@book{elton1942voles1,
    author = "Elton, C. S",
    title = "Voles, mice and lemmings",
    year = "1942",
    publisher = "problems in population dynamics: London, England, Oxford University Press, 496 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Elton, C. S., 1942, Voles, mice and lemmings: problems in population dynamics: London, England, Oxford University Press, 496 p.}"
}

@article{elton1946competition,
    author = "Elton, Charles",
    title = "Competition and the Structure of Ecological Communities",
    year = "1946",
    journal = "The Journal of Animal Ecology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/1625",
    doi = "10.2307/1625",
    number = "1",
    pages = "54",
    volume = "15"
}

@article{elton1946competition2,
    author = "Elton, C. S",
    title = "Competition and the structure of ecological communities",
    year = "1946",
    journal = "Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 15, p. 54-68",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Elton, C. S., 1946, Competition and the structure of ecological communities: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 15, p. 54-68.}"
}

@article{elton1949population3,
    author = "Elton, C. S",
    title = "Population interspersion",
    year = "1949",
    journal = "an essay on animal community patterns: Journal of Ecology, v. 37, p. 1-23",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Elton, C. S., 1949, Population interspersion: an essay on animal community patterns: Journal of Ecology, v. 37, p. 1-23.}"
}

@misc{elton1958the4,
    author = "Elton, C. S",
    title = "The ecology of invasions by animals and plants",
    year = "1958",
    howpublished = "London, England, Methuen, 181 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Elton, C. S., 1958, The ecology of invasions by animals and plants: London, England, Methuen, 181 p.}"
}

@article{odum1959a,
    author = "Odum, Eugene P.",
    title = "A Descriptive Population Ecology of Land Animals",
    year = "1959",
    journal = "Ecology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/1929948",
    doi = "10.2307/1929948",
    number = "1",
    pages = "166-166",
    volume = "40"
}

@incollection{crossref2000population,
    title = "Population dynamics and competition",
    year = "2000",
    booktitle = "The Ecology of Freshwater Molluscs",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511542008.006",
    doi = "10.1017/cbo9780511542008.006",
    pages = "171-226"
}

@book{crossref2005population,
    title = "Population Dynamics and Laboratory Ecology",
    year = "2005",
    booktitle = "Advances in Ecological Research",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2504(04)x1008-4",
    doi = "10.1016/s0065-2504(04)x1008-4"
}

@incollection{johnson2009regeneration,
    author = "Johnson, P. S. and Shifley, S. R. and Rogers, R.",
    title = "Regeneration ecology II: population dynamics.",
    year = "2009",
    booktitle = "The ecology and silviculture of oaks",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845934743.0134",
    doi = "10.1079/9781845934743.0134",
    pages = "134-187"
}

@article{rossberg2011simplification,
    author = "Rossberg, Axel G. and Farnsworth, Keith D.",
    title = "Simplification of structured population dynamics in complex ecological communities",
    year = "2011",
    journal = "Theoretical Ecology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-010-0088-7",
    doi = "10.1007/s12080-010-0088-7",
    number = "4",
    pages = "449-465",
    volume = "4"
}

@article{frelat2017community,
    author = "Frelat, Romain and Lindegren, Martin and Denker, Tim Spaanheden and Floeter, Jens and Fock, Heino O. and Sguotti, Camilla and Stäbler, Moritz and Otto, Saskia A. and Möllmann, Christian",
    title = "Community ecology in 3D: Tensor decomposition reveals spatio-temporal dynamics of large ecological communities",
    year = "2017",
    journal = "PLOS ONE",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188205",
    doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0188205",
    number = "11",
    pages = "e0188205",
    volume = "12"
}

@article{doi101098rspb20190738,
    author = "Bisschop, Karen and Mortier, Frederik and Etienne, Rampal S and Bonte, Dries",
    title = "Transient local adaptation and source-sink dynamics in experimental populations experiencing spatially heterogeneous environments.",
    year = "2019",
    journal = "Proceedings. Biological sciences",
    abstract = "Local adaptation is determined by the strength of selection and the level of gene flow within heterogeneous landscapes. The presence of benign habitat can act as an evolutionary stepping stone for local adaptation to challenging environments by providing the necessary genetic variation. At the same time, migration load from benign habitats will hinder adaptation. In a community context, interspecific competition is expected to select against maladapted migrants, hence reducing migration load and facilitating adaptation. As the interplay between competition and spatial heterogeneity on the joint ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations is poorly understood, we performed an evolutionary experiment using the herbivore spider mite Tetranychus urticae as a model. We studied the species's demography and local adaptation in a challenging environment that consisted of an initial sink (pepper plants) and/or a more benign environment (cucumber plants). Half of the experimental populations were exposed to a competitor, the congeneric T. ludeni. We show that while spider mites only adapted to the challenging pepper environment when it was spatially interspersed with benign cucumber habitat, this adaptation was only temporary and disappeared when the populations in the benign cucumber environment were expanding and spilling-over to the challenging pepper environment. Although the focal species outcompeted the competitor after about two months, a negative effect of competition on the focal species's performance persisted in the benign environment. Adaptation to challenging habitat in heterogeneous landscapes thus highly depends on demography and source-sink dynamics, but also on competitive interactions with other species, even if they are only present for a short time span.",
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6599998/",
    doi = "10.1098/rspb.2019.0738",
    pmcid = "PMC6599998",
    pmid = "31238842"
}

@incollection{ommati2025population,
    author = "Ommati, Mohammad Mehdi",
    title = "Population Dynamics and Ecology",
    year = "2025",
    booktitle = "Biology for Students",
    abstract = "Population dynamics is shaped by multiple factors influencing growth, distribution, and constraints. Key characteristics of populations include natality, mortality, and density. Exponential growth occurs under ideal conditions but is typically limited by carrying capacity, resulting in a logistic growth curve. Reproductive time lag affects population fluctuations, and age structure and reproductive strategies further influence growth rates. Populations are constrained by density-dependent factors such as predation and disease, and density-independent factors like natural disasters. Distribution patterns, including clumped, uniform, and random, are affected by interspecific interactions and competition. Allelopathy, resource partitioning, and character displacement illustrate competition in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. The exponential rise in human population highlights the urgency of sustainable resource management, with current growth rates potentially surpassing Earth's estimated carrying capacity.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2174/9789815324662125010013",
    doi = "10.2174/9789815324662125010013",
    pages = "200-220"
}

@misc{crossrefNoneecological,
    title = "Ecological population dynamics",
    year = "None",
    booktitle = "Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.29172/aa6e6251-78da-4a3b-a270-cccc77b356e6",
    doi = "10.29172/aa6e6251-78da-4a3b-a270-cccc77b356e6"
}