@article{williston1877american,
    author = "Williston, S. W.",
    title = "American Jurassic Dinosaurs",
    year = "1877",
    journal = "Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science (1872-1880)",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/3623553",
    doi = "10.2307/3623553",
    pages = "42",
    volume = "6"
}

@article{crossref1880american,
    title = "American Jurassic Dinosaurs",
    year = "1880",
    journal = "Scientific American",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican05151880-3633dsupp",
    doi = "10.1038/scientificamerican05151880-3633dsupp",
    number = "228supp",
    pages = "3633-3633",
    volume = "9"
}

@article{crossref1884new,
    title = "New Jurassic Dinosaurs",
    year = "1884",
    journal = "Science",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ns-3.65.542",
    doi = "10.1126/science.ns-3.65.542",
    number = "65",
    pages = "542-544",
    volume = "ns-3"
}

@article{marsh1899footprints,
    author = "Marsh, O. C.",
    title = "Footprints of Jurassic dinosaurs",
    year = "1899",
    journal = "American Journal of Science",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s4-7.39.227",
    doi = "10.2475/ajs.s4-7.39.227",
    number = "39",
    pages = "227-232",
    volume = "s4-7"
}

@article{galton1980armored,
    author = "Galton, Peter M.",
    title = "Armored dinosaurs(Ornithischia: Ankylosauria)) from the Middle and Upper Jurassic of England",
    year = "1980",
    journal = "Geobios",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(80)80038-6",
    doi = "10.1016/s0016-6995(80)80038-6",
    number = "6",
    pages = "825-837",
    volume = "13"
}

@misc{galton1980the1,
    author = "Galton, P. M. and Powell, H. P",
    title = "The ornithischian dinosaur Camptosaurus prestwichii from the Upper Jurassic of England",
    year = "1980",
    howpublished = "Palaeontology, v. 23, p. 411-443",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Galton, P. M., and Powell, H. P., 1980, The ornithischian dinosaur Camptosaurus prestwichii from the Upper Jurassic of England: Palaeontology, v. 23, p. 411-443.}"
}

@article{s2b7ac4d0753f82919b69cfcfc7d1e5e3d1b73105e,
    author = "Galton, P. and Powell, H.",
    title = "The ornithischian dinosaur Camptosaurus prestwichii from the Upper Jurassic of England",
    year = "1980",
    journal = "Palaeontology",
    publisher = "Palaeontological Association",
    abstract = "(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b7ac4d0753f82919b69cfcfc7d1e5e3d1b73105e",
    doi = "10.5281/zenodo.16673434",
    is_oa = "true",
    semanticscholar_citation_count = "89",
    semanticscholar_id = "b7ac4d0753f82919b69cfcfc7d1e5e3d1b73105e"
}

@article{paul1984the2,
    author = "Paul, G. S",
    title = "The segnosaurian dinosaurs",
    year = "1984",
    journal = "Relics of the prosauropod- ornithisichian transition?: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 4, p. 507-515",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Paul, G. S., 1984, The segnosaurian dinosaurs: Relics of the prosauropod- ornithisichian transition?: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 4, p. 507-515.}"
}

@inproceedings{sereno1984the3,
    author = "Sereno, P. C",
    title = "The Phylogeny of the Ornithischia, a reappraisal, in Reif, W. E., and Westphal, F., eds., Third Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Environments",
    year = "1984",
    booktitle = "Tbingen, ATTEMPTO-Verlag, p. 219-226",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Sereno, P. C., 1984, The Phylogeny of the Ornithischia, a reappraisal, in Reif, W. E., and Westphal, F., eds., Third Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Environments: Tbingen, ATTEMPTO-Verlag, p. 219-226.}"
}

@article{doi101016s001678780180047x,
    author = "Whyte, M. and Romano, M.",
    title = "Probable stegosaurian dinosaur tracks from the Saltwick Formation (Middle Jurassic) of Yorkshire, England",
    year = "2001",
    journal = "Proceedings of the Geologists' Association",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/86fe0df84abf6527802512c0111401ea1543a1a5",
    doi = "10.1016/S0016-7878(01)80047-X",
    is_oa = "true",
    number = "1",
    pages = "45-54",
    semanticscholar_citation_count = "83",
    semanticscholar_id = "86fe0df84abf6527802512c0111401ea1543a1a5",
    volume = "112"
}

@article{teppo2001dinosaurs,
    author = "Teppo, Anne R. and Hodgson, Ted",
    title = "Dinosaurs, Dinosaur Eggs, and Probability",
    year = "2001",
    journal = "The Mathematics Teacher",
    abstract = "In their article “What Every High School Graduate Should Know about Statistics,” Scheaffer, Watkins, and Landwehr (1998) contend that one cannot understand statistics without understanding probability. As a consequence, the authors outline several recommendations regarding teaching probability in the secondary school.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5951/mt.94.2.0086",
    doi = "10.5951/mt.94.2.0086",
    number = "2",
    pages = "86-92",
    volume = "94"
}

@article{doi101017s0016756806002561,
    author = "Galton, P. and Knoll, Fabien",
    title = "A saurischian dinosaur braincase from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) near Oxford, England: from the theropod Megalosaurus or the sauropod Cetiosaurus?",
    year = "2006",
    journal = "Geological Magazine",
    abstract = "A dinosaur braincase from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Oxfordshire (England) is described. The specimen, which has historical significance, has been erratically attributed to either a sauropod or a theropod on the basis of vague phenetic resemblances. It is here re-interpreted in the light of recent cladistic analyses of dinosaurs, allowing the first proper character-based discussion of its affinities. It resembles those of ornithischian and prosauropod dinosaurs in the absence of a prominent, caudolaterally directed bony sheet from either the crista tuberalis (as in all theropods) or the crista prootica (as in all sauropods except juveniles of the eusauropod Shunosaurus). This braincase shows two synapomorphic characters of the Eusauropoda: the region of the cranium is rostrocaudally shortened and the long axis of the supratemporal fenestra is transversely oriented. For these characters, ornithischians, theropods, and prosauropods retain the plesiomorphic condition. It is concluded that the specimen is an important exemplar of a Middle Jurassic sauropod braincase and it is suggested that it could be from the eusauropod Cetiosaurus.",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cabffee09ef6fbb34356500fa1837fd44b87dfdc",
    doi = "10.1017/S0016756806002561",
    is_oa = "true",
    number = "6",
    pages = "905-921",
    semanticscholar_citation_count = "18",
    semanticscholar_id = "cabffee09ef6fbb34356500fa1837fd44b87dfdc",
    volume = "143"
}

@incollection{crossref2008bird,
    title = "Bird Dinosaurs And Dinosaur Birds",
    year = "2008",
    booktitle = "Feathered Dinosaurs",
    abstract = "In the early 1990s some isolated finds of strange bird-like dinosaurs from Argentina and Mongolia threw a spanner in the works of determining bird origins. The discovery of partial skeletons of Alvarezsaurus from Argentina and Mononykus from Mongolia revealed that the boundary between bipedal running dinosaurs and flightless birds was totally blurred. Then the discovery of more complete remains of a similar beast, Shuvuuia from Mongolia, revealed the true nature of these strange beasts. They had long legs, curved, delicate necks, small, gracile heads with tiny teeth, and short, powerful arms each with one very large claw and two remnant smaller claws.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195372663.003.0009",
    doi = "10.1093/oso/9780195372663.003.0009",
    pages = "25-28"
}

@article{carpenter2018a,
    author = "Carpenter, Kenneth and Galton, Peter",
    title = "A photo documentation of bipedal ornithischian dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, USA",
    year = "2018",
    journal = "Geology of the Intermountain West",
    abstract = "Bipedal ornithischian dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation are rare, forming only about 15\% of the dinosaur specimens. Nevertheless, one of them was among the first dinosaurs named from what was then the ‘’Atlantosaurus Beds’’ of Colorado. Collecting and restudy for 140 years has in­creased the diversity from the initial 1877 discovery to the currently valid four genera and six species, viz., Fruitadens haagaroum, Nanosaurus agilis, Camptosaurus dispar, C. aphanoecetes, Dryosaurus altus, and D. elderae, which we briefly review. We demonstrate that the enigmatic Nanosaurus agilis is the senior name for Drinker nisti, Othnielosaurus consors, and Othnielia rex. In addition, a new species, Dryosaurus elderae is proposed for the Dryosaurus specimens from Dinosaur National Monument that are characterized by elongate cervical verebrae and a long, low ilium among other features.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.31711/giw.v5.pp167-207",
    doi = "10.31711/giw.v5.pp167-207",
    pages = "167-207",
    volume = "5"
}

@article{s282426c4f635f6d2692f94d2867e880fb99bcf628,
    author = "Meyer, C. and Belvedere, M.",
    title = "Tracking dinosaurs across the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary",
    year = "2018",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/82426c4f635f6d2692f94d2867e880fb99bcf628",
    is_oa = "true",
    semanticscholar_id = "82426c4f635f6d2692f94d2867e880fb99bcf628"
}

@article{doi101093zoolinneanzlaa061,
    author = "Norman, David",
    title = "Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society",
    abstract = "Abstract A layer of keratinous scutes encased the skull of Scelidosaurus. The neurocranium and the associated principal sensory systems of this dinosaur are described. The cranial musculature is reconstructed and a subsequent functional analysis suggests that jaw motion was orthal, allowing pulping of vegetation and some high-angle shearing between opposing teeth. Wishboning of the lower jaw was enabled by transverse displacement of the quadrates, and the long-axis mandibular torsion that occurred during the chewing cycle was permitted by flexibility at the dentary symphysis. Limb proportions and pectoral and pelvic musculature reconstructions suggest that Scelidosaurus was a facultative quadruped of ‘average’ locomotor ability. It retained some anatomical features indicative of a bipedal-cursorial ancestry. Hindlimb motion was oblique-to-parasagittal to accommodate the girth of the abdomen. Scelidosaurus used a combination of costal and abdominally driven aspiration. The hypothesis that respiration was an ‘evolutionary driver’ of opisthopuby in all dinosaurs is overly simplistic. A critical assessment of datasets used to analyse the systematics of ornithischians (and thyreophoran subclades) has led to a revised dataset that positions Scelidosaurus as a stem ankylosaur, rather than a stem thyreophoran. The value of phylogenetic definitions is reconsidered in the light of the new thyreophoran cladogram.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa061",
    doi = "10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa061",
    openalex = "W3062384916",
    references = "doi107717peerj4066"
}

@article{doi101186s12862021019324,
    author = "Melstrom, Keegan M. and Chiappe, Luis M. and Smith, Nathan D.",
    title = "Exceptionally simple, rapidly replaced teeth in sauropod dinosaurs demonstrate a novel evolutionary strategy for herbivory in Late Jurassic ecosystems",
    year = "2021",
    journal = "BMC Ecology and Evolution",
    abstract = "BACKGROUND: Dinosaurs dominated terrestrial environments for over 100 million years due in part to innovative feeding strategies. Although a range of dental adaptations was present in Late Jurassic dinosaurs, it is unclear whether dinosaur ecosystems exhibited patterns of tooth disparity and dietary correlation similar to those of modern amniotes, in which carnivores possess simple teeth and herbivores exhibit complex dentitions. To investigate these patterns, we quantified dental shape in Late Jurassic dinosaurs to test relationships between diet and dental complexity. RESULTS: Here, we show that Late Jurassic dinosaurs exhibited a disparity of dental complexities on par with those of modern saurians. Theropods possess relatively simple teeth, in spite of the range of morphologies tested, and is consistent with their inferred carnivorous habits. Ornithischians, in contrast, have complex dentitions, corresponding to herbivorous habits. The dentitions of macronarian sauropods are similar to some ornithischians and living herbivorous squamates but slightly more complex than other sauropods. In particular, all diplodocoid sauropods investigated possess remarkably simple teeth. The existence of simple teeth in diplodocoids, however, contrasts with the pattern observed in nearly all known herbivores (living or extinct). CONCLUSIONS: Sauropod dinosaurs exhibit a novel approach to herbivory not yet observed in other amniotes. We demonstrate that sauropod tooth complexity is related to tooth replacement rate rather than diet, which contrasts with the results from mammals and saurians. This relationship is unique to the sauropod clade, with ornithischians and theropods displaying the patterns observed in other groups. The decoupling of herbivory and tooth complexity paired with a correlation between complexity and replacement rate demonstrates a novel evolutionary strategy for plant consumption in sauropod dinosaurs.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-021-01932-4",
    doi = "10.1186/s12862-021-01932-4",
    openalex = "W3214196010",
    references = "doi101002ar23592"
}

@article{doi1010800272463420242310066,
    author = "Rotatori, Filippo Maria and Ferrari, Lucrezia and Sequero, C. and Camilo, Bruno and Mateus, Octávio and Moreno‐Azanza, M.",
    title = "An Unexpected Early-Diverging Iguanodontian Dinosaur (Ornithischia, Ornithopoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal",
    year = "2023",
    journal = "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology",
    abstract = "ABSTRACT Iguanodontia is a diverse clade of herbivorous ornithischian dinosaurs that were speciose and abundant during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Although the monophyly of Iguanodontia is well supported, their internal relationships have sparked heated debate due to several phylogenetic paradigm shifts. Late Jurassic basally branching iguanodontians in particular are not well understood in terms of their systematic affinities and evolutionary relevance. Their fossil record in Europe is meager compared with North America, with only a few species currently recognized. Two taxa are currently known from the Upper Jurassic of England, the basally branching styracosternan Cumnoria prestwichii and the putative dryosaurid Callovosaurus leedsi. In the Upper Jurassic of Portugal, the styracosternan Draconyx loureiroi and the dryosaurid Eousdryosaurus nanohallucis are presently the only described basally branching iguanodontians. Here we report a new species of early diverging iguanodontian from the Upper Jurassic Lourinhã Formation of western-central Portugal. The new species is clearly distinguished from all other coeval taxa by an exclusive combination of characters that include a tibia with a cnemial crest that is directed craniolaterally and a fibular condyle that is angled at 90° with respect to the proximal epiphysis, a fibula with symmetrical proximal margins, and a reduced metatarsal I. The phylogenetic relationships of the Lourinhã iguanodontian were explored using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. The two analyses recover the Lourinhã iguanodontian as an indeterminate dryomorphan, with more precise affinities precluded due to the current available material. Body size is estimated between 3 and 4 meters for the holotype specimen, adding to the diversity of small ornithopods already recognized in the paleoichnological record of the Lourinhã Formation.",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/66e07b92d08793e7d9d155e6ff5fed9b4506c1b4",
    doi = "10.1080/02724634.2024.2310066",
    is_oa = "true",
    number = "4",
    semanticscholar_citation_count = "7",
    semanticscholar_id = "66e07b92d08793e7d9d155e6ff5fed9b4506c1b4",
    volume = "43",
    references = "doi101038s41559021016515"
}

@misc{wedel2023diy,
    author = "Wedel, Matt",
    title = "DIY dinosaurs: more dinosaur bone standees",
    year = "2023",
    abstract = {Michelle Stocker with an apatosaur vertebra (left) and a titanosaur femur (right), both made from foam core board. In the last post I showed the Brachiosaurus humerus standee I made last weekend, and I said that the idea had been "a gleam in my eye for a long time". That's true, but it got kicked into high gear late in 2021 when I got an email from a colleague, Dr. Michelle Stocker at Virginia Tech.},
    url = "https://doi.org/10.59350/zw61w-6r289",
    doi = "10.59350/zw61w-6r289"
}

@article{chiarenza2024early,
    author = "Chiarenza, Alfio Alessandro and Cantalapiedra, Juan L. and Jones, Lewis A. and Gamboa, Sara and Galván, Sofía and Farnsworth, Alexander J. and Valdes, Paul J. and Sotelo, Graciela and Varela, Sara",
    title = "Early Jurassic origin of avian endothermy and thermophysiological diversity in dinosaurs",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Current Biology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.051",
    doi = "10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.051",
    number = "11",
    openalex = "W4396921380",
    pages = "2517-2527.e4",
    volume = "34",
    references = "barta2022osteohistology, doi101002ar24130, doi101016jcub202105041, doi101016jcub202111061, doi101016jgr202008003, doi101017s0094837300004310, doi10103844766, doi101038ncomms12931, doi101038sdata2018214, doi101073pnas2213987120, doi10108003610927808827599, doi101086284325, doi101086426002, doi101093aesa383396, doi101093bioinformaticsbtu181, doi101111j2041210x201100169x, doi101111pala12514, doi101126sciadvaaw4486, doi101371journalpone0235078, doi105281zenodo16171435, doi107717peerj12362, doi107717peerj7764"
}

@article{doi10268791346,
    author = "Baron, Matthew",
    title = "A new name for old bones: A reassessment of Early Jurassic theropod remains from Dorset, England",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Palaeontologia Electronica",
    abstract = "Among the many terrestrial vertebrate specimens that have been recovered from the Lower Jurassic Blue Lias Formation (Hettangian-Sinemurian) in Dorset, England, there are two partial yet distinctive theropodan hindlimbs that are not currently assigned to any recognised, valid taxon. Originally this material was referred to the early armoured ornithischian taxon Scelidosaurus harrisonii, which had also been recovered from a Lower Jurassic Formation in Southern England. However, this error in assignment was soon realised and corrected in subsequent works, and the material in question reclassified as an indeterminate theropod. More recent works have suggested possible neotheropod or even tetanuran affinities for at least some of this material, but no consensus has yet been reached about its true phylogenetic and taxonomic affinities. The material has never been formally named, even though the material does appear to display a distinct combination of anatomical characteristics. As one of the earliest known Jurassic representatives of Theropoda, understanding this material is important for clarifying the picture of early theropod evolution and biogeographic distribution. This study re-appraises the two specimens, compares, and contrasts them with other known Triassic and Early Jurassic theropods, and tests their possible phylogenetic affinities using three different anatomical datasets: two that are heavily theropod focused and one more general early dinosaur focused. The results of these analyses, in combination with the anatomical comparisons presented herein, suggest that this fragmentary material could represent a distinct, early occurring, and early branching averostran neotheropod. A new genus and species are thus erected for the material.",
    url = "https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/pdfs/1346.pdf",
    doi = "10.26879/1346",
    is_oa = "true",
    semanticscholar_id = "9fa1535ed6d66a05cf5a09f4ef99512db31f388f"
}

@misc{jones2026the,
    author = "Jones, Bryce",
    title = "The Princeton Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs: Ornithischians",
    year = "2026",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.31799924",
    doi = "10.2307/jj.31799924"
}