volume) from δ18Obf by using Mg/Cabf to constrain the temperature component. Each of these approaches requires numerous assumptions, but the range of plausible solutions are concordant on timescales >2 Myr and within an uncertainty of ±2°C temperature and ±0.4‰ δ18Osw. The agreement between the two approaches for the last 50 Myr provides empirical justification for the use of δ18Obf, Mg/Cabf, and sea level records as robust climate proxies. Our reconstructions indicate differences between deep ocean cooling and continental ice growth in the late Cenozoic: cooling occurred gradually in the middle–late Eocene and late Miocene–Pliocene while ice growth occurred rapidly in the earliest Oligocene, middle Miocene, and Plio-Pleistocene. These differences are consistent with climate models that imply that temperatures, set by the long-term CO2 equilibrium, should change only gradually on timescales >2 Myr, but growth of continental ice sheets may be rapid in response to climate thresholds due to feedbacks that are not yet fully understood.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jc007255",
    doi = "10.1029/2011jc007255",
    openalex = "W2018077778",
    references = "doi101016s0009254199000819, doi101016s0016703797001695, doi10102994jb03098, doi10102998rg01624, doi101038342637a0, doi10103835099534, doi101038nature06588, doi10106311671982, doi10108001621459197910481038, doi101126science1059412, doi101126science1116412, doi101126science23547931156"
}

@article{doi101130g348701,
    author = "Sawyer, Derek E. and Flemings, Peter B. and Nikolinakou, Maria A.",
    title = "Continuous deep-seated slope failure recycles sediments and limits levee height in submarine channels",
    year = "2013",
    journal = "Geology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/g34870.1",
    doi = "10.1130/g34870.1",
    openalex = "W2121206396",
    references = "doi101016jepsl200712005, doi101016jmarpetgeo200608001, doi101016jmarpetgeo200701005, doi101016jmarpetgeo201005012, doi101016jmarpetgeo201007012, doi101016jsedgeo200911001, doi1011300091761319970250315agotbf23co2, doi10119011497320, doi10130608290605190, doi10130664ed878c172411d78645000102c1865d"
}

@incollection{zalasiewicz20184,
    author = "Zalasiewicz, Jan",
    title = "4. Deep Earth geology",
    year = "2018",
    booktitle = "Geology: A Very Short Introduction",
    abstract = "The distance from the Earth’s surface to the centre of its core is 6,370 kilometres. Humans have penetrated—with difficulty, and the help of sophisticated technology—to a little more than 4 kilometres below ground; and to a depth of 12 kilometres, probing with boreholes. That does not even get us through the Earth’s crust, so what lies in the gigantic realm of the Earth’s depths? ‘Deep Earth geology’ considers the different areas of study of the Earth’s interior, including petrology—the study of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks—and magma studies that provide the tangible evidence of the Earth’s history. It also discusses seismology, geophysics, magnetism, and structural geology.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198804451.003.0004",
    doi = "10.1093/actrade/9780198804451.003.0004",
    openalex = "W2883941313",
    pages = "41-54"
}

@article{doi101130ges020911,
    author = "Englert, Rebecca G. and Hubbard, Stephen M. and Matthews, W. A. and Coutts, Daniel S. and Covault, Jacob A.",
    title = "The evolution of submarine slope-channel systems: Timing of incision, bypass, and aggradation in Late Cretaceous Nanaimo Group channel-system strata, British Columbia, Canada",
    year = "2019",
    journal = "Geosphere",
    abstract = "Abstract Submarine channel systems convey terrestrially derived detritus from shallow-marine environments to some of the largest sediment accumulations on Earth, submarine fans. The stratigraphic record of submarine slope channels includes heterogeneous, composite deposits that provide evidence for erosion, sediment bypass, and deposition. However, the timing and duration of these processes is poorly constrained over geologic time scales. We integrate geochronology with detailed stratigraphic characterization to temporally constrain the stratigraphic evolution recorded by horizontally to vertically aligned channel-fill stacking patterns in a Nanaimo Group channel system exposed on Hornby and Denman Islands, British Columbia, Canada. Twelve detrital zircon samples (n = 300/sample) were used to calculate maximum depositional ages, which identified a new age range for the succession from ca. 79 to 63 Ma. We document five phases of submarine-channel evolution over 16.0 ± 1.7 m.y. including: an initial phase dominated by incision, sediment bypass, and limited deposition (phase 1); followed by increasingly shorter and more rapid phases of deposition on the slope by laterally migrating (phase 2) and aggrading channels (phase 3); a long period of deep incision (phase 4); and a final rapid phase of vertical channel aggradation (phase 5). Our results suggest that ∼60\% of the evolutionary history of the submarine channel system is captured in an incomplete, poorly preserved record of incision and sediment bypass, which makes up \<20\% of outcropping stratigraphy. Our findings are applicable to interpreting submarine channel-system evolution in ancient and modern settings worldwide and fundamentally important to understanding long-term sediment dispersal in the deep sea.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02091.1",
    doi = "10.1130/ges02091.1",
    openalex = "W2996728890",
    references = "doi10100797894009324181, doi101016jenvpol201308013, doi101016jepsl200909013, doi101016jgsf201811002, doi101016jmarpetgeo200301004, doi101016jmarpetgeo200608001, doi101130g329451, doi101130gsab28745, doi101306111302730367, doi103389feart201900080"
}

@article{doi103389feart201900080,
    author = "Kane, Ian and Clare, Michael",
    title = "Dispersion, Accumulation, and the Ultimate Fate of Microplastics in Deep-Marine Environments: A Review and Future Directions",
    year = "2019",
    journal = "Frontiers in Earth Science",
    abstract = "An estimated 8.3 billion tonnes of non-biodegradable plastic has been produced over the last 65 years. Much of this is not recycled or disposed of ‘properly’, has a long environmental residence time and accumulates in sedimentary systems worldwide, posing a threat to important ecosystems and potentially human health. We synthesise existing knowledge of seafloor microplastic distribution, and integrate this with process-based sedimentological models of particle transport, to provide new insights, and critically, to identify future research challenges. Compilation of published data shows that microplastics pervade the global seafloor, from abyssal plains to submarine canyons and deep-sea trenches. However, few studies relate microplastic accumulation to sediment transport and deposition. Microplastics may enter directly into the sea as marine litter from shipping and fishing, or indirectly via fluvial and aeolian systems from terrestrial environments. The nature of the entry-point is critical to how terrestrially-sourced microplastics are transferred to offshore sedimentary systems. We present models for physiographic shelf connection types related to the tectono-sedimentary regime of the margin. Beyond the shelf, the principal agents for microplastic transport are: i) gravity-driven transport in sediment-laden flows; ii) settling, or conveyance through biological processes, of material that was formerly floating on the surface or suspended in the water column; iii) transport by thermohaline currents, either during settling or by reworking of deposited microplastics. We compare microplastic settling velocities to natural sediments to understand how appropriate existing sediment transport models are for explaining microplastic dispersal. Based on this analysis, and the relatively well-known behaviour or deep-marine flow types, we explore the expected distribution of microplastic particles, both in individual sedimentary event deposits and within deep-marine depositional systems. Residence time within certain deposit types and depositional environments is anticipated to be variable, which has implications for the likelihood of ingestion and incorporation into the food chain, further transport, or deeper burial. We conclude that integration of process-based sedimentological and stratigraphic knowledge with insights from modern sedimentary systems, and biological activity within them, will provide essential constraints on the transfer of microplastics to deep-marine environments, their distribution and ultimate fate, and the implications that these have for benthic ecosystems.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00080",
    doi = "10.3389/feart.2019.00080",
    openalex = "W2942579012",
    references = "doi101016jenvpol201302031, doi101016jmarpetgeo200301003, doi101016jmarpolbul201105030, doi101016jmarpolbul201109025, doi101021es201811s, doi101038ncomms15611, doi101098rstb20080205, doi101111j13653091201201353x, doi101126sciadv1700782, doi101126science1094559, doi101126science1260352, doi1013062f9182e316ce11d78645000102c1865d, doi101371journalpone0111913, nardin1979a"
}

@article{doi101111sed12772,
    author = "Englert, Rebecca G. and Hubbard, Stephen M. and Cartigny, Matthieu and Clare, Michael and Coutts, Daniel S. and Hage, Sophie and Clark, John E. and Jobe, Zane and Lintern, Gwyn and Stacey, Cooper and Vendettuoli, Daniela",
    title = "Quantifying the three‐dimensional stratigraphic expression of cyclic steps by integrating seafloor and deep‐water outcrop observations",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Sedimentology",
    abstract = "Abstract Deep‐water deposits are important archives of Earth’s history including the occurrence of powerful flow events and the transfer of large volumes of terrestrial detritus into the world’s oceans. However the interpretation of depositional processes and palaeoflow conditions from the deep‐water sedimentary record has been limited due to a lack of direct observations from modern depositional systems. Recent seafloor studies have resulted in novel findings, including the presence of upslope‐migrating bedforms such as cyclic steps formed by supercritical turbidity currents that produce distinct depositional signatures. This study builds on process to product relationships for cyclic steps using modern and ancient datasets by providing sedimentological and quantitative, three‐dimensional architectural analyses of their deposits, which are required for recognition and palaeoflow interpretations of sedimentary structures in the rock record. Repeat‐bathymetric surveys from two modern environments (Squamish prodelta, Canada, and Monterey Canyon, USA) were used to examine the stratigraphic evolution connected with relatively small‐scale (average 40 to 55 m wavelengths and 1.5 to 3.0 m wave heights) upslope‐migrating bedforms interpreted to be cyclic steps within submarine channels and lobes. These results are integrated to interpret a succession of Late Cretaceous Nanaimo Group deep‐water slope deposits exposed on Gabriola Island, Canada. Similar deposit dimensions, facies and architecture are observed in all datasets, which span different turbidite‐dominated settings (prodelta, upper submarine canyon and deep‐water slope) and timescales (days, years or thousands of years). Bedform deposits are typically tens of metres long/wide, <1 m thick and make up successions of low‐angle, backstepping trough‐shaped lenses composed of massive sands/sandstones. These results support process‐based relationships for these deposits, associated with similar cyclic step bedforms formed by turbidity currents with dense basal layers under low‐aggradation conditions. Modern to ancient comparisons reveal the stratigraphic expression of globally prevalent, small‐scale, sandy upslope‐migrating bedforms on the seafloor, which can be applied to enhance palaeoenvironmental interpretations and understand long‐term preservation from ancient deep‐water deposits.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12772",
    doi = "10.1111/sed.12772",
    openalex = "W3036605554",
    references = "doi101002dep278, doi10100797894009324181, doi1010160012825283900223, doi101016003707388890005x, doi101016jepsl200511028, doi101016jmarpetgeo200902012, doi101111j13653091201201353x, doi101126scienceaba5899, doi101130ges020911, doi101306212f7f312b2411d78648000102c1865d, openalexw1570283708, openalexw1815785391"
}

@article{doi102110jsr202036,
    author = "Hubbard, Stephen M. and Jobe, Zane and Romans, Brian W. and Covault, Jacob A. and Sylvester, Zoltán and Fildani, Andrea",
    title = "The stratigraphic evolution of a submarine channel: linking seafloor dynamics to depositional products",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Journal of Sedimentary Research",
    abstract = "ABSTRACT We investigate the relationship between the cross-sectional geomorphic expression of a submarine channel as observed on the seafloor and the stratigraphic product of long-lived erosion, bypass, and sediment deposition. Specifically, by reconstructing the time–space evolution of an individual channel fill (i.e., channel element) exposed in outcrop, we establish a genetic link between thick-bedded channel-element-axis sandstone to thinly interbedded channel-element-margin deposits. Although the bounding surface between axis sandstone and margin thin beds is sharply defined, it is composed of a series of geomorphic surface segments of various ages; as such, the composite stratigraphic surface (∼ 17 m relief) was formed from numerous incision events that repeatedly sculpted the conduit. By demonstrating the origin of the stratigraphic surface, we conclude that geomorphic surfaces with 2–7 m of erosional relief were largely responsible for the observed intra-channel-element architecture (and ultimately, the composite 17-m-thick element). The widely documented channel element axis-to-margin architecture is a product of submarine-channel thalweg dynamics, primarily recording interactions between the seafloor and the basal high-concentration layers of channelized turbidity currents.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.36",
    doi = "10.2110/jsr.2020.36",
    openalex = "W3043854275",
    references = "doi10100797894009324181, doi101016jmarpetgeo200301004, doi101016jmarpetgeo200303005, doi101016jmarpetgeo200308003, doi101016jmarpetgeo200608001, doi101016jmarpetgeo200706001, doi101016jmarpetgeo201007008, doi101111sed12490, doi101130ges020911, doi101146annurevea21050193000513, doi101306212f7f312b2411d78648000102c1865d, doi103389feart201900080"
}

@article{doi101130b371941,
    author = "Coutts, Daniel S. and Hubbard, Stephen M. and Englert, Rebecca G. and Ward, Peter D. and Matthews, W. A.",
    title = "Dissecting 20 million years of deep-water forearc sediment routing using an integrated basin-wide Bayesian chronostratigraphic framework",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Geological Society of America Bulletin",
    abstract = "Abstract Sedimentary deposits along convergent margins contain a record of sediment transfer and coupled tectonic processes. Deciphering the evolution of ancient convergent margins, both spatially and temporally, is challenging as their stratigraphic successions are often locally deformed, which makes it difficult to correlate stratigraphic units over large distances, and they may have limited age constraints. Here, we construct a novel Bayesian chronostratigraphic framework for Late Cretaceous–Paleocene units of the Nanaimo forearc basin in western British Columbia, Canada, which reveals unparalleled detail into long-term sedimentation processes along an active deep-water margin. The Upper Nanaimo Group outcrop belt features \textasciitilde 2000 m of forearc basin fill that includes the deposits of multiple submarine channel systems along a 160-km-long depositional strike-oriented cross section of the ancient continental margin. The age and longevity of individual slope-channel systems was determined by constructing a Bayesian Monte Carlo numerical model in which biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic measurements were used to further constrain 37 detrital zircon maximum depositional ages. Important context for the refined maximum depositional ages is provided by a detailed stratigraphic dataset composed of 2199 m of measured stratigraphic section and 4207 paleoflow measurements, which demonstrate the facies, architecture, distribution, and orientation of 12 slope-channel systems. In combination, our results reconstruct the spatio-temporal evolution of coarse-grained, deep-water sediment routing along the paleo-margin and enable the timing of sedimentation to be compared with hinterland and forearc processes. Our integrative approach demonstrates that submarine channel-system deposits of the upper Nanaimo Group cluster into three long-lived fairways (8–18 m.y.), each of which has a unique depositional history. Along-strike variations in the timing of sediment routing, channel-system architecture, and channel-system orientation are interpreted to be driven by local subsidence, magmatism, and subduction-related processes. We show, for the first time, how Bayesian age models can be applied at a basin-scale to produce robust chronostratigraphic frameworks for deciphering basin evolution that provide valuable insight into long-term geodynamic processes.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/b37194.1",
    doi = "10.1130/b37194.1",
    openalex = "W4391380071",
    references = "crossref1996the, doi101016jearscirev201203002, doi101016jearscirev2022104076, doi101016jepsl200909013, doi1010292007gc001743, doi1010292021tc007106, doi10102991rg00969, doi101111j1751908x201600379x, doi101111sed12490, doi101111sed12772, doi10113000167606198394222ponaps20co2, doi101130ges020911, doi101130ges023941, doi101130l11381, doi101130spe206, doi101306212f7f312b2411d78648000102c1865d, doi102110jsr20201, openalexw3120543430"
}