@article{fox1964dynamic,
    author = "Fox, Sidney W. and Yuyama, Shuhei",
    title = "Dynamic phenomena in microspheres from thermal proteinoid",
    year = "1964",
    journal = "Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-406x(64)90113-6",
    doi = "10.1016/0010-406x(64)90113-6",
    number = "3",
    pages = "317-321",
    volume = "11"
}

@misc{fox1964the3,
    author = "Fox, S. W. and Krampitz, G",
    title = "The catalytic decomposition of glucose in aqueous solution by thermal proteinoids",
    year = "1964",
    howpublished = "Nature, v. 203, p. 1362-1364",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., and Krampitz, G., 1964, The catalytic decomposition of glucose in aqueous solution by thermal proteinoids: Nature, v. 203, p. 1362-1364.}"
}

@article{hardebeck1968decarboxylation,
    author = "Hardebeck, Heinrich G. and Krampitz, Gottfried and Wulf, Leonie",
    title = "Decarboxylation of pyruvic acid in aqueous solution by thermal proteinoids",
    year = "1968",
    journal = "Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(68)90105-7",
    doi = "10.1016/0003-9861(68)90105-7",
    number = "1",
    pages = "72-81",
    volume = "123"
}

@misc{hardebeck1968decarboxylation5,
    author = "Hardebeck, H. G. and Krampitz, G. and Wulf, L",
    title = "Decarboxylation of pyruvic acid in aqueous solutions by thermal proteinoids",
    year = "1968",
    howpublished = "Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysiology, v. 123, p. 72-81",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hardebeck, H. G., Krampitz, G., and Wulf, L., 1968, Decarboxylation of pyruvic acid in aqueous solutions by thermal proteinoids: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysiology, v. 123, p. 72-81.}"
}

@misc{hsu1971conjugation6,
    author = "Hsu, L. L. and Brooke, S. and Fox, S. W",
    title = "Conjugation of proteinoid microspheres",
    year = "1971",
    howpublished = "a model of primordial communication: Current Models in Biology [Now BioSystems], v. 4, p. 12-25",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hsu, L. L., Brooke, S., and Fox, S. W., 1971, Conjugation of proteinoid microspheres: a model of primordial communication: Current Models in Biology [Now BioSystems], v. 4, p. 12-25.}"
}

@phdthesis{junck1973synthesis7,
    author = "Junck, J. R. and Fox, S. W",
    title = "Synthesis of oligonucleotides by proteinoid microspheres acting on ATP",
    year = "1973",
    publisher = "Naturwissenschaften, v. 60, p. 425-427",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Junck, J. R., and Fox, S. W., 1973, Synthesis of oligonucleotides by proteinoid microspheres acting on ATP: Naturwissenschaften, v. 60, p. 425-427.}"
}

@article{jungck1973synthesis,
    author = "Jungck, John R. and Fox, Sidney W.",
    title = "Synthesis of oligonucleotides by proteinoid microspheres acting on ATP",
    year = "1973",
    journal = "Die Naturwissenschaften",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00623555",
    doi = "10.1007/bf00623555",
    number = "9",
    pages = "425-427",
    volume = "60"
}

@misc{fox1974from2,
    author = "Fox, S. W. and Jungck, J. R. and Nakashima, T",
    title = "From proteinoid microsphere to comtemporary cell",
    year = "1974",
    howpublished = "formation of internucleotide and peptide bonds by proteinoid particles: Origins Life, v. 5, p. 227-237",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., Jungck, J. R., and Nakashima, T., 1974, From proteinoid microsphere to comtemporary cell: formation of internucleotide and peptide bonds by proteinoid particles: Origins Life, v. 5, p. 227-237.}"
}

@misc{fox1974the1,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "The proteinoid theory of the origin of life and competing ideas",
    year = "1974",
    howpublished = "American Biology Teacher, v. 36, p. 161-172, 181",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1974, The proteinoid theory of the origin of life and competing ideas: American Biology Teacher, v. 36, p. 161-172, 181.}"
}

@article{brooke1977compartmentalization,
    author = "Brooke, Steven and Fox, Sidney W.",
    title = "Compartmentalization in proteinoid microspheres",
    year = "1977",
    journal = "Biosystems",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(77)90028-4",
    doi = "10.1016/0303-2647(77)90028-4",
    number = "1",
    pages = "1-22",
    volume = "9"
}

@phdthesis{nakashima1980synthesis8,
    author = "Nakashima, T. and Fox, S. W",
    title = "Synthesis of peptides from amino acids and ATP with lysine-rich protenoid",
    year = "1980",
    publisher = "Journal of Molecular Evolution, v. 15, p. 161-168",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Nakashima, T., and Fox, S. W., 1980, Synthesis of peptides from amino acids and ATP with lysine-rich protenoid: Journal of Molecular Evolution, v. 15, p. 161-168.}"
}

@misc{nakashima1981formulation9,
    author = "Nakashima, T. and Fox, S. W",
    title = "Formulation of peptides by single or multiple additions of ATP to suspensions of nucleoproteinoid microparticles",
    year = "1981",
    howpublished = "BioSystems, v. 14, p. 151- 161",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Nakashima, T., and Fox, S. W., 1981, Formulation of peptides by single or multiple additions of ATP to suspensions of nucleoproteinoid microparticles: BioSystems, v. 14, p. 151- 161.}"
}

@article{fox1982the4,
    author = "Fox, S. W. and Nakashima, T. and Przyblyski, A. and Syren, R. M",
    title = "The updated experimental proteinoid model",
    year = "1982",
    journal = "International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, v. QBS 9, p. 195-204",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., Nakashima, T., Przyblyski, A., and Syren, R. M., 1982, The updated experimental proteinoid model: International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, v. QBS 9, p. 195-204.}"
}

@article{matsuno1984electrical,
    author = "Matsuno, Koichiro",
    title = "Electrical excitability of proteinoid microspheres composed of basic and acidic proteinoids",
    year = "1984",
    journal = "Biosystems",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(84)90011-x",
    doi = "10.1016/0303-2647(84)90011-x",
    number = "1",
    pages = "11-14",
    volume = "17"
}

@incollection{nakashima1986metabolism,
    author = "Nakashima, Tadayoshi",
    title = "Metabolism of Proteinoid Microspheres",
    year = "1986",
    booktitle = "Organic Geo- and Cosmochemistry",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112620663-003",
    doi = "10.1515/9783112620663-003",
    pages = "57-82"
}

@article{müllerherold1994the,
    author = "Müller-Herold, U. and Nickel, G.",
    title = "The stability of proteinoid microspheres",
    year = "1994",
    journal = "Biosystems",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(94)90006-x",
    doi = "10.1016/0303-2647(94)90006-x",
    number = "3",
    pages = "215-220",
    volume = "33"
}

@article{mougkogiannis2023proteinoid,
    author = "Mougkogiannis, Panagiotis and Adamatzky, Andrew",
    title = "Proteinoid Microspheres as Protoneural Networks",
    year = "2023",
    journal = "ACS Omega",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c05670",
    doi = "10.1021/acsomega.3c05670",
    number = "38",
    pages = "35417-35426",
    volume = "8"
}

@article{mougkogiannis2023transfer,
    author = "Mougkogiannis, Panagiotis and Phillips, Neil and Adamatzky, Andrew",
    title = "Transfer functions of proteinoid microspheres",
    year = "2023",
    journal = "Biosystems",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.104892",
    doi = "10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.104892",
    pages = "104892",
    volume = "227-228"
}

@article{doi101021acslangmuir4c01107,
    author = "Mougkogiannis, Panagiotis and Adamatzky, Andrew",
    title = "Thermosensory Spiking Activity of Proteinoid Microspheres Cross-Linked by Actin Filaments.",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Langmuir: the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids",
    abstract = "Actin, found in all eukaryotic cells as globular (G) or filamentous (F) actin, undergoes polymerization, with G-actin units changing shape to become F-actin. Thermal proteins, or proteinoids, are created by heating amino acids (160-200 °C), forming polymeric chains. These proteinoids can swell in an aqueous solution at around 50 °C, producing hollow microspheres filled with a solution, exhibiting voltage spikes. Our research explores the signaling properties of proteinoids, actin filaments, and hybrid networks combining actin and proteinoids. Proteinoids replicate brain excitation dynamics despite lacking specific membranes or ion channels. We investigate enhancing conductivity and spiking by using pure actin, yielding improved coordination in networks compared with individual filaments or proteinoids. Temperature changes (20 short-peptide supramolecular C to 80 °C) regulate conduction states, demonstrating external control over emergent excitability in protobrain systems. Adding actin to proteinoids reduces spike timing variability, providing a more uniform feature distribution. These findings support theoretical models proposing cytoskeletal matrices for functional specification in synthetic protocell brains, promoting stable interaction complexity. The study concludes that life-like signal encoding can emerge spontaneously within biological polymer scaffolds, incorporating abiotic chemistry.",
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11191697/",
    doi = "10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01107",
    pmcid = "PMC11191697",
    pmid = "38837748"
}