@article{doi101017s0016756800057800,
    author = "Hallam, A.",
    title = "Eustatic Control of Major Cyclic Changes in Jurassic Sedimentation",
    year = "1963",
    journal = "Geological Magazine",
    abstract = "Abstract Evidence is sought to prove, with reference to five examples, that major cyclic changes in Jurassic sedimentation have been controlled by eustatic rises and falls of sea level. Abrupt variations suggestive of pronounced deepening of the sea in areas of marine sedimentation in Europe are correlated with extensive marine transgressions in widely separated parts of the world. A connection is recognized between eustatic movements and evolution and migration of the invertebrate fauna, and relationships between eustatic and local, epeirogenic movements outlined.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800057800",
    doi = "10.1017/s0016756800057800",
    openalex = "W2117022294"
}

@article{doi1010160033589478900339,
    author = "Clark, J. A. and Farrell, William E. and Peltier, W. R.",
    title = "Global Changes in Postglacial Sea Level: A Numerical Calculation",
    year = "1978",
    journal = "Quaternary Research",
    abstract = "The sea-level rise due to ice-sheet melting since the last glacial maximum was not uniform everywhere because of the deformation of the Earth's surface and its geoid by changing ice and water loads. A numerical model is employed to calculate global changes in relative sea level on a spherical viscoelastic Earth as northern hemisphere ice sheets melt and fill the ocean basins with meltwater. Predictions for the past 16,000 years explain a large proportion of the global variance in the sea-level record, particularly during the Holocene. Results indicate that the oceans can be divided into six zones, each of which is characterized by a specific form of the relative sea-level curve. In four of these zones emerged beaches are predicted, and these may form even at considerable distance from the ice sheets themselves. In the remaining zones submergence is dominant, and no emerged beaches are expected. The close agreement of these predictions with the data suggests that, contrary to the beliefs of many, no net change in ocean volume has occurred during the past 5000 years. Predictions for localities close to the ice sheets are the most in error, suggesting that slight modifications of the assumed melting history and/or the rheological model of the Earth's interior are necessary.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(78)90033-9",
    doi = "10.1016/0033-5894(78)90033-9",
    openalex = "W2094666610",
    references = "doi1010160079194661900040, doi101017s0022143000027386, doi101029jb073i022p07089, doi101029rg010i003p00761, doi101029rg010i004p00849, doi101029rg012i004p00649, doi101111j1365246x1976tb01251x, doi101111j1365246x1976tb01252x, doi101111j1365246x1976tb01253x, doi101126science1914225353, doi1011300016760619647563lqscac20co2, doi101130001676061970811895psotpa20co2, doi1023071550617"
}

@article{doi101144gsjgs13620137,
    author = "McKerrow, W. S.",
    title = "Ordovician and Silurian changes in sea level",
    year = "1979",
    journal = "Journal of the Geological Society",
    abstract = "Depth-related brachiopod-dominated benthic communities can provide well-dated indications of change in relative sea level, especially if they occur in tectonically stable regions. Eustatic changes in sea level occurred over short (less than 1–3 m.y.) intervals at the end of the Llandeilo, in the late Ashgill and at the base of the Upper Llandovery; they may be related to changes in the size of the icecap in Gondwanaland. In the Llandovery and in the late Silurian, there are periods of more prolonged eustatic changes in sea level. Other changes are shown to be restricted to a single continent, and suggest vertical movements with very little tilting.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.136.2.0137",
    doi = "10.1144/gsjgs.136.2.0137",
    openalex = "W2146470329"
}

@article{donovan1979causes,
    author = "Donovan, D. T. and Jones, E. J. W.",
    title = "Causes of world-wide changes in sea level",
    year = "1979",
    journal = "Journal of the Geological Society",
    abstract = "Possible factors responsible for world-wide sea level changes are reviewed. The major causes are variations in the volume of land ice and changes in oceanic ridge systems, with sediment accumulation in the oceans and desiccation of isolated basins producing second-order effects. Alterations in effective water volume (by ice sheet growth or desiccation) are much faster than changes in ocean basin capacity, but the latter are considered likely to be the cause of long-term trends, which are ultimately related to the history of mantle convection.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.136.2.0187",
    doi = "10.1144/gsjgs.136.2.0187",
    number = "2",
    pages = "187-192",
    volume = "136"
}

@article{donovan1979causes1,
    author = "Donovan, D. T. and Jones, E. J",
    title = "Causes of world-wide changes of sea level",
    year = "1979",
    journal = "Journal of the Geological Society, London, v. 136, p. 187-192",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Donovan, D. T., and Jones, E. J., 1979, Causes of world-wide changes of sea level: Journal of the Geological Society, London, v. 136, p. 187-192.}"
}

@article{crossref1980discussion,
    title = "Discussion on causes of world-wide changes in sea level",
    year = "1980",
    journal = "Journal of the Geological Society",
    abstract = "D rs K. J. H sü \& E. L. W interer write: In a succinct account on the causes of world-wide changes in sea level, Donovan \& Jones (1979) correctly pointed out the importance of relating the rate of eustatic changes to mechanisms. Whereas changes in the volume of ocean ridges may produce slow eustatic changes, of the order of 1 cm/1000 years, rapid regressions and transgressions, at the rate of 1 cm/year or so, could only be attributed to changes in the volume of land ice, or to desiccation of isolated ocean basins. They also indicated that glacio-eustatic changes could take place only when polar ice caps existed, but seemed puzzled by the sudden sea level changes during the Jurassic, Cretaceous, and much of the Tertiary. Some years ago one of us (E.L.W.) came to a similar conclusion that rapid eustatic changes, taking place in a few thousand or tens of thousands of years, cannot be related to tectonic changes, but must be related to glaciation or to desiccation. Deep-sea drilling results indicated that glaciation in Antarctica started as long ago as early Tertiary, and that the change in sea level caused by growth of wasting of glaciers in that region could amount to c. 60 m (Berger \& Winterer 1974, p. 28). The effect of desiccation of isolated basins on sea level seemed also to have been underestimated by Donovan \& Jones. Referring to the Messinian desiccation of the Mediterranean (Hsü et al. 1973), they suggested that the amount of sea",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.137.4.0509",
    doi = "10.1144/gsjgs.137.4.0509",
    number = "4",
    pages = "509-510",
    volume = "137"
}

@article{openalexw657752760,
    author = "Hardenbol, Jan and Vail, Pr and Ferrer, Jaime I. Frigola and Montadert, L. and Blanchet, René",
    title = "Interpreting Paleoenvironments, Subsidence History and Sea-Level Changes of Passive Margins From Seismic and Biostratigraphy",
    year = "1981",
    journal = "Institutional Archive of Ifremer (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea)",
    abstract = "Interaction between basement subsidence, eustatic sea-level changes, and varying sediment supply shapes the sediment accumulations along passive continental margins. Detailed analysis of the sediments with seismic stratigraphy and well data permits quantification of the subsidence history and reconstruction of paleoenvironments and sea-level changes through time. Geohistory analysis provides a quantitative analysis of basin subsidence using geologic time-depth diagrams to visualize the total basin subsidence. Long-term eustatic changes are a significant component of the thermo-tectonic subsidence curve. These changes can be quantified by measuring dpearture from an established set of calculated subsidence curves. Short-term, rapid changes of sea level can be demonstrated from seismic and well data. The stratigraphic resolution of these changes rarely allows exact quantification of their magnitude, but a minimum rate of change of sea level can often be determined. Applications of these procedures are demonstrated with an example from northwest Africa.",
    openalex = "W657752760"
}

@incollection{doi105724gcs84030347,
    author = "Vail, Peter R. and Hardenbol, Jan and Todd, R. G.",
    title = "Jurassic Unconformities, Chronostratigraphy and Sea-Level Changes from Seismic Stratigraphy and Biostratigraphy",
    year = "1984",
    booktitle = "SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) eBooks",
    abstract = "Abstract Seventeen global unconformities and their correlative conformities (sequence boundaries) subdivide the strata of the Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous into genetic sequences produced by 16 eustatic cycles. These 16 cycles make up the Jurassic supercycle. Eight of the global unformities are both subaerial and submarine (Type 1), and are believed to have been caused by rapid eustatic falls of sea level. Nine of the unconformities are subaerial only (Type 2), and are believed to be related to slow eustatic falls of sea level. In addition, 16 marine condensed sections (starved intervals) have been identified. These condensed sections are interpreted to be related to rapid eustatic rises of sea level. Unconformity recognition is locally or regionally enhanced by periodic truncation of folded and faulted strata during sea-level lowstands and onlap onto topographic highs during sea-level highstands, but we find no evidence that the tectonics caused the global unconformities. The 16 eustatic cycles that make up the Jurassic supercycle correspond to 16 global chronostratigraphic intervals that subdivide Jurassic strata into a series of genetic sequences, which are recognizable from seismic, well and outcrop data. The Jurassic unconformities and the stratal and facies patterns between them are caused by the interaction of basement subsidence, eustatic changes of sea level, and differing sediment supply. Detailed analyses of the sediments with seismic stratigraphy and well data permit quantification of the subsidence history and reconstruction of paleoenvironment and sea-level changes through time. The intergrated use of seismic stratigraphy and biostratigraphy provides a better geologic age history than could be obtained by either method alone. Paleobathymetry, sediment facies, and relative changes of sea level can be interpreted from seismic data and confirmed or improved on by well control. Geohistory analysis based on geologic time-depth diagrams provides a quantitative analysis of total basin subsidence. When this subsidence is corrected for compaction and sediment loading, the tectonic subsidence and long-term eustatic changes may be determined. Short-term, rapid changes of sea level can be demonstrated from seismic, well and outcrop data. The stratigraphic resolution of these changes rarely allows exact quantification of their magnitude, but a minimum rate of change of sea level often can be determined.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5724/gcs.84.03.0347",
    doi = "10.5724/gcs.84.03.0347",
    openalex = "W1574646141",
    references = "doi101017s0016756800057800, doi101038246018a0, doi101098rsta19800021, doi101130001676061978891389rbeass20co2, doi101306c1ea481516c911d78645000102c1865d, donovan1979causes, openalexw1521644843, openalexw657752760"
}

@article{doi101029pa002i001p00001,
    author = "Miller, Kenneth G. and Fairbanks, Richard G. and Mountain, Gregory S.",
    title = "Tertiary oxygen isotope synthesis, sea level history, and continental margin erosion",
    year = "1987",
    journal = "Paleoceanography",
    abstract = "Tertiary benthic and planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotope records are correlated to a standard geomagnetic polarity time scale, making use of improved chronostratigraphic control and additional Oligocene isotope data. Synchronous changes in both benthic and planktonic δ 18 O values which occurred in the Oligocene to Miocene (36–5.2 Ma) are interpreted, in part, to represent ice growth and decay. The inferred ice growth events correlate with erosion on passive continental margins as interpreted from seismic and chronostratigraphic records. This association is consistent with a link between Oligocene to Miocene erosional events and rapid (>15 m/m.y.) glacioeustatic lowerings of about 50 m. High benthic foraminiferal δ 18 O values suggest the presence of continental ice sheets during much of the Oligocene to Recent (36–0 Ma). Substantially ice‐free conditions probably existed throughout the Paleocene and Eocene (66–36 Ma). The mechanisms and rates of sea level change apparently were different between the early and late Tertiary, with glacioeustatic changes restricted to the past 36 m.y. Pre‐Oligocene erosion on passive continental margins was caused by eustatic lowerings resulting from global spreading rate changes. We apply a model which suggests that large areas of the continental shelves were subaerially exposed during such tectonoeustatic lowstands, stimulating slope failure and submarine erosion. The different mechanisms and rates of eustatic change may have caused contrasting erosional patterns between the early and late Tertiary on passive continental margins. This speculation needs to be confirmed by examination of data from several passive margins.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1029/pa002i001p00001",
    doi = "10.1029/pa002i001p00001",
    openalex = "W1965840594",
    references = "doi1010160033589473900525, doi1010160033589484900851, doi101029gm032, doi101038307620a0, doi10106311671982, doi101126science19442701121, doi101126science23547931156, doi101130001676061978891389rbeass20co2, doi101130001676061985961407cg20co2, doi101146annurevea05050177001535, doi102973dsdpproc291171975, openalexw2989964553, openalexw3160761443, openalexw368140503"
}

@book{openalexw41072897,
    author = "Lisitzin, Eugénie",
    title = "Sea-Level Changes",
    year = "1987",
    journal = "Medical Entomology and Zoology",
    abstract = "Oceanography is considered a young science with roots going back only to the first half of the nineteenth century. Sometimes as late a year as 1872, when the first scientific cruise of a modern nature, the famous Challenger Expedition, began its work in the oceans, is regarded as the opening year of oceanographic research. However, in this connection it must always be kept in mind that there is an important and interesting field within the boundaries of modern oceanography which has a considerab1y more respectable pedigree. This significant field consists of the studies on sea level and its variations. Research on the tides, especially on their theoretical aspects must, of course, be mentioned first. Nevertheless, there are other phenomena connected with sea-level changes which have been commonly known and studied for centuries. It may suffice to refer to two examples: the disastrous floods described, if not always in a scientific way, by many ancient peoples; and the land uplift characteristic of large areas in the northern hemi-sphere. The latter phenomenon has been known and studied, at least in the Fennoscandian countries, since the beginning of the eighteenth century. It gave, in the middle of the nineteenth century, the first impulse to the erection of sea-level measuring poles and thus laid the first firm foundation for purely scientific studies of sea-level changes, such as they appear in nature. Sea-level research mayat a first cursory glance be considered a rather unitary and well-limited field of scientific studies. The conclusion could easily be drawn that the contemporary tendency for specialization has created within the wide framework of oceanography a scientific branch which may allow the investigator to follow his own independent way. Nothing could be more erroneous than su ch an interpretation. It will be made clear, in the particular chapters of this book, that students of sea level and its variations are forced to consider in their work a considerable number of different elements, factors and phenomena which form a substantial part of many very different sciences. It may be sufficient to mention in this connection a few of these elements and phenomena. Hydrography of oceanography, in the more restricted sense of these terms, contribute such elements as temperature and salinity, and consequently also the density of sea water, currents and long waves; meteorology, atmospheric pressure, different wind effects, evaporation and precipitation; hydrology, water discharged from rivers; geology, land uplift and land subsidence; astronomy, gravitation and tide-generating forces; seismology, tsunami waves; and, finally, glaciology, the eustatic changes.",
    openalex = "W41072897"
}

@article{doi101017s0016756898008917,
    author = "Loydell, David K.",
    title = "Early Silurian sea-level changes",
    year = "1998",
    journal = "Geological Magazine",
    abstract = "Global sea-level fluctuated markedly during the early Silurian, probably as a result of the waxing and waning of ice-sheets in the South American portion of Gondwana. The highest sea-levels of the Silurian are recorded by the Telychian upper crispus –lower griestoniensis and spiralis –lower lapworthi biozones. Other highstands occurred in the early Aeronian, during the convolutus Zone (mid Aeronian), guerichi Zone and late turriculatus Zone (early Telychian), and early Sheinwoodian. Low sea-levels characterized much of the argenteus and sedgwickii zones (Aeronian), the utilis Subzone (late guerichi –early turriculatus zones, early Telychian), the late Telychian (commencing in the mid lapworthi Zone) and, after a period of apparently only small amplitude sea-level fluctuations in the late Sheinwoodian and earliest Homerian, the mid–late Homerian, in particular the early nassa Zone. Facies (and faunal) changes in the Lower Silurian do not support the P and S model of Jeppsson and others, but are consistent with the sea-level changes proposed herein. Mid Telychian marine red beds appear to have been deposited during a minor sea-level fall immediately after a period of very high sea-levels, rather than during a transgressive episode as previously suggested. Comparison of the sea-level curve presented herein with those constructed in the past is hampered by the lack of precision currently possible in the correlation of early Silurian deep water (graptolitic) and shallow water (shelly) sequences. Improving the precision of this correlation should be a priority for future research.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0016756898008917",
    doi = "10.1017/s0016756898008917",
    openalex = "W2142416060",
    references = "doi101002gj3350110205, doi101002gj3350290204, doi101016003101829290003n, doi101029pa002i005p00457, doi101111j150239311993tb01507x, doi101144gsjgs13620137, doi101144gsjgs13620187, doi101144gsjgs14740663, doi101144gsjgs15030501, doi101144gsjgs15230487, doi101144gslmem19900120101, doi101144gslsp19930700121, doi102475ajs2782255, donovan1979causes, loydell1996the, openalexw2097059819"
}

@article{doi10102998rg01624,
    author = "Miller, Kenneth G. and Mountain, Gregory S. and Browning, James V. and Kominz, Michelle A. and Sugarman, Peter J. and Christie‐Blick, Nicholas and Katz, Miriam and Wright, James D.",
    title = "Cenozoic global sea level, sequences, and the New Jersey Transect: Results From coastal plain and continental slope drilling",
    year = "1998",
    journal = "Reviews of Geophysics",
    abstract = "The New Jersey Sea Level Transect was designed to evaluate the relationships among global sea level (eustatic) change, unconformity‐bounded sequences, and variations in subsidence, sediment supply, and climate on a passive continental margin. By sampling and dating Cenozoic strata from coastal plain and continental slope locations, we show that sequence boundaries correlate (within ±0.5 myr) regionally (onshore‐offshore) and interregionally (New Jersey‐Alabama‐Bahamas), implicating a global cause. Sequence boundaries correlate with δ 18 O increases for at least the past 42 myr, consistent with an ice volume (glacioeustatic) control, although a causal relationship is not required because of uncertainties in ages and correlations. Evidence for a causal connection is provided by preliminary Miocene data from slope Site 904 that directly link δ 18 O increases with sequence boundaries. We conclude that variation in the size of ice sheets has been a primary control on the formation of sequence boundaries since ∼42 Ma. We speculate that prior to this, the growth and decay of small ice sheets caused small‐amplitude sea level changes (<20 m) in this supposedly ice‐free world because Eocene sequence boundaries also appear to correlate with minor δ 18 O increases. Subsidence estimates (backstripping) indicate amplitudes of short‐term (million‐year scale) lowerings that are consistent with estimates derived from δ 18 O studies (25–50 m in the Oligocene‐middle Miocene and 10–20 m in the Eocene) and a long‐term lowering of 150–200 m over the past 65 myr, consistent with estimates derived from volume changes on mid‐ocean ridges. Although our results are consistent with the general number and timing of Paleocene to middle Miocene sequences published by workers at Exxon Production Research Company, our estimates of sea level amplitudes are substantially lower than theirs. Lithofacies patterns within sequences follow repetitive, predictable patterns: (1) coastal plain sequences consist of basal transgressive sands overlain by regressive highstand silts and quartz sands; and (2) although slope lithofacies variations are subdued, reworked sediments constitute lowstand deposits, causing the strongest, most extensive seismic reflections. Despite a primary eustatic control on sequence boundaries, New Jersey sequences were also influenced by changes in tectonics, sediment supply, and climate. During the early to middle Eocene, low siliciclastic and high pelagic input associated with warm climates resulted in widespread carbonate deposition and thin sequences. Late middle Eocene and earliest Oligocene cooling events curtailed carbonate deposition in the coastal plain and slope, respectively, resulting in a switch to siliciclastic sedimentation. In onshore areas, Oligocene sequences are thin owing to low siliciclastic and pelagic input, and their distribution is patchy, reflecting migration or progradation of depocenters; in contrast, Miocene onshore sequences are thicker, reflecting increased sediment supply, and they are more complete downdip owing to simple tectonics. We conclude that the New Jersey margin provides a natural laboratory for unraveling complex interactions of eustasy, tectonics, changes in sediment supply, and climate change.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1029/98rg01624",
    doi = "10.1029/98rg01624",
    openalex = "W2005596384",
    references = "doi1010160025322771900533, doi1010160031018295001719, doi1010160033589473900525, doi1010160079194661900040, doi101038342637a0, doi101038353225a0, doi101126science19442701121, doi101126science23547931156, doi101306mth7510, doi102110pec88010109, doi102110pec95040129, donovan1979causes, openalexw3160761443"
}

@article{doi101016s0031018200002297,
    author = "Hallam, A.",
    title = "A review of the broad pattern of Jurassic sea-level changes and their possible causes in the light of current knowledge",
    year = "2001",
    journal = "Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(00)00229-7",
    doi = "10.1016/s0031-0182(00)00229-7",
    openalex = "W2123643957",
    references = "doi1010160012825287900626, doi101016b9780444429032500087, doi101016s0012825299000483, doi101016s0012825299000550, doi101144gsjgs15450773, doi101146annurevea17050189001041, doi101306703c9af5170711d78645000102c1865d, openalexw3093286468"
}

@article{doi101098rsta20031240,
    author = "Jenkyns, Hugh C.",
    title = "Evidence for rapid climate change in the Mesozoic–Palaeogene greenhouse world",
    year = "2003",
    journal = "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences",
    abstract = "The best-documented example of rapid climate change that characterized the so-called 'greenhouse world' took place at the time of the Palaeocene-Eocene boundary: introduction of isotopically light carbon into the ocean-atmosphere system, accompanied by global warming of 5-8 degrees C across a range of latitudes, took place over a few thousand years. Dissociation, release and oxidation of gas hydrates from continental-margin sites and the consequent rapid global warming from the input of greenhouses gases are generally credited with causing the abrupt negative excursions in carbon- and oxygen-isotope ratios. The isotopic anomalies, as recorded in foraminifera, propagated downwards from the shallowest levels of the ocean, implying that considerable quantities of methane survived upward transit through the water column to oxidize in the atmosphere. In the Mesozoic Era, a number of similar events have been recognized, of which those at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, in the early Toarcian (Jurassic) and in the early Aptian (Cretaceous) currently carry the best documentation for dramatic rises in temperature. In these three examples, and in other less well-documented cases, the lack of a definitive time-scale for the intervals in question hinders calculation of the rate of environmental change. However, comparison with the Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) suggests that these older examples could have been similarly rapid. In both the early Toarcian and early Aptian cases, the negative carbon-isotope excursion precedes global excess carbon burial across a range of marine environments, a phenomenon that defines these intervals as oceanic anoxic events (OAEs). Osmium-isotope ratios ((187)Os/(188)Os) for both the early Toarcian OAE and the PETM show an excursion to more radiogenic values, demonstrating an increase in weathering and erosion of continental crust consonant with elevated temperatures. The more highly buffered strontium-isotope system ((87)Sr/(86)Sr) also shows relatively more radiogenic signatures during the early Toarcian OAE, but the early Aptian and Cenomanian-Turonian OAEs show the reverse effect, implying that increased rates of sea-floor spreading and hydrothermal activity dominated over continental weathering in governing sea-water chemistry. The Cretaceous climatic optimum (late Cenomanian to mid Turonian) also shows evidence for abrupt cooling episodes characterized by episodic invasion of boreal faunas into temperate and subtropical regions and changes in terrestrial vegetation; drawdown of CO(2) related to massive marine carbon burial (OAE) may be implicated here. The absence of a pronounced negative carbon-isotope excursion preceding the Cenomanian-Turonian OAE indicates that methane release is not necessarily connected to global deposition of marine organic carbon, but relative thermal maxima are common to all OAEs. 'Cold snaps' have also been identified from the Mesozoic record but their duration, causes and effects are poorly documented.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2003.1240",
    doi = "10.1098/rsta.2003.1240",
    openalex = "W1985260036",
    references = "doi1010079789401149020, doi101007bf01821208, doi1010160195667188900031, doi101016s0012825299000483, doi101016s0016703702010359, doi1010292001pa000623, doi101038333547a0, doi101046j13653121200000295x, doi1011300016760619951071164mlccot23co2, doi1011300091761320020300123dsproe20co2, doi1011300091761320020300251tameat20co2, doi101144gsjgs14230433, doi101144gsjgs15450773, doi102475ajs2995341"
}

@article{doi101126science1116412,
    author = "Miller, Kenneth G. and Kominz, Michelle A. and Browning, James V. and Wright, James D. and Mountain, Gregory S. and Katz, Miriam and Sugarman, Peter J. and Cramer, Benjamin S. and Christie‐Blick, Nicholas and Pekar, Stephen F.",
    title = "The Phanerozoic Record of Global Sea-Level Change",
    year = "2005",
    journal = "Science",
    abstract = "We review Phanerozoic sea-level changes [543 million years ago (Ma) to the present] on various time scales and present a new sea-level record for the past 100 million years (My). Long-term sea level peaked at 100 +/- 50 meters during the Cretaceous, implying that ocean-crust production rates were much lower than previously inferred. Sea level mirrors oxygen isotope variations, reflecting ice-volume change on the 10(4)- to 10(6)-year scale, but a link between oxygen isotope and sea level on the 10(7)-year scale must be due to temperature changes that we attribute to tectonically controlled carbon dioxide variations. Sea-level change has influenced phytoplankton evolution, ocean chemistry, and the loci of carbonate, organic carbon, and siliciclastic sediment burial. Over the past 100 My, sea-level changes reflect global climate evolution from a time of ephemeral Antarctic ice sheets (100 to 33 Ma), through a time of large ice sheets primarily in Antarctica (33 to 2.5 Ma), to a world with large Antarctic and large, variable Northern Hemisphere ice sheets (2.5 Ma to the present).",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1116412",
    doi = "10.1126/science.1116412",
    openalex = "W2153985161",
    references = "doi1010160012821x96000623, doi101017cbo9780511628948, doi10102990jb02015, doi10102992jb01202, doi10102994jb01889, doi10102998rg01624, doi101029pa002i001p00001, doi101038297391a0, doi101038339532a0, doi1010510004636120041335, doi101126science1059412, doi101126science19442701121, doi101126science23547931156, doi1011300016760619637493sitcio20co2, doi1023073515270, doi102475ajs294156, doi102475ajs3012182, donovan1979causes"
}

@article{doi102113geoarabia1002127,
    author = "Haq, Bilal U. and Al-Qahtani, Abdul Motaleb",
    title = "Phanerozoic cycles of sea-level change on the Arabian Platform",
    year = "2005",
    journal = "GeoArabia",
    abstract = "ABSTRACT The Arabian Plate has experienced a complex tectonic history while also being widely influenced by eustatic sea-level changes. These diastrophic events either affected changes in the rate and/or location of subsidence that in turn led to the creation of significant new sedimentary accommodation, or caused major erosional hiatuses. As a result, both eustasy and tectonics have played important roles in the development of sedimentary sequences and in determining the locus and characteristics of reservoir, source and seal facies on the Arabian Platform. Here, we present a synthesis (Cycle Chart) of the regional sea-level fluctuations affecting the Platform that is based on Phanerozoic epi- and peri-Platform sequence-stratigraphic data. Information used for the synthesis includes sections from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the Greater Gulf area, Oman and Yemen. The regional Cycle Chart incorporates interpreted sedimentary onlap patterns on the margins of the Arabian Platform, as well as models of regional sea-level fluctuations that controlled these patterns. These are compared to eustatic data that represents the ‘global-mean’ models of sea-level changes, largely at second-order cycle level for the Paleozoic and third-order cycle level for the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. The comparisons reveal that Phanerozoic sediment accumulation patterns on the Platform were broadly controlled by eustasy, with a strong overprint of tectonics for several long intervals. During periods of tectonic quiescence, however, correlations with the eustatic events improve significantly. Thus, for example, during the Cambrian through early Silurian and mid Jurassic through early Paleogene intervals eustasy may have been the significant controlling factor for sedimentary patterns when long-term trends in both regional and global sea-level curves show similarities. The use of the Cycle Chart could facilitate exploration efforts on the Arabian Platform, provide better chronostratigraphic estimates and global correlations, and prove a useful accompaniment for sequence-stratigraphic studies. This integrative effort was greatly facilitated by the recent publication of the sequence stratigraphic synthesis of the Arabian Plate. The ages of Maximum Flooding Surfaces, however, have been recalibrated to the new (GTS 2004) time scale. This synthesis also represents a new recalibration of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eustatic curves of Haq et al. (1988) to an up-to-date numerical time scale (GTS 2004).",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia1002127",
    doi = "10.2113/geoarabia1002127",
    openalex = "W2342151210",
    references = "doi10113000167606198596567defie20co2, doi1011300091761320030310431eocana20co2, doi1018814epiiugs2004v27i2002, doi102110pec88010071, doi102113geoarabia0504527, doi102113geoarabia0603407, doi102113geoarabia0603445, doi1023073515270, openalexw1558464430, openalexw3160761443"
}

@article{doi101111j1365246x1976tb01252x,
    author = "Farrell, William E. and Clark, J. A.",
    title = "On Postglacial Sea Level",
    year = "2007",
    journal = "Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society",
    abstract = "Summary An exact method is presented for calculating the changes in sea level that occur when ice and water masses are rearranged on the surface of elastic and viscoelastic non-rotating Earth models. The method is used to calculate the instantaneous elastic and delayed vi scoelastic sea level changes following the partial melting of late Quaternary ice sheets. We find that there can be large errors in the usual assumption that changes in sea level are uniform over the ocean basins. If a quantity of ice equivalent to a uniform 100-m rise in sea level melts from the Laurentide and Fennoscandian ice sheets, then in the South Pacific the instantaneous rise in sea level can be as large as 120m. In the North Atlantic the instantaneous rise is always less than 100 m. There is a zone in the North Atlantic with almost no sea level change and near Greenland and Norway the sea level falls, rather than rises, by over 100 m. One thousand years after the melting a forebulge migrating towards the ice loads causes water to flow from the South Pacific into the North Pacific suggesting that raised beaches should occur in the South Pacific. The gravitational attraction of an ice mass upon a nearby ocean tends to hold sea level high in the vicinity of the ice. This extra load near the ice may have a significant influence on postglacial isostatic adjustment.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1976.tb01252.x",
    doi = "10.1111/j.1365-246x.1976.tb01252.x",
    openalex = "W2147988117",
    references = "doi101029rg010i003p00761, doi101029rg012i004p00649, doi101093mnras758648, doi101111j1365246x1976tb01251x"
}

@article{doi101126science1161648,
    author = "Haq, Bilal U. and Schutter, Stephen R.",
    title = "A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes",
    year = "2008",
    journal = "Science",
    abstract = "Sea levels have been determined for most of the Paleozoic Era (542 to 251 million years ago), but an integrated history of sea levels has remained unrealized. We reconstructed a history of sea-level fluctuations for the entire Paleozoic by using stratigraphic sections from pericratonic and cratonic basins. Evaluation of the timing and amplitude of individual sea-level events reveals that the magnitude of change is the most problematic to estimate accurately. The long-term sea level shows a gradual rise through the Cambrian, reaching a zenith in the Late Ordovician, then a short-lived but prominent withdrawal in response to Hirnantian glaciation. Subsequent but decreasingly substantial eustatic highs occurred in the mid-Silurian, near the Middle/Late Devonian boundary, and in the latest Carboniferous. Eustatic lows are recorded in the early Devonian, near the Mississippian/Pennsylvanian boundary, and in the Late Permian. One hundred and seventy-two eustatic events are documented for the Paleozoic, varying in magnitude from a few tens of meters to approximately 125 meters.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1161648",
    doi = "10.1126/science.1161648",
    openalex = "W1998138507",
    references = "crossref1974the, doi1010079783662011416, doi101016c20090644421, doi101111j13652117200800354x, doi101126science1116412, doi101126science1151540, doi101126science1154339, doi1011300016760619637493sitcio20co2, doi10113000167606198495155cotscf20co2, doi101130001676061985961020mogcag20co2, doi102110jsr2008058, doi102113geoarabia1002127"
}

@article{doi101111sed12105,
    author = "Bover‐Arnal, Telm and Salas, R. and Guimerà, Joan and Moreno-Bedmar, Josep Antón",
    title = "Deep incision in an Aptian carbonate succession indicates major sea‐level fall in the Cretaceous",
    year = "2014",
    journal = "Sedimentology",
    abstract = "Abstract Long‐term relative sea‐level cycles (0·5 to 6 Myr) have yet to be fully understood for the Cretaceous. During the Aptian, in the northern Maestrat Basin (Eastern Iberian Peninsula), fault‐controlled subsidence created depositional space, but eustasy governed changes in depositional trends. Relative sea‐level history was reconstructed by sequence stratigraphic analysis. Two forced regressive stages of relative sea‐level were recognized within three depositional sequences. The first stage is late Early Aptian age (intra Dufrenoyia furcata Zone) and is characterized by foreshore to upper shoreface sedimentary wedges, which occur detached from a highstand carbonate platform, and were deposited above basin marls. The amplitude of relative sea‐level drop was in the order of tens of metres, with a duration of 2 km wide and cut ≥115 m down into the underlying Aptian succession. With the subsequent transgression, the incision was backfilled with peritidal to shallow subtidal deposits. The changes in depositional trends, lithofacies evolution and geometric relation of the stratigraphic units characterized are similar to those observed in coeval rocks within the Maestrat Basin, as well as in other correlative basins elsewhere. The pace and magnitude of the two relative sea‐level drops identified fall within the glacio‐eustatic domain. In the Maestrat Basin, terrestrial palynological studies provide evidence that the late Early and Late Aptian climate was cooler than the earliest part of the Early Aptian and the Albian Stage, which were characterized by warmer environmental conditions. The outcrops documented here are significant because they preserve the results of Aptian long‐term sea‐level trends that are often only recognizable on larger scales (i.e. seismic), such as for the Arabian Plate.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12105",
    doi = "10.1111/sed.12105",
    openalex = "W1980022684",
    references = "doi101006cres19990183"
}

@article{doi101016jpalaeo201510045,
    author = "Sames, Benjamin and Wagreich, Michael and Wendler, Jens E and Haq, Bilal U. and Conrad, Clinton P. and Melinte‐Dobrinescu, Mihaela and Hu, Xiumian and Wendler, Ines and Wolfgring, Erik and Yılmaz, İsmail Ömer and Zorina, Svetlana О.",
    title = "Review: Short-term sea-level changes in a greenhouse world — A view from the Cretaceous",
    year = "2015",
    journal = "Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.10.045",
    doi = "10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.10.045",
    openalex = "W1942528694",
    references = "doi1010160012825287900626, doi101016jcretres201112005, doi101016jpalaeo201005036, doi101016jsedgeo200412016, doi101016s0031018203005728, doi101017s0263593300005253, doi1011270078042120110011, doi101130b309291, doi101130b309341, doi105194cp813232012"
}

@article{doi105194essd1015512018,
    author = "Group, WCRP Global Sea Level Budget",
    title = "Global sea-level budget 1993–present",
    year = "2018",
    journal = "Earth system science data",
    abstract = "Abstract. Global mean sea level is an integral of changes occurring in the climate system in response to unforced climate variability as well as natural and anthropogenic forcing factors. Its temporal evolution allows changes (e.g., acceleration) to be detected in one or more components. Study of the sea-level budget provides constraints on missing or poorly known contributions, such as the unsurveyed deep ocean or the still uncertain land water component. In the context of the World Climate Research Programme Grand Challenge entitled Regional Sea Level and Coastal Impacts, an international effort involving the sea-level community worldwide has been recently initiated with the objective of assessing the various datasets used to estimate components of the sea-level budget during the altimetry era (1993 to present). These datasets are based on the combination of a broad range of space-based and in situ observations, model estimates, and algorithms. Evaluating their quality, quantifying uncertainties and identifying sources of discrepancies between component estimates is extremely useful for various applications in climate research. This effort involves several tens of scientists from about 50 research teams/institutions worldwide (www.wcrp-climate.org/grand-challenges/gc-sea-level, last access: 22 August 2018). The results presented in this paper are a synthesis of the first assessment performed during 2017–2018. We present estimates of the altimetry-based global mean sea level (average rate of 3.1 ± 0.3 mm yr−1 and acceleration of 0.1 mm yr−2 over 1993–present), as well as of the different components of the sea-level budget (http://doi.org/10.17882/54854, last access: 22 August 2018). We further examine closure of the sea-level budget, comparing the observed global mean sea level with the sum of components. Ocean thermal expansion, glaciers, Greenland and Antarctica contribute 42 \%, 21 \%, 15 \% and 8 \% to the global mean sea level over the 1993–present period. We also study the sea-level budget over 2005–present, using GRACE-based ocean mass estimates instead of the sum of individual mass components. Our results demonstrate that the global mean sea level can be closed to within 0.3 mm yr−1 (1σ). Substantial uncertainty remains for the land water storage component, as shown when examining individual mass contributions to sea level.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1551-2018",
    doi = "10.5194/essd-10-1551-2018",
    openalex = "W2810491782",
    references = "doi1010022014jb011176, doi1010022015rg000502, doi101007s1071201091004, doi1010292004gl019920, doi101038nature08238, doi101038nclimate1744, doi101071mf14173, doi101126science1059549, doi101126science1099192, doi101126science1128845, doi101126science1228102, doi101126science21545401611, doi101146annurevearth32082503144359, openalexw2939474406"
}

@article{doi101126sciadvaaz1346,
    author = "Miller, Kenneth G. and Browning, James V. and Schmelz, William J. and Kopp, Robert E. and Mountain, Gregory S. and Wright, James D.",
    title = "Cenozoic sea-level and cryospheric evolution from deep-sea geochemical and continental margin records",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Science Advances",
    abstract = {Using Pacific benthic foraminiferal δ 18 O and Mg/Ca records, we derive a Cenozoic (66 Ma) global mean sea level (GMSL) estimate that records evolution from an ice-free Early Eocene to Quaternary bipolar ice sheets. These GMSL estimates are statistically similar to "backstripped" estimates from continental margins accounting for compaction, loading, and thermal subsidence. Peak warmth, elevated GMSL, high CO 2, and ice-free "Hothouse" conditions (56 to 48 Ma) were followed by "Cool Greenhouse" (48 to 34 Ma) ice sheets (10 to 30 m changes). Continental-scale ice sheets ("Icehouse") began \textasciitilde 34 Ma (>50 m changes), permanent East Antarctic ice sheets at 12.8 Ma, and bipolar glaciation at 2.5 Ma. The largest GMSL fall (27 to 20 ka; \textasciitilde 130 m) was followed by a >40 mm/yr rise (19 to 10 ka), a slowing (10 to 2 ka), and a stillstand until \textasciitilde 1900 CE, when rates began to rise. High long-term CO 2 caused warm climates and high sea levels, with sea-level variability dominated by periodic Milankovitch cycles.},
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz1346",
    doi = "10.1126/sciadv.aaz1346",
    openalex = "W3025424653",
    references = "doi101016jgloplacha201312007, doi101016jgloplacha201804004, doi101016jmargeo200502007, doi101016s0277379101001019, doi1010292004pa001071, doi1010292011jc007255, doi10102990jb02015, doi10102996pa00571, doi101029jc082i027p03843, doi101038342637a0, doi101038nature03135, doi101038ncomms14845, doi1010510004636120041335, doi10105100046361201116836, doi10106311671982, doi101126science1059412, doi101126science1116412, doi101126science1133822, doi101126science19442701121, doi101126science23547931156, doi101126science2875451269, doi101126scienceaaa4019, doi1011270078042120120020, doi1011300091761319880160649iolcmb23co2, doi10113008137233291, doi102973dsdpproc291171975, doi105194tc73752013, openalexw3160761443"
}

@article{doi101021acsestair5c00294,
    author = "Ye, Qing and Albores, Isabel S and Frey, Seamus C and Helstrom, Erik and Krechmer, Jordan E and Li, Yaowei and Shutter, Joshua D and Cox, Joshua L and Canagaratna, Manjula R and Keutsch, Frank N and Kroll, Jesse H",
    title = "Changes in Volatile Organic Compound Composition from an Oxidation-Based Air Cleaner.",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "ACS ES\&T air",
    abstract = {Air cleaning devices, or "air cleaners", have the potential to improve indoor air by decreasing levels of air pollutants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), in indoor environments. Many commercial air cleaners aimed at removing VOCs adopt chemically active technologies, such as oxidation-based chemistry, in addition to (or instead of) physical removal. However, these technologies risk forming unwanted oxidation byproducts that may cause adverse health effects, which can offset (or even outweigh) the benefits of decreasing the number of VOCs. Studies characterizing byproduct formation are generally limited; most such studies were restricted to a single or a few model VOC species as challenge compounds. The composition of indoor air, however, can be highly complex, containing a variety of VOC classes that may not be well represented by a few model species. Here, we present a case study in which we challenge an oxidation-based air cleaner (which uses photoelectrochemical oxidation) with a real-world VOC mixture emitted from spraying a commercial air freshener. This mixture contains a complex suite of organic compounds commonly found in indoor environments, including organic solvents (most importantly ethanol), fragrance agents, and other hydrocarbons and oxygenates of various molecular sizes. Experiments were conducted in a controlled environmental chamber with a suite of real-time analytical instruments to measure the identity and concentration of a wide range of VOCs. We find that the VOC composition changes drastically within a few hours due to running the air cleaner, characterized by the decrease in ethanol and large species (those with 4 or more carbon atoms) and the formation of C1-C3 oxygenated byproducts; no large oxidation products are observed. A substantial fraction of ethanol (and possibly other VOCs) is converted to acetaldehyde and formaldehyde, whose levels were observed to increase over the course of several hours during the operation of the air cleaner. Our results suggest the importance of ethanol, a ubiquitous VOC in indoor air, in evaluating the benefits and risks of indoor air cleaners, as ethanol can be efficiently oxidized to byproducts known to negatively impact human health.},
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12707345/",
    doi = "10.1021/acsestair.5c00294",
    openalex = "W4417497384",
    pmcid = "PMC12707345",
    pmid = "41409462",
    references = "doi101016jatmosenv200901034, doi101016s0168117697002814, doi101016s1387380602008965, doi101021ac061249n, doi101021acsanalchem8b02641, doi101021es203985t, doi101038sjjea7500165, doi101111j160006681994t01200007x, doi101111j16000668200500414x, openalexw2109419617"
}

@article{doi101002gps70198,
    author = "Giebel, Clarissa and Poole, Marie and Talbot, Catherine and Chadborn, Neil and Brookes, Nadia and Samsi, Kritika and Clarkson, Paul and Cannon, Jacqui and Gabbay, Mark and Hanna, Kerry and Komuravelli, Aravind and Rozansky, Deborah and Tetlow, Hilary and Walpert, Madeleine and Whittington, Rosie and Williams, Emma and Robinson, Louise",
    title = "Finding Solutions to Addressing Inequalities in Dementia Diagnosis and Care: Recommendations From a Country-Wide Consultation.",
    year = "2026",
    journal = "International journal of geriatric psychiatry",
    abstract = "BACKGROUND: Accessing a diagnosis and receiving adequate care and support for dementia can often be subject to various inequalities. Personal-, community-, and infrastructure-level factors can contribute to and often intersect in causing unequal health and care outcomes. With a paucity of evidence to inform solutions for dementia inequalities, the aim of this public consultation exercise was to explore potential solutions to inequalities in dementia diagnosis and care with different dementia stakeholders. METHODS: Utilising a future workshop approach, we conducted 11 in-person and remote consultation workshops to discuss experienced barriers of accessing diagnosis and care; discuss an ideal-world scenario where no barriers exist; and solutions to reach more equitable dementia diagnosis and care with people with dementia, unpaid carers, health and social care professionals, and third sector representatives. Discussions were synthesised by the research team and one public consultation group and mapped against the Dementia Inequalities model. RESULTS: A total of 131 different stakeholders in dementia attended 11 workshops across England. Solutions were identified across three layers of inequalities, with the majority of solutions proposed on a community and infrastructure level. Examples included link workers, a social care career pathway, Community Champions, adequate home equipment, and digital training. Some solutions require Governmental input, such as creating career pathways in the social care workforce, similar to the NHS, to train and maintain good paid carers, as well as a cross-UK national dementia strategy raising the priority of dementia and required changes. CONCLUSIONS: Dementia inequalities could be addressed via diverse and holistic approaches. With limited evidence to date on the impact of some of the proposed solutions, future research needs to build on these recommendations and design and test suitable interventions.",
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12937926/",
    doi = "10.1002/gps.70198",
    openalex = "W7131706963",
    pmcid = "PMC12937926",
    pmid = "41744366"
}

@article{doi1010801479669420252609979,
    author = "Nguyen, Marvin and Shah, Ruchit and Apple, Jon and John, William and Lucht, Sarah and Paydar, Caleb and Pathak, Prathamesh and Allen-Van Doren, Bryce A and Ahlquist, Monica and Laney, JaLyna and Feinberg, Bruce",
    title = "Real-world management of oral mucositis/stomatitis among patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or breast cancer (BC).",
    year = "2026",
    journal = "Future oncology (London, England)",
    abstract = "AIMS: To describe United States real-world oral mucositis/stomatitis (OM/S) management for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or breast cancer (BC) and document physician awareness of OM/S guidelines, risk factors, and barriers to care. PATIENTS \& METHODS: This study included a cross-sectional physician survey and retrospective chart review. Physicians completed an electronic survey and abstracted chart data for patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC or BC who developed treatment-related OM/S on or after 1 January 2021. RESULTS: Thirty-one physicians abstracted data for 272 patients (146 NSCLC; 126 BC). Median patient age at OM/S event was 66.2 years (NSCLC) and 61.6 years (BC). Systemic treatments included chemotherapy (NSCLC: 86.3\%; BC: 67.5\%), immunotherapy (NSCLC: 56.8\%; BC: 10.3\%), and targeted therapy (NSCLC: 9.6\%; BC: 46.8\%). OM/S-related treatment changes (reduction/interruption/discontinuation) were reported in 20.5\% and 35.7\% of patients with NSCLC or BC, respectively. A majority of physicians (61.3\%) were unaware of published OM/S management guidelines. Physicians identified poor oral hygiene (80.6\%) and limited physician awareness of OM/S guidelines (71.0\%) as barriers to OM/S management. CONCLUSIONS: OM/S occurs across cancer treatment regimens and can lead to treatment modification. Improvements in OM/S management at the patient and provider level are needed to enhance care and improve clinical outcomes.",
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12802982/",
    doi = "10.1080/14796694.2025.2609979",
    openalex = "W7118468228",
    pmcid = "PMC12802982",
    pmid = "41504307",
    references = "doi101002cncr20162, doi101002cncr33100, doi101016jannonc2020082100, doi101016s1470204517301092, doi101056nejm198101013040103, doi101056nejmoa1612674, doi101056nejmoa2306434, doi101186s13046020017157, doi101200jco2012442806, doi101200jop1900652"
}