@article{bondi1948the,
    author = "Bondi, H. and Gold, T.",
    title = "The Steady-State Theory of the Expanding Universe",
    year = "1948",
    journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/108.3.252",
    doi = "10.1093/mnras/108.3.252",
    number = "3",
    pages = "252-270",
    volume = "108"
}

@misc{slusher1978the1,
    author = "Slusher, H. S",
    title = "The origin of the universe",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "an examination of the big-bang and steady-state cosmogenies: ICR Technical Monograph, v. 8; Institute for Creation Research, 50 pp",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Slusher, H. S., 1978, The origin of the universe: an examination of the big-bang and steady-state cosmogenies: ICR Technical Monograph, v. 8; Institute for Creation Research, 50 pp.}"
}

@incollection{bondi1979129,
    author = "Bondi, Hermann and Gold, Thomas",
    title = "129. The Steady-State Theory of the Expanding Universe",
    year = "1979",
    booktitle = "A Source Book in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1900–1975",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674366688.c138",
    doi = "10.4159/harvard.9780674366688.c138",
    pages = "853-863"
}

@article{doi101073pnas2515423122,
    author = "Piñero, Jordi and Kolchinsky, Artemy and Redner, Sidney and Solé, Ricard",
    title = "Neutral theory of cooperative dynamics.",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
    abstract = "Mutualistic interactions are widespread in nature, from plant communities and microbiomes to human organizations. Along with competition for resources, cooperative interactions shape biodiversity and contribute to the robustness of complex ecosystems. We present a stochastic neutral theory of cooperator species. Our model shares with the classic neutral theory of biodiversity the assumption that all species are equivalent, but crucially differs in requiring cooperation between species for replication. With low migration, our model displays a bimodal species-abundance distribution, with a high-abundance mode associated with a core of cooperating species. This core is responsible for maintaining a diverse pool of long-lived species, which are present even at very small migration rates. We derive analytical expressions of the steady-state species abundance distribution, as well as scaling laws for diversity, number of species, and residence times. With high migration, our model recovers the results of classic neutral theory. We briefly discuss implications of our analysis for research on the microbiome, synthetic biology, and the origin of life.",
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12745680/",
    doi = "10.1073/pnas.2515423122",
    pmcid = "PMC12745680",
    pmid = "41417606"
}

@misc{matsuoka2025black,
    author = "Matsuoka, Takafumi",
    title = "Black Hole Fractal Steady - State Universe detailed version / ブラックホール・フラクタル定常宇宙論 詳細版",
    year = "2025",
    publisher = "Zenodo",
    abstract = "Short Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive formulation of the BFSSU (Black Hole Fractal Steady-State Universe) cosmology, addressing fundamental inconsistencies in the standard ΛCDM model, including the non-detection of dark matter and dark energy, early formation of massive structures, and the physical origin of cosmic acceleration. BFSSU redefines the universe as an open, non-equilibrium, hierarchical system composed of fractally connected universes linked through black holes. Central to the model is the Dual Mass Flow (DMF) mechanism, in which continuous mass inflow from a parent universe and counter-flow within the child universe jointly generate gravitational effects and cosmic expansion. By deriving DMF-modified Friedmann equations, the theory demonstrates that accelerated expansion arises naturally without invoking dark energy, while dark matter phenomena emerge as geometric consequences of hierarchical mass flux rather than unseen particles. The model consistently explains galactic rotation curves, large-scale structure, and early supermassive black hole formation, and provides multiple observationally falsifiable predictions testable by current and future astronomical observations.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1530-4234

Japanese Abstract

本論文は、現代宇宙論が標準理論として採用してきた ΛCDM モデルが抱える暗黒物質・暗黒エネルギー未検出問題、初期宇宙における巨大構造形成、加速膨張の物理的起源といった諸矛盾を、宇宙を「閉じた単一階層系」とみなす前提そのものに求め、その前提を刷新する包括的宇宙論モデルを提示する。提案される BFSSU(Black Hole Fractal Steady-State Universe)理論は、宇宙をブラックホールによって連結された階層的・フラクタル構造を持つ開放非平衡系として再定義し、親宇宙からの質量流入と子宇宙内部からの逆向きフラックスが干渉する二重質量流動(Dual Mass Flow: DMF)を重力と膨張の根源原理として導入する。本論文では、DMF に基づく拡張 Friedmann 方程式を導出し、暗黒エネルギーを仮定せずに加速膨張が生じる条件を示すとともに、暗黒物質現象を粒子仮説なしで重力フラックスの幾何学的効果として再解釈する。さらに、銀河回転曲線、大規模構造、初期巨大ブラックホール形成などの観測事実を統一的に説明し、JWST や重力波観測などによる反証可能な予測を提示することで、BFSSU を検証可能な新標準宇宙論候補として位置づける。",
    url = "https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.17948058",
    doi = "10.5281/zenodo.17948058"
}

@misc{acharya2026selfreferential,
    author = "Acharya, Zhenyuan",
    title = "Self-Referential Mind Field Evolution and the Evolutionary Leap of Terrestrial Life: A New Interpretation in YuanXian Theory with 1.8 Billion Years as the Boundary of the Cosmic Life Cycle",
    year = "2026",
    publisher = "Zenodo",
    abstract = "This paper provides a novel ontological interpretation of the critical geological-biological node at 1.8 billion years ago in Earth’s history based on the core axiomatic system of YuanXian Theory. Traditional views regard this period as the beginning of the “Boring Billion,” emphasizing environmental stability and evolutionary “stagnation.” However, this paper proposes that 1.8 billion years ago marks a preset critical point in the complete 13.8-billion-year life cycle of the universe, representing a fundamental transition from the “physical-material construction phase” to the “life-awareness internalization phase.”

We first systematically reconstruct the complete ecological niche of Earth at 1.8 billion years ago: the Columbia Supercontinent was in a tectonically quiescent period; the atmosphere was low in oxygen with no effective ozone layer; the oceans exhibited stable chemical stratification; and life consisted of dominant prokaryotes and newly emerged unicellular eukaryotes, all confined to shallow marine waters. This unique and stable planetary environment constituted the “cosmic culture dish” necessary for life to achieve a structural leap.

Furthermore, this paper proposes for the first time a “Four-Phase 13.8-Billion-Year Cosmic Life Cycle Model” based on YuanXian axioms, anchoring the origin of eukaryotic cells at 1.8 billion years ago precisely as the boundary between the third phase (life foundation phase) and the fourth phase (self-awareness ascension phase). We argue that eukaryogenesis was not a random mutation but an inevitable event driven by the self-referential mind field (Ψ) under the encoding of the 64-dimensional toroidal topology ($T^{64}$), realizing “information encapsulation” and “individualized self-referential closure” at the planetary scale for the first time. It marks a meta-transition in cosmic evolutionary logic: shifting from focusing on external material structure and energy flow construction to devoting itself to internal information processing, complex structure generation, and the accumulation of awareness potential. Therefore, the so-called “Boring Billion” should be redefined as a necessary steady-state iteration period in which the cosmic mind field performed information fidelity, structural optimization, and complexity accumulation on eukaryotic carriers, laying an indispensable foundational architecture for subsequent multicellularization and the emergence of consciousness.

This study provides the first rigorous multi-level isomorphic argument linking specific geological-biological events with abstract cosmic evolutionary meta-logic, offering a derivable and logically self-consistent unified framework based on first principles for understanding the origin of life, the direction of evolution, and the nature of consciousness.",
    url = "https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.19843834",
    doi = "10.5281/zenodo.19843834"
}