@article{richards1954secular,
    author = "Richards, A.G.",
    title = "SECULAR HUMANISM",
    year = "1954",
    journal = "The Lancet",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(54)92807-x",
    doi = "10.1016/s0140-6736(54)92807-x",
    number = "6825",
    pages = "1297-1298",
    volume = "263"
}

@misc{kurtz1980a4,
    author = "Kurtz, P",
    title = "A Secular Humanist Declaration",
    year = "1980",
    howpublished = "Free Inquiry, v. 1, no. 1, p. 3-6",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kurtz, P., 1980, A Secular Humanist Declaration: Free Inquiry, v. 1, no. 1, p. 3-6.}"
}

@misc{kurtz1981the5,
    author = "Kurtz, P",
    title = "The State Should Be Neutral",
    year = "1981",
    howpublished = "Free Inquiry, v. 1, no. 2, p. 11-12",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kurtz, P., 1981, The State Should Be Neutral: Free Inquiry, v. 1, no. 2, p. 11-12.}"
}

@misc{webber1982secular8,
    author = "Webber, R. E",
    title = "Secular Humanism",
    year = "1982",
    howpublished = "Threat and Challenge: Grand Rapids, Michigan, Zondervan",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Webber, R. E., 1982, Secular Humanism: Threat and Challenge: Grand Rapids, Michigan, Zondervan.}"
}

@misc{bollier1984the2,
    author = "Bollier, D",
    title = "The Witch Hunt Against 'Secular Humanism",
    year = "1984",
    howpublished = "The Humanist, v. 50, p. 11-19",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bollier, D., 1984, The Witch Hunt Against 'Secular Humanism': The Humanist, v. 50, p. 11-19.}"
}

@misc{beattie1985the1,
    author = "Beattie, P. H",
    title = "The Religion of Secular Humanism",
    year = "1985",
    howpublished = "Free Inquiry, v. 6, no. 1, p. 12-17",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Beattie, P. H., 1985, The Religion of Secular Humanism: Free Inquiry, v. 6, no. 1, p. 12-17.}"
}

@misc{kurtz1985homer6,
    author = "Kurtz, P",
    title = "Homer Duncan's Crusade Against Secular Humanism",
    year = "1985",
    howpublished = "Free Inquiry, v. 6, no. 1, p. 37-42",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kurtz, P., 1985, Homer Duncan's Crusade Against Secular Humanism: Free Inquiry, v. 6, no. 1, p. 37-42.}"
}

@misc{burke1986is3,
    author = "Burke, R. J",
    title = "Is Secularism Neutral?",
    year = "1986",
    howpublished = "Free Inquiry, v. 6, no. 4, p. 9",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Burke, R. J., 1986, Is Secularism Neutral?: Free Inquiry, v. 6, no. 4, p. 9.}"
}

@misc{kurtz1987breaking7,
    author = "Kurtz, P",
    title = "Breaking with the Old Humanism",
    year = "1987",
    howpublished = "Free Inquiry, v. 8, no. 1, p. 5",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kurtz, P., 1987, Breaking with the Old Humanism: Free Inquiry, v. 8, no. 1, p. 5.}"
}

@article{mcgowan1996rebt,
    author = "McGowan, A. Scott",
    title = "REBT: Secular Humanism Versus Spiritual Humanism?",
    year = "1996",
    journal = "The Journal of Humanistic Education and Development",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-4683.1996.tb00355.x",
    doi = "10.1002/j.2164-4683.1996.tb00355.x",
    number = "2",
    pages = "67-68",
    volume = "35"
}

@misc{crossref2006humanism,
    title = "Humanism, Secular",
    year = "2006",
    booktitle = "Encyclopedia of Anthropology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412952453.n457",
    doi = "10.4135/9781412952453.n457"
}

@misc{engelhardt2006secular,
    author = "Engelhardt, H Tristram and Rasmussen, Lisa M",
    title = "Secular Humanism",
    year = "2006",
    booktitle = "Encyclopedia of Life Sciences",
    abstract = "Secular humanism is an attempt to offer a common moral vision based on a nonreligious conception of what is most truly ‘human’.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0005890",
    doi = "10.1002/9780470015902.a0005890"
}

@misc{crossref2007secular,
    title = "Secular Humanism",
    year = "2007",
    booktitle = "Encyclopedia of Politics and Religion",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4135/9781608712427.s289",
    doi = "10.4135/9781608712427.s289"
}

@misc{crossref2010secular,
    title = "Secular Humanism",
    year = "2010",
    booktitle = "Encyclopedia of Educational Reform and Dissent",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412957403.n393",
    doi = "10.4135/9781412957403.n393"
}

@article{s25971dd91ef3234d39d64fe95b214af11c95957af,
    author = "Goldford, Dennis J.",
    title = "The Radicalization of Establishment Clause Jurisprudence",
    year = "2010",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5971dd91ef3234d39d64fe95b214af11c95957af",
    is_oa = "true",
    semanticscholar_id = "5971dd91ef3234d39d64fe95b214af11c95957af"
}

@article{s203bd9568a35b7c28f0693967c69b1e12450b8e6e,
    author = "Khan, M. O.",
    title = "Secular Foundations of Liberal Multiculturalism",
    year = "2011",
    publisher = "Georgia State University",
    abstract = "In pursuit of a just political order, Will Kymlicka has defended a liberal conception of multiculturalism.  The persuasive appeal of his argument, like that of secular-liberalism more generally, is due to presenting liberalism as a neutral and universal political project.  Utilizing Charles Taylor's genealogy of 'exclusive humanism' in A Secular Age, this thesis attempts to re-read Kymlicka in order to make certain theological commitments in his work explicit.  Here I argue that Kymlicka, in order to make his conception of multiculturalism plausible, relies on a theologically-thick and controversial humanism operating under secular conditions of belief.  By committing himself to a particular conception of the human and specific conditions of belief, Kymlicka's liberal multiculturalism is rendered provincially incoherent because it fails to treat in a neutral manner certain theological commitments.",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/03bd9568a35b7c28f0693967c69b1e12450b8e6e",
    doi = "10.57709/2101886",
    is_oa = "true",
    semanticscholar_id = "03bd9568a35b7c28f0693967c69b1e12450b8e6e"
}

@article{doi105860choice187822,
    author = "Kitcher, P.",
    title = "Life After Faith: The Case for Secular Humanism",
    year = "2014",
    journal = "Choice Reviews Online",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0288e3ba28ab36f33e710787325b867d3fa93d95",
    doi = "10.5860/choice.187822",
    is_oa = "true",
    number = "06",
    pages = "52-3052-52-3052",
    semanticscholar_citation_count = "27",
    semanticscholar_id = "0288e3ba28ab36f33e710787325b867d3fa93d95",
    volume = "52"
}

@incollection{fry2014christian,
    author = "Fry, Karin",
    title = "Christian Conservatives and the War against Secular Humanism",
    year = "2014",
    booktitle = "Beyond Religious Right and Secular Left Rhetoric",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137408266\_2",
    doi = "10.1057/9781137408266\_2",
    pages = "17-69"
}

@book{blankholm2017secularism,
    author = "Blankholm, Joseph",
    title = "Secularism, Humanism, and Secular Humanism",
    year = "2017",
    booktitle = "Oxford Handbooks Online",
    abstract = "This chapter considers recent American attempts to recognize secular humanism as a religion in light of more than a century of debates over the religiosity of secularism and humanism. It offers a history of these terms’ codependent evolution in the United States by focusing on the individuals, groups, and institutions that have adopted them and shaped their meanings. The chapter also argues that those who use these terms today bear forth a fraught and sometimes self-contradicting inheritance. In order to recognize the stakes of contemporary struggles over the meaning and purpose of secularism, one needs a deeper understanding of how the term has come to bear its traces and how it fits within a shifting constellation of labels and concepts.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.42",
    doi = "10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.42"
}

@incollection{crossref20172,
    title = "2 Secular Humanism",
    year = "2017",
    booktitle = "Education's End",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300138160-004",
    doi = "10.12987/9780300138160-004",
    pages = "37-90"
}

@article{doi101017s0022046917000926,
    author = "Royle, E.",
    title = "Becoming atheist. Humanism and the secular West. By Callum G. Brown. Pp. x + 231 incl. 3 tables. London–New York: Bloomsbury, 2017. £21.99 (paper). 978 1 4742 2452 9",
    year = "2017",
    journal = "The Journal of Ecclesiastical History",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5be48a1523caa401e5272ac3720b3ae2e1ca5e44",
    doi = "10.1017/S0022046917000926",
    is_oa = "true",
    number = "4",
    pages = "911-913",
    semanticscholar_id = "5be48a1523caa401e5272ac3720b3ae2e1ca5e44",
    volume = "68"
}

@article{doi101353rhm20190026,
    author = "Steinberg, Samuel H",
    title = "The Secular Duty: Latin Americanism as Criollo Humanism",
    year = "2019",
    journal = "Revista Hispánica Moderna",
    abstract = {Abstract:Latin Americanism is best understood as a political-theological formation, which produces the "justification" for its literary-philosophic enterprise as a sacrifice unto the payment of debts, the fulfillment of obligations, and, generally, its servitude to the social order. This article advances the argument that Latin Americanist critique has been, despite its best intentions, a deeply criollo endeavor (often with the racialized valences that the signifier suggests). A Spanish colonial heritage and a certain racialized inscription that works to immunize the Latin Americanist endeavor against theoretical speculation has resulted in a Latin Americanism that has been highly inconsequential: belletrism or "political engagement" as the twin face of a field that can too often only understand itself in terms of its service to a power from which it is at pains to maintain its difference. Engaging decolonial thought, on the one hand, and liberal literary criticism, on the other, I argue that Latin Americanist critique's missed encounter with deconstruction remains a symptomatic scene of its failure to emerge from its criollo heritage.},
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4eaf88b69bf6199e2e2b3645754a512b27eb5864",
    doi = "10.1353/rhm.2019.0026",
    is_oa = "true",
    number = "2",
    pages = "209-218",
    semanticscholar_citation_count = "1",
    semanticscholar_id = "4eaf88b69bf6199e2e2b3645754a512b27eb5864",
    volume = "72"
}

@article{stenmark2022secular,
    author = "Stenmark, Mikael",
    title = "Secular Worldviews: Scientific Naturalism and Secular Humanism",
    year = "2022",
    journal = "European Journal for Philosophy of Religion",
    abstract = "In this essay, I maintain that although atheism, minimally construed, consists simply of the belief that there is no God or gods, atheists must embrace a secular worldview of one kind or another. Since they cannot be without a worldview, atheists must develop an alternative to the religious, especially the theistic, worldviews which they, by implication, reject. Further, I argue that there are, at the very least, two options available to atheists and that these should not be conflated or treated as one and the same. The two options that I explore and distinguish are scientism and secular humanism. I also maintain that the things that might count as good grounds for or against secular or religious worldviews are shaped significantly by whether atheists embrace scientism or secular humanism.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.2022.3640",
    doi = "10.24204/ejpr.2022.3640",
    number = "4",
    volume = "14"
}

@article{doi102478ebce20240017,
    author = "Švaňa, Lukáš",
    title = "Jaroslav Čelko and his role in the development of scientific atheism as secular humanism in Slovakia",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Ethics \& Bioethics",
    abstract = "Abstract The post-war generation of Marxist Slovak intelligentsia was formed from people who had experience with the war and this experience in the fight against fascism, together with the pre-war social situation, were the main reasons of their inclinations towards the theory of socialism and at the same time caused their sharp criticism of the Church and its ideas. Jaroslav Čelko can also be included in the generation of these authors, and this paper describes and explores his ideas and their influence on the development of secular humanism during the existence of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and after its disintegration. At the same time, the aim of the paper is to evaluate the influences and connections between the ideas of scientific atheism (including examples of the works of Jaroslav Čelko) and secular humanism in Slovakia.",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/001d53481bce092c66ab4a6c090bcc32717e298e",
    doi = "10.2478/ebce-2024-0017",
    is_oa = "true",
    number = "3-4",
    pages = "249-258",
    semanticscholar_id = "001d53481bce092c66ab4a6c090bcc32717e298e",
    volume = "14"
}

@misc{doi1010179781009629294,
    author = "McClure, George",
    title = "Family, Vocation, and Humanism in the Italian Renaissance",
    year = "2025",
    abstract = "The first generations of Italian Humanists, which included Petrarch, Boccaccio, Giovanni Conversini, and Leon Battista Alberti, wrestled with the crisis of vocational choice amid struggles with their natal and conjugal families. Instead of following their fathers into conventional and reliably stable professions, they instead chose a literary and scholarly path not yet recognized as a viable profession. The inchoate nature of their careers, together with their propensity to write about themselves, created a unique setting for the emergence of modern notions of secular vocation. In this study, George McClure analyzes the rich residue of humanist writings – letters, autobiographies, dialogues, polemics, and fictional works – that defined the values of a literary life against the traditional models of monk, priest, physician, lawyer, or merchant. Collectively, they serve as the first substantive discourse on the moral and psychological meaning of work, which helped to lay the foundation for a general concept of secular vocation.",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3a1969c7d437d94c5786d1955805e4cc499f6a01",
    doi = "10.1017/9781009629294",
    is_oa = "true",
    semanticscholar_id = "3a1969c7d437d94c5786d1955805e4cc499f6a01"
}

@article{doi1010801476772420252511292,
    author = "Chatelier, S. and Rudolph, Sophie",
    title = "Unsettling the despair of a fragmented world: education, hope and refiguring Said’s humanism",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "Globalisation, Societies and Education",
    abstract = "ABSTRACT This essay reflects on the significance of Edward Said’s contribution to scholarship and intellectual life, emphasising how his theorising and methods unsettle orthodoxies of thought, identity, and politics. As an introduction to the Special Issue – Edward Said: unsettling education in a fragmented world – the essay takes up important themes in Said’s practice of critical humanism, bringing them into conversation with the arguments put forward by each of the contributions to the issue. Set against the backdrop of the 20th anniversary of the posthumous publication of Said’s Humanism and Democratic Criticism coinciding with the war in Gaza, the essay aims to demonstrate the importance of Said’s humanism in its connections to the condition of exile, anti-imperialism, non-essentialism, secular criticism, and the call of justice. Ultimately, this essay, along with each of the other contributions to the Special Issue, is concerned with the importance of, and possibilities within, Said’s humanism for ways of thinking about and practising education that is aimed at unsettling despair in a fragmented world, and toward solidarities of hope.",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36c0de44841eedcddd3091e6b05a95f71e3c9629",
    doi = "10.1080/14767724.2025.2511292",
    is_oa = "true",
    number = "5",
    pages = "1097-1103",
    semanticscholar_id = "36c0de44841eedcddd3091e6b05a95f71e3c9629",
    volume = "23"
}

@incollection{crossrefNonechristian,
    title = "Christian Conservatives and the War against Secular Humanism",
    year = "None",
    booktitle = "Beyond Religious Right and Secular Left Rhetoric",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137408266.0004",
    doi = "10.1057/9781137408266.0004"
}