@book{dobzhansky1937genetics2,
    author = "Dobzhansky, T",
    title = "Genetics and the Origin of Species [1st ed.]",
    year = "1937",
    publisher = "New York, Columbia University Press",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Dobzhansky, T., 1937, Genetics and the Origin of Species [1st ed.]: New York, Columbia University Press.}"
}

@article{alexander1963animal,
    author = "Alexander, Richard D.",
    title = "Animal Species, Evolution, and Geographic Isolation",
    year = "1963",
    journal = "Systematic Zoology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/2411761",
    doi = "10.2307/2411761",
    number = "4",
    pages = "202",
    volume = "12"
}

@misc{cain1963animal1,
    author = "Cain, A. J",
    title = "Animal Species and Their Evolution [2nd ed.]",
    year = "1963",
    howpublished = "London, Hutchinson",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Cain, A. J., 1963, Animal Species and Their Evolution [2nd ed.]: London, Hutchinson.}"
}

@misc{mayr1963animal,
    author = "Mayr, Ernst",
    title = "Animal Species and Evolution",
    year = "1963",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674865327",
    doi = "10.4159/harvard.9780674865327"
}

@book{mayr1963animal3,
    author = "Mayr, E",
    title = "Animal Species and Evolution",
    year = "1963",
    publisher = "Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Mayr, E., 1963, Animal Species and Evolution: Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press.}"
}

@article{inger1964animal,
    author = "Inger, Robert F. and Mayr, Ernst",
    title = "Animal Species and Evolution",
    year = "1964",
    journal = "Copeia",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/1440881",
    doi = "10.2307/1440881",
    number = "1",
    pages = "245",
    volume = "1964"
}

@article{s2343636acfd7b4e72e423ba2a4426e2fd7af7b01e,
    author = "Horridge, G.",
    title = "Animal species and evolution.",
    year = "1964",
    journal = "The Eugenics Review",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/343636acfd7b4e72e423ba2a4426e2fd7af7b01e",
    is_oa = "true",
    semanticscholar_citation_count = "4604",
    semanticscholar_id = "343636acfd7b4e72e423ba2a4426e2fd7af7b01e"
}

@article{stebbins1964the,
    author = "Stebbins, G. Ledyard",
    title = "THE EVOLUTION OF ANIMAL SPECIES",
    year = "1964",
    journal = "Evolution",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1964.tb01582.x",
    doi = "10.1111/j.1558-5646.1964.tb01582.x",
    number = "1",
    pages = "134-137",
    volume = "18"
}

@article{cain1965animal,
    author = "Cain, Arthur J.",
    title = "Animal Species and Evolution Ernst Mayr",
    year = "1965",
    journal = "The Auk",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/4083237",
    doi = "10.2307/4083237",
    number = "4",
    pages = "654-657",
    volume = "82"
}

@article{love1971populations,
    author = "Love, Askell and Mayr, Ernst",
    title = "Populations, Species, and Evolution. An Abridgment of Animal Species and Evolution",
    year = "1971",
    journal = "The Bryologist",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/3241850",
    doi = "10.2307/3241850",
    number = "2",
    pages = "226",
    volume = "74"
}

@misc{raup1976species4,
    author = "Raup, D. M",
    title = "Species diversity in the Phanerozoic",
    year = "1976",
    howpublished = "an interpretation: Paleobiology, v. 2, p. 289-297",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Raup, D. M., 1976, Species diversity in the Phanerozoic: an interpretation: Paleobiology, v. 2, p. 289-297.}"
}

@misc{valentine1977transspecific5,
    author = "Valentine, J. W",
    title = "Transspecific Evolution, in Dobzhansky, T., Ayala, F. J., Stebbins, G. L., and Valentine, J. W., eds., Evolution",
    year = "1977",
    howpublished = "San Francisco, W. H. Freeman \& Co., p. 233-261",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Valentine, J. W., 1977, Transspecific Evolution, in Dobzhansky, T., Ayala, F. J., Stebbins, G. L., and Valentine, J. W., eds., Evolution: San Francisco, W. H. Freeman \& Co., p. 233-261.}"
}

@article{doi101073pnas7641967,
    author = "Brown, W. and George, M. and Wilson, A.",
    title = "Rapid evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA.",
    year = "1979",
    journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
    abstract = "Mitochondrial DNA was purified from four species of higher primates (Guinea baboon, rhesus macaque, guenon, and human) and digested with 11 restriction endonucleases. A cleavage map was constructed for the mitochondrial DNA of each species. Comparison of the maps, aligned with respect to the origin and direction of DNA replication, revealed that the species differ from one another at most of the cleavage sites. The degree of divergence in nucleotide sequence at these sites was calculated from the fraction of cleavage sites shared by each pair of species. By plotting the degree of divergence in mitochondrial DNA against time of divergence, the rate of base substitution could be calculated from the initial slope of the curve. The value obtained, 0.02 substitutions per base pair per million years, was compared with the value for single-copy nuclear DNA. The rate of evolution of the mitochondrial genome appears to exceed that of the single-copy fraction of the nuclear genome by a factor of about 10. This high rate may be due, in part, to an elevated rate of mutation in mitochondrial DNA. Because of the high rate of evolution, mitochondrial DNA is likely to be an extremely useful molecule to employ for high-resolution analysis of the evolutionary process.",
    url = "https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc383514?pdf=render",
    doi = "10.1073/PNAS.76.4.1967",
    is_oa = "true",
    number = "4",
    pages = "1967-1971",
    semanticscholar_citation_count = "3300",
    semanticscholar_id = "b4cf89e5bbc66ef2100dd357d09d0068d9bac90d",
    volume = "76"
}

@book{cain1993animal,
    author = "Cain, Arthur J.",
    title = "Animal Species and Their Evolution",
    year = "1993",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400863273",
    doi = "10.1515/9781400863273"
}

@article{brooks1994animal,
    author = "Brooks, Daniel R.",
    title = "Animal species and their evolution",
    year = "1994",
    journal = "Trends in Ecology \& Evolution",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(94)90187-2",
    doi = "10.1016/0169-5347(94)90187-2",
    number = "4",
    pages = "153-154",
    volume = "9"
}

@article{bullini1994origin,
    author = "Bullini, Luciano",
    title = "Origin and evolution of animal hybrid species",
    year = "1994",
    journal = "Trends in Ecology \& Evolution",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(94)90124-4",
    doi = "10.1016/0169-5347(94)90124-4",
    number = "11",
    pages = "422-426",
    volume = "9"
}

@article{doi101111j1469185x200700010x,
    author = "Réale, D. and Reader, S. and Sol, D. and McDougall, P. T. and Dingemanse, N.",
    title = "Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution",
    year = "2007",
    journal = "Biological Reviews",
    abstract = "Temperament describes the idea that individual behavioural differences are repeatable over time and across situations. This common phenomenon covers numerous traits, such as aggressiveness, avoidance of novelty, willingness to take risks, exploration, and sociality. The study of temperament is central to animal psychology, behavioural genetics, pharmacology, and animal husbandry, but relatively few studies have examined the ecology and evolution of temperament traits. This situation is surprising, given that temperament is likely to exert an important influence on many aspects of animal ecology and evolution, and that individual variation in temperament appears to be pervasive amongst animal species. Possible explanations for this neglect of temperament include a perceived irrelevance, an insufficient understanding of the link between temperament traits and fitness, and a lack of coherence in terminology with similar traits often given different names, or different traits given the same name. We propose that temperament can and should be studied within an evolutionary ecology framework and provide a terminology that could be used as a working tool for ecological studies of temperament. Our terminology includes five major temperament trait categories: shyness‐boldness, exploration‐avoidance, activity, sociability and aggressiveness. This terminology does not make inferences regarding underlying dispositions or psychological processes, which may have restrained ecologists and evolutionary biologists from working on these traits. We present extensive literature reviews that demonstrate that temperament traits are heritable, and linked to fitness and to several other traits of importance to ecology and evolution. Furthermore, we describe ecologically relevant measurement methods and point to several ecological and evolutionary topics that would benefit from considering temperament, such as phenotypic plasticity, conservation biology, population sampling, and invasion biology.",
    url = "https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/25732/reader\_07\_integratinganimaltemperament.pdf?sequence=1\&isAllowed=y",
    doi = "10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00010.x",
    is_oa = "true",
    number = "2",
    pages = "291-318",
    semanticscholar_citation_count = "3268",
    semanticscholar_id = "6c8a3a23a9dda76402597d002ba0ca649befabe0",
    volume = "82"
}

@article{doi101016jympev201406016,
    author = "Peng, Guangda and Shi, Xiao and Kadowaki, Tatsuhiko",
    title = "Evolution of TRP channels inferred by their classification in diverse animal species",
    year = "2014",
    journal = "Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.016",
    doi = "10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.016",
    openalex = "W2066880427",
    references = "doi101242dev085464"
}

@article{doi105860choice195747,
    title = "The secret of our success: how culture is driving human evolution, domesticating our species, and making us smarter",
    year = "2016",
    journal = "Choice Reviews Online",
    abstract = "Preface ix 1 A Puzzling Primate 1 2 It's Not Our Intelligence 8 3 Lost European Explorers 22 4 How to Make a Cultural Species 34 5 What Are Big Brains For? Or, How Culture Stole Our Guts 54 6 Why Some People Have Blue Eyes 83 7 On the Origin of Faith 97 8 Prestige, Dominance, and Menopause 117 9 In-Laws, Incest Taboos, and Rituals 140 10 Intergroup Competition Shapes Cultural Evolution 166 11 Self-Domestication 185 12 Our Collective Brains 211 13 Communicative Tools with Rules 231 14 Enculturated Brains and Honorable Hormones 260 15 When We Crossed the Rubicon 280 16 Why Us? 296 17 A New Kind of Animal 314 Notes 333 References 373 Illustration Credits 429 Index 431",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.195747",
    doi = "10.5860/choice.195747",
    openalex = "W2255750102"
}

@article{doi101002bies201700158,
    author = "Taverne, Y. and Merkus, D. and Bogers, A. and Halliwell, B. and Duncker, D. and Lyons, T.",
    title = "Reactive Oxygen Species: Radical Factors in the Evolution of Animal Life: A molecular timescale from Earth's earliest history to the rise of complex life.",
    year = "2018",
    journal = "BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology",
    abstract = "Introduction of O 2 to Earth's early biosphere stimulated remarkable evolutionary adaptations, and a wide range of electron acceptors allowed diverse, energy‐yielding metabolic pathways. Enzymatic reduction of O 2 yielded a several‐fold increase in energy production, enabling evolution of multi‐cellular animal life. However, utilization of O 2 also presented major challenges as O 2 and many of its derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly toxic, possibly impeding multicellular evolution after the Great Oxidation Event. Remarkably, ROS, and especially hydrogen peroxide, seem to play a major part in early diversification and further development of cellular respiration and other oxygenic pathways, thus becoming an intricate part of evolution of complex life. Hence, although harnessing of chemical and thermo‐dynamic properties of O 2 for aerobic metabolism is generally considered to be an evolutionary milestone, the ability to use ROS for cell signaling and regulation may have been the first true breakthrough in development of complex life.",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0e437246f1abd7f9c5a1d494b4c9102d6a0f5ddc",
    doi = "10.1002/bies.201700158",
    is_oa = "true",
    number = "3",
    semanticscholar_citation_count = "86",
    semanticscholar_id = "0e437246f1abd7f9c5a1d494b4c9102d6a0f5ddc",
    volume = "40"
}

@article{doi101016jcelrep2021108803,
    author = "Wang, Jingjing and Sun, Huiyu and Jiang, Mengmeng and Li, Jiaqi and Zhang, Peijing and Chen, Haide and Mei, Yuqing and Fei, Lijiang and Lai, Shujing and Han, Xiaoping and Song, Xinhui and Xu, Suhong and Chen, Ming and Ouyang, Hongwei and Zhang, Dan and Yuan, Guo‐Cheng and Guo, Guoji",
    title = "Tracing cell-type evolution by cross-species comparison of cell atlases",
    year = "2021",
    journal = "Cell Reports",
    abstract = "Cell types are the basic building units of multicellular life, with extensive diversities. The evolution of cell types is a crucial layer of comparative cell biology but is thus far not comprehensively studied. We define a compendium of cell atlases using single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data from seven animal species and construct a cross-species cell-type evolutionary hierarchy. We present a roadmap for the origin and diversity of major cell categories and find that muscle and neuron cells are conserved cell types. Furthermore, we identify a cross-species transcription factor (TF) repertoire that specifies major cell categories. Overall, our study reveals conservation and divergence of cell types during animal evolution, which will further expand the landscape of comparative genomics.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108803",
    doi = "10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108803",
    openalex = "W3134710066",
    references = "doi101002wdev222, doi101007s00441019030966"
}

@article{doi101038s4155902101488y,
    author = "Kahrl, A. and Snook, Rhonda R. and Fitzpatrick, J.",
    title = "Fertilization mode drives sperm length evolution across the animal tree of life",
    year = "2021",
    journal = "Nature Ecology \& Evolution",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/90f0f0d391364572f154e1e448bcf4b13332daf5",
    doi = "10.1038/s41559-021-01488-y",
    is_oa = "true",
    number = "8",
    pages = "1153-1164",
    semanticscholar_citation_count = "53",
    semanticscholar_id = "90f0f0d391364572f154e1e448bcf4b13332daf5",
    volume = "5"
}

@article{doi101038s4146702234828y,
    author = "Klughammer, J. and Romanovskaia, Daria and Nemc, A. and Posautz, A. and Seid, C. and Schuster, L. and Keinath, Melissa C. and Ramos, J. S. Lugo and Kosack, Lindsay and Evankow, Ann and Printz, D. and Kirchberger, Stefanie and Ergüner, B. and Datlinger, Paul and Fortelny, N. and Schmidl, Christian and Farlik, M. and Skjærven, K. and Bergthaler, A. and Liedvogel, Miriam and Thaller, Denise and Burger, P. and Hermann, Marcela and Distel, M. and Distel, D. and Kübber-Heiss, A. and Bock, Christoph",
    title = "Comparative analysis of genome-scale, base-resolution DNA methylation profiles across 580 animal species",
    year = "2022",
    journal = "Nature Communications",
    abstract = "Methylation of cytosines is a prototypic epigenetic modification of the DNA. It has been implicated in various regulatory mechanisms across the animal kingdom and particularly in vertebrates. We mapped DNA methylation in 580 animal species (535 vertebrates, 45 invertebrates), resulting in 2443 genome-scale DNA methylation profiles of multiple organs. Bioinformatic analysis of this large dataset quantified the association of DNA methylation with the underlying genomic DNA sequence throughout vertebrate evolution. We observed a broadly conserved link with two major transitions—once in the first vertebrates and again with the emergence of reptiles. Cross-species comparisons focusing on individual organs supported a deeply conserved association of DNA methylation with tissue type, and cross-mapping analysis of DNA methylation at gene promoters revealed evolutionary changes for orthologous genes. In summary, this study establishes a large resource of vertebrate and invertebrate DNA methylomes, it showcases the power of reference-free epigenome analysis in species for which no reference genomes are available, and it contributes an epigenetic perspective to the study of vertebrate evolution. DNA methylation is involved in regulatory processes throughout the animal kingdom. Here, the authors map DNA methylation in 535 vertebrates and 45 invertebrates, establishing a reference dataset for cross-species analysis and exploring epigenetic variation across vertebrate evolution.",
    url = "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-34828-y.pdf",
    doi = "10.1038/s41467-022-34828-y",
    is_oa = "true",
    number = "1",
    semanticscholar_citation_count = "78",
    semanticscholar_id = "aa1b0f8a6fd5dad8f36085c6561d7223b47c47e8",
    volume = "14"
}