Biochronology

@incollection{crossref1978biochronology,
    title = "Biochronology",
    year = "1978",
    booktitle = "Contributions to the Geologic Time Scale",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1306/st6398c4",
    doi = "10.1306/st6398c4",
    pages = "39-55"
}

@article{lewin1985molecular,
    author = "Lewin, Roger",
    title = "Molecular Clocks Scrutinized",
    year = "1985",
    journal = "Science",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3983640",
    doi = "10.1126/science.3983640",
    number = "4699",
    pages = "571-571",
    volume = "228"
}

@misc{lewin1985molecular2,
    author = "Lewin, R",
    title = "Molecular clocks scrutinized",
    year = "1985",
    howpublished = "Science, v. 228, p. 571",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Lewin, R., 1985, Molecular clocks scrutinized: Science, v. 228, p. 571.}"
}

@article{bralower1993towards,
    author = "{BRALOWER, T. J., S. E. MOCK, J. H.}",
    title = "Towards Morphometric Biochronology",
    year = "1993",
    journal = "AAPG Bulletin",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1306/d9cb52af-1715-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    doi = "10.1306/d9cb52af-1715-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    volume = "77"
}

@article{hall1998molecular,
    author = "Hall, Jeffrey C and Sassone-Corsi, Paolo",
    title = "Molecular clocks",
    year = "1998",
    journal = "Current Opinion in Neurobiology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0959-4388(98)80091-3",
    doi = "10.1016/s0959-4388(98)80091-3",
    number = "5",
    pages = "633-634",
    volume = "8"
}

@incollection{albright2000biostratigraphy,
    author = "Albright, III, L. Barry",
    title = "Biostratigraphy and Biochronology",
    year = "2000",
    booktitle = "Biostratigraphy and Vertebrate Paleontology of the San Timoteo Badlands, Southern California",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520098367.003.0003",
    doi = "10.1525/california/9780520098367.003.0003",
    pages = "8-21"
}

Molecules such as proteins and DNA evolve over time as a consequence of the fixation of mutations to DNA. Molecular evolution has been shown to be approximately constant across species, a phenomenon known as the molecular clock.

@misc{martin2001molecular,
    author = "Martin, Andrew Peter",
    title = "Molecular Clocks",
    year = "2001",
    booktitle = "Encyclopedia of Life Sciences",
    abstract = "Molecules such as proteins and DNA evolve over time as a consequence of the fixation of mutations to DNA. Molecular evolution has been shown to be approximately constant across species, a phenomenon known as the molecular clock.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/npg.els.0001669",
    doi = "10.1038/npg.els.0001669"
}

A convenient and precise mass spectrometric method for measurement of the deamidation rates of glutaminyl and asparaginyl residues in peptides and proteins has been developed; the rates of deamidation of 306 asparaginyl sequences in model peptides at pH 7.4, 37.0°C, 0.15 M Tris⋅HCl buffer have been determined; a library of 913 amide-containing peptides for use by other investigators in similar studies has been established; and, by means of simultaneous deamidation rate measurements of rabbit muscle aldolase and appropriate model peptides in the same solutions, the use of this method for quantitative measurement of the relative effects of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary protein structure on deamidation rates has been demonstrated. The measured rates are discussed with respect to the hypothesis that glutaminyl and asparaginyl residues serve, through deamidation, as molecular timers of biological events.

@article{robinson2001molecular,
    author = "Robinson, Noah E. and Robinson, Arthur B.",
    title = "Molecular clocks",
    year = "2001",
    journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences",
    abstract = "A convenient and precise mass spectrometric method for measurement of the deamidation rates of glutaminyl and asparaginyl residues in peptides and proteins has been developed; the rates of deamidation of 306 asparaginyl sequences in model peptides at pH 7.4, 37.0°C, 0.15 M Tris⋅HCl buffer have been determined; a library of 913 amide-containing peptides for use by other investigators in similar studies has been established; and, by means of simultaneous deamidation rate measurements of rabbit muscle aldolase and appropriate model peptides in the same solutions, the use of this method for quantitative measurement of the relative effects of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary protein structure on deamidation rates has been demonstrated. The measured rates are discussed with respect to the hypothesis that glutaminyl and asparaginyl residues serve, through deamidation, as molecular timers of biological events.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.98.3.944",
    doi = "10.1073/pnas.98.3.944",
    number = "3",
    pages = "944-949",
    volume = "98"
}

Molecules such as proteins and DNA evolve over time as a consequence of the fixation of mutations to DNA. Molecular evolution has been shown to be approximately constant across species, a phenomenon known as the molecular clock.

@misc{martin2007molecular,
    author = "Martin, Andrew Peter",
    title = "Molecular Clocks",
    year = "2007",
    booktitle = "Encyclopedia of Life Sciences",
    abstract = "Molecules such as proteins and DNA evolve over time as a consequence of the fixation of mutations to DNA. Molecular evolution has been shown to be approximately constant across species, a phenomenon known as the molecular clock.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0001669.pub2",
    doi = "10.1002/9780470015902.a0001669.pub2"
}

@article{kushmerick2009molecular,
    author = "Kushmerick, James",
    title = "Molecular transistors scrutinized",
    year = "2009",
    journal = "Nature",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/462994a",
    doi = "10.1038/462994a",
    number = "7276",
    pages = "994-995",
    volume = "462"
}

@incollection{ho2013molecular,
    author = "Ho, Simon Y. W.",
    title = "Molecular Clocks",
    year = "2013",
    booktitle = "Encyclopedia of Scientific Dating Methods",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6326-5\_92-2",
    doi = "10.1007/978-94-007-6326-5\_92-2",
    pages = "1-9"
}

@misc{bell2014molecular,
    author = "Bell, Charles D.",
    title = "Molecular Clocks",
    year = "2014",
    booktitle = "Oxford Bibliographies Online Datasets",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780199941728-0048",
    doi = "10.1093/obo/9780199941728-0048"
}

@incollection{ho2015molecular,
    author = "Ho, Simon Y. W. and Endicott, Phillip",
    title = "Molecular Clocks, Human Evolution",
    year = "2015",
    booktitle = "Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6304-3\_79",
    doi = "10.1007/978-94-007-6304-3\_79",
    pages = "588-591"
}

@article{lee2016molecular,
    author = "Lee, Michael S.Y. and Ho, Simon Y.W.",
    title = "Molecular clocks",
    year = "2016",
    journal = "Current Biology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.071",
    doi = "10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.071",
    number = "10",
    pages = "R399-R402",
    volume = "26"
}

Türkiye's geographic position between Europe, Asia, and Africa gives it pivotal importance for understanding the local, interregional, and intercontinental dynamics of Neogene vertebrate evolution. Although rich in vertebrate fossil deposits spanning the Middle and Late Miocene, associated geochronology has been limited by the lack of available volcanic materials that allow radioisotopic dating and geochemical correlation. As a result, calibrating mammalian evolution has been largely restricted to the semicircular application of paleomagnetic inferences combined with temporally ill-constrained and geographically remote biochronological deductions. For example, fossils from three Greek localities and one Anatolian locality assigned to the primate genus Ouranopithecus lack datable samples, leaving its ages poorly constrained. Chronological calibration based on the 40Ar/39Ar results reported here demonstrates how a fauna-focused, precision geochronology can enhance a better understanding of evolving species lineages and the ecosystems they comprise.

@article{doi101073pnas2424428122,
    author = "Tholt, Andrew and Başoğlu, Okşan and Bektaş, Yener and Bernor, Raymond and Carlson, Joshua P and Dağ, Ömer and Doğan, Uğur and Erkman, Ahmet Cem and Kaya, Ferhat and Kaymakçı, Nuretdin and Gözlük Kırmızıoğlu, Pınar and Meijers, Maud J M and Parıldar, Özge Kahya and Pehlevan, Cesur and Şimşek, Emrah and White, Tim and Renne, Paul",
    title = "Building better biochronology: New fossils and 40Ar/39Ar radioisotopic dates from Central Anatolia.",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
    abstract = "Türkiye's geographic position between Europe, Asia, and Africa gives it pivotal importance for understanding the local, interregional, and intercontinental dynamics of Neogene vertebrate evolution. Although rich in vertebrate fossil deposits spanning the Middle and Late Miocene, associated geochronology has been limited by the lack of available volcanic materials that allow radioisotopic dating and geochemical correlation. As a result, calibrating mammalian evolution has been largely restricted to the semicircular application of paleomagnetic inferences combined with temporally ill-constrained and geographically remote biochronological deductions. For example, fossils from three Greek localities and one Anatolian locality assigned to the primate genus Ouranopithecus lack datable samples, leaving its ages poorly constrained. Chronological calibration based on the 40Ar/39Ar results reported here demonstrates how a fauna-focused, precision geochronology can enhance a better understanding of evolving species lineages and the ecosystems they comprise.",
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11962512/",
    doi = "10.1073/pnas.2424428122",
    pmcid = "PMC11962512",
    pmid = "40096598"
}