@article{lyburn1916economic,
    author = "LYBURN, E. ST. JOHN",
    title = "Economic Geology and an Imperial Bureau of Scientific Intelligence",
    year = "1916",
    journal = "Nature",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/097380c0",
    doi = "10.1038/097380c0",
    number = "2436",
    openalex = "W2136246119",
    pages = "380-380",
    volume = "97"
}

@article{elles1922the,
    author = "Elles, Gertrude L.",
    title = "The graptolite faunas of the British Isles",
    year = "1922",
    journal = "Proceedings of the Geologists' Association",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(22)80007-9",
    doi = "10.1016/s0016-7878(22)80007-9",
    number = "3",
    openalex = "W2090934660",
    pages = "168-IN1",
    volume = "33"
}

@article{lindström1957two,
    author = "Lindström, Maurits",
    title = "Two Ordovician Conodont Faunas found with Zonal Graptolites",
    year = "1957",
    journal = "Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/11035895709447171",
    doi = "10.1080/11035895709447171",
    number = "2",
    openalex = "W2050541876",
    pages = "161-178",
    volume = "79",
    references = "doi101017s0016756800073131, doi101017s0016756800074513, doi10108011035895109452863, doi10108011035895209454161, doi10108011035895309454852, doi10108011035895409453581, doi10108011035895509453602, doi101098rstb19530005, doi101130gsab46125, openalexw2613872405"
}

@book{berry1960graptolite1,
    author = "Berry, W. B. N",
    title = "Graptolite faunas of the Marathon region, west Texas, Publication 6005 of University of Texas Bureau of Economic Geology",
    year = "1960",
    publisher = "Austin, Texas, 179 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Berry, W. B. N., 1960, Graptolite faunas of the Marathon region, west Texas, Publication 6005 of University of Texas Bureau of Economic Geology: Austin, Texas, 179 p.}"
}

@misc{bulman1970graptolithina2,
    author = "Bulman, O. M. B",
    title = "Graptolithina, 2nd. ed., p. V1-V163, in Teichert, C., ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology [2nd ed.]",
    year = "1970",
    howpublished = "p. V1-V163",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bulman, O. M. B., 1970, Graptolithina, 2nd. ed., p. V1-V163, in Teichert, C., ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology [2nd ed.]: p. V1-V163.}"
}

@article{beavis1975ordovician,
    author = "Beavis, F. C.",
    title = "Ordovician graptolite faunas in Australia",
    year = "1975",
    journal = "Journal of the Geological Society of Australia",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00167617508728910",
    doi = "10.1080/00167617508728910",
    number = "4",
    openalex = "W1986806897",
    pages = "447-455",
    volume = "22",
    references = "elles1922the"
}

@article{kouda1983bureau,
    author = "KOUDA, Ryoichi",
    title = "Bureau of Economic Geology-Texas University (1)-",
    year = "1983",
    journal = "Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.3720/japt.48.190",
    doi = "10.3720/japt.48.190",
    number = "2",
    openalex = "W1485481960",
    pages = "190-194",
    volume = "48"
}

@article{bates1986mode,
    author = "Bates, D. E. B. and Kirk, N. H.",
    title = "Mode of secretion of graptolite periderm, in normal and retiolite graptolites",
    year = "1986",
    journal = "Geological Society, London, Special Publications",
    abstract = "Summary The construction of graptolite periderm is discussed with particular reference to the rival extra-thecal tissue (secretion) and pterobranch (mortaring) models, and it is concluded that only the former model fits the observed structures. Evidence from a number of retiolite graptoloids demonstrates that they also have a continuous periderm, and were constructed in a similar manner.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1986.020.01.23",
    doi = "10.1144/gsl.sp.1986.020.01.23",
    number = "1",
    openalex = "W2037716101",
    pages = "221-236",
    volume = "20",
    references = "doi101007bf02985886, doi101007bf02986602, doi101017s0016756800065638, doi101111j1469185x1975tb01059x, doi101111j150239311974tb00887x, doi105479si00810266201, openalexw2102242747, openalexw3025073342, openalexw779408441, openalexw876491636"
}

@article{doi101139e88039,
    author = "Lenz, Alfred C.",
    title = "Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian graptolites and graptolite biostratigraphy, northern Yukon, Canada",
    year = "1988",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences",
    abstract = "Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian graptolite biostratigraphy of the northern Canadian Cordillera is revised in the light of new data. The zones, listed in order of oldest to youngest, are Lobograptus progenitor, Saetograptus fritschi linearis, and Bohemograptus bohemicus tenuis: Ludlow; Monograptus formosus, Pristiograptus ultimus, Pristiograptus chelmiensis, Monograptus bouceki, and Pristiograptus transgrediens praecipuus: Pridoli; Monograptus uniformis and M. hercynicus: Lochkov; and Monograptus falcarius?, M. fanicus, M. thomasi?, and M. yukonensis: Prag.The following taxa, inclusive of new species, are described: Pristiograptus separabilis Teller, Pseudomonoclimacis tetlitensis n. sp., P. richardsonensis n. sp., P.? bispinosus n. sp., Monograptus ceratus n. sp., M. aequabilis bardoensis Porebska, M. cf. anerosus Koren', M. fanicus Koren', M. hercynicus hercynicus Perner, M. uniformis parangustidens Jackson and Lenz, Saetograptus fritschi linearis (Bouček), and Abiesgraptus? sp.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/e88-039",
    doi = "10.1139/e88-039",
    openalex = "W2157305392"
}

@article{lenz1995upper,
    author = "Lenz, Alfred C.",
    title = "Upper Homerian (Wenlock, Silurian) graptolites and graptolite biostratigraphy, Arctic Archipelago, Canada",
    year = "1995",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences",
    abstract = {Integration of graptolite data obtained from isolated and flattened material from Arctic Canada permits the recognition of three upper Homerian biostratigraphic zones. These, from oldest to youngest, are the Pristiograptus dubius – Gothograptus "nassa" interval Biozone, Colonograptus? praedeubeli – Colonograptus? deubeli Biozone, and Colonograptus? ludensis Biozone. Species of flattened graptolites described in this study include C.? deubeli, C.? ludensis, C.? praedeubeli, Colonograptus? schedidoneus,Lobograptus? angustus n.sp., Lobograptus? claudiae, Lobograptus? sherrardae, Plectograptus macilentus, Agastograptus clathrospinosus, and Gothograptus "nassa." With only a few exceptions, the zone-by-zone diversity of monograptid and plectograptine graptolites of the Canadian Arctic is remarkably similar to that elsewhere.},
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/e95-111",
    doi = "10.1139/e95-111",
    number = "9",
    openalex = "W2059777415",
    pages = "1378-1392",
    volume = "32",
    references = "doi101002gj3350110205, doi101002gj3350290204, doi101017s0263593300005320, doi101111j150239311987tb02055x, doi101127njgpa1821991303, doi101306st6398c26, doi103176geol1991206, openalexw2097059819, openalexw648338226, openalexw876491636"
}

@article{rickards2002lazarus,
    author = "RICKARDS, R. B. and WRIGHT, A. J.",
    title = "Lazarus taxa, refugia and relict faunas: evidence from graptolites",
    year = "2002",
    journal = "Journal of the Geological Society",
    abstract = "Lazarus taxa are considered to be end members of a common phenomenon and their usefulness is questioned. Mass extinctions are survived by a small number of evolutionary lineages, which give rise to the increase in biodiversity during the recovery phase; and by a small number of species which survived in geographically small, isolated refugia, perhaps marginal to the main environment in crisis. Refugia may give rise to relict faunas, as in the case of early Ludlow graptolites of New South Wales, Australia, but most elements of a relict fauna are short-lived in evolutionary terms.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-764901058",
    doi = "10.1144/0016-764901058",
    number = "1",
    openalex = "W1999225459",
    pages = "1-4",
    volume = "159",
    references = "doi101017s0094837300007776, doi10103835004564, doi10108010292389309380442, doi101093oso97801985491780010001, doi101126science2314734129, doi101144gsjgs15630453, doi1023072413376, doi1023073515466, openalexw1522518756, openalexw658437845"
}

@article{lenz2013early,
    author = "Lenz, Alfred C.",
    title = "Early Devonian graptolites and graptolite biostratigraphy, Arctic Islands, Canada",
    year = "2013",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences",
    abstract = "The Early Devonian graptolite fauna of the Arctic Islands comprises the highest species content (17 species) in the world. In spite of this richness, no new species have been recognized; instead already-existing species, scattered around the then-known continents, suggest that relatively complete cosmopolitanism held sway for graptolites. Canadian Arctic biozonation is very similar to schemes elsewhere, consisting of the uniformis and hercynicus biozones in the Lochkovian, falcarius in the lower Pragian, and an expanded yukonensis Biozone in the upper Pragian and the lower Emsian. Three genera and 17 species are recognized: “Monograptus” (microdon cf. microdon, microdon curvatus); Neomonograptus (cf. atopus, aequabilis, bardoensis, falcarius, notoaequabilis); and Uncinatograptus (birchensis, craigensis, hercynicus, langgunensis, parangustidens, subhercynicus, telleri, thomasi, uniformis, yukonensis).",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2013-0057",
    doi = "10.1139/cjes-2013-0057",
    number = "11",
    openalex = "W1843710198",
    pages = "1097-1115",
    volume = "50",
    references = "doi101016s0031018297000485, doi101038210356c0, doi101111j150239311996tb01837x, doi101130001676061971823263tacooe20co2, doi1011399780660193267, doi101139e88039, doi101306bc74375716be11d78645000102c1865d, openalexw1551600472, openalexw2751580477, openalexw648338226"
}