@article{cain1950lifeforms,
    author = "Cain, Stanley A.",
    title = "Life-forms and phytoclimate",
    year = "1950",
    journal = "The Botanical Review",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02879783",
    doi = "10.1007/bf02879783",
    number = "1",
    pages = "1-32",
    volume = "16"
}

@article{cain1950lifeforms1,
    author = "Cain, S. A",
    title = "Life-forms and phytoclimate",
    year = "1950",
    journal = "Botanical Review, v. 16, p. 1- 32",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Cain, S. A., 1950, Life-forms and phytoclimate: Botanical Review, v. 16, p. 1- 32.}"
}

@incollection{chirkov1979microclimate,
    author = "Chirkov, Y. I.",
    title = "Microclimate and Phytoclimate",
    year = "1979",
    booktitle = "Agrometeorology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67288-0\_19",
    doi = "10.1007/978-3-642-67288-0\_19",
    pages = "139-141"
}

@incollection{annas1988life,
    author = "Annas, George J.",
    title = "Life Forms",
    year = "1988",
    booktitle = "Judging Medicine",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4592-6\_52",
    doi = "10.1007/978-1-4612-4592-6\_52",
    pages = "346-351"
}

@inproceedings{calvert1996life,
    author = "Calvert, Tom and Mah, Sang",
    title = "Life forms",
    year = "1996",
    booktitle = "ACM SIGGRAPH 96 Visual Proceedings: The art and interdisciplinary programs of SIGGRAPH '96 on - SIGGRAPH '96",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1145/253607.253773",
    doi = "10.1145/253607.253773",
    pages = "115"
}

@article{doi101590s151969842004000200004,
    author = "Batalha, M A and Martins, F R",
    title = "Floristic, frequency, and vegetation life-form spectra of a cerrado site.",
    year = "2004",
    journal = "Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia",
    abstract = "We used Raunkiaer's system to classify in life-forms the vascular plants present in 12 random 25 m2 quadrats of a cerrado site. The study area is covered by cerrado sensu stricto and is located in the Valério fragment, at about 22 degrees 13'S and 47 degrees 51'W, 760 m above sea level, in the Itirapina Ecological and Experimental Station, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. The floristic spectrum considers the life-form of each species, while in the frequency spectrum, each species is weighted by its frequency. The vegetation spectrum does not consider the species at all, but only the individuals in each life-form class. In the floristic spectrum, the most represented life-forms were the phanerophytes and the hemicryptophytes, as in other cerrado sites. This spectrum differed significantly from Raunkiaer's normal spectrum, mainly due to under-representation of therophytes and over-representation of phanerophytes. The floristic and frequency spectra were similar, but both differed from the vegetation spectrum. We recommend the floristic spectrum when working at larger scales and a description of the phytoclimate is wanted. The vegetation spectrum is preferable when working at smaller scales and wanting a quantitative description of the physiognomy. The frequency spectrum is not recommended at all.",
    url = "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15462292/",
    doi = "10.1590/s1519-69842004000200004",
    pmid = "15462292"
}

@misc{crossref2007phytoclimate,
    title = "Phytoclimate",
    year = "2007",
    booktitle = "Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1002/0471743984.vse9667",
    doi = "10.1002/0471743984.vse9667"
}

@article{dixon2010life,
    author = "Dixon, Bernard",
    title = "Life forms",
    year = "2010",
    journal = "Current Biology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.06.005",
    doi = "10.1016/j.cub.2010.06.005",
    number = "12",
    pages = "R499-R500",
    volume = "20"
}

@incollection{helmreich2015life,
    author = "Helmreich, Stefan and Roosth, Sophia",
    title = "LIFE FORMS:",
    year = "2015",
    booktitle = "Sounding the Limits of Life",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1dr36n0.6",
    doi = "10.2307/j.ctt1dr36n0.6",
    pages = "19-34"
}

@article{doi101016jsjbs201904009,
    author = "Al Shaye, Najla A and Masrahi, Yahya S and Thomas, Jacob",
    title = "Ecological significance of floristic composition and life forms of Riyadh region, Central Saudi Arabia.",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Saudi journal of biological sciences",
    abstract = "Riyadh region is one of the hardest habitats in Saudi Arabia with a hyper-arid climate. This study was conducted to investigate floristic composition and plant life forms of Riyadh region and their ecological significance. Work aimed to determine the prevailing plant families and biological spectrum of their components that reflects the phytoclimate and adaptation to hyper-arid conditions of the region. Work involved field surveys of different locations in Riyadh region where plant specimens were collected and identified. Collected plant species were then listed according to their families and data were used to assess the contribution of different plant families to the flora of the region. Study of life forms was conducted to classify recorded floristic elements into categories that reflect environmental conditions prevailing in the region. Prevailing plant families were Asteraceae (17.4\%), Poaceae (11\%), Brassicaceae (9.9\%), and Fabaceae (7\%). These percentages reflect wide ecological ranges especially for Asteraceae and Poaceae. High presence of species belonging to Astreaceae and Poaceae can be attributed to their adaptation to harsh conditions as well as to effective wind dispersal strategies of their diaspores. While the most frequent life form classes were therophytes with 52\%, and chamaephytes with 30\%, phanerophytes and hemicryptophytes represented 9\% and 8\%, respectively. Predominance of therophytes and chamaephytes over other life forms is a response to hyper arid climate with insufficient rainfall and the nature of region of few available microhabitats that can support high percentage of perennials.",
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6933222/",
    doi = "10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.04.009",
    pmcid = "PMC6933222",
    pmid = "31889814"
}

@incollection{mazadiego2021life,
    author = "Mazadiego, Elize",
    title = "Life Forms",
    year = "2021",
    booktitle = "Dematerialization and the Social Materiality of Art",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004457881\_006",
    doi = "10.1163/9789004457881\_006",
    pages = "119-136"
}