@inproceedings{barrington1936proteolytic2,
    author = "Barrington, E. J. W",
    title = "Proteolytic digestion and the problem of the pancreas in Lampetra",
    year = "1936",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B, v. 121, p. 221-232",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Barrington, E. J. W., 1936, Proteolytic digestion and the problem of the pancreas in Lampetra: Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B, v. 121, p. 221-232.}"
}

@article{steven1950some16,
    author = "Steven, D. M",
    title = "Some properties of the photoreceptors of the brook lamprey",
    year = "1950",
    journal = "Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 27, p. 350-364",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Steven, D. M., 1950, Some properties of the photoreceptors of the brook lamprey: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 27, p. 350-364.}"
}

@misc{kleerekoper1956spike8,
    author = "Kleerekoper, H. and Sibakin, K",
    title = "Spike potentials produced by the sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus) in the water surrounding the head region",
    year = "1956",
    howpublished = "Nature, v. 178, p. 490-491",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kleerekoper, H., and Sibakin, K., 1956, Spike potentials produced by the sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus) in the water surrounding the head region: Nature, v. 178, p. 490-491.}"
}

@article{steven1963the17,
    author = "Steven, D. M",
    title = "The dermal light sense",
    year = "1963",
    journal = "Biological Reviews, v. 38, p. 204-239",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Steven, D. M., 1963, The dermal light sense: Biological Reviews, v. 38, p. 204-239.}"
}

@inproceedings{lowenstein1968the10,
    author = "Lowenstein, O. and Osborne, M. P. and Thornhill, R. A",
    title = "The anatomy and ultrastructure of the labyrinth of the lamprey ( Lampetra fluviatilis L.)",
    year = "1968",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B, v. 170, p. 113-134",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Lowenstein, O., Osborne, M. P., and Thornhill, R. A., 1968, The anatomy and ultrastructure of the labyrinth of the lamprey ( Lampetra fluviatilis L.): Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B, v. 170, p. 113-134.}"
}

@book{bardack1971lampreys1,
    author = "Bardack, D. and Langerl, R",
    title = "Lampreys in the Fossil Record, in Hardisty, M. W., and Potter, I. C., eds., The Biology of Lampreys",
    year = "1971",
    publisher = "London, Academic Press, p. 67-84",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bardack, D., and Langerl, R., 1971, Lampreys in the Fossil Record, in Hardisty, M. W., and Potter, I. C., eds., The Biology of Lampreys: London, Academic Press, p. 67-84.}"
}

@book{hardisty197119726,
    author = "Hardisty, M. W. and Potter, I. C",
    title = "1972, The Biology of Lampreys",
    year = "1971",
    publisher = "London, Academic Press, v. 1 and 2",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hardisty, M. W., and Potter, I. C., 1971, 1972, The Biology of Lampreys: London, Academic Press, v. 1 and 2.}"
}

@book{hardisty1971the5,
    author = "Hardisty, M. W. and Potter, I. C",
    title = "The General Biology of Adult Lampreys, in Hardisty, M. W., and Potter, I. C., eds., The Biology of Lampreys",
    year = "1971",
    publisher = "London, Academic Press, v. 1, p. 127-206",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hardisty, M. W., and Potter, I. C., 1971, The General Biology of Adult Lampreys, in Hardisty, M. W., and Potter, I. C., eds., The Biology of Lampreys: London, Academic Press, v. 1, p. 127-206.}"
}

@book{hubbs1971distribution7,
    author = "Hubbs, C. L. and Potter, I. C",
    title = "Distribution, Phylogeny and Taxonomy, in Hardisty, M. W., and Potter, I. C., eds., The Biology of Lampreys",
    year = "1971",
    publisher = "London, Academic Press, v. 1, p. 1-65",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hubbs, C. L., and Potter, I. C., 1971, Distribution, Phylogeny and Taxonomy, in Hardisty, M. W., and Potter, I. C., eds., The Biology of Lampreys: London, Academic Press, v. 1, p. 1-65.}"
}

@article{s2522e89b206dcef1faa818cebc227e9edba3ab01b,
    author = "Hardisty, M. W. and Potter, I.",
    title = "The general biology of adult lampreys",
    year = "1971",
    booktitle = "Murdoch Research Repository (Murdoch University)",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/522e89b206dcef1faa818cebc227e9edba3ab01b",
    is_oa = "true",
    openalex = "W84444040",
    semanticscholar_citation_count = "295",
    semanticscholar_id = "522e89b206dcef1faa818cebc227e9edba3ab01b"
}

@article{atz1972jawless,
    author = "Atz, James W.",
    title = "Jawless Vertebrates: The Biology of Lampreys. Vol. 1. M. W. Hardisty and I. C. Potter, Eds. Academic Press, New York, 1971. xiv, 424 pp., illus. $22.50.",
    year = "1972",
    journal = "Science",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.176.4042.1409-a",
    doi = "10.1126/science.176.4042.1409-a",
    number = "4042",
    pages = "1409-1409",
    volume = "176"
}

@article{atz1972the,
    author = "Atz, J. W.",
    title = "The Biology Of Lampreys. Vol. 1. M. W. Hardisty and I. C. Potter, Eds. Academic Press, New York, 1971. xiv, 424 pp., illus. $22.50",
    year = "1972",
    journal = "Science",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.176.4042.1409",
    doi = "10.1126/science.176.4042.1409",
    number = "4042",
    pages = "1409-1409",
    volume = "176"
}

@book{eddy1972the3,
    author = "Eddy, J. M. P",
    title = "The Pineal Complex, in Hardisty, M. W., and Potter, I. C., eds., The Biology of Lampreys",
    year = "1972",
    publisher = "London, Academic Press, v. 2, p. 91-103",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Eddy, J. M. P., 1972, The Pineal Complex, in Hardisty, M. W., and Potter, I. C., eds., The Biology of Lampreys: London, Academic Press, v. 2, p. 91-103.}"
}

@book{larsen1972adenohypophysis9,
    author = "Larsen, L. O. and Rothwell, B",
    title = "Adenohypophysis, in Hardisty, M. W., and Potter, I. C., eds., The Biology of Lampreys",
    year = "1972",
    publisher = "London, Academic Press, v. 2, p. 1-67",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Larsen, L. O., and Rothwell, B., 1972, Adenohypophysis, in Hardisty, M. W., and Potter, I. C., eds., The Biology of Lampreys: London, Academic Press, v. 2, p. 1-67.}"
}

@book{sterba1972nuero15,
    author = "Sterba, G",
    title = "Nuero- and Gliasecretion, in Hardisty, M. W., and Potter, I. C., eds., The Biology of Lampreys",
    year = "1972",
    publisher = "London, Academic Press, v. 2, p. 69- 89",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Sterba, G., 1972, Nuero- and Gliasecretion, in Hardisty, M. W., and Potter, I. C., eds., The Biology of Lampreys: London, Academic Press, v. 2, p. 69- 89.}"
}

@article{williams1973the,
    author = "Williams, George C.",
    title = "The Biology of Lampreys. Volume 1. M. W. Hardisty, I. C. Potter The Biology of Lampreys. Volume 2. M. W. Hardisty, I. C. Potter",
    year = "1973",
    journal = "The Quarterly Review of Biology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1086/407548",
    doi = "10.1086/407548",
    number = "1, Part 1",
    pages = "46-46",
    volume = "48"
}

@article{caspers1974m,
    author = "Caspers, H.",
    title = "M. W. Hardisty and I. C. Potter (Editors): The Biology of Lampreys. Volume 2, 466 pp. London‐New York: Academic Press 1972, $ 6.00, US $ 18.50",
    year = "1974",
    journal = "Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19740590424",
    doi = "10.1002/iroh.19740590424",
    number = "4",
    pages = "583-583",
    volume = "59"
}

@article{rovainen1974synaptic12,
    author = "Rovainen, C. M",
    title = "Synaptic interactions of identified nerve cells in the spinal cord of the sea lamprey",
    year = "1974",
    journal = "Journal of Comparative Neurology, v. 154, p. 189-206",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Rovainen, C. M., 1974, Synaptic interactions of identified nerve cells in the spinal cord of the sea lamprey: Journal of Comparative Neurology, v. 154, p. 189-206.}"
}

@article{rovainen1976vestibuloocular13,
    author = "Rovainen, C. M",
    title = "Vestibulo-ocular reflexes in the adult sea lamprey",
    year = "1976",
    journal = "Journal of Comparative Physiology, v. 112, p. 159-164",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Rovainen, C. M., 1976, Vestibulo-ocular reflexes in the adult sea lamprey: Journal of Comparative Physiology, v. 112, p. 159-164.}"
}

@inproceedings{whiting1977cranial18,
    author = "Whiting, H. P",
    title = "Cranial Anatomy of the Ostracoderms in Relation to the Organisation of Larval Lampreys, in Andrews, S. M., Miles, R. S., and Walker, A. D., eds., Problems in Vertebrate Evolution",
    year = "1977",
    booktitle = "Essays Presented to Professor T.S. Westoll, F.R.S., F.L.S, 4 of Linnean Society Symposium Series: London, Academic Press, p. 1-23",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Whiting, H. P., 1977, Cranial Anatomy of the Ostracoderms in Relation to the Organisation of Larval Lampreys, in Andrews, S. M., Miles, R. S., and Walker, A. D., eds., Problems in Vertebrate Evolution: Essays Presented to Professor T.S. Westoll, F.R.S., F.L.S, 4 of Linnean Society Symposium Series: London, Academic Press, p. 1-23.}"
}

@misc{halstead1979internal4,
    author = "Halstead, L. B",
    title = "Internal anatomy of the polybranchiaspids (Agnatha, Galeaspida)",
    year = "1979",
    howpublished = "Nature, v. 282, p. 833-836",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Halstead, L. B., 1979, Internal anatomy of the polybranchiaspids (Agnatha, Galeaspida): Nature, v. 282, p. 833-836.}"
}

@techreport{morman1979distribution11,
    author = "Morman, R. H",
    title = "Distribution and ecology of lampreys in the lower peninsula of Michigan, 1957-1975",
    year = "1979",
    howpublished = "Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Technical Report No. 33, 59 pp",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Morman, R. H., 1979, Distribution and ecology of lampreys in the lower peninsula of Michigan, 1957-1975. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Technical Report No. 33, 59 pp.}"
}

@article{rovainen1979neurobiology14,
    author = "Rovainen, C. M",
    title = "Neurobiology of lampreys",
    year = "1979",
    journal = "Physiological Reviews, v. 59, p. 1007-1077",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Rovainen, C. M., 1979, Neurobiology of lampreys: Physiological Reviews, v. 59, p. 1007-1077.}"
}

@article{doi101139f80232,
    author = "Beamish, Richard J.",
    title = "Adult Biology of the River Lamprey (Lampetra ayresi) and the Pacific Lamprey (Lampetra tridentate) from the Pacific Coast of Canada",
    year = "1980",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences",
    abstract = "River lamprey (Lampetra ayresi) metamorphose in late July with downstream migration occurring in the following year from May to July. Once adults enter salt water they begin to feed immediately by consuming chunks of flesh primarily from herring and young salmon. From June until September they increase in size by an estimated 11–14 cm and 12–18 g. In 1975, 667 000 lamprey were estimated to be in the Strait of Georgia resulting in the deaths of 60 000-000 juvenile fish. Between September and late winter river lamprey return to freshwater. Spawning occurs in the spring, from April to June and adults die after spawning. The length of adult life from the onset of metamorphosis until death following spawning is 2 yr. Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) begin metamorphosis in July and the known period of entry into salt water is from December until June. Feeding can commence in freshwater or salt water by mid-October. Pacific lamprey move into water deeper than 20–70 m and are present in all major fishing grounds off Canada's west coast. A relatively high incidence of lamprey attacks has been observed on sockeye and pink salmon that are aggregating in preparation to return to freshwater. The smallest mature or maturing pacific lamprey found in this study measured 16 cm and the largest measured 72 cm. Adults may spend [Formula: see text] in salt water before returning to freshwater from April to June and completing their upstream migrations by late September. Stocks that return in the spring exhibit exceptional migratory instincts often migrating considerable distances in freshwater to the uppermost regions of tributary streams before they spawn from April to July in the following year. After entry into freshwater and prior to spawning, adults shrink in length by approximately 20\%. The average life span from the onset of metamorphosis until death following spawning probably is 5 yr. A nonanadromous form that appears to be a new species exists in lakes and attacks a large percentage of resident salmonids.Key words: Pacific lamprey, river lamprey, life history, fish parasites, Pacific fishes",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/f80-232",
    doi = "10.1139/f80-232",
    openalex = "W2142573792"
}

@article{doi101139f80233,
    author = "Beamish, F. W. H.",
    title = "Biology of the North American Anadromous Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon marinus",
    year = "1980",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences",
    abstract = "The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the western Atlantic Ocean adjacent to North America is usually found within a depth of 200 m between latitudes of 30 and 53°. Spawning size lampreys have been recorded in 116 rivers between 32 and 48° latitude. The upstream spawning migration which may extend to several hundred kilometres, takes place between March and September, the actual time varying directly with latitude. Fecundity of the anadromous P. marinus (approximately 124 000–305 000) is the highest for any lamprey species. Energy requirements for migration and reproduction are discussed in the context of parental investment. The larval phase lasts 6–8 yr and is followed by a highly synchronous period of metamorphosis. On completion of metamorphosis in late autumn some juveniles migrate downstream to the estuary or ocean and commence feeding. In at least some rivers, a portion of the young juveniles overwinter in the natal stream without feeding. Subsequent to a short feeding period in May these young juveniles leave the river for the sea. Sea lampreys attack a variety of marine elasmobranchs and teleosts. Only swordfish, Xiphias gladius, and striped bass, Roccus saxatilis, are reported to eat lampreys. During the marine interval, which lasts from 23 to 28 mo, the calculated instantaneous growth rate is 0.645–0.785 g∙d −1. Lamprey scarring frequency on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in the St. John River, New Brunswick, increased from 2.6 to 15.0\% between 1972 and 1975 coincident with a dramatic rise in the number of migrant salmonids. Scars were most prevalent on larger salmon, particularly females. Most scars were recorded on the right side of salmon, particularly in the ventral regions.Key words: sea lamprey, Atlantic Ocean, distribution, life cycle, growth, energetics, fecundity",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/f80-233",
    doi = "10.1139/f80-233",
    openalex = "W2165645847"
}

@article{farmer1980biology,
    author = "Farmer, G. J.",
    title = "Biology and Physiology of Feeding in Adult Lampreys",
    year = "1980",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences",
    abstract = "Although landlocked sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) attack all but a few of the smallest teleosts in the Great Lakes, the large cold-water species have received the most predation. Information on the feeding habits of anadromous lampreys is limited, but they probably are not specific in their choice of hosts. Species differences exist in the relative proportions of blood and muscle tissue which are consumed. The landlocked sea lamprey primarily feeds on the blood of host fishes at rates of 3–30\% of its wet body weight∙d −1 (10 °C). The estimated gross conversion efficiency for this species feeding ad libitum at 10 °C is 39\%. This relatively high efficiency is partly attributable to the nature of their blood diet which results in small fecal energy losses of about 3.4\% of intake energy. Maximum growth rates occur at 20 °C for sea lampreys of 10–30 g initial weight and at 15 °C for lampreys of 30–90 g. At all experimental temperatures (5–20 °C), growth rates decline with increases in lamprey weight. Increases in sea lamprey weight and in water temperature up to 20 °C cause the rate of host mortality to rise suggesting that, under natural conditions, mortality is seasonal. Landlocked sea lampreys show a preference for specific areas on their hosts, select larger hosts more frequently, and are not attracted to hosts that have lampreys feeding on them. Such strategies serve to maximize food intake and prolong host survival while ensuring food material of constant energy content.Key words: adult lampreys, feeding, hosts, growth rate, temperature, host mortality, behavior",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/f80-220",
    doi = "10.1139/f80-220",
    number = "11",
    openalex = "W2044489675",
    pages = "1751-1761",
    volume = "37"
}

@article{crossref1984the,
    title = "The Biology of Lampreys. Volume 3, 4A, and 4B. M. W. Hardisty, I. C. Potter",
    year = "1984",
    journal = "The Quarterly Review of Biology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1086/413975",
    doi = "10.1086/413975",
    number = "3",
    pages = "343-343",
    volume = "59"
}

@article{doi101085jgp1055569,
    author = "Li, Wenjun and Sorensen, Peter W. and Gallaher, Daniel D.",
    title = "The olfactory system of migratory adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is specifically and acutely sensitive to unique bile acids released by conspecific larvae.",
    year = "1995",
    journal = "The Journal of General Physiology",
    abstract = "Larval sea lamprey inhabit freshwater streams and migrate to oceans or lakes to feed after a radical metamorphosis; subsequently, mature adults return to streams to spawn. Previous observations suggested that lamprey utilize the odor of conspecific larvae to select streams for spawning. Here we report biochemical and electrophysiological evidence that this odor is comprised of two unique bile acids released by larvae. High performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry demonstrated that larval sea lamprey produce and release two unique bile acids, allocholic acid (ACA) and petromyzonol sulfate (PS). Electro-olfactogram (EOG) recording also demonstrated that the olfactory system of migratory adult sea lamprey is acutely and specifically sensitive to ACA and PS; detection thresholds for these compounds were approximately 10(-12) M. ACA and PS were the most potent of 38 bile acids tested and cross-adaptation experiments suggested that adult sea lamprey have specific olfactory receptor sites associated with independent signal transduction pathways for these bile acids. These receptor sites specifically recognize the key substituents of ACA and PS such as a 5 alpha-hydrogen, three axial hydroxyls, and a C-24 sulfate ester or carboxyl. In conclusion, the unique lamprey bile acids, ACA and PS, are potent and specific stimulants of the adult olfactory system, strongly supporting the hypothesis that these unique bile acids function as migratory pheromones in lamprey.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.105.5.569",
    doi = "10.1085/jgp.105.5.569",
    openalex = "W2134747272"
}

@article{doi1015771548865920021310956peoapl20co2,
    author = "Moser, Mary L. and Ocker, Paul A. and Stuehrenberg, Lowell C. and Bjornn, T. C.",
    title = "Passage Efficiency of Adult Pacific Lampreys at Hydropower Dams on the Lower Columbia River, USA",
    year = "2002",
    journal = "Transactions of the American Fisheries Society",
    abstract = "Hydropower dams in the lower Columbia River may contribute to declines in the populations of anadromous Pacific lamprey Lampetra tridentata by limiting access to historical spawning locations. To identify obstacles to migration, we documented the movements of radio-tagged adult Pacific lampreys in specific areas of fishways (entrances, collection channels, transition areas, ladders, and counting stations) at the first three dams they encounter as they move upstream (Bonneville, The Dalles, and John Day). From 1997 to 2000, 147-299 radio-tagged lampreys were released downstream from Bonneville Dam. In 1997 and 2000, we also moved 50 radio-tagged lampreys each year to positions upstream from Bonneville Dam to assess the passage success of fish that had not passed through an entire fishway (i.e., “naive fish”). The passage efficiency of lampreys at Bonneville Dam was 38-47\%, and the median time required to pass over the dam ranged from 4.4 to 5.7 d. In contrast, 50-82\% of the lampreys passed over The Dalles Dam in each year, and passage times ranged from 2.0 to 4.0 d. Passage efficiency was lowest at John Day Dam, but that estimate was based on relatively few fish. After entering the fishways, lampreys had the greatest difficulty (1) negotiating collection channels and transition areas that lacked attachment sites and (2) passing through the Bonneville Dam counting stations. Unexpectedly high passage success was documented in the ladders, where maximum current velocities could exceed 2.4 m/s. We found no evidence that lampreys released downstream from Bonneville Dam had higher passage success at The Dalles Dam than naive fish. In each year up to 60\% of the lampreys made multiple entrances at the fishways, indicating that lampreys persistently attempted to pass upstream. Dams in the lower Columbia River impede adult Pacific lamprey migration, and only 3\% of the fish we tagged reached areas above John Day Dam.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0956:peoapl>2.0.co;2",
    doi = "10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0956:peoapl>2.0.co;2",
    openalex = "W2063574228",
    references = "doi101139f80232"
}

@article{doi101242jeb01157,
    author = "Bartels, H. and Potter, I. C.",
    title = "Cellular composition and ultrastructure of the gill epithelium of larval and adult lampreys",
    year = "2004",
    journal = "Journal of Experimental Biology",
    abstract = "Lampreys, one of the only two surviving groups of agnathan (jawless) vertebrates, contain several anadromous species that, during their life cycle, thus migrate from fresh to seawater and back to freshwater. Lampreys have independently evolved the same overall osmoregulatory mechanisms as the gnathostomatous (jawed) and distantly related teleost fishes. Lamprey gills thus likewise play a central role in taking up and secreting monovalent ions. However, the ultrastructural characteristics and distribution of their epithelial cell types [ammocoete mitochondria-rich (MR) cell, intercalated MR cell, chloride cell and pavement cell] differ in several respects from those of teleosts. The ultrastructural characteristics of these cells are distinctive and closely resemble those of certain ion-transporting epithelia in other vertebrates, for which the function has been determined. The data on each cell type, together with the stage in the life cycle at which it is found, i.e. whether in fresh or seawater, enable the following proposals to be made regarding the ways in which lampreys use their gill epithelial cells for osmoregulating in hypo- and hypertonic environments. In freshwater, the intercalated MR cell takes up Cl- and secretes H+, thereby facilitating the uptake of Na+ through pavement cells. In seawater, the chloride cell uses a secondarily active transcellular transport of Cl- to provide the driving force for the passive movement of Na+ through leaky paracellular pathways between these cells.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01157",
    doi = "10.1242/jeb.01157",
    openalex = "W2164802220",
    references = "doi101111j146979981987tb05966x, doi101111j1768322x1989tb00830x"
}

@article{docker2008hardisty,
    author = "Docker, Margaret F.",
    title = "Hardisty shares his final thoughts on lampreys",
    year = "2008",
    journal = "Environmental Biology of Fishes",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-007-9245-2",
    doi = "10.1007/s10641-007-9245-2",
    number = "1",
    pages = "11-15",
    volume = "82"
}

@article{doi101577154884463512580,
    author = "Clemens, Benjamin J. and Binder, Thomas R. and Docker, Margaret F. and Moser, Mary L. and Sower, Stacia A.",
    title = "Similarities, Differences, and Unknowns in Biology and Management of Three Parasitic Lampreys of North America",
    year = "2010",
    journal = "Fisheries",
    abstract = "Abstract Sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, are invasive to the Laurentian Great Lakes where they have decimated native fishes. Great Lakes sea lampreys have been subjected to control measures for several decades, and the drive to control them has led to major advances in understanding their biology and in informing management. In contrast, anadromous sea and Pacific (Entosphenus tridentatus) lampreys have co-evolved with their oceanic prey. Both of these anadromous lampreys are in decline, and a limited amount of information on their biology has stymied conservation. The tendency has been to make biological inferences about anadromous lampreys based on the Great Lakes sea lamprey without justifiable evidence. We identify areas in which key information is missing for the juvenile (parasitic feeding) phase and adult freshwater spawning migrations, and compare and contrast information for these lampreys. Our comparisons reveal major differences, some intriguing similarities, and key unknowns that will require empirical testing. Resumen la lamprea marina, Petromyzon marinus, es una especie invasiva de la región de los grandes lagos de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, en los cuales han diezmado las poblaciones de peces nativos. La lamprea marina de los grandes lagos ha sido sujeto de medidas de control por varias décadas y esta necesidad ha dado lugar a importantes avances en el entendimiento de su biología y manejo. En contraste, la lamprea anádroma y la del Pacífico (Entosphenus tridentatus) han co-evolucionado con sus presas oceánicas. Actualmente las poblaciones de ambas lampreas se encuentran en declive y la escasez de información sobre su biología ha interferido con su conservación. La tendencia ha sido hacer, sin evidencia que lo justifique, inferencias acerca de la lamprea del Pacífico sobre la base de lo que se conoce de la lamprea de los grandes lagos. Se identificaron áreas en las que se carece de información crítica de la fase juvenil (alimentación parasitaria) y de las migraciones reproductivas de los adultos y se comparó y contrastó información para estas lampreas. La comparación reveló diferencias significativas, algunas similitudes interesantes e interrogantes clave que demandarán de comprobación empírica.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446-35.12.580",
    doi = "10.1577/1548-8446-35.12.580",
    openalex = "W2034286666",
    references = "doi101139f99171"
}

@article{doi101016jdiff201402001,
    author = "Green, Stephen A. and Bronner‐Fraser, Marianne",
    title = "The lamprey: A jawless vertebrate model system for examining origin of the neural crest and other vertebrate traits",
    year = "2014",
    journal = "Differentiation",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diff.2014.02.001",
    doi = "10.1016/j.diff.2014.02.001",
    openalex = "W2063894047",
    references = "doi101002dvdy20697, doi101016jdevcel200408007, doi101038142004a0, doi101038nature04336, doi101038ng2568, doi101086413055, doi101126science2204594268, doi101126science6606851, doi10116101res00002275051947269, doi101242dev12871059"
}

@article{doi101007s11160019095788,
    author = "Clemens, Benjamin J. and Weitkamp, Laurie A. and Siwicke, Kevin A. and Wade, Joy and Harris, Julianne E. and Hess, Jon E. and Porter, Laurie L. and Parker, Keith A. and Sutton, Trent M. and Орлов, А. М.",
    title = "Marine biology of the pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus",
    year = "2019",
    journal = "Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-019-09578-8",
    doi = "10.1007/s11160-019-09578-8",
    openalex = "W2970792569",
    references = "doi10100797894017930633, doi10100797894017930635, doi10100797894017930638, doi101007s1116001694403, doi101016jjenvman201312017, doi101016jmarpolbul201008007, doi101016s0025326x0100323x, doi101017cbo9781107415416, doi1010292003gl017528, doi101111j146979981987tb05966x, doi101126science1156401, doi101126science1239352, doi101139f80232, doi101139f80233, doi1011751520047719970781069apicow20co2, doi1023071443050, doi105860choice402804, farmer1980biology"
}

@article{doi101111gcb14957,
    author = "Lennox, Robert J. and Bravener, Gale and Lin, Hsien‐Yung and Madenjian, Charles P. and Muir, Andrew M. and Remucal, Christina K. and Robinson, Kelly and Rous, Andrew M. and Siefkes, Michael J. and Wilkie, Michael P. and Zielinski, Daniel P. and Cooke, Steven J.",
    title = "Potential changes to the biology and challenges to the management of invasive sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus in the Laurentian Great Lakes due to climate change",
    year = "2019",
    journal = "Global Change Biology",
    abstract = "Control programs are implemented to mitigate the damage caused by invasive species worldwide. In the highly invaded Great Lakes, the climate is expected to become warmer with more extreme weather and variable precipitation, resulting in shorter iced-over periods and variable tributary flows as well as changes to pH and river hydrology and hydrogeomorphology. We review how climate change influences physiology, behavior, and demography of a damaging invasive species, sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), in the Great Lakes, and the consequences for sea lamprey control efforts. Sea lamprey control relies on surveys to monitor abundance of larval sea lamprey in Great Lakes tributaries. The abundance of parasitic, juvenile sea lampreys in the lakes is calculated by surveying wounding rates on lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), and trap surveys are used to enumerate adult spawning runs. Chemical control using lampricides (i.e., lamprey pesticides) to target larval sea lamprey and barriers to prevent adult lamprey from reaching spawning grounds are the most important tools used for sea lamprey population control. We describe how climate change could affect larval survival in rivers, growth and maturation in lakes, phenology and the spawning migration as adults return to rivers, and the overall abundance and distribution of sea lamprey in the Great Lakes. Our review suggests that Great Lakes sea lamprey may benefit from climate change with longer growing seasons, more rapid growth, and greater access to spawning habitat, but uncertainties remain about the future availability and suitability of larval habitats. Consideration of the biology of invasive species and adaptation of the timing, intensity, and frequency of control efforts is critical to the management of biological invasions in a changing world, such as sea lamprey in the Great Lakes.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14957",
    doi = "10.1111/gcb.14957",
    openalex = "W2994691392",
    references = "doi101016jaquatox201812012"
}

@article{doi101016jjglr202009005,
    author = "Clemens, Benjamin J. and Arakawa, Hiroaki and Baker, Cindy F. and Coghlan, Stephen M. and Kucheryavyy, A. V. and Lampman, Ralph T. and Lança, Maria João and Mateus, Catarina S. and Miller, Allison K. and Nazari, Hassan and Pequeño, Germán and Sutton, Trent M. and Yanai, Seiji",
    title = "Management of anadromous lampreys: Common threats, different approaches",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Journal of Great Lakes Research",
    abstract = "Ten anadromous lamprey species (Petromyzontiformes) are recognized around the world, including four species in the Southern Hemisphere and six in the Northern Hemisphere. Eleven threats to these anadromous lampreys have been identified: climate change, shifting oceanographic regimes, artificial barriers, low water quantity/flow management, habitat degradation, poor water quality, reduced habitat availability, host and prey availability, predation, overharvest, and disease. Artificial barriers are a well-recognized threat to anadromous lampreys. Management strategies to improve access to spawning and larval rearing habitats have involved modifying these barriers, providing passage, and translocating adults around them. Habitat restoration targeting other fishes may also benefit some anadromous lampreys; however, research targeting lamprey responses to habitat restoration is lacking. The absence of recreational and commercial fisheries on many of the anadromous lampreys has created a paradigm where funding is unavailable to monitor and manage them. This has led to a general lack of awareness and scientific understanding for anadromous lampreys. We discuss management actions for each of the anadromous lampreys, and highlight key information gaps. Key information gaps include aspects of freshwater biology, distribution and abundance of anadromous lampreys, and the need to improve understanding of how to mitigate threats. In general, larger-bodied lampreys are the subject of more human interest (more harvest, research, and management).",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2020.09.005",
    doi = "10.1016/j.jglr.2020.09.005",
    openalex = "W3088897355",
    references = "doi10100797894017930632, doi101007s11160019095788, doi101371journalpone0233792"
}

@article{doi101016jjglr202104009,
    author = "Adams, Jean V. and Barber, Jessica and Bravener, Gale and Lewandoski, Sean A.",
    title = "Quantifying Great Lakes sea lamprey populations using an index of adults",
    year = "2021",
    journal = "Journal of Great Lakes Research",
    abstract = "Effective control of aquatic invasive species requires knowledge of the population throughout the infested area. Lake-wide assessments of invasive sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) are used to assess their status in the Laurentian Great Lakes, informing fisheries managers and decision makers in the sea lamprey control program. Initially these assessments focused on an estimate of absolute abundance, but later switched to an estimate of relative abundance as an index. In this paper, we describe the recently developed index of sea lamprey abundance and the reasons for its use. Rather than trying to estimate spawning run sizes of all Great Lakes tributaries, the index instead estimates run sizes of a small subset of index streams. Streams chosen for the index had large spawning runs and a history of trapping operations that consistently yielded mark-recapture estimates. This change enabled the sea lamprey control program to abandon a previously used regression model that predicted run size on streams with no sea lamprey traps. Further research is needed to determine how strongly correlated the index is with actual patterns in the lake-wide population of adult sea lampreys.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2021.04.009",
    doi = "10.1016/j.jglr.2021.04.009",
    openalex = "W3157607886",
    references = "doi101016s0380133003704936"
}