Biostatistics

@article{symonds1863new,
    author = "Symonds, W. S.",
    title = "New Species of Olenus",
    year = "1863",
    journal = "The Geologist",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1359465600001428",
    doi = "10.1017/s1359465600001428",
    number = "6",
    openalex = "W2315403958",
    pages = "214-214",
    volume = "6"
}

@misc{kauffman1933variationsstatistische1,
    author = "Kauffman, R",
    title = {Variations-statistische Untersuchungen ber die "Artabwandlung" und "Artumbildung" an der oberkambrischen Trilobitengattung Olenus Dalm},
    year = "1933",
    howpublished = "Geol. Pal. Inst. Univ. Griefswald, Abh., v. 10, p. 1-54",
    note = {talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kauffman, R., 1933, Variations-statistische Untersuchungen ber die "Artabwandlung" und "Artumbildung" an der oberkambrischen Trilobitengattung Olenus Dalm: Geol. Pal. Inst. Univ. Griefswald, Abh., v. 10, p. 1-54.}}
}

@misc{kauffman1935exaktstatistische2,
    author = "Kauffman, R",
    title = "Exakt-statistische Biostratigraphie der Olenus - Arten von Sudland",
    year = "1935",
    howpublished = "Geol. Foren. Stockholm Frhandl., v. 1935, p. 19-28",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kauffman, R., 1935, Exakt-statistische Biostratigraphie der Olenus - Arten von Sudland: Geol. Foren. Stockholm Frhandl., v. 1935, p. 19-28.}"
}

@article{kaufmann1935exaktstatistische,
    author = "Kaufmann, Rudolf",
    title = "Exakt-statistische Biostratigraphie der Olenus-Arten von Südöland",
    year = "1935",
    journal = "Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/11035893509444911",
    doi = "10.1080/11035893509444911",
    number = "1",
    openalex = "W1965721257",
    pages = "19-28",
    volume = "57",
    references = "doi101007bf01496542, doi101007bf03041636, doi101017s0016756800086611"
}

@article{modell1964biostatistics,
    author = "Modell, Walter and Kuperman, Albert S.",
    title = "Biostatistics",
    year = "1964",
    journal = "Clinical Pharmacology \& Therapeutics",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt196455660",
    doi = "10.1002/cpt196455660",
    number = "5",
    openalex = "W4236123962",
    pages = "660-661",
    volume = "5"
}

@incollection{wegmüller1992vegetationsgeschichtliche,
    author = "Wegmüller, Samuel",
    title = "Vegetationsgeschichtliche Entwicklung und Biostratigraphie",
    year = "1992",
    booktitle = "Vegetationsgeschichtliche und stratigraphische Untersuchungen an Schieferkohlen des nördlichen Alpenvorlandes",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-5656-0\_6",
    doi = "10.1007/978-3-0348-5656-0\_6",
    openalex = "W143148635",
    pages = "37-43"
}

@article{grosdidier1999biostratigraphie,
    author = "Grosdidier, Emmanuel",
    title = "Biostratigraphie",
    year = "1999",
    journal = "Geobios",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(99)80874-2",
    doi = "10.1016/s0016-6995(99)80874-2",
    number = "6",
    pages = "923-924",
    volume = "32"
}

@article{thomas2004biostatistics,
    author = "Thomas, Ravi",
    title = "Biostatistics",
    year = "2004",
    journal = "Ophthalmology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.06.003",
    doi = "10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.06.003",
    number = "9",
    pages = "1791",
    volume = "111"
}

@misc{vanbelle2004biostatistics,
    author = "Van Belle, Gerald and Fisher, Lloyd D. and Heagerty, Patrick J. and Lumley, Thomas",
    title = "Biostatistics",
    year = "2004",
    booktitle = "Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1002/0471602396",
    doi = "10.1002/0471602396"
}

@article{grimm2011regionale,
    author = "Grimm, Kirsten I. and Radtke, Gudrun and Köthe, Angelika and Reichenbacher, Bettina and Schwarz, Jürgen and Martini, Erlend and Kadolsky, Dietrich and Martin, Hottenrott and Franzen, Jens Lorenz",
    title = "Regionale Biostratigraphie",
    year = "2011",
    journal = "Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1127/sdgg/75/2011/43",
    doi = "10.1127/sdgg/75/2011/43",
    openalex = "W4230311781",
    pages = "43-56",
    volume = "75"
}

@incollection{hiremath2012biostatistics,
    author = "Hiremath, Lalita and Hiremath, Dhananjaya",
    title = "Biostatistics",
    year = "2012",
    booktitle = "Essentials of Community Medicine: A Practical Approach",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11660\_28",
    doi = "10.5005/jp/books/11660\_28",
    pages = "356-356"
}

@incollection{leaverton2017biostatistics,
    author = "Leaverton, Paul E. and Vaughn, Frances L. and Zhu, Yiliang",
    title = "Biostatistics",
    year = "2017",
    booktitle = "International Encyclopedia of Public Health",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00034-5",
    doi = "10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00034-5",
    openalex = "W4242730440",
    pages = "223-232",
    references = "doi10108010618600199610474713, doi10108013576280600937911, doi101126scienceaaa2709, doi101198jasa2003s288, doi1012019780429340512, doi101214ss1177011137, doi101377hlthaff20140041, doi1023071268879, doi105005jpbooks10313, openalexw2610204687"
}

@misc{crossref2023biostatistics,
    title = "Biostatistics",
    year = "2023",
    booktitle = "The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4135/9781071872383.n33",
    doi = "10.4135/9781071872383.n33",
    openalex = "W4309912789"
}

@incollection{husar2023biostatistics,
    author = "Husar, Peter and Gašpar, Gabriel",
    title = "Biostatistics",
    year = "2023",
    booktitle = "Electrical Biosignals in Biomedical Engineering",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67998-2\_6",
    doi = "10.1007/978-3-662-67998-2\_6",
    openalex = "W4388469843",
    pages = "355-440",
    references = "doi1010160967066194903352"
}

Bayesian statistics has emerged as a valuable approach in biostatistics, particularly for its ability to combine prior knowledge with new evidence in a coherent, probability-based framework. Unlike traditional frequentist methods that rely solely on observed data, Bayesian methods allow continuous updating of beliefs as new information becomes available, offering a clearer understanding of uncertainty. This flexibility has led to growing use in clinical trial design, drug safety evaluation, and real-world monitoring of adverse effects.A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar between January and August 2015 using keywords such as Bayesian biostatistics, Bayesian inference, pharmacovigilance, clinical trials, hierarchical models, and MCMC. Studies focusing on practical applications in biostatistics or drug safety were included, while purely theoretical works were excluded. A total of 68 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria.he findings highlight the strength of Bayesian approaches in handling small sample sizes and rare events. Hierarchical and multilevel models enable borrowing of information across groups, leading to more robust estimates of drug effects and associated risks. The use of prior data, including historical controls and expert opinion, improves decision-making, especially in post-marketing surveillance. Advances in computational tools, including Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods and software such as Stan, JAGS, and PyMC, have made complex modeling more accessible.Overall, Bayesian biostatistics offers a flexible and interpretable framework for quantifying uncertainty in medical research. Its continued development and integration with real-world evidence will be essential for broader acceptance in regulatory and clinical practice

@article{devanshkhanak2026an,
    author = "{Devansh Khanak*, Adarsh Khot, Rohit Khandekar, Kishori Hol}",
    title = "An In-Depth Review of The Uses of Bayesian Methods in Biostatistics In Drug Safety and Pharmacovigilance",
    year = "2026",
    publisher = "International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences",
    abstract = "Bayesian statistics has emerged as a valuable approach in biostatistics, particularly for its ability to combine prior knowledge with new evidence in a coherent, probability-based framework. Unlike traditional frequentist methods that rely solely on observed data, Bayesian methods allow continuous updating of beliefs as new information becomes available, offering a clearer understanding of uncertainty. This flexibility has led to growing use in clinical trial design, drug safety evaluation, and real-world monitoring of adverse effects.A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar between January and August 2015 using keywords such as Bayesian biostatistics, Bayesian inference, pharmacovigilance, clinical trials, hierarchical models, and MCMC. Studies focusing on practical applications in biostatistics or drug safety were included, while purely theoretical works were excluded. A total of 68 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria.he findings highlight the strength of Bayesian approaches in handling small sample sizes and rare events. Hierarchical and multilevel models enable borrowing of information across groups, leading to more robust estimates of drug effects and associated risks. The use of prior data, including historical controls and expert opinion, improves decision-making, especially in post-marketing surveillance. Advances in computational tools, including Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods and software such as Stan, JAGS, and PyMC, have made complex modeling more accessible.Overall, Bayesian biostatistics offers a flexible and interpretable framework for quantifying uncertainty in medical research. Its continued development and integration with real-world evidence will be essential for broader acceptance in regulatory and clinical practice",
    url = "https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.19754317",
    doi = "10.5281/zenodo.19754317"
}

@misc{crossrefNonebiostatistics,
    title = "Biostatistics",
    year = "None",
    booktitle = "SpringerReference",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/springerreference\_81623",
    doi = "10.1007/springerreference\_81623"
}

@misc{crossrefNoneolenus,
    title = "Olenus",
    year = "None",
    booktitle = "Brill’s New Pauly",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1163/1574-9347\_bnp\_e829860",
    doi = "10.1163/1574-9347\_bnp\_e829860",
    openalex = "W4245689868"
}