Dogma

@book{raven1928the3,
    author = "Raven, C. E",
    title = "The Creator Spirit; A Survey of Christian Doctrine in the Light of Biology, Psychology and Mysticism",
    year = "1928",
    publisher = "Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 310 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Raven, C. E., 1928, The Creator Spirit; A Survey of Christian Doctrine in the Light of Biology, Psychology and Mysticism: Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 310 p.}"
}

A comprehensive work in the field of Christian ethics, Basic Christian Ethics remains, more than fifty years after its original publication, an engaging and important work. The Library of Theological Ethics series focuses on what it means to think theologically and ethically. It presents a selection of important and otherwise unavailable texts in easily accessible form. Volumes in this series will enable sustained dialogue with predecessors though reflection on classic works in the field.

@book{openalexw1596625555,
    author = "Ramsey, Paul",
    title = "Basic Christian ethics",
    year = "1950",
    abstract = "A comprehensive work in the field of Christian ethics, Basic Christian Ethics remains, more than fifty years after its original publication, an engaging and important work. The Library of Theological Ethics series focuses on what it means to think theologically and ethically. It presents a selection of important and otherwise unavailable texts in easily accessible form. Volumes in this series will enable sustained dialogue with predecessors though reflection on classic works in the field.",
    openalex = "W1596625555"
}

@misc{wolff1951changing4,
    author = "Wolff, W",
    title = "Changing Concepts in the Bible; A Psychological Analysis of its Words, Symbols, and Beliefs [1st ed.]",
    year = "1951",
    howpublished = "New York, Hermitage House, 463 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Wolff, W., 1951, Changing Concepts in the Bible; A Psychological Analysis of its Words, Symbols, and Beliefs [1st ed.]: New York, Hermitage House, 463 p.}"
}

@book{overman1967evolution2,
    author = "Overman, R. H",
    title = "Evolution and the Christian Doctrine of Creation; a Whiteheadian Interpretation",
    year = "1967",
    publisher = "Philadelphia, Pa., Westminster Press, 301 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Overman, R. H., 1967, Evolution and the Christian Doctrine of Creation; a Whiteheadian Interpretation: Philadelphia, Pa., Westminster Press, 301 p.}"
}

@book{doi107208chicago97802260285070010001,
    author = "Pelikán, Jaroslav",
    title = "The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine, Volume 3",
    year = "1978",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226028507.001.0001",
    doi = "10.7208/chicago/9780226028507.001.0001",
    openalex = "W2494797653"
}

@book{openalexw1581647763,
    author = "Richardson, Alan",
    title = "Creeds in the making: A short introduction to the history of Christian doctrine",
    year = "1981",
    journal = "Medical Entomology and Zoology",
    openalex = "W1581647763"
}

This book explores the relationship between Calvin's thought about civil and ecclesiastical order and his own circumstances and activities. The early chapters argue that in his pre-Genevan writings, including the first edition of the Institution, Calvin's political thinking was entirely conventional; his subsequent thought and conduct were not an implementation of previously formulated ideas. Later chapters examine whether and to what extent Calvin developed a distinctive vision of the Christian polity as part of an overall conception of the Christian life.

@book{doi101017cbo9780511571435,
    author = "Höpfl, Harro",
    title = "The Christian Polity of John Calvin",
    year = "1982",
    booktitle = "Cambridge University Press eBooks",
    abstract = "This book explores the relationship between Calvin's thought about civil and ecclesiastical order and his own circumstances and activities. The early chapters argue that in his pre-Genevan writings, including the first edition of the Institution, Calvin's political thinking was entirely conventional; his subsequent thought and conduct were not an implementation of previously formulated ideas. Later chapters examine whether and to what extent Calvin developed a distinctive vision of the Christian polity as part of an overall conception of the Christian life.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511571435",
    doi = "10.1017/cbo9780511571435",
    openalex = "W2000942681"
}

@book{doi107208chicago97802260286440010001,
    author = "Pelikán, Jaroslav",
    title = "The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine, Volume 4",
    year = "1984",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226028644.001.0001",
    doi = "10.7208/chicago/9780226028644.001.0001",
    openalex = "W4247765543"
}

@article{doi1023071867256,
    author = "Steinmetz, David C. and Pelikán, Jaroslav",
    title = "The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine. Volume 4, Reformation of Church and Dogma, 1300-1700",
    year = "1986",
    journal = "The American Historical Review",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/1867256",
    doi = "10.2307/1867256",
    openalex = "W2330141631"
}

@book{livingstone1987darwins1,
    author = "Livingstone, D. N",
    title = "Darwin's Forgotten Defenders",
    year = "1987",
    publisher = "The Encounter Between Evangelical Theology and Evolutionary Thought: Scottish Academic Press: Edinburgh, Scotland, W.B. Erdmans: Grand Rapids, Michigan, 210 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Livingstone, D. N., 1987, Darwin's Forgotten Defenders: The Encounter Between Evangelical Theology and Evolutionary Thought: Scottish Academic Press: Edinburgh, Scotland, W.B. Erdmans: Grand Rapids, Michigan, 210 p.}"
}

Regarded as one of the most influential works of Protestant theology, it covers a broad range of theological topics from the doctrines of church and sacraments to justification by faith alone and Christian liberty.

@incollection{doi1015159783110847710033,
    author = "Calvin, John",
    title = "Institutes of the Christian Religion",
    year = "1993",
    abstract = "Regarded as one of the most influential works of Protestant theology, it covers a broad range of theological topics from the doctrines of church and sacraments to justification by faith alone and Christian liberty.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110847710-033",
    doi = "10.1515/9783110847710-033",
    openalex = "W4229829642"
}

This book challenges standard accounts of early Christian exegesis of the Bible. Professor Young sets the interpretation of the Bible in the context of the Graeco-Roman world - the dissemination of books and learning, the way texts were received and read, the function of literature in shaping not only a culture but a moral universe. For the earliest Christians, the adoption of the Jewish scriptures constituted a supersessionary claim in relation to Hellenism as well as Judaism. Yet the debt owed to the practice of exegesis in the grammatical and rhetorical schools is of overriding significance. Methods were philological and deductive, and the usual analysis according to 'literal', 'typological' and 'allegorical' is inadequate to describe questions of reference and issues of religious language. The biblical texts shaped a 'totalizing discourse' which by the fifth century was giving identity, morality and meaning to a new Christian culture.

@book{doi101017cbo9780511583216,
    author = "Young, Frances M.",
    title = "Biblical Exegesis and the Formation of Christian Culture",
    year = "1997",
    booktitle = "Cambridge University Press eBooks",
    abstract = "This book challenges standard accounts of early Christian exegesis of the Bible. Professor Young sets the interpretation of the Bible in the context of the Graeco-Roman world - the dissemination of books and learning, the way texts were received and read, the function of literature in shaping not only a culture but a moral universe. For the earliest Christians, the adoption of the Jewish scriptures constituted a supersessionary claim in relation to Hellenism as well as Judaism. Yet the debt owed to the practice of exegesis in the grammatical and rhetorical schools is of overriding significance. Methods were philological and deductive, and the usual analysis according to 'literal', 'typological' and 'allegorical' is inadequate to describe questions of reference and issues of religious language. The biblical texts shaped a 'totalizing discourse' which by the fifth century was giving identity, morality and meaning to a new Christian culture.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511583216",
    doi = "10.1017/cbo9780511583216",
    openalex = "W1527984810"
}

From Christian bioethics to secular bioethics - the establishement of a liberal cosmopolitan morality at the roots of bioethics - reason, faith and the unity of morality Christian bioethics as a human project - taking immanence seriously bioethics and transcendence - at the heart of the culture wars procreation - reproduction, cloning, abortion and birth suffering, disease, dying and death - the search for meaning providing health care - consent, conflicts of interest, the allocation of medical resources and religious integrity Christian bioethics in a post-Christian world.

@article{doi105860choice384986,
    title = "The foundations of Christian bioethics",
    year = "2001",
    journal = "Choice Reviews Online",
    abstract = "From Christian bioethics to secular bioethics - the establishement of a liberal cosmopolitan morality at the roots of bioethics - reason, faith and the unity of morality Christian bioethics as a human project - taking immanence seriously bioethics and transcendence - at the heart of the culture wars procreation - reproduction, cloning, abortion and birth suffering, disease, dying and death - the search for meaning providing health care - consent, conflicts of interest, the allocation of medical resources and religious integrity Christian bioethics in a post-Christian world.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.38-4986",
    doi = "10.5860/choice.38-4986",
    openalex = "W2948453283"
}

Preface. Part I: Foundations: a Maker of Heaven and Eartha:. 1. Establishing: The Doctrine of Creation. The Mediation of Creation. The Meaning of the Doctrine of Creation. Creator and Creation. 2. Providence. The Historical Context: Modern. The Historical Context: Ancient. Biblical Considerations. The content of the Doctrine of Providence. 3. Man and Woman. Matter and Spirit. Personal Being. The Blessings of Finitude. Scripture and Theology. Conclusion to Part I: God the Father. Part II: a His only Son, our Lorda:. 4. a Suffered under Pontius Pilatea: A Theology of Salvation. The Concept of Sin. Creation and Salvation. The People of the Promise. The Achievement of Salvation. 5. The Identity of Jesus Christ. To Set the Scene. The Framework of Christology. The Problem of Dogma. 6. a And was Made Mana: The Incarnation and Humanity of Christ. The a Becominga of God the Son. Death and the Kingdom. Priesthood Realised. God the Son. Part III: The Perfecting Cause: a And in the Holy Spirita:. 7. Christian Community and Human Society. Some Lessons of Christian History. The Words of Proclamation and of Scripture. The Elect Community. Church and the Social Order. 8. The Shape of Christian Life. Justification: Living by Faith Alone. Baptism. Sanctification: Living in the Realm of the Holy. Resurrection. 9. The Last Enemy. Death. Judgement. Redemption. Conclusion:. 10. The Triune God of Christian Confession. Experience Redeemed. a Economica and a Immanenta Trinities. The Difference the Trinity Makes. General Index. Index of Biblical References.

@book{openalexw634799856,
    author = "Gunton, Colin",
    title = "The Christian Faith: An Introduction to Christian Doctrine",
    year = "2001",
    abstract = "Preface. Part I: Foundations: a Maker of Heaven and Eartha:. 1. Establishing: The Doctrine of Creation. The Mediation of Creation. The Meaning of the Doctrine of Creation. Creator and Creation. 2. Providence. The Historical Context: Modern. The Historical Context: Ancient. Biblical Considerations. The content of the Doctrine of Providence. 3. Man and Woman. Matter and Spirit. Personal Being. The Blessings of Finitude. Scripture and Theology. Conclusion to Part I: God the Father. Part II: a His only Son, our Lorda:. 4. a Suffered under Pontius Pilatea: A Theology of Salvation. The Concept of Sin. Creation and Salvation. The People of the Promise. The Achievement of Salvation. 5. The Identity of Jesus Christ. To Set the Scene. The Framework of Christology. The Problem of Dogma. 6. a And was Made Mana: The Incarnation and Humanity of Christ. The a Becominga of God the Son. Death and the Kingdom. Priesthood Realised. God the Son. Part III: The Perfecting Cause: a And in the Holy Spirita:. 7. Christian Community and Human Society. Some Lessons of Christian History. The Words of Proclamation and of Scripture. The Elect Community. Church and the Social Order. 8. The Shape of Christian Life. Justification: Living by Faith Alone. Baptism. Sanctification: Living in the Realm of the Holy. Resurrection. 9. The Last Enemy. Death. Judgement. Redemption. Conclusion:. 10. The Triune God of Christian Confession. Experience Redeemed. a Economica and a Immanenta Trinities. The Difference the Trinity Makes. General Index. Index of Biblical References.",
    url = "https://openalex.org/W634799856",
    openalex = "W634799856"
}

Over 80 per cent of the 2.5 million Namibians identify themselves as Christian, half of whom are *Lutheran. Namibia’s Christian denominations are shaped by its colonial past and its struggle for independence.......

@book{doi101093acref97801928029030010001,
    author = "Oermann, Nils Ole",
    title = "The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church",
    year = "2005",
    booktitle = "Oxford University Press eBooks",
    abstract = "Over 80 per cent of the 2.5 million Namibians identify themselves as Christian, half of whom are *Lutheran. Namibia’s Christian denominations are shaped by its colonial past and its struggle for independence.......",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780192802903.001.0001",
    doi = "10.1093/acref/9780192802903.001.0001",
    openalex = "W3133086013"
}

What is Christian wisdom for living in the twenty-first century? Where is it to be found? How can it be learnt? In the midst of diverse religions and worldviews and the demands and complexities of our world, David Ford explores a Christian way of uniting love of wisdom with wisdom in love. Core elements are the 'discernment of cries', the love of God for God's sake, interpretation of scripture, and the shaping of desire in faith. Case studies deal with inter-faith wisdom among Jews, Christians and Muslims, universities as centres of wisdom as well as knowledge and know-how and the challenge of learning disabilities. Throughout, there is an attempt to do justice to the premodern, modern and postmodern while grappling with scripture, tradition and the cries of the world today. Ford opens up the rich resources of Christianity in engaging with the issues and urgencies of contemporary life.

@book{doi101017cbo9780511487699,
    author = "Ford, David F.",
    title = "Christian Wisdom",
    year = "2007",
    booktitle = "Cambridge University Press eBooks",
    abstract = "What is Christian wisdom for living in the twenty-first century? Where is it to be found? How can it be learnt? In the midst of diverse religions and worldviews and the demands and complexities of our world, David Ford explores a Christian way of uniting love of wisdom with wisdom in love. Core elements are the 'discernment of cries', the love of God for God's sake, interpretation of scripture, and the shaping of desire in faith. Case studies deal with inter-faith wisdom among Jews, Christians and Muslims, universities as centres of wisdom as well as knowledge and know-how and the challenge of learning disabilities. Throughout, there is an attempt to do justice to the premodern, modern and postmodern while grappling with scripture, tradition and the cries of the world today. Ford opens up the rich resources of Christianity in engaging with the issues and urgencies of contemporary life.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511487699",
    doi = "10.1017/cbo9780511487699",
    openalex = "W1124110874"
}

Ancient Christian sources are rich in reference to the anthropology and physiology of the female. Christianity in the first centuries had multiple positions as concerns the doctrinal thoughts as well as the social practices. Christian anthropological doctrine has been developed along two exegetical lines, hinging on Genesis 1-3: the first views the human being as a whole psycophysical entity and thereby highlights the protological inferiority of the woman; the second, spiritual and Platonic, emphasizes the inner self and thus, in theory, is more equalitarian. Ancient philosophical theories regarding human generation, in particular those ofAristotle and the Stoics, are used, along with medical notions, by Christian theologians to elaborate the dogma of incarnation. However, in certain cases, as with the post partum virginity of Maria, medical theories are totally put aside. The stories recounting the miracles offer the possibility of understanding medical practices offemale conditions and the emotive reactions of the women.

@article{pmid21941990,
    author = "Prinzivalli, Emanuela",
    title = "[Female anthropology, physiology and disease in ancient Christian writers].",
    year = "2011",
    journal = "Medicina nei secoli",
    abstract = "Ancient Christian sources are rich in reference to the anthropology and physiology of the female. Christianity in the first centuries had multiple positions as concerns the doctrinal thoughts as well as the social practices. Christian anthropological doctrine has been developed along two exegetical lines, hinging on Genesis 1-3: the first views the human being as a whole psycophysical entity and thereby highlights the protological inferiority of the woman; the second, spiritual and Platonic, emphasizes the inner self and thus, in theory, is more equalitarian. Ancient philosophical theories regarding human generation, in particular those ofAristotle and the Stoics, are used, along with medical notions, by Christian theologians to elaborate the dogma of incarnation. However, in certain cases, as with the post partum virginity of Maria, medical theories are totally put aside. The stories recounting the miracles offer the possibility of understanding medical practices offemale conditions and the emotive reactions of the women.",
    url = "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21941990/",
    pmid = "21941990"
}

Christian Law: Contemporary Principles offers a detailed comparison of the laws of churches across ten distinct Christian traditions worldwide: Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican, Lutheran, Methodist, Reformed, Presbyterian, United, Congregational and Baptist. From this comparison, Professor Doe proposes that all denominations of the faith share common principles in spite of their doctrinal divisions; and that these principles reveal a concept of 'Christian law' and contribute to a theological understanding of global Christian identity. Adopting a unique interdisciplinary approach, the book provides comprehensive coverage on the sources and purposes of church law, the faithful (lay and ordained), the institutions of church governance, discipline and dispute resolution, doctrine and worship, the rites of passage, ecumenism, property and finance, as well as church, State and society. This is an invaluable resource for lawyers and theologians who are engaged in ecumenical and interfaith dialogue, showing how dogmas may divide but laws link Christians across traditions.

@book{doi101017cbo9781139021906,
    author = "Doe, Norman",
    title = "Christian Law",
    year = "2013",
    booktitle = "Cambridge University Press eBooks",
    abstract = "Christian Law: Contemporary Principles offers a detailed comparison of the laws of churches across ten distinct Christian traditions worldwide: Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican, Lutheran, Methodist, Reformed, Presbyterian, United, Congregational and Baptist. From this comparison, Professor Doe proposes that all denominations of the faith share common principles in spite of their doctrinal divisions; and that these principles reveal a concept of 'Christian law' and contribute to a theological understanding of global Christian identity. Adopting a unique interdisciplinary approach, the book provides comprehensive coverage on the sources and purposes of church law, the faithful (lay and ordained), the institutions of church governance, discipline and dispute resolution, doctrine and worship, the rites of passage, ecumenism, property and finance, as well as church, State and society. This is an invaluable resource for lawyers and theologians who are engaged in ecumenical and interfaith dialogue, showing how dogmas may divide but laws link Christians across traditions.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139021906",
    doi = "10.1017/cbo9781139021906",
    openalex = "W4254649617"
}

This study explores juridical aspects of the ecclesiology presented in the World Council of Churches' Faith and Order Commission Paper, The Church: Towards a Common Vision (2013). It does so in the context of systems of church law, order and polity in eight church families worldwide: Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican, Lutheran, Methodist, Reformed, Presbyterian and Baptist. Common Vision does not explicitly consider church law, order and polity or its role in ecumenism. However, many themes treated in Common Vision surface in church regulatory systems. This study examines how these instruments articulate the ecclesiology found in Common Vision (which as such, de facto, offers juridical as well as theological principles), translate these into norms of conduct and, in turn, generate unity in common action across the church families. Juridical similarities indicate that the churches share common principles and that their existence suggests the category ‘Christian law’. While dogmas may divide the churches of global Christianity, the profound similarities between their norms of conduct reveal that the laws of the faithful, whatever their various denominational affiliations, link Christians through common forms of action. For this reason, comparative church law should have a greater profile in ecumenism today. 1

@article{doi101017s0956618x15000034,
    author = "Doe, Norman",
    title = "The Ecumenical Value of Comparative Church Law: Towards the Category of Christian Law",
    year = "2015",
    journal = "Ecclesiastical Law Journal",
    abstract = "This study explores juridical aspects of the ecclesiology presented in the World Council of Churches' Faith and Order Commission Paper, The Church: Towards a Common Vision (2013). It does so in the context of systems of church law, order and polity in eight church families worldwide: Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican, Lutheran, Methodist, Reformed, Presbyterian and Baptist. Common Vision does not explicitly consider church law, order and polity or its role in ecumenism. However, many themes treated in Common Vision surface in church regulatory systems. This study examines how these instruments articulate the ecclesiology found in Common Vision (which as such, de facto, offers juridical as well as theological principles), translate these into norms of conduct and, in turn, generate unity in common action across the church families. Juridical similarities indicate that the churches share common principles and that their existence suggests the category ‘Christian law’. While dogmas may divide the churches of global Christianity, the profound similarities between their norms of conduct reveal that the laws of the faithful, whatever their various denominational affiliations, link Christians through common forms of action. For this reason, comparative church law should have a greater profile in ecumenism today. 1",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x15000034",
    doi = "10.1017/s0956618x15000034",
    openalex = "W2333341133",
    references = "doi101017cbo9781139021906, doi101017s0956618x1400012x, doi101093acprofoso97801996040050010001"
}

This article examines the internal regulation of religious organisations in terms of their law, order or polity. It offers a systematic comparative analysis of how different Christian traditions structure and regulate themselves. The resultant legal frameworks are expressive of the institutional self-understanding of particular churches and, as such, are a form of applied ecclesiology. The paper draws upon two ongoing research studies: the Colloquium of Anglican and Roman Catholic Canon Lawyers and the Christian Law Panel of Experts, the latter having submitted a detailed submission to the World Council of Churches’ Faith and Order Commission giving a legal critique of its recent document ‘Towards a Common Vision’. Through a detailed methodical and comparative analysis of the various structural and regulatory formulae adopted by the different branches of the Christian family, profound similarities are discernible that are redolent with deeper theological significance. This research represents an emergent platform capable of being utilised within the ecumenical endeavour to give traction in the movement towards greater visible unity in the 21st century.

@article{doi104102htsv72i13382,
    author = "Hill, Mark",
    title = "The regulation of Christian churches: Ecclesiology, law and polity",
    year = "2016",
    journal = "HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies",
    abstract = "This article examines the internal regulation of religious organisations in terms of their law, order or polity. It offers a systematic comparative analysis of how different Christian traditions structure and regulate themselves. The resultant legal frameworks are expressive of the institutional self-understanding of particular churches and, as such, are a form of applied ecclesiology. The paper draws upon two ongoing research studies: the Colloquium of Anglican and Roman Catholic Canon Lawyers and the Christian Law Panel of Experts, the latter having submitted a detailed submission to the World Council of Churches’ Faith and Order Commission giving a legal critique of its recent document ‘Towards a Common Vision’. Through a detailed methodical and comparative analysis of the various structural and regulatory formulae adopted by the different branches of the Christian family, profound similarities are discernible that are redolent with deeper theological significance. This research represents an emergent platform capable of being utilised within the ecumenical endeavour to give traction in the movement towards greater visible unity in the 21st century.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v72i1.3382",
    doi = "10.4102/hts.v72i1.3382",
    openalex = "W2553693268",
    references = "doi101017s0956618x15000034"
}

Theology, the study of God, consists of a network of subdisciplines: biblical theology, moral theology, ecumenical theology, and so on. Each branch of theology has its own distinctive object of study, methods, and purposes. For example, pneumatology studies the Holy Spirit, practical theology uses the pastoral cycle, and liberation theology seeks to transform unjust societal structures that oppress the marginalized. Each branch of theology has its own distinctive community of scholars. It is a common view (though perhaps a contested one, as between the different church traditions) that the main purpose of Christian theology is to proclaim the Gospel of Christ. The branches of theology, in turn, are vehicles for each of this core purpose. Legal theology could become a branch of theology with its own distinctive objects of study, methods, and purposes. What follows explores these themes, how the subdiscipline of legal theology might be defined and developed in the context of the study of the systems of law, order, and polity, of churches across the Christian traditions that deal with, for example, forms of regulation, ministry (lay or ordained), governance (institutions and functions), discipline, doctrine, worship, rites, property, and external relations. It does so as to the following. (1) The object of study: legal theology should at its core be about the relationship between theology and church law—more particularly, the relationship between church law and each of the other branches of theology. (2) The method of study: legal theology may involve the theological study of church law and/or the legal study of theology using standard juristic methods (such as text and context, critical, historical, analytical) as well as methods used in the other branches of theology (3) The purpose of study: the development of a community of scholars collaborating with a view to its impact on ecclesial practice. Theology is indispensable to a full understanding of the place of law in the life of the church; and law provides evidence to test the propositions of theology in the practical life of the church as this is translated through norms to action.

@article{doi101017jlr201713,
    author = "Doe, Norman",
    title = "THE CATEGORY “LEGAL THEOLOGY” AND THE STUDY OF CHRISTIAN LAWS",
    year = "2017",
    journal = "Journal of Law and Religion",
    abstract = "Theology, the study of God, consists of a network of subdisciplines: biblical theology, moral theology, ecumenical theology, and so on. Each branch of theology has its own distinctive object of study, methods, and purposes. For example, pneumatology studies the Holy Spirit, practical theology uses the pastoral cycle, and liberation theology seeks to transform unjust societal structures that oppress the marginalized. Each branch of theology has its own distinctive community of scholars. It is a common view (though perhaps a contested one, as between the different church traditions) that the main purpose of Christian theology is to proclaim the Gospel of Christ. The branches of theology, in turn, are vehicles for each of this core purpose. Legal theology could become a branch of theology with its own distinctive objects of study, methods, and purposes. What follows explores these themes, how the subdiscipline of legal theology might be defined and developed in the context of the study of the systems of law, order, and polity, of churches across the Christian traditions that deal with, for example, forms of regulation, ministry (lay or ordained), governance (institutions and functions), discipline, doctrine, worship, rites, property, and external relations. It does so as to the following. (1) The object of study: legal theology should at its core be about the relationship between theology and church law—more particularly, the relationship between church law and each of the other branches of theology. (2) The method of study: legal theology may involve the theological study of church law and/or the legal study of theology using standard juristic methods (such as text and context, critical, historical, analytical) as well as methods used in the other branches of theology (3) The purpose of study: the development of a community of scholars collaborating with a view to its impact on ecclesial practice. Theology is indispensable to a full understanding of the place of law in the life of the church; and law provides evidence to test the propositions of theology in the practical life of the church as this is translated through norms to action.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2017.13",
    doi = "10.1017/jlr.2017.13",
    openalex = "W2600717193",
    references = "doi1010179781316890615, doi101017cbo9780511583216, doi101017cbo9781139021906, doi101017s0956618x12000026, doi1023071384390, doi1023073266072, openalexw1590619041, openalexw3043873739, openalexw601037286"
}

A panel of experts has produced a Statement of Principles of Christian Law, drawn from an examination of their internal regulatory instruments. These principles are offered for further examination by comparative scholars of church law, as an expression of shared ecclesiology, and in furtherance of the ecumenical endeavour.

@article{doi101017s0956618x17000035,
    author = "Hill, Mark and Doe, Norman",
    title = "Principles of Christian Law",
    year = "2017",
    journal = "Ecclesiastical Law Journal",
    abstract = "A panel of experts has produced a Statement of Principles of Christian Law, drawn from an examination of their internal regulatory instruments. These principles are offered for further examination by comparative scholars of church law, as an expression of shared ecclesiology, and in furtherance of the ecumenical endeavour.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x17000035",
    doi = "10.1017/s0956618x17000035",
    openalex = "W2611874911",
    references = "doi101017cbo9781139021906, doi101017s0956618x09990068"
}

Abstract The science and faith debate is dominated by Western voices. In order to enrich this debate, the authors study the discourses of different groups of Christian academics and master's students in francophone Africa. This article describes the process of reconstructing and analyzing the discourse of a group of master's students from Abidjan (Ivory Coast) with the help of group model building and focus groups. Three characteristic features that emerge from this discourse include the foundational position of faith, the central role of truth, and the ambiguous connotations of the term “science” in this context. The reconstructed discourse is then brought into conversation with the North Atlantic debate, with a special focus on the concept of scientism.

@article{doi101111zygo12360,
    author = "Bom, Klaas and van den Toren, Benno",
    title = "A CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEBATE ON SCIENCE AND FAITH BY CHRISTIAN STUDENTS FROM ABIDJAN",
    year = "2017",
    journal = "Zygon®",
    abstract = "Abstract The science and faith debate is dominated by Western voices. In order to enrich this debate, the authors study the discourses of different groups of Christian academics and master's students in francophone Africa. This article describes the process of reconstructing and analyzing the discourse of a group of master's students from Abidjan (Ivory Coast) with the help of group model building and focus groups. Three characteristic features that emerge from this discourse include the foundational position of faith, the central role of truth, and the ambiguous connotations of the term “science” in this context. The reconstructed discourse is then brought into conversation with the North Atlantic debate, with a special focus on the concept of scientism.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/zygo.12360",
    doi = "10.1111/zygo.12360",
    openalex = "W2749572072",
    references = "doi101111j14679744200800910x"
}

In public debates over biotechnology, theologians, philosophers, and political theorists have proposed that biotechnology could have significant implications for human nature. They argue that ethical evaluations of biotechnologies that might affect human nature must take these implications into account. In this book, Gerald McKenny examines these important yet controversial arguments, which have in turn been criticized by many moral philosophers and professional bioethicists. He argues that Christian ethics is, in principle, committed to some version of the claim that human nature has normative status in relation to biotechnology. Showing how both criticisms and defences of this claim have often been facile, he identifies, develops, and critically evaluates three versions of the claim, and contributes a fourth, distinctively Christian version to the debate. Focusing on Christian ethics in conversation with secular ethics, McKenny's book is the first thorough analysis of a controversial contemporary issue.

@book{doi1010179781108385916,
    author = "McKenny, Gerald",
    title = "Biotechnology, Human Nature, and Christian Ethics",
    year = "2018",
    booktitle = "Cambridge University Press eBooks",
    abstract = "In public debates over biotechnology, theologians, philosophers, and political theorists have proposed that biotechnology could have significant implications for human nature. They argue that ethical evaluations of biotechnologies that might affect human nature must take these implications into account. In this book, Gerald McKenny examines these important yet controversial arguments, which have in turn been criticized by many moral philosophers and professional bioethicists. He argues that Christian ethics is, in principle, committed to some version of the claim that human nature has normative status in relation to biotechnology. Showing how both criticisms and defences of this claim have often been facile, he identifies, develops, and critically evaluates three versions of the claim, and contributes a fourth, distinctively Christian version to the debate. Focusing on Christian ethics in conversation with secular ethics, McKenny's book is the first thorough analysis of a controversial contemporary issue.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108385916",
    doi = "10.1017/9781108385916",
    openalex = "W2783760154",
    references = "doi1015159781474471770029, doi1023071395245, doi102307204931, doi1023073735725, doi1043249781315680668, doi105860choice400873, doi107208chicago97802265867480010001, openalexw1654521368, openalexw356539818, openalexw583035548, openalexw634799856"
}

An ecumenical group of experts in church law produced a Statement of Principles of Christian Law based on a comparative examination of the internal regulations of their respective churches. This article examines the detail of the Statement from the point of view of the regulations and practice of Quakers in Britain and concludes that, based as it is on a Trinitarian, sacramental view of ‘the Church’, while there is much in it with which Friends – and members of other non-sacramental, non-hierarchical denominations – would agree, there is also much which has little resonance for them.

@article{doi101017s0956618x18000479,
    author = "Cranmer, Frank",
    title = "The Statement of Principles of Christian Law: A Quaker Perspective",
    year = "2018",
    journal = "Ecclesiastical Law Journal",
    abstract = "An ecumenical group of experts in church law produced a Statement of Principles of Christian Law based on a comparative examination of the internal regulations of their respective churches. This article examines the detail of the Statement from the point of view of the regulations and practice of Quakers in Britain and concludes that, based as it is on a Trinitarian, sacramental view of ‘the Church’, while there is much in it with which Friends – and members of other non-sacramental, non-hierarchical denominations – would agree, there is also much which has little resonance for them.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x18000479",
    doi = "10.1017/s0956618x18000479",
    openalex = "W2888411390",
    references = "doi101017s0956618x17000035"
}

There is a growing crisis in scientific research characterized by failures to reproduce experimental results, fraud, lack of innovation, and burn-out. In Science and Christian Ethics, Paul Scherz traces these problems to the drive by governments and business to make scientists into competitive entrepreneurs who use their research results to stimulate economic growth. The result is a competitive environment aimed at commodifying the world. In order to confront this problem of character, Scherz examines the alternative Aristotelian and Stoic models of reforming character, found in the works of Alasdair MacIntyre and Michel Foucault. Against many prominent virtue ethicists, he argues that what individual scientists need is a regime of spiritual exercises, such as those found in Stoicism as it was adopted by Christianity, in order to refocus on the good of truth in the face of institutional pressure. His book illuminates pressing issues in research ethics, moral education, and anthropology.

@book{doi1010179781108593694,
    author = "Scherz, Paul",
    title = "Science and Christian Ethics",
    year = "2019",
    booktitle = "Cambridge University Press eBooks",
    abstract = "There is a growing crisis in scientific research characterized by failures to reproduce experimental results, fraud, lack of innovation, and burn-out. In Science and Christian Ethics, Paul Scherz traces these problems to the drive by governments and business to make scientists into competitive entrepreneurs who use their research results to stimulate economic growth. The result is a competitive environment aimed at commodifying the world. In order to confront this problem of character, Scherz examines the alternative Aristotelian and Stoic models of reforming character, found in the works of Alasdair MacIntyre and Michel Foucault. Against many prominent virtue ethicists, he argues that what individual scientists need is a regime of spiritual exercises, such as those found in Stoicism as it was adopted by Christianity, in order to refocus on the good of truth in the face of institutional pressure. His book illuminates pressing issues in research ethics, moral education, and anthropology.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108593694",
    doi = "10.1017/9781108593694",
    openalex = "W2944495897",
    references = "doi1010179781108385916"
}

This article considers what integration efforts in psychology would look like if informed by a trinitarian account of creation. Further theological reflection about the doctrine of creation reveals four key conclusions that are valuable for conceiving the relationship between theology and psychology: (1) The goodness of the created realm establishes the investigation and exploration of human nature through science and psychology; (2) Human nature can be explored through psychology because God’s providential care allows a certain “order” of creation to be preserved despite the reality of sin; (3) God endows humanity with creative abilities to discover and develop the created realm and culture through the science of psychology; (4) God’s trinitarian relations with the world establishes the theological basis for the social, embodied, and relational aspects of human nature that are able to be discerned through the study of psychology. The implications that these four key conclusions have for psychological research and clinical psychology will also be discussed.

@article{doi1011770091647119837024,
    author = "Whitney, William B.",
    title = "Beginnings: Why the Doctrine of Creation Matters for the Integration of Psychology and Christianity",
    year = "2019",
    journal = "Journal of Psychology and Theology",
    abstract = "This article considers what integration efforts in psychology would look like if informed by a trinitarian account of creation. Further theological reflection about the doctrine of creation reveals four key conclusions that are valuable for conceiving the relationship between theology and psychology: (1) The goodness of the created realm establishes the investigation and exploration of human nature through science and psychology; (2) Human nature can be explored through psychology because God’s providential care allows a certain “order” of creation to be preserved despite the reality of sin; (3) God endows humanity with creative abilities to discover and develop the created realm and culture through the science of psychology; (4) God’s trinitarian relations with the world establishes the theological basis for the social, embodied, and relational aspects of human nature that are able to be discerned through the study of psychology. The implications that these four key conclusions have for psychological research and clinical psychology will also be discussed.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1177/0091647119837024",
    doi = "10.1177/0091647119837024",
    openalex = "W2936351201",
    references = "doi101001archinte196103620040143016, doi10103710594000, doi10108017439760802303002, doi101093oso97801953005120010001, doi101146annurevpsych491289, doi1011770002716203260092, doi101207s1532480xads07038, doi1015159783110847710033, doi1023071862111, openalexw1614549126, openalexw634799856"
}

Churches are developing norms on interfaith relations as to their engagement with other major world religions represented in wider society. With respect to the State as a legal other, the regulatory instruments of churches indicate that for Christians the State is instituted by God. The emergence of human rights discourse has also stimulated churches to develop their own particular positions on the fundamental rights of the other in terms of the equality of all humans who are understood theologically to be created in the image or likeness of God. What follows examines comparatively the presence of these ideas in the laws and legal thought of Christians across a range of ecclesial traditions in global Christianity. In so doing, it explores whether it is possible to identify principles of Christian law on ‘the other’. Natural law continues to play an important part in Christianity across the various ecclesial traditions in terms of how Christians should treat others.

@incollection{doi104324978131551897823,
    author = "Doe, Norman",
    title = "Christian law perspectives",
    year = "2019",
    abstract = "Churches are developing norms on interfaith relations as to their engagement with other major world religions represented in wider society. With respect to the State as a legal other, the regulatory instruments of churches indicate that for Christians the State is instituted by God. The emergence of human rights discourse has also stimulated churches to develop their own particular positions on the fundamental rights of the other in terms of the equality of all humans who are understood theologically to be created in the image or likeness of God. What follows examines comparatively the presence of these ideas in the laws and legal thought of Christians across a range of ecclesial traditions in global Christianity. In so doing, it explores whether it is possible to identify principles of Christian law on ‘the other’. Natural law continues to play an important part in Christianity across the various ecclesial traditions in terms of how Christians should treat others.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315518978-23",
    doi = "10.4324/9781315518978-23",
    openalex = "W2938095521",
    references = "doi1010179781316890615004"
}

Scholarship on religious inequality in Europe has focused mainly on the position of religious minorities, primarily Jews and Muslims. Investigations into Islamophobia, antisemitism, and other forms of discrimination and oppression, however, are merely one side of the coin. This article draws attention to Christian privilege as a different, but related phenomenon. It understands ‘privilege’ to be part of the study of hegemony, as the asymmetrical counterpart of structural oppression. The article situates Christian privilege within secular Christian hegemony in Western Europe and explores its relation to racial and religious exclusion. It identifies three different types of Christian privilege and outlines a framework for normatively evaluating them.

@article{doi10117714687968221106185,
    author = "Lauwers, A. Sophie",
    title = "Religion, secularity, culture? Investigating Christian privilege in Western Europe",
    year = "2022",
    journal = "Ethnicities",
    abstract = "Scholarship on religious inequality in Europe has focused mainly on the position of religious minorities, primarily Jews and Muslims. Investigations into Islamophobia, antisemitism, and other forms of discrimination and oppression, however, are merely one side of the coin. This article draws attention to Christian privilege as a different, but related phenomenon. It understands ‘privilege’ to be part of the study of hegemony, as the asymmetrical counterpart of structural oppression. The article situates Christian privilege within secular Christian hegemony in Western Europe and explores its relation to racial and religious exclusion. It identifies three different types of Christian privilege and outlines a framework for normatively evaluating them.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1177/14687968221106185",
    doi = "10.1177/14687968221106185",
    openalex = "W4281755369",
    references = "doi1010179781316711569012"
}

AbstractChristian faith plays a very important role in education. Faith in God must affect the whole life of Christians to know God properly. This article states that the principle of true faith according to the Heidelberg Catechism is one of the important and historic documents for Christianity and its role in the field of education. The writing of this article is also to answer the various problems of understanding faith and its correlation with the field of Christian education. The discussion of this article uses literature research methods including the Bible, and various documents such as books and theological journals that discuss true faith according to the Heidelberg Catechism. The results of the discussion in this article show that true faith in God must have a very significant role in the field of holistic Christian education. Suggestions for Christian educators include being faithful to the truth and applying it in Christian education.Bahasa Indonesia AbstrakIman Kristen memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam Pendidikan. Beriman kepada Allah harus memengaruhi seluruh kehidupan orang Kristen untuk mengenal Allah dengan benar. Artikel ini menyatakan bahwa prinsip iman sejati (true faith) menurut katekismus Heidelberg sebagai salah satu dokumen penting dan bersejarah bagi kekristenan dan bagaimana perannya dalam bidang pendidikan. Penulisan artikelini juga sebagai jawaban atas berbagai persoalan pemahaman iman dan korelasinya dengan bidang Pendidikan Kristen. Pembahasan artikel ini menggunakan metode riset literatur antara lain Alkitab, dan berbagai dokumen seperti buku, jurnal teologis yang membahas iman sejati menurut Katekismus Heidelberg. Hasil pembahasan artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa iman sejati kepada Allah harus memiliki peran yang sangat signifikan dalam bidang pendidikan Kristen yang holistis. Saran untuk para pendidik Kristen adalah untuk setia kepada kebenaran dan menerapkannya dalam pendidikan Kristen.

@article{doi1019166pjiv1i196308,
    author = "Tarigan, Musa Sinar",
    title = "IMPLIKASI IMAN SEJATI DALAM PENDIDIKAN KRISTEN [IMPLICATIONS OF TRUE FAITH IN CHRISTIAN EDUCATION]",
    year = "2023",
    journal = "Polyglot Jurnal Ilmiah",
    abstract = "AbstractChristian faith plays a very important role in education. Faith in God must affect the whole life of Christians to know God properly. This article states that the principle of true faith according to the Heidelberg Catechism is one of the important and historic documents for Christianity and its role in the field of education. The writing of this article is also to answer the various problems of understanding faith and its correlation with the field of Christian education. The discussion of this article uses literature research methods including the Bible, and various documents such as books and theological journals that discuss true faith according to the Heidelberg Catechism. The results of the discussion in this article show that true faith in God must have a very significant role in the field of holistic Christian education. Suggestions for Christian educators include being faithful to the truth and applying it in Christian education.Bahasa Indonesia AbstrakIman Kristen memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam Pendidikan. Beriman kepada Allah harus memengaruhi seluruh kehidupan orang Kristen untuk mengenal Allah dengan benar. Artikel ini menyatakan bahwa prinsip iman sejati (true faith) menurut katekismus Heidelberg sebagai salah satu dokumen penting dan bersejarah bagi kekristenan dan bagaimana perannya dalam bidang pendidikan. Penulisan artikelini juga sebagai jawaban atas berbagai persoalan pemahaman iman dan korelasinya dengan bidang Pendidikan Kristen. Pembahasan artikel ini menggunakan metode riset literatur antara lain Alkitab, dan berbagai dokumen seperti buku, jurnal teologis yang membahas iman sejati menurut Katekismus Heidelberg. Hasil pembahasan artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa iman sejati kepada Allah harus memiliki peran yang sangat signifikan dalam bidang pendidikan Kristen yang holistis. Saran untuk para pendidik Kristen adalah untuk setia kepada kebenaran dan menerapkannya dalam pendidikan Kristen.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.19166/pji.v1i19.6308",
    doi = "10.19166/pji.v1i19.6308",
    openalex = "W4385422545",
    references = "doi1011770091647119837024"
}

We discuss several points of convergence in ontological concepts within Christian anthropology and the contemporary dynamic, relational, developmental systems (RDS)-based approach within developmental science. Both approaches uphold the significance of relationality, particularly of mutually beneficial (nurturing) relationships between every individual and others, as both the means and the ends of human development and thriving. Both magisteriums build similarly on the fundamental significance of dynamic, relational development that provides a goal, or telos, for each individual to live with and for others and that leads to becoming a more fully reciprocating self. We discuss several concepts present in both contemporary developmental science and Christian anthropology: embodiment, holism, specificity of mutually influential individual ⇔ context coactions, relationality, and telos. We argue that the ontological convergences between Christian anthropology and RDS-based developmental science provide means for enacting mutually beneficial collaborations between religion and science, which, if enacted, could promote thriving lives for individuals and support social justice movements.

@article{doi10117700916471241300154,
    author = "Lerner, Richard M. and King, Pamela Ebstyne and Dowling, Elizabeth M. and Bowers, Edmond P.",
    title = "On Being and Becoming Human Through Accompaniment and Telos: Ontological Convergences Between Christian Anthropology and the Science of Human Development",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Journal of Psychology and Theology",
    abstract = "We discuss several points of convergence in ontological concepts within Christian anthropology and the contemporary dynamic, relational, developmental systems (RDS)-based approach within developmental science. Both approaches uphold the significance of relationality, particularly of mutually beneficial (nurturing) relationships between every individual and others, as both the means and the ends of human development and thriving. Both magisteriums build similarly on the fundamental significance of dynamic, relational development that provides a goal, or telos, for each individual to live with and for others and that leads to becoming a more fully reciprocating self. We discuss several concepts present in both contemporary developmental science and Christian anthropology: embodiment, holism, specificity of mutually influential individual ⇔ context coactions, relationality, and telos. We argue that the ontological convergences between Christian anthropology and RDS-based developmental science provide means for enacting mutually beneficial collaborations between religion and science, which, if enacted, could promote thriving lives for individuals and support social justice movements.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471241300154",
    doi = "10.1177/00916471241300154",
    openalex = "W4405675186",
    references = "doi101177009164711504300105"
}

Bioethics provides a new perspective for the comparative study of Christianity and Chinese Buddhism. This paper provides a comprehensive comparison of the sources, states of existence, and fundamental principles and purposes of the Christian and Chinese Buddhist perspectives on human life, focusing specifically on the realm of bioethics. It places special emphasis on teachings about God’s creation and dependent origination, original sin and Buddhist causality, as well as love and compassion. Despite the significant geographic distance between Christianity and Chinese Buddhism, the dialogue highlights potential cultural differences and interpretations. It also demonstrates mutual acceptance and the process of redefining one’s own identity. Religious bioethics greatly benefits from a comprehensive study of various religions from around the world. It aims to encourage cross-cultural and interdisciplinary research on different religions globally. It promotes religious bioethics as a relevant field of study.

@article{doi103390rel15050624,
    author = "Wang, Fuyi",
    title = "A Comparison of Human Life in Christian and Chinese Buddhist Bioethics",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Religions",
    abstract = "Bioethics provides a new perspective for the comparative study of Christianity and Chinese Buddhism. This paper provides a comprehensive comparison of the sources, states of existence, and fundamental principles and purposes of the Christian and Chinese Buddhist perspectives on human life, focusing specifically on the realm of bioethics. It places special emphasis on teachings about God’s creation and dependent origination, original sin and Buddhist causality, as well as love and compassion. Despite the significant geographic distance between Christianity and Chinese Buddhism, the dialogue highlights potential cultural differences and interpretations. It also demonstrates mutual acceptance and the process of redefining one’s own identity. Religious bioethics greatly benefits from a comprehensive study of various religions from around the world. It aims to encourage cross-cultural and interdisciplinary research on different religions globally. It promotes religious bioethics as a relevant field of study.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15050624",
    doi = "10.3390/rel15050624",
    openalex = "W4398142418",
    references = "doi1010179781108385916"
}