Edmonton formation

@misc{dowling1910edmonton,
    author = "Dowling, D B",
    title = "Edmonton, Alberta",
    year = "1910",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4095/122134",
    doi = "10.4095/122134",
    openalex = "W4247840366"
}

@misc{gilmore1924a,
    author = "Gilmore, C W",
    title = "A new species of Hadrosaurian dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation (Cretaceous) of Alberta",
    year = "1924",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4095/105004",
    doi = "10.4095/105004",
    openalex = "W2981920345"
}

@article{parks1926struthiomimus1,
    author = "Parks, W. A",
    title = "Struthiomimus brevitertius- a new species of dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta",
    year = "1926",
    journal = "Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 3, v. 20, p. 65-70",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Parks, W. A., 1926, Struthiomimus brevitertius- a new species of dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta: Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 3, v. 20, p. 65-70.}"
}

@misc{sternberg1926dinosaur,
    author = "Sternberg, C M",
    title = "Dinosaur tracks from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta",
    year = "1926",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4095/105020",
    doi = "10.4095/105020",
    openalex = "W2981725959"
}

@article{sternberg1926notes,
    author = "Sternberg, C M",
    title = "Notes on the Edmonton Formation of Alberta",
    year = "1926",
    journal = "The Canadian field-naturalist",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5962/p.338660",
    doi = "10.5962/p.338660",
    number = "5",
    openalex = "W4391356579",
    pages = "102-104",
    volume = "40"
}

@book{parks1928albertosaurus2,
    author = "Parks, W. A",
    title = "Albertosaurus arctunguis, a new species of theropodous dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta",
    year = "1928",
    publisher = "University of Toronto Studies, Geological Series, v. 25, p. 1-42",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Parks, W. A., 1928, Albertosaurus arctunguis, a new species of theropodous dinosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta: University of Toronto Studies, Geological Series, v. 25, p. 1-42.}"
}

hy bi ' conditions under which the discoveries were made, but also how the protagonists appeared in the field.

@book{doi105962bhltitle52089,
    author = "Russell, Loris S.",
    title = "Dinosaur hunting in western Canada",
    year = "1966",
    abstract = "hy bi ' conditions under which the discoveries were made, but also how the protagonists appeared in the field.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.52089",
    doi = "10.5962/bhl.title.52089",
    openalex = "W560928695",
    references = "doi105962bhltitle61817"
}

Eight species belonging to the genus Mancicorpus are reported from the Edmonton Formation (Maestrichtian) of Alberta, Canada. Five new species are formally described and their holotypes designated.

@article{srivastava1968eight,
    author = "Srivastava, Satish K.",
    title = "Eight species of Mancicorpus from the Edmonton Formation (Maestrichtian), Alberta, Canada",
    year = "1968",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Botany",
    abstract = "Eight species belonging to the genus Mancicorpus are reported from the Edmonton Formation (Maestrichtian) of Alberta, Canada. Five new species are formally described and their holotypes designated.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/b68-205",
    doi = "10.1139/b68-205",
    number = "12",
    openalex = "W2009387613",
    pages = "1485-1490",
    volume = "46"
}

Thirty-three species of angiosperm pollen belonging to 20 form genera are described from the Edmonton Formation (Maestrichtian) of Alberta. Three genera, viz. Nothopollenites, Gunnaripollis, and Marcellopollenites, are formally designated here. Twenty-four species are newly described. The stratigraphic occurrence of individual taxa within the Edmonton Formation is indicated.

@article{doi101139b69138,
    author = "Srivastava, Satish K.",
    title = "Assorted angiosperm pollen from the Edmonton Formation (Maestrichtian), Alberta, Canada",
    year = "1969",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Botany",
    abstract = "Thirty-three species of angiosperm pollen belonging to 20 form genera are described from the Edmonton Formation (Maestrichtian) of Alberta. Three genera, viz. Nothopollenites, Gunnaripollis, and Marcellopollenites, are formally designated here. Twenty-four species are newly described. The stratigraphic occurrence of individual taxa within the Edmonton Formation is indicated.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/b69-138",
    doi = "10.1139/b69-138",
    openalex = "W2154678207"
}

Eighteen new species belonging to the genus Aquilapollenites are formally described from the Edmonton Formation (Maestrichtian), Alberta, Canada. All these species have reticulate sexine with spinules.

@article{doi101139e69013,
    author = "Srivastava, Satish K.",
    title = "New spinulose Aquilapollenites spp. from the Edmonton Formation (Maestrichtian), Alberta, Canada",
    year = "1969",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences",
    abstract = "Eighteen new species belonging to the genus Aquilapollenites are formally described from the Edmonton Formation (Maestrichtian), Alberta, Canada. All these species have reticulate sexine with spinules.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/e69-013",
    doi = "10.1139/e69-013",
    openalex = "W2122534796"
}

@article{doi1010160031018270900945,
    author = "Srivastava, Satish K.",
    title = "Pollen biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Edmonton Formation (Maestrichtian), Alberta, Canada",
    year = "1970",
    journal = "Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(70)90094-5",
    doi = "10.1016/0031-0182(70)90094-5",
    openalex = "W2062586771",
    references = "doi1010160025322766900107, doi101038154067a0, doi101130001676061952631011cotcfo20co2, doi1023071484153, doi1023072258437, doi1023072419987, doi102475ajs26110897, doi105962bhltitle1428, openalexw2061988106, openalexw2171788400, srivastava1968eight"
}

@article{doi1010160031018271900447,
    author = "Dodson, Peter",
    title = "Sedimentology and taphonomy of the Oldman Formation (Campanian), Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta (Canada)",
    year = "1971",
    journal = "Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(71)90044-7",
    doi = "10.1016/0031-0182(71)90044-7",
    openalex = "W1973699641",
    references = "doi1010079783662010204, doi101086626329, doi101111j136530911963tb01204x, doi101111j136530911964tb00459x, doi101111j136530911965tb01561x, doi101111j155856461968tb03995x, doi10113000167606195364381tfsaci20co2, doi101130spe40p1, doi102113gsrocky8specialpaper11, doi1023071934999, doi102475ajs2628975, doi105962bhltitle52089, doi105962p339375, openalexw2591879035, openalexw337536883, openalexw607142922"
}

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsRichard L. CoultonRichard L. Coulton is a student at the University of Calgary with special interest in dinosaurs. He is a member of the Saskatchewan Natural History Society with a wide range of hobbies including interest in steam locomotives, sailing ships and anthropology.He is currently compiling a catalogue of the Mesozoic vertebrates of Western Canada and is studying and recording the archaeology in the area around Bentley, Alberta in an effort to complete a list of local fossil localities.

@article{doi10108000357529197711761949,
    author = "COULTON, RICHARD L.",
    title = "The Theropod Dinosaurs of the Edmonton Formation, Alberta, Canada",
    year = "1977",
    journal = "Rocks \& Minerals",
    abstract = "Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsRichard L. CoultonRichard L. Coulton is a student at the University of Calgary with special interest in dinosaurs. He is a member of the Saskatchewan Natural History Society with a wide range of hobbies including interest in steam locomotives, sailing ships and anthropology.He is currently compiling a catalogue of the Mesozoic vertebrates of Western Canada and is studying and recording the archaeology in the area around Bentley, Alberta in an effort to complete a list of local fossil localities.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1977.11761949",
    doi = "10.1080/00357529.1977.11761949",
    openalex = "W2520684738",
    references = "doi105962bhltitle52089"
}

Carpenter, Kenneth (1982): Baby dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Lance and Hell Creek formations and a description of a new species of theropod. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming 20: 123-134, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3238510

@article{doi1015468gcrned,
    author = "Carpenter, Kenneth",
    title = "Baby dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Lance and Hell Creek formations and a description of a new species of theropod",
    year = "1982",
    journal = "Global Biodiversity Information Facility",
    abstract = "Carpenter, Kenneth (1982): Baby dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Lance and Hell Creek formations and a description of a new species of theropod. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming 20: 123-134, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3238510",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.15468/gcrned",
    doi = "10.15468/gcrned",
    openalex = "W2346377510"
}

@misc{and1983edmonton,
    title = "Edmonton, Alberta",
    year = "1983",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4095/116580",
    doi = "10.4095/116580",
    openalex = "W4244237290"
}

Dinosaur extinction in Montana, Alberta, and Wyoming was a gradual process that began 7 million years before the end of the Cretaceous and accelerated rapidly in the final 0.3 million years of the Cretaceous, during the interval of apparent competition from rapidly evolving immigrating ungulates. This interval involves rapid reduction in both diversity and population density of dinosaurs. The last dinosaurs known are from a channel that contains teeth of Mantuan mammals, seven species of dinosaurs, and Paleocene pollen. The top of this channel is 1.3 meters above the likely position of the iridium anomaly, the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary.

@article{sloan1986gradual,
    author = "Sloan, Robert E. and Rigby, J. Keith and Van Valen, Leigh M. and Gabriel, Diane",
    title = "Gradual Dinosaur Extinction and Simultaneous Ungulate Radiation in the Hell Creek Formation",
    year = "1986",
    journal = "Science",
    abstract = "Dinosaur extinction in Montana, Alberta, and Wyoming was a gradual process that began 7 million years before the end of the Cretaceous and accelerated rapidly in the final 0.3 million years of the Cretaceous, during the interval of apparent competition from rapidly evolving immigrating ungulates. This interval involves rapid reduction in both diversity and population density of dinosaurs. The last dinosaurs known are from a channel that contains teeth of Mantuan mammals, seven species of dinosaurs, and Paleocene pollen. The top of this channel is 1.3 meters above the likely position of the iridium anomaly, the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.232.4750.629",
    doi = "10.1126/science.232.4750.629",
    number = "4750",
    pages = "629-633",
    volume = "232"
}

@article{doi101017cbo9780511608377011,
    author = "Currie, P. and Rigby, J. and Sloan, R. E.",
    title = "Dinosaur Systematics: Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation of southern Alberta, Canada",
    year = "1990",
    booktitle = "Dinosaur Systematics",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fedead3cc1ae0ec35f3954946391d9906ed25ae7",
    doi = "10.1017/CBO9780511608377.011",
    is_oa = "true",
    pages = "107-126",
    semanticscholar_citation_count = "246",
    semanticscholar_id = "fedead3cc1ae0ec35f3954946391d9906ed25ae7"
}

Cretaceous dinosaur footprints discovered in the J Sandstone of the South Platte Formation (Dakota Group) in Colorado and the St. Mary River Formation of southwestern Alberta exhibit the first reported foot pad skin impressions of large ornithopods. The Canadian tracks occur as sandstone casts preserved in mudstones, whereas the Colorado tracks are natural impressions in a sandstone bed overlain by shale. The South Platte Formation tracks occur as impressions in a widespread "dinoturbated" sandstone bed representing low-gradient, delta plain – coastal plain facies assemblages associated with the upper member of the group, the J Sandstone. Only one of the many iguanodontid trackways exhibits good skin impressions.The St. Mary River Formation palaeoenvironment is interpreted as an anastomosed fluvial system that flowed northeast over a low-gradient floodplain from Montana. Footprints, often preserved in trackways, were left as dinosaurs walked across lake and marsh sediments that were relatively well drained or in various stages of dewatering. The quality of preservation is variable, depending on the properties of the substrate, and only one hadrosaur footprint includes clear casts of skin patches on the bottom of the footprint. Similar track-rich facies assemblages, representing lowland coastal plain and deltaic environments, are found in both the Lower (Gething Formation, British Columbia) and Upper Cretaceous (Mesa Verde, Colorado) successions of western North America. Few substrates of these depositional environments were suitable for the preservation of skeletal remains, so the information derived from tracks is palaeontologically significant.

@article{doi101139e91009,
    author = "Currie, Philip J. and Nadon, Gregory C. and Lockley, Martin G.",
    title = "Dinosaur footprints with skin impressions from the Cretaceous of Alberta and Colorado",
    year = "1991",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences",
    abstract = {Cretaceous dinosaur footprints discovered in the J Sandstone of the South Platte Formation (Dakota Group) in Colorado and the St. Mary River Formation of southwestern Alberta exhibit the first reported foot pad skin impressions of large ornithopods. The Canadian tracks occur as sandstone casts preserved in mudstones, whereas the Colorado tracks are natural impressions in a sandstone bed overlain by shale. The South Platte Formation tracks occur as impressions in a widespread "dinoturbated" sandstone bed representing low-gradient, delta plain – coastal plain facies assemblages associated with the upper member of the group, the J Sandstone. Only one of the many iguanodontid trackways exhibits good skin impressions.The St. Mary River Formation palaeoenvironment is interpreted as an anastomosed fluvial system that flowed northeast over a low-gradient floodplain from Montana. Footprints, often preserved in trackways, were left as dinosaurs walked across lake and marsh sediments that were relatively well drained or in various stages of dewatering. The quality of preservation is variable, depending on the properties of the substrate, and only one hadrosaur footprint includes clear casts of skin patches on the bottom of the footprint. Similar track-rich facies assemblages, representing lowland coastal plain and deltaic environments, are found in both the Lower (Gething Formation, British Columbia) and Upper Cretaceous (Mesa Verde, Colorado) successions of western North America. Few substrates of these depositional environments were suitable for the preservation of skeletal remains, so the information derived from tracks is palaeontologically significant.},
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/e91-009",
    doi = "10.1139/e91-009",
    openalex = "W1977006165",
    references = "doi101007978364265923214, doi1010160031018279901147, doi10108002724634198110011900, doi101126science2344778842, doi101306212f7be92b2411d78648000102c1865d, doi1015468gcrned, doi102110pec88010371, doi1031582rmagmg2015, doi105860choice493882, openalexw2687631996, sternberg1926dinosaur"
}

The Milk River Formation, a prograding clastic wedge, outcrops in a limited area of southern Alberta, Canada. The indicated age of the formation is latest Santonian to possibly earliest Campanian; its upper contact with the Pakowki Formation is unconformable. The unit is comprised of three members: Telegraph Creek, Virgelle and Deadhorse Coulee. All three members yielded well-preserved terrestrial palynomorphs. The assemblages characterizing the formation contain an abundance of species, with Accuratipollis lactifluminis sp. nov., Brevimonosulcites corrugatus and Callialasporites dampieri being the more common characteristic types. Eighteen new species are described including: Accuratipollis lactifluminis, Annulispora salsa, Integricorpus scopulensis, Cupanieidites terrestris, Cupuliferoidaepollenites quietus, Diptycha badlandensis, Echinatisporis solaris, Enzonalasporites bojatus, Erdtmanipollis circulifer, Hedlundisporites tricrassus, Leptolepiditescrepitus, Micahoodooensis, Monosulcitesriparius, Periretisyncolpites chinookensis, Perotrilites monstrum, Satishia nigra, Trilobapollis laudabilis and Triquitrites absurdus. Seven new combinations are proposed including: Echinatisporis caudata (Krasnova), Foraminisporis simiscalaris (Paden Phillips & Felix), Integricorpus kokufuense (Takahashi & Shimono), Integricorpus protrusum (Takahashi & Shimono), Integricorpus teretes (Zhou & Wang), Zlivisporis cenomanianus (Agasie), and Zlivisporis simplex (Cookson & Dettmann). A new name, Tsugaepollenites stelmakii, is proposed.

@article{doi1021130250057,
    author = "Braman, Dennis R.",
    title = "TERRESTRIAL PALYNOMORPHS OF THE UPPER SANTONIAN-?LOWEST CAMPANIAN MILK RIVER FORMATION, SOUTHERN ALBERTA, CANADA",
    year = "2001",
    journal = "Palynology",
    abstract = "The Milk River Formation, a prograding clastic wedge, outcrops in a limited area of southern Alberta, Canada. The indicated age of the formation is latest Santonian to possibly earliest Campanian; its upper contact with the Pakowki Formation is unconformable. The unit is comprised of three members: Telegraph Creek, Virgelle and Deadhorse Coulee. All three members yielded well-preserved terrestrial palynomorphs. The assemblages characterizing the formation contain an abundance of species, with Accuratipollis lactifluminis sp. nov., Brevimonosulcites corrugatus and Callialasporites dampieri being the more common characteristic types. Eighteen new species are described including: Accuratipollis lactifluminis, Annulispora salsa, Integricorpus scopulensis, Cupanieidites terrestris, Cupuliferoidaepollenites quietus, Diptycha badlandensis, Echinatisporis solaris, Enzonalasporites bojatus, Erdtmanipollis circulifer, Hedlundisporites tricrassus, Leptolepiditescrepitus, Micahoodooensis, Monosulcitesriparius, Periretisyncolpites chinookensis, Perotrilites monstrum, Satishia nigra, Trilobapollis laudabilis and Triquitrites absurdus. Seven new combinations are proposed including: Echinatisporis caudata (Krasnova), Foraminisporis simiscalaris (Paden Phillips \& Felix), Integricorpus kokufuense (Takahashi \& Shimono), Integricorpus protrusum (Takahashi \& Shimono), Integricorpus teretes (Zhou \& Wang), Zlivisporis cenomanianus (Agasie), and Zlivisporis simplex (Cookson \& Dettmann). A new name, Tsugaepollenites stelmakii, is proposed.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2113/0250057",
    doi = "10.2113/0250057",
    openalex = "W2035859558",
    references = "doi1010800072139519759989755, doi103133pp151, doi1035767gscpgbull444654"
}

Currie, Philip J. (2003): Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. Palaeontologica Polonica 48 (2): 191-226, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3725717, URL: https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app48/app48-191.pdf

@article{doi105281zenodo3725717,
    author = "Currie, Philip J.",
    title = "Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada",
    year = "2003",
    journal = "reroDoc Digital Library",
    abstract = "Currie, Philip J. (2003): Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. Palaeontologica Polonica 48 (2): 191-226, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3725717, URL: https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app48/app48-191.pdf",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3725717",
    doi = "10.5281/zenodo.3725717",
    openalex = "W2107092189",
    references = "carr1999craniofacial, crossref1976allosaurus, currie1985cranial, doi101017cbo9780511608377011, doi101038358059a0, doi10108002724634199510011574, doi10108002724634199710011027, doi10108002724634199910011161, doi101139e02083, doi1015468lnfamn, doi1015468yhxmzl, doi1023071292217, doi1023073514548, doi1034191b109, doi104095101672, doi105281zenodo1037529, doi105281zenodo1040973, doi105281zenodo1048848, doi105281zenodo814935, vonhuene1923carnivorous"
}

Abstract A diverse assemblage of dinosaur and bird tracks from Niobrara County, Wyoming, represents the first vertebrate ichnofauna reported from the bone-rich Lance Formation (Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous). The ichnofauna includes a hadrosaur track with skin impressions; three theropod track types, including the tetradactyl track Saurexallopus zerbsti (ichnosp. nov.); a tridactyl dinosaur footprint with a fusiform digit III; possible Tyrannosaurus tracks; four distinctive avian ichnites; and invertebrate traces. The footprints are generally well-preserved and so offer a unique insight into the ecology of a small river valley during the Maastrichtian. Saurexallopus zerbsti ichnosp. nov. from the Lance is similar to Saurexallopus lovei recently reported from the Maastrichtian, Harebell Formation, of northwestern Wyoming, but is represented by much better material, facilitating amendment of the ichnogenus. Skeletal equivalents for Saurexallopus are not currently known. Similarly, the tridactyl track with fusiform digit III is similar to footprints reported from the coeval Laramie Formation of Colorado and may also be similar to ichnogenus Ornithomimipus from the Edmonton Group of Alberta (though not necessarily of ornithomimid affinity). The hadrosaurian track with the skin impression is reminiscent of a similar ichnite reported from the Maastrichtian, St. Mary River Formation in Alberta, which is herein named Hadrosauropodus langstoni as part of a reassessment of Cretaceous ornithopod track ichnotaxonomy. Such correlations demonstrate the utility of tracks for local or regional biostratigraphy (palichnostratigraphy) in western North America. It is also clear that tracks add to our knowledge of the composition and distribution of dinosaurian and avian components of Maastrichtian faunas. In particular the bird tracks indicate a diversity of at least four species, one of which was a semi-palmate form, hitherto unknown in the ichnological record and named Sarjeantichnus semipalmatus. Keywords: Upper CretaceousLance Formationhadrosaur tracksshorebird tracks ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to Arlene Zerbst and the late Leonard Zerbst for access to the Lance site on the Zerbst Ranch and all their help. Thanks also to Peter Larson for making a large mold of the entire site as a means of preserving a permanent "hard copy" replica. We thank Jim Farlow, Indiana University, and Spencer Lucas, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, for their helpful reviews and suggestions. Joanna Wright also read an early draft of this manuscript and offered comments.

@article{doi10108010420940490428625,
    author = "Lockley, Martin G. and Nadon, Gregory C. and Currie, Philip J.",
    title = "A Diverse Dinosaur-Bird Footprint Assemblage from the Lance Formation, Upper Cretaceous, Eastern Wyoming: Implications for Ichnotaxonomy",
    year = "2004",
    journal = "Ichnos/Ichnos : an international journal for plant and animal traces",
    abstract = {Abstract A diverse assemblage of dinosaur and bird tracks from Niobrara County, Wyoming, represents the first vertebrate ichnofauna reported from the bone-rich Lance Formation (Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous). The ichnofauna includes a hadrosaur track with skin impressions; three theropod track types, including the tetradactyl track Saurexallopus zerbsti (ichnosp. nov.); a tridactyl dinosaur footprint with a fusiform digit III; possible Tyrannosaurus tracks; four distinctive avian ichnites; and invertebrate traces. The footprints are generally well-preserved and so offer a unique insight into the ecology of a small river valley during the Maastrichtian. Saurexallopus zerbsti ichnosp. nov. from the Lance is similar to Saurexallopus lovei recently reported from the Maastrichtian, Harebell Formation, of northwestern Wyoming, but is represented by much better material, facilitating amendment of the ichnogenus. Skeletal equivalents for Saurexallopus are not currently known. Similarly, the tridactyl track with fusiform digit III is similar to footprints reported from the coeval Laramie Formation of Colorado and may also be similar to ichnogenus Ornithomimipus from the Edmonton Group of Alberta (though not necessarily of ornithomimid affinity). The hadrosaurian track with the skin impression is reminiscent of a similar ichnite reported from the Maastrichtian, St. Mary River Formation in Alberta, which is herein named Hadrosauropodus langstoni as part of a reassessment of Cretaceous ornithopod track ichnotaxonomy. Such correlations demonstrate the utility of tracks for local or regional biostratigraphy (palichnostratigraphy) in western North America. It is also clear that tracks add to our knowledge of the composition and distribution of dinosaurian and avian components of Maastrichtian faunas. In particular the bird tracks indicate a diversity of at least four species, one of which was a semi-palmate form, hitherto unknown in the ichnological record and named Sarjeantichnus semipalmatus. Keywords: Upper CretaceousLance Formationhadrosaur tracksshorebird tracks ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to Arlene Zerbst and the late Leonard Zerbst for access to the Lance site on the Zerbst Ranch and all their help. Thanks also to Peter Larson for making a large mold of the entire site as a means of preserving a permanent "hard copy" replica. We thank Jim Farlow, Indiana University, and Spencer Lucas, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, for their helpful reviews and suggestions. Joanna Wright also read an early draft of this manuscript and offered comments.},
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940490428625",
    doi = "10.1080/10420940490428625",
    openalex = "W2014021415",
    references = "doi1010079789400904095, doi101016b978012249408650011x, doi10103820167, doi1016660022336020030770822mbatho20co2, doi105860choice332752, doi105860choice393984, doi107312lock90868, openalexw114509570, openalexw1575297980, openalexw603337959, sternberg1926dinosaur"
}

@incollection{crossref2007albertosaurus,
    title = "Albertosaurus, Alberta’s Dinosaur",
    year = "2007",
    booktitle = "Deep Alberta",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1515/9780888648518-006",
    doi = "10.1515/9780888648518-006",
    openalex = "W4386312438",
    pages = "6-8"
}

ABSTRACT The first detailed description of the lambeosaurine Lambeosaurus magnicristatus (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae) confirms that it is a distinct taxon characterized by its comparatively enormous cranial crest, formed predominantly by the caudodorsal process of the premaxilla, and an acute crest-snout angle. The holotype of L. magnicristatus occurs stratigraphically higher than all other Dinosaur Park Formation lambeosaurines at the Dinosaur Provincial Park locality. The only referred specimen was collected over 170 kilometers southeast of the type locality. Correlation of its host stratum with the well-known Dinosaur Park section reveals that L. magnicristatus has no biostratigraphic overlap with L. lambei and suggests that it replaces L. lambei on a regional scale in southern Alberta at the end of ‘Dinosaur Park time.’ Species-level phylogenetic analysis of Lambeosaurinae corroborates the monophyly of Lambeosaurus. The genus is characterized by five apomorphies, including a procumbent crest, complete enclosure of the ophthalmic canal of the laterosphenoid, the presence of a flange on the caudodorsal process of the premaxilla that overlaps the nasal in the rostral region of the crest, caudal extension of the premaxilla such that it forms the caudal margin of the crest, and a unique joint between the rostral nasal and the caudodorsal process of the premaxilla. Lambeosaurine phylogeny indicates that the development of a hypertrophied cranial crest evolved independently at least three times within the clade, suggesting that the crest enlargement is a recurring evolutionary trend within Lambeosaurinae.

@article{doi10167102724634200727373aarolm20co2,
    author = "Evans, David C. and Reisz, Robert R.",
    title = "Anatomy and Relationships of Lambeosaurus magnicristatus, a crested hadrosaurid dinosaur (Ornithischia) from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta",
    year = "2007",
    journal = "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology",
    abstract = "ABSTRACT The first detailed description of the lambeosaurine Lambeosaurus magnicristatus (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae) confirms that it is a distinct taxon characterized by its comparatively enormous cranial crest, formed predominantly by the caudodorsal process of the premaxilla, and an acute crest-snout angle. The holotype of L. magnicristatus occurs stratigraphically higher than all other Dinosaur Park Formation lambeosaurines at the Dinosaur Provincial Park locality. The only referred specimen was collected over 170 kilometers southeast of the type locality. Correlation of its host stratum with the well-known Dinosaur Park section reveals that L. magnicristatus has no biostratigraphic overlap with L. lambei and suggests that it replaces L. lambei on a regional scale in southern Alberta at the end of ‘Dinosaur Park time.’ Species-level phylogenetic analysis of Lambeosaurinae corroborates the monophyly of Lambeosaurus. The genus is characterized by five apomorphies, including a procumbent crest, complete enclosure of the ophthalmic canal of the laterosphenoid, the presence of a flange on the caudodorsal process of the premaxilla that overlaps the nasal in the rostral region of the crest, caudal extension of the premaxilla such that it forms the caudal margin of the crest, and a unique joint between the rostral nasal and the caudodorsal process of the premaxilla. Lambeosaurine phylogeny indicates that the development of a hypertrophied cranial crest evolved independently at least three times within the clade, suggesting that the crest enlargement is a recurring evolutionary trend within Lambeosaurinae.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[373:aarolm]2.0.co;2",
    doi = "10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[373:aarolm]2.0.co;2",
    openalex = "W2179137073",
    references = "doi101017s0025315400028575, doi101038122881a0, doi10108002724634199510011271, doi101111j1474919x1955tb01923x, doi101126science11282807, doi101139e78109, doi1016430045851120000000907br20co2, doi1023071005355, doi102475ajss32313381, doi105860choice435902, gilmore1924a, openalexw3215057009"
}

A new species, Camptosaurus aphanoecetes, is named for a partial skeleton of ornithopod dinosaur from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument, Utah. The specimen was originally described as Camptosaurus medius Marsh, 1894, and later referred to Camptosaurus dispar (Marsh, 1879). Comparison of the specimen with a large sample of C. dispar from Quarry 13 shows differences in the proportions and shape of various axial and appendicular elements. Based on the dorsoventrally depressed form of the ilium, Camptosaurus depressus Gilmore, 1909 (Lower Cretaceous of South Dakota) is assigned to the Barremian genus Planicoxa DiCroce and Carpenter, 2001, as Planicoxa depressa, new combination. The well-preserved, undistorted forelimb material of C. aphanoecetes allows for a biomechanical analysis. The range of motion is rather limited throughout the forelimb. The analysis supports the quadrupedal locomotion previously hypothesized for Camptosaurus Marsh, 1885, from limb ratios, fusion of the wrist, and presence of short digits.

@article{doi10299200974463200876227ansoco20co2,
    author = "Carpenter, Kenneth and Wilson, Yvonne",
    title = "A New Species of Camptosaurus (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, and a Biomechanical Analysis of Its Forelimb",
    year = "2008",
    journal = "Annals of Carnegie Museum",
    abstract = "A new species, Camptosaurus aphanoecetes, is named for a partial skeleton of ornithopod dinosaur from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument, Utah. The specimen was originally described as Camptosaurus medius Marsh, 1894, and later referred to Camptosaurus dispar (Marsh, 1879). Comparison of the specimen with a large sample of C. dispar from Quarry 13 shows differences in the proportions and shape of various axial and appendicular elements. Based on the dorsoventrally depressed form of the ilium, Camptosaurus depressus Gilmore, 1909 (Lower Cretaceous of South Dakota) is assigned to the Barremian genus Planicoxa DiCroce and Carpenter, 2001, as Planicoxa depressa, new combination. The well-preserved, undistorted forelimb material of C. aphanoecetes allows for a biomechanical analysis. The range of motion is rather limited throughout the forelimb. The analysis supports the quadrupedal locomotion previously hypothesized for Camptosaurus Marsh, 1885, from limb ratios, fusion of the wrist, and presence of short digits.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2992/0097-4463(2008)76[227:ansoco]2.0.co;2",
    doi = "10.2992/0097-4463(2008)76[227:ansoco]2.0.co;2",
    openalex = "W2140791804",
    references = "openalexw2971401580"
}

Seeds of two palm species conforming to the extant genus Sabal have been recovered from the Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Aguja Formation of Big Bend National Park, Texas: Sabal bigbendense sp. nov. and Sabal bracknellense (Chandler) Mai. These remains, found together with anatomically preserved palm stems, augment previous reports of Sabalites ungeri (Lesq.) Dorf leaves from the same formation. The co‐occurrence of palm seeds with numerous juvenile hadrosaur and ceratopsian bones indicates that palms closely related to modern cabbage palms may have provided fodder and shelter for young herbivorous dinosaurs. The distribution of these and other Late Cretaceous palm fossils is reviewed.

@article{doi101086653688,
    author = "Manchester, Steven R. and Lehman, Thomas M. and Wheeler, Elisabeth A.",
    title = "Fossil Palms (Arecaceae, Coryphoideae) Associated with Juvenile Herbivorous Dinosaurs in the Upper Cretaceous Aguja Formation, Big Bend National Park, Texas",
    year = "2010",
    journal = "International Journal of Plant Sciences",
    abstract = "Seeds of two palm species conforming to the extant genus Sabal have been recovered from the Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Aguja Formation of Big Bend National Park, Texas: Sabal bigbendense sp. nov. and Sabal bracknellense (Chandler) Mai. These remains, found together with anatomically preserved palm stems, augment previous reports of Sabalites ungeri (Lesq.) Dorf leaves from the same formation. The co‐occurrence of palm seeds with numerous juvenile hadrosaur and ceratopsian bones indicates that palms closely related to modern cabbage palms may have provided fodder and shelter for young herbivorous dinosaurs. The distribution of these and other Late Cretaceous palm fossils is reviewed.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1086/653688",
    doi = "10.1086/653688",
    openalex = "W2039728224",
    references = "doi101016003101829190145h, doi101016jpalaeo200505014, doi101016s0031018297001089, doi101017s1464793101005735, doi1010800072139519739989729, doi101111j10958339200600521x, doi101111j183593101982tb01239x, doi1011300091761319950231044eccalt23co2, doi101146annurevecolsys34011802132535, doi1011632294193290000220, doi1011632294193290000239, doi1023072399037, doi1023072666183, doi105860choice435902"
}

BACKGROUND: Basal iguanodontian dinosaurs were extremely successful animals, found in great abundance and diversity almost worldwide during the Early Cretaceous. In contrast to Europe and Asia, the North American record of Early Cretaceous basal iguanodonts has until recently been limited largely to skulls and skeletons of Tenontosaurus tilletti. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Herein we describe two new basal iguanodonts from the Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation of eastern Utah, each known from a partial skull and skeleton. Iguanacolossus fortis gen. et sp. nov. and Hippodraco scutodens gen. et sp. nov. are each diagnosed by a single autapomorphy and a unique combination of characters. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Iguanacolossus and Hippodraco add greatly to our knowledge of North American basal iguanodonts and prompt a new comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of basal iguanodont relationships. This analysis indicates that North American Early Cretaceous basal iguanodonts are more basal than their contemporaries in Europe and Asia.

@article{doi101371journalpone0014075,
    author = "McDonald, Andrew T. and Kirkland, James I. and DeBlieux, Donald D. and Madsen, Scott K. and Cavin, Jennifer and Milner, Andrew R. and Panzarin, Lukas",
    title = "New Basal Iguanodonts from the Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah and the Evolution of Thumb-Spiked Dinosaurs",
    year = "2010",
    journal = "PLoS ONE",
    abstract = "BACKGROUND: Basal iguanodontian dinosaurs were extremely successful animals, found in great abundance and diversity almost worldwide during the Early Cretaceous. In contrast to Europe and Asia, the North American record of Early Cretaceous basal iguanodonts has until recently been limited largely to skulls and skeletons of Tenontosaurus tilletti. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Herein we describe two new basal iguanodonts from the Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation of eastern Utah, each known from a partial skull and skeleton. Iguanacolossus fortis gen. et sp. nov. and Hippodraco scutodens gen. et sp. nov. are each diagnosed by a single autapomorphy and a unique combination of characters. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Iguanacolossus and Hippodraco add greatly to our knowledge of North American basal iguanodonts and prompt a new comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of basal iguanodont relationships. This analysis indicates that North American Early Cretaceous basal iguanodonts are more basal than their contemporaries in Europe and Asia.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014075",
    doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0014075",
    openalex = "W2049267198",
    references = "doi101007s0011401006506, doi101016s1631068303000022, doi101017s1477201903001032, doi10103821872, doi10108002724634199810011101, doi101086407120, doi101098rspl18870117, doi101111j10960031200800217x, doi101111j10963642200900617x, doi102475ajss319111253, doi105860choice393984, olson1972stratigraphy, openalexw3215057009, openalexw597685939"
}

Outcrop exposures and high-resolution subcrop data allow the description and mapping of four stratigraphic discontinuities in the fully nonmarine strata of the Campanian–Maastrichtian Wapiti Formation (Western Interior foreland basin, Alberta, Canada). This framework defines four unconformity-bounded depositional sequences (A–D), based on sequence stratigraphic methodology, well-log patterns, and facies analysis. In ascending order, sequence A records the transition from the underlying marine facies of the Puskwaskau Formation into the Wapiti fluvial facies, and consists of strongly progradational and aggradational stacking patterns. Sequences B and C show a similar pattern of basal amalgamated channelfill deposits that grade upwards into floodplain-dominated strata. Finally, sequence D is dominated by channelized sediments and extensive overbank facies. An aggradational stacking pattern suggests deposition under high-accommodation conditions. Maximum flooding surfaces are interpreted within fine-grained deposits in the upper portions of sequences C and D. They are tied to regionally extensive coals that accumulated more than 250 km away from the coeval shoreline. This study provides new evidence that major coal seams may represent the extension of marine maximum flooding surfaces into the downstream-controlled fluvial realm. Furthermore, the new stratigraphic framework of subaerial unconformities and maximum flooding surfaces provides the means of subdividing the previously undifferentiated fully nonmarine Wapiti Formation into depositional sequences and component systems tracts.

@article{doi102110jsr2010033,
    author = "Fanti, Federico and Catuneanu, Octavian",
    title = "Fluvial Sequence Stratigraphy: The Wapiti Formation, West-Central Alberta, Canada",
    year = "2010",
    journal = "Journal of Sedimentary Research",
    abstract = "Outcrop exposures and high-resolution subcrop data allow the description and mapping of four stratigraphic discontinuities in the fully nonmarine strata of the Campanian–Maastrichtian Wapiti Formation (Western Interior foreland basin, Alberta, Canada). This framework defines four unconformity-bounded depositional sequences (A–D), based on sequence stratigraphic methodology, well-log patterns, and facies analysis. In ascending order, sequence A records the transition from the underlying marine facies of the Puskwaskau Formation into the Wapiti fluvial facies, and consists of strongly progradational and aggradational stacking patterns. Sequences B and C show a similar pattern of basal amalgamated channelfill deposits that grade upwards into floodplain-dominated strata. Finally, sequence D is dominated by channelized sediments and extensive overbank facies. An aggradational stacking pattern suggests deposition under high-accommodation conditions. Maximum flooding surfaces are interpreted within fine-grained deposits in the upper portions of sequences C and D. They are tied to regionally extensive coals that accumulated more than 250 km away from the coeval shoreline. This study provides new evidence that major coal seams may represent the extension of marine maximum flooding surfaces into the downstream-controlled fluvial realm. Furthermore, the new stratigraphic framework of subaerial unconformities and maximum flooding surfaces provides the means of subdividing the previously undifferentiated fully nonmarine Wapiti Formation into depositional sequences and component systems tracts.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2010.033",
    doi = "10.2110/jsr.2010.033",
    openalex = "W2124677724",
    references = "doi1010160031018270900945, doi101016jpalaeo200902007, doi1035767gscpgbull444654, doi1035767gscpgbull452155"
}

@article{doi101016jpalaeo201206024,
    author = "Mallon, Jordan C. and Evans, David C. and Ryan, Michael J. and Anderson, Jason S.",
    title = "Megaherbivorous dinosaur turnover in the Dinosaur Park Formation (upper Campanian) of Alberta, Canada",
    year = "2012",
    journal = "Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.06.024",
    doi = "10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.06.024",
    openalex = "W2023998490",
    references = "brinkman1990paleooecology, doi1010160031018288900855, doi1010160098300487900227, doi101016jcretres200501002, doi10108001621459196310500845, doi101111j144299931993tb00438x, doi101111j146981371912tb05611x, doi101139e05029, doi101139e09050, doi101139e78109, doi101139e93016, doi101146annureves26110195002305, doi101371journalpone0012292, doi1016690883135120010160482ttoaco20co2, doi10167102724634200727373aarolm20co2, doi1023071412159, doi1023071932409, doi105281zenodo16435756, lehman1987late, openalexw2032279931, openalexw2183707334"
}

@article{doi101016jpalaeo201206027,
    author = "Brown, Caleb M. and Evans, David C. and Campione, Nicolás E. and O’Brien, Lorna J. and Eberth, David A.",
    title = "Evidence for taphonomic size bias in the Dinosaur Park Formation (Campanian, Alberta), a model Mesozoic terrestrial alluvial‐paralic system",
    year = "2012",
    journal = "Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.06.027",
    doi = "10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.06.027",
    openalex = "W2079386558",
    references = "doi101007s1143001040949, doi1010160031018288900855, doi101016003101828890096x, doi101016jcretres200806007, doi101016jtree200504005, doi101017cbo9780511608551, doi101073pnas0606028103, doi10108002724634199510011575, doi101080027246342013746229, doi101093bioinformaticsbtg287, doi101093sysbio24137, doi101098rspb20091845, doi101111j109636421997tb00340x, doi101126science1116412, doi101126science1156963, doi101126science24148721441, doi101126science28454232137, doi101126science7701342, doi101144sp35813, doi101146annureves26110195002305, doi101186174170071060, doi101371journalpone0016574, doi101371journalpone0037122, doi1015468gcrned, doi1016690883135120010160482ttoaco20co2, doi1016710390290119, doi101890070037, doi105281zenodo1040973, doi105860choice331556, doi105860choice435902, doi107208chicago97802267237300010001, horner2011dinosaur, longrich2008a"
}

Palynological studies of the mainly terrestrial Edmonton Group in Alberta, Canada have been undertaken for the last 64 years. The Edmonton Group is of Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) age and was deposited on the northwestern fringes of the regressing North American inland sea. Satish K. Srivastava initiated the detailed palynological study of the Edmonton Group, publishing many papers on the taxonomy and biostratigraphy of this unit. Subsequent palynological studies have produced significant additional information about the biostratigraphy of these strata. The accumulated data on lithostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy and radiometric dating have allowed for a better understanding of the group. Satish K. Srivastava formalized many species from the Edmonton Group and a list of type specimens is provided together with new curation information. All of the microscope slides have been transferred to the collections of the Royal Tyrrell Museum. Neotypes and lectotypes are herein designated and illustrated for 21 missing original type specimens. Wodehouseia edmontonicola is emended and new combinations are proposed for Expressipollis catterallii, Siberiapollis major and Corrugatisporites verrucosus. The ranges of selected species provide an updated biostratigraphy for the Edmonton Group.

@article{doi101080019161222012673288,
    author = "Srivastava, Satish K. and Braman, Dennis R.",
    title = "The palynostratigraphy of the Edmonton Group (Upper Cretaceous) of Alberta, Canada",
    year = "2012",
    journal = "Palynology",
    abstract = "Palynological studies of the mainly terrestrial Edmonton Group in Alberta, Canada have been undertaken for the last 64 years. The Edmonton Group is of Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) age and was deposited on the northwestern fringes of the regressing North American inland sea. Satish K. Srivastava initiated the detailed palynological study of the Edmonton Group, publishing many papers on the taxonomy and biostratigraphy of this unit. Subsequent palynological studies have produced significant additional information about the biostratigraphy of these strata. The accumulated data on lithostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy and radiometric dating have allowed for a better understanding of the group. Satish K. Srivastava formalized many species from the Edmonton Group and a list of type specimens is provided together with new curation information. All of the microscope slides have been transferred to the collections of the Royal Tyrrell Museum. Neotypes and lectotypes are herein designated and illustrated for 21 missing original type specimens. Wodehouseia edmontonicola is emended and new combinations are proposed for Expressipollis catterallii, Siberiapollis major and Corrugatisporites verrucosus. The ranges of selected species provide an updated biostratigraphy for the Edmonton Group.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2012.673288",
    doi = "10.1080/01916122.2012.673288",
    openalex = "W2111697208",
    references = "doi1010160031018270900945, doi101017cbo9780511536045, doi1010382031227a0, doi101038252708a0, doi1010800072139519769989773, doi101130spe247, doi101139e01085, doi101139e98018, doi10130683d923ed16c711d78645000102c1865d, doi1021130250057, openalexw3110810971, srivastava1968eight"
}

The Upper Cretaceous paralic to nonmarine Horseshoe Canyon Formation (HCFm) of southern Alberta is divided into seven mappable members: Strathmore, Drumheller, Horsethief, Morrin, Tolman, Carbon, and Whitemud (bottom to top). This subdivision, based on combined outcrop and subsurface analyses, reflects lithostratigraphic variations related to changes in sea level (previously recognized) and newly documented changes in climate, volcanism, and orogenesis in an evolving foreland basin. Million-year-scale cycles of orogenesis resulted in changes in sediment supply and rates of subsidence in the basin and are interpreted in the context of a simple, two-phase foreland-basin sequence stratigraphic model: (i) overthrust loading resulting in reduced rates of sediment supply and subsidence in the most distal portions of the Alberta foredeep (our field area); (ii) tectonic quiescence leading to increased rates of sediment supply and subsidence during proximal-foredeep rebound. During the first ∼2.5 Ma of its history (Strathmore and Drumheller members), the HCFm was tectonically and climatically “stable”, and depositional style and stratigraphic architecture were influenced by vertical aggradation and modest progradation of shorelines. During the remaining ∼4.5 Ma (Horsethief, Morrin, Tolman, Carbon, and Whitemud members), there were more complex and frequent changes in climate, volcanism, orogenesis, landscape weathering, and soil formation. Understanding this previously unrecognized complexity is critical for correctly assessing hydrocarbon resource distributions and biostratigraphic and taphonomic patterns.

@article{doi101139e2012035,
    author = "Eberth, David A. and Braman, Dennis R.",
    title = "A revised stratigraphy and depositional history for the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Upper Cretaceous), southern Alberta plains",
    year = "2012",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences",
    abstract = "The Upper Cretaceous paralic to nonmarine Horseshoe Canyon Formation (HCFm) of southern Alberta is divided into seven mappable members: Strathmore, Drumheller, Horsethief, Morrin, Tolman, Carbon, and Whitemud (bottom to top). This subdivision, based on combined outcrop and subsurface analyses, reflects lithostratigraphic variations related to changes in sea level (previously recognized) and newly documented changes in climate, volcanism, and orogenesis in an evolving foreland basin. Million-year-scale cycles of orogenesis resulted in changes in sediment supply and rates of subsidence in the basin and are interpreted in the context of a simple, two-phase foreland-basin sequence stratigraphic model: (i) overthrust loading resulting in reduced rates of sediment supply and subsidence in the most distal portions of the Alberta foredeep (our field area); (ii) tectonic quiescence leading to increased rates of sediment supply and subsidence during proximal-foredeep rebound. During the first ∼2.5 Ma of its history (Strathmore and Drumheller members), the HCFm was tectonically and climatically “stable”, and depositional style and stratigraphic architecture were influenced by vertical aggradation and modest progradation of shorelines. During the remaining ∼4.5 Ma (Horsethief, Morrin, Tolman, Carbon, and Whitemud members), there were more complex and frequent changes in climate, volcanism, orogenesis, landscape weathering, and soil formation. Understanding this previously unrecognized complexity is critical for correctly assessing hydrocarbon resource distributions and biostratigraphic and taphonomic patterns.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/e2012-035",
    doi = "10.1139/e2012-035",
    openalex = "W2017486262",
    references = "doi1010160031018270900945, doi101016jpalaeo200401006, doi101080019161222012673288, doi101139e10005"
}

A high-resolution biostratigraphic analysis of 287 dinosaurian macrofossils and 138 bonebeds in the Edmonton Group (Upper Cretaceous) of southern Alberta provides evidence for at least three dinosaurian assemblage zones in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (HCFm). From bottom to top the zones comprise unique assemblages of ornithischians and are named as follows: (1) Edmontosaurus regalis – Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis (lower zone); (2) Hypacrosaurus altispinus – Saurolophus osborni (middle zone); and (3) Eotriceratops xerinsularis (upper zone). Whereas the lower and middle zones are well defined and based on abundant specimens, the validity of the uppermost zone (E. xerinsularis) is tentative because it is based on a single specimen and the absence of dinosaur taxa from lower in section. The transition from the lower to the middle zone coincides with the replacement of a warm-and-wet saturated deltaic setting by a cooler, coastal-plain landscape, characterized by seasonal rainfall and better-drained substrates. Whereas changes in rainfall and substrate drainage appear to have influenced the faunal change, changes in mean annual temperature and proximity to shoreline appear to have had little influence on faunal change. We speculate that the faunal change between the middle and upper zones also resulted from a change in climate, with ornithischian dinosaurs responding to the re-establishment of wetter-and-warmer climates and poorly-drained substrates. Compared with the shorter-duration and climatically-consistent dinosaurian assemblage zones in the older Dinosaur Park Formation of southern Alberta, HCFm assemblage zones record long-term morphological stasis in dinosaurs. Furthermore, the coincidence of faunal and paleoenvironmental changes in the HCFm suggest climate-change-driven dinosaur migrations into and out of the region.

@article{doi101139cjes20120185,
    author = "Eberth, David A. and Evans, David C. and Brinkman, Donald B. and Therrien, François and Tanke, Darren H. and Russell, Loris S.",
    title = "Dinosaur biostratigraphy of the Edmonton Group (Upper Cretaceous), Alberta, Canada: evidence for climate influence",
    year = "2013",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences",
    abstract = "A high-resolution biostratigraphic analysis of 287 dinosaurian macrofossils and 138 bonebeds in the Edmonton Group (Upper Cretaceous) of southern Alberta provides evidence for at least three dinosaurian assemblage zones in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (HCFm). From bottom to top the zones comprise unique assemblages of ornithischians and are named as follows: (1) Edmontosaurus regalis – Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis (lower zone); (2) Hypacrosaurus altispinus – Saurolophus osborni (middle zone); and (3) Eotriceratops xerinsularis (upper zone). Whereas the lower and middle zones are well defined and based on abundant specimens, the validity of the uppermost zone (E. xerinsularis) is tentative because it is based on a single specimen and the absence of dinosaur taxa from lower in section. The transition from the lower to the middle zone coincides with the replacement of a warm-and-wet saturated deltaic setting by a cooler, coastal-plain landscape, characterized by seasonal rainfall and better-drained substrates. Whereas changes in rainfall and substrate drainage appear to have influenced the faunal change, changes in mean annual temperature and proximity to shoreline appear to have had little influence on faunal change. We speculate that the faunal change between the middle and upper zones also resulted from a change in climate, with ornithischian dinosaurs responding to the re-establishment of wetter-and-warmer climates and poorly-drained substrates. Compared with the shorter-duration and climatically-consistent dinosaurian assemblage zones in the older Dinosaur Park Formation of southern Alberta, HCFm assemblage zones record long-term morphological stasis in dinosaurs. Furthermore, the coincidence of faunal and paleoenvironmental changes in the HCFm suggest climate-change-driven dinosaur migrations into and out of the region.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2012-0185",
    doi = "10.1139/cjes-2012-0185",
    openalex = "W2157353435",
    references = "doi101016jpalaeo201206024, doi101016jpalaeo201206027, doi101017cbo9780511536045020, doi101098rspb20090352, doi101126science1177265, doi1011270078042120120020, doi101139e10005, doi101139e11017, doi101139e72031, doi101139e93016, doi10130683d923ed16c711d78645000102c1865d, doi101371journalpone0016574, doi101371journalpone0025186, doi104202app20110033, doi105281zenodo3725717, horner2011dinosaur, openalexw2989049194, sternberg1926notes"
}

The Grande Prairie region (Alberta, Canada) includes some of the richest Cretaceous fossil sites in North America, including the recently described bonebed of Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai at the Pipestone Creek locality. Here we describe a new multi-taxa, ceratopsian-dominated bonebed from the region, integrating taphonomic, radioisotopic, and paleoecological data. The bonebed can be traced for 107 m and has been excavated over an area of 40 m 2 with an average bone density of 30–50 elements/m 2. The new bonebed occurs within Unit 4 of the upper Campanian Wapiti Formation, and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating provides an age of 71.89 ± 0.14 Ma, thus making the site equivalent in age to the upper Drumheller Member of the lower Horseshoe Canyon Formation of central Alberta. About 88% of vertebrate remains are ceratopsian, and dromaeosaurid, hadrosaurid, troodontid, and tyrannosaurid remains have also been identified. Juvenile material, although scarce, indicates an assemblage of individuals of different ages. Specimens showed no strong preferred two-dimensional orientation but are clearly sorted vertically. Taphonomic and sedimentological interpretation support a complex pre-burial history of preserved elements as well as a depositional setting characterized by persistent waterlogged conditions as those typical of large oxbow lakes or marshy/swampy areas, as well as lacustrine settings within an alluvial plain. Being located more than 450 km inland from the paleo-coastline, the new bonebed represents one of the farthest-known inland occurrence of centrosaurines in North America, further supporting the presence of large aggregations of ceratopsian far from the coastal lowlands of the Western Interior Seaway.

@article{doi101139cjes20140197,
    author = "Fanti, Federico and Currie, Philip J. and Burns, Michael E.",
    title = "Taphonomy, age, and paleoecological implication of a new Pachyrhinosaurus (Dinosauria: Ceratopsidae) bonebed from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Wapiti Formation of Alberta, Canada",
    year = "2015",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences",
    abstract = "The Grande Prairie region (Alberta, Canada) includes some of the richest Cretaceous fossil sites in North America, including the recently described bonebed of Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai at the Pipestone Creek locality. Here we describe a new multi-taxa, ceratopsian-dominated bonebed from the region, integrating taphonomic, radioisotopic, and paleoecological data. The bonebed can be traced for 107 m and has been excavated over an area of 40 m 2 with an average bone density of 30–50 elements/m 2. The new bonebed occurs within Unit 4 of the upper Campanian Wapiti Formation, and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating provides an age of 71.89 ± 0.14 Ma, thus making the site equivalent in age to the upper Drumheller Member of the lower Horseshoe Canyon Formation of central Alberta. About 88\% of vertebrate remains are ceratopsian, and dromaeosaurid, hadrosaurid, troodontid, and tyrannosaurid remains have also been identified. Juvenile material, although scarce, indicates an assemblage of individuals of different ages. Specimens showed no strong preferred two-dimensional orientation but are clearly sorted vertically. Taphonomic and sedimentological interpretation support a complex pre-burial history of preserved elements as well as a depositional setting characterized by persistent waterlogged conditions as those typical of large oxbow lakes or marshy/swampy areas, as well as lacustrine settings within an alluvial plain. Being located more than 450 km inland from the paleo-coastline, the new bonebed represents one of the farthest-known inland occurrence of centrosaurines in North America, further supporting the presence of large aggregations of ceratopsian far from the coastal lowlands of the Western Interior Seaway.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0197",
    doi = "10.1139/cjes-2014-0197",
    openalex = "W2151533434",
    references = "doi101080019161222012673288"
}

The fossil record of the earliest primates, purgatoriid plesiadapiforms, has become increasingly well documented during the past two decades, but their dietary preferences remain poorly understood. While the available evidence, which consists mostly of isolated teeth and incomplete jaws with teeth, suggests that purgatoriids were insectivorous to omnivorous, we describe here a new species of Purgatorius, Purgatorius pinecreeensis sp. nov., that extends the range of purgatoriid dental disparity toward greater omnivory than had been known before. Purgatorius pinecreeensis sp. nov., from the early Paleocene (Puercan) Ravenscrag Formation of southwestern Saskatchewan, differs from other species of Purgatorius in having slightly lower crowned teeth with a lower trigonid relative to talonid, blunter and more swollen major cusps, more transverse lower molar paracristids, and m3 with a more robustly developed posterior lobe. Taken together, these specializations enhanced the capacity for crushing and grinding at the expense of orthal shear, and represent the first instance of a modest degree of bunodonty in the family. The discovery of P. pinecreeensis sp. nov., along with other recently reported basal plesiadapiforms from the Puercan and Torrejonian of the northern Western Interior, lends additional support to the notion of a significant primate radiation soon after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.

@article{doi101139cjes20150238,
    author = "Scott, Craig S. and Fox, Richard C. and Redman, Cory M.",
    title = "A new species of the basal plesiadapiform Purgatorius (Mammalia, Primates) from the early Paleocene Ravenscrag Formation, Cypress Hills, southwest Saskatchewan, Canada: further taxonomic and dietary diversity in the earliest primates",
    year = "2016",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences",
    abstract = "The fossil record of the earliest primates, purgatoriid plesiadapiforms, has become increasingly well documented during the past two decades, but their dietary preferences remain poorly understood. While the available evidence, which consists mostly of isolated teeth and incomplete jaws with teeth, suggests that purgatoriids were insectivorous to omnivorous, we describe here a new species of Purgatorius, Purgatorius pinecreeensis sp. nov., that extends the range of purgatoriid dental disparity toward greater omnivory than had been known before. Purgatorius pinecreeensis sp. nov., from the early Paleocene (Puercan) Ravenscrag Formation of southwestern Saskatchewan, differs from other species of Purgatorius in having slightly lower crowned teeth with a lower trigonid relative to talonid, blunter and more swollen major cusps, more transverse lower molar paracristids, and m3 with a more robustly developed posterior lobe. Taken together, these specializations enhanced the capacity for crushing and grinding at the expense of orthal shear, and represent the first instance of a modest degree of bunodonty in the family. The discovery of P. pinecreeensis sp. nov., along with other recently reported basal plesiadapiforms from the Puercan and Torrejonian of the northern Western Interior, lends additional support to the notion of a significant primate radiation soon after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2015-0238",
    doi = "10.1139/cjes-2015-0238",
    openalex = "W2303208212",
    references = "doi101139cjes20150038"
}

Interbasinal stratigraphic correlation provides the foundation for all consequent continental-scale geological and paleontological analyses. Correlation requires synthesis of lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic and geochronologic data, and must be periodically updated to accord with advances in dating techniques, changing standards for radiometric dates, new stratigraphic concepts, hypotheses, fossil specimens, and field data. Outdated or incorrect correlation exposes geological and paleontological analyses to potential error. The current work presents a high-resolution stratigraphic chart for terrestrial Late Cretaceous units of North America, combining published chronostratigraphic, lithostratigraphic, and biostratigraphic data. 40Ar / 39Ar radiometric dates are newly recalibrated to both current standard and decay constant pairings. Revisions to the stratigraphic placement of most units are slight, but important changes are made to the proposed correlations of the Aguja and Javelina formations, Texas, and recalibration corrections in particular affect the relative age positions of the Belly River Group, Alberta; Judith River Formation, Montana; Kaiparowits Formation, Utah; and Fruitland and Kirtland formations, New Mexico. The stratigraphic ranges of selected clades of dinosaur species are plotted on the chronostratigraphic framework, with some clades comprising short-duration species that do not overlap stratigraphically with preceding or succeeding forms. This is the expected pattern that is produced by an anagenetic mode of evolution, suggesting that true branching (speciation) events were rare and may have geographic significance. The recent hypothesis of intracontinental latitudinal provinciality of dinosaurs is shown to be affected by previous stratigraphic miscorrelation. Rapid stepwise acquisition of display characters in many dinosaur clades, in particular chasmosaurine ceratopsids, suggests that they may be useful for high resolution biostratigraphy.

@article{doi101371journalpone0188426,
    author = "Fowler, Denver Warwick",
    title = "Revised geochronology, correlation, and dinosaur stratigraphic ranges of the Santonian-Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) formations of the Western Interior of North America.",
    year = "2017",
    journal = "PloS one",
    abstract = "Interbasinal stratigraphic correlation provides the foundation for all consequent continental-scale geological and paleontological analyses. Correlation requires synthesis of lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic and geochronologic data, and must be periodically updated to accord with advances in dating techniques, changing standards for radiometric dates, new stratigraphic concepts, hypotheses, fossil specimens, and field data. Outdated or incorrect correlation exposes geological and paleontological analyses to potential error. The current work presents a high-resolution stratigraphic chart for terrestrial Late Cretaceous units of North America, combining published chronostratigraphic, lithostratigraphic, and biostratigraphic data. 40Ar / 39Ar radiometric dates are newly recalibrated to both current standard and decay constant pairings. Revisions to the stratigraphic placement of most units are slight, but important changes are made to the proposed correlations of the Aguja and Javelina formations, Texas, and recalibration corrections in particular affect the relative age positions of the Belly River Group, Alberta; Judith River Formation, Montana; Kaiparowits Formation, Utah; and Fruitland and Kirtland formations, New Mexico. The stratigraphic ranges of selected clades of dinosaur species are plotted on the chronostratigraphic framework, with some clades comprising short-duration species that do not overlap stratigraphically with preceding or succeeding forms. This is the expected pattern that is produced by an anagenetic mode of evolution, suggesting that true branching (speciation) events were rare and may have geographic significance. The recent hypothesis of intracontinental latitudinal provinciality of dinosaurs is shown to be affected by previous stratigraphic miscorrelation. Rapid stepwise acquisition of display characters in many dinosaur clades, in particular chasmosaurine ceratopsids, suggests that they may be useful for high resolution biostratigraphy.",
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5699823/",
    doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0188426",
    openalex = "W2544476050",
    pmcid = "PMC5699823",
    pmid = "29166406",
    references = "doi1010160012821x77900607, doi101016016896228790025x, doi101016037594749090598g, doi101016jgca201006017, doi101016jgca201106021, doi101016jsedgeo200610001, doi101016s0009254197001599, doi101016s0016703799002045, doi101016s0375947497006131, doi101126science1154339, doi101130001676061952631011cotcfo20co2, doi101130b310761, doi101139e93016, doi101371journalpone0012292, doi101371journalpone0024487, doi101371journalpone0025186, doi101371journalpone0141304, doi10167102724634200727373aarolm20co2, doi105860choice514447, lehman1987late, openalexw2025327988"
}

Abstract Multituberculates were among the most taxonomically diverse mammals of the early Paleocene, having survived the catastrophic Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction and radiating soon thereafter. Although their evolution during the early Paleocene saw the advent of increasingly specialized dentitions, multituberculates generally remained small, rarely exceeding body sizes greater than those of extant rabbits. A conspicuous exception is the Taeniolabidoidea, a primarily North American clade whose members include the largest multituberculates yet discovered. Taeniolabidoidea includes several genera, with one of these, Catopsalis, being speciose and geographically wide ranging. Until recently, the chronological succession of Catopsalis appeared to document a trend of increasing body size. We report here on a new species of Catopsalis from the early Paleocene of Alberta that violates this trend and suggests that the evolutionary history of Catopsalis is considerably more complex. Catopsalis kakwa new species is not only the smallest species of Catopsalis, but is the smallest taeniolabidoid so far discovered, with an estimated body mass between 400 g and 660 g. In contrast to previous studies, we used recently proposed regressions based on lower cheek tooth row length to estimate body masses for North American taeniolabidoids. Our results propose more modest body mass estimates, particularly for the largest taeniolabidoids. The occurrence of C. kakwa n. sp. in the late early Paleocene implies either a significant ghost lineage, or reversal of several characters, including body size, during the latter part of the early Paleocene; the more likely of these scenarios must await a better understanding of the phylogenetic position of C. kakwa n. sp. UUID: http://zoobank.org/66d85345-49b8-4a46-ba6e-a4d4369cb3e0 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AF7A5659-9068-4F2F-A6EC-5522A2BBA4CB

@article{doi101017jpa20182,
    author = "Scott, Craig S. and Weil, Anne and Theodor, Jessica M.",
    title = "A new, diminutive species of Catopsalis (Mammalia, Multituberculata, Taeniolabidoidea) from the early Paleocene of southwestern Alberta, Canada",
    year = "2018",
    journal = "Journal of Paleontology",
    abstract = "Abstract Multituberculates were among the most taxonomically diverse mammals of the early Paleocene, having survived the catastrophic Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction and radiating soon thereafter. Although their evolution during the early Paleocene saw the advent of increasingly specialized dentitions, multituberculates generally remained small, rarely exceeding body sizes greater than those of extant rabbits. A conspicuous exception is the Taeniolabidoidea, a primarily North American clade whose members include the largest multituberculates yet discovered. Taeniolabidoidea includes several genera, with one of these, Catopsalis, being speciose and geographically wide ranging. Until recently, the chronological succession of Catopsalis appeared to document a trend of increasing body size. We report here on a new species of Catopsalis from the early Paleocene of Alberta that violates this trend and suggests that the evolutionary history of Catopsalis is considerably more complex. Catopsalis kakwa new species is not only the smallest species of Catopsalis, but is the smallest taeniolabidoid so far discovered, with an estimated body mass between 400 g and 660 g. In contrast to previous studies, we used recently proposed regressions based on lower cheek tooth row length to estimate body masses for North American taeniolabidoids. Our results propose more modest body mass estimates, particularly for the largest taeniolabidoids. The occurrence of C. kakwa n. sp. in the late early Paleocene implies either a significant ghost lineage, or reversal of several characters, including body size, during the latter part of the early Paleocene; the more likely of these scenarios must await a better understanding of the phylogenetic position of C. kakwa n. sp. UUID: http://zoobank.org/66d85345-49b8-4a46-ba6e-a4d4369cb3e0 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AF7A5659-9068-4F2F-A6EC-5522A2BBA4CB",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2018.2",
    doi = "10.1017/jpa.2018.2",
    openalex = "W2809393531",
    references = "doi101139cjes20150038"
}

The Foremost Formation of southern Alberta, Canada, is the basal member of the Cretaceous (Campanian) Belly River Group, and has been understudied relative to the overlying Oldman and Dinosaur Park formations of this group. Examined outcrop of the upper Foremost Formation preserves coastal estuarine or barrier island/lagoonal environments that transition upward into more inland coastal/ fluvial plain environments during the Claggett marine regression of the Western Interior Seaway. A low abundance, low diversity agglutinated benthic foraminiferal fauna, together with whole rock geochemical proxies, suggests commonly stressed oxygen and salinity conditions in marginal marine environments. Vertebrate microsite faunas display a primarily brackish water environmental influence, with an increase in diversity upsection in conjunction with increased terrestrial deposition. Hadrosaur remains suggest the previously unknown presence of kritosaurs and potentially a basal hadrosauroid, suggesting that the Foremost Formation dinosaur fauna was similarly diverse compared to faunas of well-characterized Campanian formations in North America.

@phdthesis{doi1022215etd201812870,
    author = "Thompson, Michael J.",
    title = "A Multidisciplinary Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction of the Campanian Foremost Formation of Southern Alberta",
    year = "2018",
    abstract = "The Foremost Formation of southern Alberta, Canada, is the basal member of the Cretaceous (Campanian) Belly River Group, and has been understudied relative to the overlying Oldman and Dinosaur Park formations of this group. Examined outcrop of the upper Foremost Formation preserves coastal estuarine or barrier island/lagoonal environments that transition upward into more inland coastal/ fluvial plain environments during the Claggett marine regression of the Western Interior Seaway. A low abundance, low diversity agglutinated benthic foraminiferal fauna, together with whole rock geochemical proxies, suggests commonly stressed oxygen and salinity conditions in marginal marine environments. Vertebrate microsite faunas display a primarily brackish water environmental influence, with an increase in diversity upsection in conjunction with increased terrestrial deposition. Hadrosaur remains suggest the previously unknown presence of kritosaurs and potentially a basal hadrosauroid, suggesting that the Foremost Formation dinosaur fauna was similarly diverse compared to faunas of well-characterized Campanian formations in North America.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.22215/etd/2018-12870",
    doi = "10.22215/etd/2018-12870",
    openalex = "W2955523358",
    references = "doi105962bhltitle52089"
}

Modern megaherbivore community richness is limited by bottom-up controls, such as resource limitation and resultant dietary competition. However, the extent to which these same controls impacted the richness of fossil megaherbivore communities is poorly understood. The present study investigates the matter with reference to the megaherbivorous dinosaur assemblage from the middle to upper Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada. Using a meta-analysis of 21 ecomorphological variables measured across 14 genera, contemporaneous taxa are demonstrably well-separated in ecomorphospace at the family/subfamily level. Moreover, this pattern is persistent through the approximately 1.5 Myr timespan of the formation, despite continual species turnover, indicative of underlying structural principles imposed by long-term ecological competition. After considering the implications of ecomorphology for megaherbivorous dinosaur diet, it is concluded that competition structured comparable megaherbivorous dinosaur communities throughout the Late Cretaceous of western North America.

@article{doi101038s41598019517095,
    author = "Mallon, Jordan C.",
    title = "Competition structured a Late Cretaceous megaherbivorous dinosaur assemblage",
    year = "2019",
    journal = "Scientific Reports",
    abstract = "Modern megaherbivore community richness is limited by bottom-up controls, such as resource limitation and resultant dietary competition. However, the extent to which these same controls impacted the richness of fossil megaherbivore communities is poorly understood. The present study investigates the matter with reference to the megaherbivorous dinosaur assemblage from the middle to upper Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada. Using a meta-analysis of 21 ecomorphological variables measured across 14 genera, contemporaneous taxa are demonstrably well-separated in ecomorphospace at the family/subfamily level. Moreover, this pattern is persistent through the approximately 1.5 Myr timespan of the formation, despite continual species turnover, indicative of underlying structural principles imposed by long-term ecological competition. After considering the implications of ecomorphology for megaherbivorous dinosaur diet, it is concluded that competition structured comparable megaherbivorous dinosaur communities throughout the Late Cretaceous of western North America.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51709-5",
    doi = "10.1038/s41598-019-51709-5",
    openalex = "W2981425882",
    references = "doi101007978146124018114, doi101017cbo9780511565441, doi101017cbo9780511608551, doi101017cbo9780511735011, doi101086653688, doi101093biomet301281, doi101098rsos161086, doi101111j15023931200900187x, doi101139cjes20120185, doi101139e10005, doi101139e78109, doi101186147267851314, doi1012060003008220023660001aitrou20co2, doi101371journalpone0098605, doi101371journalpone0175253, doi101371journalpone0188426, doi1023073545850, doi1023075663, doi102475ajs2628975, openalexw2183707334"
}

Several published censuses have noted the presence of two tyrannosaurids, Daspletosaurus sp. and Albertosaurus sarcophagus, within the Upper Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta. Although A. sarcophagus is known from more than a dozen major discoveries in these strata, Daspletosaurus sp. is known from just a single problematic skeleton (lacking most of the skull) of a young individual. Here we describe and figure this skeleton, and marshal a variety of osteohistologic, morphometric, and phylogenetic methods to accurately determine its taxonomic status. Although none of these methods individually provides convincing evidence regarding the affinities of the specimen, together (and including other historical and biostratigraphic considerations) they strongly imply that the skeleton instead pertains to a young A. sarcophagus. In this way, we show that only a single species of tyrannosaurid is definitively present in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, greatly simplifying interpretations of tyrannosaurid evolution and ecology in this setting. Anat Rec, 303:673-690, 2020. © 2019 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.

@article{doi101002ar24199,
    author = "Mallon, Jordan C and Bura, Jonathan R and Schumann, Dirk and Currie, Philip J",
    title = "A Problematic Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) Skeleton and Its Implications for Tyrannosaurid Diversity in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Alberta.",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J.: 2007)",
    abstract = "Several published censuses have noted the presence of two tyrannosaurids, Daspletosaurus sp. and Albertosaurus sarcophagus, within the Upper Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta. Although A. sarcophagus is known from more than a dozen major discoveries in these strata, Daspletosaurus sp. is known from just a single problematic skeleton (lacking most of the skull) of a young individual. Here we describe and figure this skeleton, and marshal a variety of osteohistologic, morphometric, and phylogenetic methods to accurately determine its taxonomic status. Although none of these methods individually provides convincing evidence regarding the affinities of the specimen, together (and including other historical and biostratigraphic considerations) they strongly imply that the skeleton instead pertains to a young A. sarcophagus. In this way, we show that only a single species of tyrannosaurid is definitively present in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, greatly simplifying interpretations of tyrannosaurid evolution and ecology in this setting. Anat Rec, 303:673-690, 2020. © 2019 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.",
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7079176/",
    doi = "10.1002/ar.24199",
    openalex = "W2953721913",
    pmcid = "PMC7079176",
    pmid = "31254458",
    references = "doi10108002724634200310010947, doi101111j10960031200800217x, doi101146annureven10010165000525, doi1023071292217, doi1023072412825, doi105860choice393984, doi105860choice435902, openalexw2183707334, openalexw2506868775, openalexw2611511275"
}

Our understanding of caenagnathid anatomy, diversity, and ecology has improved considerably in the past twenty years, but numerous issues still remain. Among these, the diversity and taxonomy of caenagnathids from the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada, have remained problematic. Whereas some authors recognize three genera, others suggest only two were present, and there is considerable disagreement about which specimens are referable to which genus. This study aims to resolve this issue by reviewing the known specimens and using osteohistology, to establish a testable taxonomic framework of Dinosaur Park Formation caenagnathids. Numerous new specimens from all regions of the skeleton provide insight into morphological variation in caenagnathids, and three morphotypes are recognized based on a combination of morphological features and body size. Osteohistology shows that representatives in each body size class are at skeletal maturity, and therefore supports the delineation of three taxa: the smaller Citipes elegans gen. nov., the intermediate Chirostenotes pergracilis, and the larger Caenagnathus collinsi, new material of which shows it rivalled Anzu wyliei in size. However, these analyses also raise concerns about the referral of isolated material to each taxon in the absence of skeletal overlap between specimens or osteohistological analysis. Caenagnathids are consistently recovered throughout the Dinosaur Park Formation interval, and two geographic clusters of increased abundance probably reflect collection and taphonomic biases. The coexistence of three taxa was apparently facilitated by differences in both adult body size and functional morphology of the dentary and pes, which suggests that caenagnathids minimized niche overlap rather than subdividing niche space. Regardless, little is known of the exact roles caenagnathids played in Late Cretaceous ecosystems. Incorporation of the new material and taxonomic framework into a phylogenetic analysis drastically improves our understanding of the relationships between caenagnathines, and sheds light on the evolution of body size in caenagnathids and its role in their diversification.

@article{doi1018435vamp29362,
    author = "Funston, Gregory F.",
    title = "Caenagnathids of the Dinosaur Park Formation (Campanian) of Alberta, Canada: anatomy, osteohistology, taxonomy, and evolution",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology",
    abstract = "Our understanding of caenagnathid anatomy, diversity, and ecology has improved considerably in the past twenty years, but numerous issues still remain. Among these, the diversity and taxonomy of caenagnathids from the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada, have remained problematic. Whereas some authors recognize three genera, others suggest only two were present, and there is considerable disagreement about which specimens are referable to which genus. This study aims to resolve this issue by reviewing the known specimens and using osteohistology, to establish a testable taxonomic framework of Dinosaur Park Formation caenagnathids. Numerous new specimens from all regions of the skeleton provide insight into morphological variation in caenagnathids, and three morphotypes are recognized based on a combination of morphological features and body size. Osteohistology shows that representatives in each body size class are at skeletal maturity, and therefore supports the delineation of three taxa: the smaller Citipes elegans gen. nov., the intermediate Chirostenotes pergracilis, and the larger Caenagnathus collinsi, new material of which shows it rivalled Anzu wyliei in size. However, these analyses also raise concerns about the referral of isolated material to each taxon in the absence of skeletal overlap between specimens or osteohistological analysis. Caenagnathids are consistently recovered throughout the Dinosaur Park Formation interval, and two geographic clusters of increased abundance probably reflect collection and taphonomic biases. The coexistence of three taxa was apparently facilitated by differences in both adult body size and functional morphology of the dentary and pes, which suggests that caenagnathids minimized niche overlap rather than subdividing niche space. Regardless, little is known of the exact roles caenagnathids played in Late Cretaceous ecosystems. Incorporation of the new material and taxonomic framework into a phylogenetic analysis drastically improves our understanding of the relationships between caenagnathines, and sheds light on the evolution of body size in caenagnathids and its role in their diversification.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.18435/vamp29362",
    doi = "10.18435/vamp29362",
    openalex = "W3045553219",
    references = "doi101007978148995740520, doi101016jcretres2020104521, doi101016s1631069102014294, doi101038nature11264, doi101073pnas0708903105, doi101073pnas1602683113, doi10108002724634199910011161, doi101126science1161833, doi101139e72031, doi1016660094837320080340247ositlb20co2, doi105860choice435902"
}

A nearly complete shell of the genus Adocus (Adocidae; Pan-Trionychia; Cryptodira; Testudines) was collected from the late Cretaceous (Turonian) Tamagawa Formation of Kuji Group at Kuji City, Iwate Prefecture, northeast Japan. This turtle shows unique features such as the loss of cervical scute, extreme expansion of marginal scutes overlying costal plates, and exclusion of the humeral-pectoral sulcus from entoplastron. Thus, A. kohaku is erected as a new species. As A. kohaku shows most derived position of A. kohaku within this genus, morphological diversity of the genus Adocus seems to have occurred rather early in its evolution in Eastern Asia.

@article{doi1023880ijpbp16000122,
    author = "Hirayama, Ren",
    title = "Adocus Kohaku, A New Species of Aquatic Turtle (Testudines: Cryptodira: Adocidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Kuji, Iwate Prefecture, Northeast Japan, with Special References to the Geological Age of the Tamagawa Formation (Kuji Group) LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:61376EEE-A386-416E-98AE-FF64FE2597A2",
    year = "2021",
    journal = "International Journal of Paleobiology \& Paleontology",
    abstract = "A nearly complete shell of the genus Adocus (Adocidae; Pan-Trionychia; Cryptodira; Testudines) was collected from the late Cretaceous (Turonian) Tamagawa Formation of Kuji Group at Kuji City, Iwate Prefecture, northeast Japan. This turtle shows unique features such as the loss of cervical scute, extreme expansion of marginal scutes overlying costal plates, and exclusion of the humeral-pectoral sulcus from entoplastron. Thus, A. kohaku is erected as a new species. As A. kohaku shows most derived position of A. kohaku within this genus, morphological diversity of the genus Adocus seems to have occurred rather early in its evolution in Eastern Asia.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.23880/ijpbp-16000122",
    doi = "10.23880/ijpbp-16000122",
    openalex = "W3156471690",
    references = "doi101007bf02856600"
}

Here we describe a new derived tyrannosaurine, Daspletosaurus wilsoni sp. nov., from Judithian strata (~76.5 Ma) intermediate in age between either of the previously described species of this genus. D. wilsoni displays a unique combination of ancestral and derived characteristics, including a cornual process of the lacrimal reduced in height relative to D. torosus and more basal tyrannosaurines, and a prefrontal with a long axis oriented more rostrally than in D. horneri and more derived tyrannosaurines. The description of this taxon provides insight into evolutionary mode in Tyrannosaurinae, lending strength to previous hypotheses of anagenesis within Daspletosaurus and increasing the resolution with which the evolution of this lineage can be reconstructed. Cladistic phylogenetic methods, stratigraphy, and qualitative analysis of the morphology of relevant taxa supports an anagenetic model for the origin of morphological novelty in this genus, highlighting the predominance of anagenetic evolution among contemporary dinosaur lineages.

@article{doi107717peerj14461,
    author = "Warshaw, Elías A. and Fowler, Denver W.",
    title = "A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana",
    year = "2022",
    journal = "PeerJ",
    abstract = "Here we describe a new derived tyrannosaurine, Daspletosaurus wilsoni sp. nov., from Judithian strata (\textasciitilde 76.5 Ma) intermediate in age between either of the previously described species of this genus. D. wilsoni displays a unique combination of ancestral and derived characteristics, including a cornual process of the lacrimal reduced in height relative to D. torosus and more basal tyrannosaurines, and a prefrontal with a long axis oriented more rostrally than in D. horneri and more derived tyrannosaurines. The description of this taxon provides insight into evolutionary mode in Tyrannosaurinae, lending strength to previous hypotheses of anagenesis within Daspletosaurus and increasing the resolution with which the evolution of this lineage can be reconstructed. Cladistic phylogenetic methods, stratigraphy, and qualitative analysis of the morphology of relevant taxa supports an anagenetic model for the origin of morphological novelty in this genus, highlighting the predominance of anagenetic evolution among contemporary dinosaur lineages.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14461",
    doi = "10.7717/peerj.14461",
    openalex = "W4310083519",
    references = "doi101139cjes20200185, doi107717peerj5749"
}

The Upper Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada, is among the best-studied paleoecosystems in North America. However, its microvertebrate paleocommunity structure is relatively poorly known, partly because it lacks the abundant microsites of other Upper Cretaceous deposits of Alberta. An unusual microsite (FTS-2) from the Horsethief Member of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation is described that produces abundant anuran and troodontid material, alongside perinatal material from ornithischians and tyrannosaurs. Anuran specimens representing a minimum of two separate taxa and a metatherian molar suggest that these components of the fauna were more diverse than currently recognized. The assemblage is similar to three other North American sites that produce abundant troodontid teeth alongside perinatal dinosaurs. However, environmental and taphonomic conditions of these sites vary, supporting the notion of mixed biotic and abiotic factors driving the association of troodontids alongside perinates. In part, this may stem from similar nesting preferences between troodontids and other dinosaurs, as material collected from all three sites suggests proximity to troodontid nesting sites. Sites such as FTS-2 are important for revealing the rare and small components of paleoecosystems, and hold promise for revealing interactions between these parts of the fauna.

@article{doi1010800272463420242316668,
    author = "Whitebone, S. Amber and Funston, Gregory F. and Currie, Philip J.",
    title = "An unusual microsite from the Upper Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada",
    year = "2023",
    journal = "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology",
    abstract = "The Upper Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada, is among the best-studied paleoecosystems in North America. However, its microvertebrate paleocommunity structure is relatively poorly known, partly because it lacks the abundant microsites of other Upper Cretaceous deposits of Alberta. An unusual microsite (FTS-2) from the Horsethief Member of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation is described that produces abundant anuran and troodontid material, alongside perinatal material from ornithischians and tyrannosaurs. Anuran specimens representing a minimum of two separate taxa and a metatherian molar suggest that these components of the fauna were more diverse than currently recognized. The assemblage is similar to three other North American sites that produce abundant troodontid teeth alongside perinatal dinosaurs. However, environmental and taphonomic conditions of these sites vary, supporting the notion of mixed biotic and abiotic factors driving the association of troodontids alongside perinates. In part, this may stem from similar nesting preferences between troodontids and other dinosaurs, as material collected from all three sites suggests proximity to troodontid nesting sites. Sites such as FTS-2 are important for revealing the rare and small components of paleoecosystems, and hold promise for revealing interactions between these parts of the fauna.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2024.2316668",
    doi = "10.1080/02724634.2024.2316668",
    openalex = "W4393150755",
    references = "doi101002ar24199, doi101017pab201637, doi101073pnas1011924108, doi10108002724634199510011271, doi101098rspl18870117, doi101126science28253972241, doi101139cjes20170034, doi101139cjes20200145, doi101139cjes20200169, doi1023071005355, doi1023071374076, doi105281zenodo1040383, doi105281zenodo16171435, doi105281zenodo16435343, doi105962bhltitle106965, openalexw3215057009"
}

A right theropod pedal ungual phalanx II-3 from the Campanian Williams Fork Formation of northwestern Colorado is described, and a combination of features, including the large size, tapering distal tip, robust and stout overall form, triangular cross-section, and a relatively flat ventral surface allows a confident referral to Tyrannosauridae Osborn, 1906. Although this specimen was found in a relatively southern state, the proximal articular surface of this ungual is similar to that of Gorgosaurus libratus Lambe, 1914, a taxon found in the northern state, Alberta. Although based on limited evidence, this may suggest that the range of tyrannosaurids considered endemic to the north of Laramidia extended farther south than previously thought.

@article{doi1024425agp2022140433,
    author = "Yun, Chan‐gyu",
    title = "A tyrannosaurid pedal ungual from the Williams Fork Formation (Campanian) of Colorado and its implications for the biogeography of Laramidian dinosaurs",
    year = "2023",
    journal = "Acta Geologica Polonica",
    abstract = "A right theropod pedal ungual phalanx II-3 from the Campanian Williams Fork Formation of northwestern Colorado is described, and a combination of features, including the large size, tapering distal tip, robust and stout overall form, triangular cross-section, and a relatively flat ventral surface allows a confident referral to Tyrannosauridae Osborn, 1906. Although this specimen was found in a relatively southern state, the proximal articular surface of this ungual is similar to that of Gorgosaurus libratus Lambe, 1914, a taxon found in the northern state, Alberta. Although based on limited evidence, this may suggest that the range of tyrannosaurids considered endemic to the north of Laramidia extended farther south than previously thought.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.24425/agp.2022.140433",
    doi = "10.24425/agp.2022.140433",
    openalex = "W4384931310",
    references = "doi101002ar24199, doi101016jcretres2021105034, doi101016jjsames2020102610, doi101017s1755691013000261, doi101038nmeth2089, doi101038srep44942, doi101111j10963642200400130x, doi1012067701, doi101371journalpone0007999, doi101371journalpone0028964, doi101371journalpone0079420, doi1023073889334, doi105281zenodo3725717, doi105281zenodo814935, doi107287peerjpreprints2554v2"
}

@incollection{crossref2024edmonton,
    title = "EDMONTON, ALBERTA",
    year = "2024",
    booktitle = "All Sky, Mirror Ocean",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1515/9781772127195-008",
    doi = "10.1515/9781772127195-008",
    openalex = "W4395063194",
    pages = "27-30"
}

A new iguanodontian dinosaur, Comptonatus chasei gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Lower Cretaceous Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight. These strata provide an important record of a critical time in the development of iguanodontian diversity. The specimen, which is described here for the first time, was found and excavated in 2013 and represents the most complete iguanodontian skeleton discovered in the Wealden Group for a century. A new taxon is diagnosed by several autapomorphies found in the neurocranium, teeth, coracoid and other parts of the body, together with a unique suite of characters. These include a dentary with a straight ventral border, and a markedly expanded prepubic blade. These features set it apart from the sympatric Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis, Brighstoneus simmondsi and Iguanodon cf. bernissartensis, increasing the known diversity of this clade in the Barremian–early Aptian of England. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2F3125A5-BDEF-4835-8829-92104752A86F

@article{doi1010801477201920242346573,
    author = "Lockwood, Jeremy A. F. and Martill, David M. and Maidment, Susannah C. R.",
    title = "Comptonatus chasei, a new iguanodontian dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Journal of Systematic Palaeontology",
    abstract = "A new iguanodontian dinosaur, Comptonatus chasei gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Lower Cretaceous Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight. These strata provide an important record of a critical time in the development of iguanodontian diversity. The specimen, which is described here for the first time, was found and excavated in 2013 and represents the most complete iguanodontian skeleton discovered in the Wealden Group for a century. A new taxon is diagnosed by several autapomorphies found in the neurocranium, teeth, coracoid and other parts of the body, together with a unique suite of characters. These include a dentary with a straight ventral border, and a markedly expanded prepubic blade. These features set it apart from the sympatric Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis, Brighstoneus simmondsi and Iguanodon cf. bernissartensis, increasing the known diversity of this clade in the Barremian–early Aptian of England. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2F3125A5-BDEF-4835-8829-92104752A86F",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2346573",
    doi = "10.1080/14772019.2024.2346573",
    openalex = "W4400439377",
    references = "doi101111joa13363, doi101371journalpone0045712, doi101371journalpone0175253, doi102307jctt1zxz1md6, doi104202app20110051, gates2018a, tsogtbaatar2019a"
}

Abstract The Campanian Two Medicine Formation of northwestern Montana, USA, is richly fossiliferous, and discoveries made within the unit over the past century have greatly advanced our appreciation of dinosaur paleobiology and evolution. Previously undifferentiated from a lithostratigraphic perspective, the formation is now subdivided into four new members that include (from base to top) (1) the Rock City Member, (2) the Shields Crossing Member, (3) the Hagans Crossing Member, and (4) the Flag Butte Member. These new formal units and their associated fossil occurrences are also now included in an age model founded on eight high-resolution chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) U-Pb ages. New age data confirm that the Two Medicine Formation accumulated during much of the Campanian, with deposition spanning ca. 82.4 Ma to 74.4 Ma. New age data further indicate that a major reorganization of depositional systems, marked by a shift from predominantly lacustrine to alluvial facies and accompanied by a dramatic increase in accommodation, transpired near the base of the new Flag Butte Member at ca. 76.3 Ma. This change in depositional regime correlates in age with the Judith River–Belly River discontinuity, which marks the contact between the McClelland Ferry and Coal Ridge Members in the Judith River Formation and coincides with the onset of the Bearpaw transgression in north-central Montana. The new lithostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic framework for the Two Medicine Formation serves to contextualize and calibrate the formation’s rich dinosaur fossil record, which can now be interrogated with increased clarity and precision. These results also provide ground truth for numerical models that explore the structure of the fossil record in relation to alluvial architecture and terrestrial sequence stratigraphy.

@article{doi101130b374981,
    author = "Rogers, Raymond R. and Horner, John R. and Ramezani, Jahandar and Roberts, Eric M. and Varricchio, David J.",
    title = "Updating the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Two Medicine Formation of Montana: Lithostratigraphic revisions, new CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb ages, and a calibrated framework for dinosaur occurrences",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Geological Society of America Bulletin",
    abstract = "Abstract The Campanian Two Medicine Formation of northwestern Montana, USA, is richly fossiliferous, and discoveries made within the unit over the past century have greatly advanced our appreciation of dinosaur paleobiology and evolution. Previously undifferentiated from a lithostratigraphic perspective, the formation is now subdivided into four new members that include (from base to top) (1) the Rock City Member, (2) the Shields Crossing Member, (3) the Hagans Crossing Member, and (4) the Flag Butte Member. These new formal units and their associated fossil occurrences are also now included in an age model founded on eight high-resolution chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) U-Pb ages. New age data confirm that the Two Medicine Formation accumulated during much of the Campanian, with deposition spanning ca. 82.4 Ma to 74.4 Ma. New age data further indicate that a major reorganization of depositional systems, marked by a shift from predominantly lacustrine to alluvial facies and accompanied by a dramatic increase in accommodation, transpired near the base of the new Flag Butte Member at ca. 76.3 Ma. This change in depositional regime correlates in age with the Judith River–Belly River discontinuity, which marks the contact between the McClelland Ferry and Coal Ridge Members in the Judith River Formation and coincides with the onset of the Bearpaw transgression in north-central Montana. The new lithostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic framework for the Two Medicine Formation serves to contextualize and calibrate the formation’s rich dinosaur fossil record, which can now be interrogated with increased clarity and precision. These results also provide ground truth for numerical models that explore the structure of the fossil record in relation to alluvial architecture and terrestrial sequence stratigraphy.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/b37498.1",
    doi = "10.1130/b37498.1",
    openalex = "W4400724459",
    references = "doi101139cjes20200169, doi101139cjes20230037"
}

Late Campanian terrestrial communities of western Canada are best known from the fluvial–paralic deposits of the Dinosaur Park Formation (DPF) in Dinosaur Provincial Park (DPP), Alberta. However, a growing list of localities from isolated DPF outcrops, outside of the DPP area, offers a glimpse into palaeocommunities that evolved isochronously with DPP biotas in greater proximity to the Western Interior Seaway. Over the past decade, one such locality was explored along Lake Diefenbaker in Saskatchewan Landing Provincial Park. The initial palaeoecological analysis of this marginal marine community was based on palynomorph and vertebrate microfossil diversity and has laid a foundation for the current study of its monodominant ceratopsian bonebed. The latter has resulted in new occurrences of Centrosaurus apertus and of the elmisaurine Citipes elegans for Saskatchewan based on incomplete yet diagnostic specimens. Centrosaurus apertus is unequivocally identified by a parietal bar bearing two prominent P1 and P2 hooks, which expands the geographical and habitat range of this species to the most coastal environment known from the DPF. Furthermore, the presence of Centrosaurus apertus suggests that the DPF in this region of Saskatchewan is closer in age to the lower DPF than to the uppermost DPF in DPP, which is at odds with a previous palynostratigraphic interpretation. The faunal composition of this bonebed also supports the presence of a widely distributed metacommunity across these deposits. This contribution demonstrates how evidence from multiple localities in the DPF along a spatial gradient, beyond the temporal gradient available within DPP alone, expands the picture of this metacommunity as a potential model system for biotic turnover in response to sea level rise at a geological temporal scale.

@article{doi101139cjes20230125,
    author = "Demers‐Potvin, Alexandre V. and Larsson, Hans C. E.",
    title = "Occurrence of Centrosaurus apertus (Ceratopsidae: Centrosaurinae) in Saskatchewan, Canada, and expanded dinosaur diversity in the easternmost exposure of the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Dinosaur Park Formation",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences",
    abstract = "Late Campanian terrestrial communities of western Canada are best known from the fluvial–paralic deposits of the Dinosaur Park Formation (DPF) in Dinosaur Provincial Park (DPP), Alberta. However, a growing list of localities from isolated DPF outcrops, outside of the DPP area, offers a glimpse into palaeocommunities that evolved isochronously with DPP biotas in greater proximity to the Western Interior Seaway. Over the past decade, one such locality was explored along Lake Diefenbaker in Saskatchewan Landing Provincial Park. The initial palaeoecological analysis of this marginal marine community was based on palynomorph and vertebrate microfossil diversity and has laid a foundation for the current study of its monodominant ceratopsian bonebed. The latter has resulted in new occurrences of Centrosaurus apertus and of the elmisaurine Citipes elegans for Saskatchewan based on incomplete yet diagnostic specimens. Centrosaurus apertus is unequivocally identified by a parietal bar bearing two prominent P1 and P2 hooks, which expands the geographical and habitat range of this species to the most coastal environment known from the DPF. Furthermore, the presence of Centrosaurus apertus suggests that the DPF in this region of Saskatchewan is closer in age to the lower DPF than to the uppermost DPF in DPP, which is at odds with a previous palynostratigraphic interpretation. The faunal composition of this bonebed also supports the presence of a widely distributed metacommunity across these deposits. This contribution demonstrates how evidence from multiple localities in the DPF along a spatial gradient, beyond the temporal gradient available within DPP alone, expands the picture of this metacommunity as a potential model system for biotic turnover in response to sea level rise at a geological temporal scale.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2023-0125",
    doi = "10.1139/cjes-2023-0125",
    openalex = "W4403830095",
    references = "doi1010800272463420232211637, doi101371journalpone0292318, doi105962bhltitle52089"
}

Understanding the extent to which tyrannosaurid cranial morphology changed through ontogeny is essential to correctly refer tyrannosaurid specimens at varying life stages to taxa. However, taxonomically diagnostic immature tyrannosaurid bones remain exceedingly elusive. Over the last century, the University of Alberta has collected three isolated immature cranial bones referable to Daspletosaurus from Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta of Treaty 7 Territory. These bones were all collected from the rocks of the Dinosaur Park Formation and include a premaxilla (UALVP 48717), jugal (UALVP 61561), and lacrimal (UALVP 47955). To assess the taxonomic utility of these bones, they were compared to tyrannosaurid material from the Dinosaur Park and Oldman Formations of Alberta. This provided an opportunity to examine size-independent discrete characters in tyrannosaurid crania. The results of this study suggest that many premaxillary, jugal, and lacrimal discrete characteristics observed in Daspletosaurus are constrained throughout ontogeny. A single ontogenetically invariant character, the dorsal flange of the palatal process, was identified for Daspletosaurus premaxillae. Ontogenetically invariant characters of the jugal include, but are not limited to, a medial lacrimal slot and the lateral fossa on the postorbital process. Invariant lacrimal characters include an anteroposteriorly short pneumatic recess opening and a subdivided nasal articulation fossa on the medial surface of the bone. The identification of these characters allows specimens of the tyrannosaurine Daspletosaurus and the contemporaneous albertosaurine Gorgosaurus to be confidently identified regardless of ontogenetic stage. These characters were applied to a controversial tyrannosaurid specimen from the Dinosaur Park Formation, TMP 1994.143.0001, resulting in referral to Gorgosaurus libratus, rather than Daspletosaurus sp.

@article{doi101139cjes20240083,
    author = "Coppock, Colton C. and Powers, Mark J. and Voris, Jared T. and Sharpe, Henry S. and Currie, Philip J.",
    title = "Immature Daspletosaurus sp. specimens from the Dinosaur Park Formation provide insight into ontogenetically invariant tyrannosaurid cranial morphology",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences",
    abstract = "Understanding the extent to which tyrannosaurid cranial morphology changed through ontogeny is essential to correctly refer tyrannosaurid specimens at varying life stages to taxa. However, taxonomically diagnostic immature tyrannosaurid bones remain exceedingly elusive. Over the last century, the University of Alberta has collected three isolated immature cranial bones referable to Daspletosaurus from Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta of Treaty 7 Territory. These bones were all collected from the rocks of the Dinosaur Park Formation and include a premaxilla (UALVP 48717), jugal (UALVP 61561), and lacrimal (UALVP 47955). To assess the taxonomic utility of these bones, they were compared to tyrannosaurid material from the Dinosaur Park and Oldman Formations of Alberta. This provided an opportunity to examine size-independent discrete characters in tyrannosaurid crania. The results of this study suggest that many premaxillary, jugal, and lacrimal discrete characteristics observed in Daspletosaurus are constrained throughout ontogeny. A single ontogenetically invariant character, the dorsal flange of the palatal process, was identified for Daspletosaurus premaxillae. Ontogenetically invariant characters of the jugal include, but are not limited to, a medial lacrimal slot and the lateral fossa on the postorbital process. Invariant lacrimal characters include an anteroposteriorly short pneumatic recess opening and a subdivided nasal articulation fossa on the medial surface of the bone. The identification of these characters allows specimens of the tyrannosaurine Daspletosaurus and the contemporaneous albertosaurine Gorgosaurus to be confidently identified regardless of ontogenetic stage. These characters were applied to a controversial tyrannosaurid specimen from the Dinosaur Park Formation, TMP 1994.143.0001, resulting in referral to Gorgosaurus libratus, rather than Daspletosaurus sp.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2024-0083",
    doi = "10.1139/cjes-2024-0083",
    openalex = "W4402432768",
    references = "doi101139cjes20200185"
}

We report diverse dinosaur tracks from siltstone to fine-grained sandstone facies of the Chacarilla Formation, Quebrada de Arcas of northeast Chile. Track-bearing surfaces were studied using 3D modelling and false-colour depth maps, derived from UAV photographs. Five morphotypes are identified based on morphology and morphometric criteria. Morphotype I comprises rounded tracks with a consistent narrow-gauge and resembles the sauropod ichnogenus, Parabrontopodus; diplodocids or titanosaurids are probable trackmakers. Morphotype II is assigned to the theropod ichnotaxon Abelichnus astigerrae and comprises some of the largest theropod tracks ever recorded from South America with a maximum footprint length of 51 cm; the trackmaker was most likely a large carcharodontosaurid, such as Giganotosaurus carolinii. Morphotype III is an indeterminate theropod track, which shows a distinctive and prominent metatarsal impression, but does not closely match any ichnotaxon although it bears some morphometrical affinity to Changpeipus carbonicus. The Morphotypes IV and V both belong to small-sized theropod trackmakers, and resemble Grallatoridae and Kayentapus -like forms, respectively. Additional theropod material cannot be assigned to specific morphotypes or trackmakers, due to poor preservation. Our findings show the existence of three distinct size classes (small, medium and large) of theropod morphotypes and point to a high ichnodiversity at the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition in the subtropical arid environments of Gondwana. • New track-bearing surfaces are found in the Chacarilla Fm. in Quebrada des Arca. • Five morphotypes: one of sauropod and four for different size theropod tracks are defined. • Huge theropod tracks have been found and identified.

@article{doi101016jpalaeo2025113088,
    author = "Gesualdi, Vincenzo and Belvedere, Matteo and Yurac, Marko and Hippler, Dorothee and Hurem, Nejla and Salazar, Christian and Mendez, Javiera and Meyer, Christian A.",
    title = "Diverse dinosaur tracks from the Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous Chacarilla Formation of Quebrada de Arcas, northeast Chile: Evidence of high ichnodiversity in an arid palaeoenviroment",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology",
    abstract = "We report diverse dinosaur tracks from siltstone to fine-grained sandstone facies of the Chacarilla Formation, Quebrada de Arcas of northeast Chile. Track-bearing surfaces were studied using 3D modelling and false-colour depth maps, derived from UAV photographs. Five morphotypes are identified based on morphology and morphometric criteria. Morphotype I comprises rounded tracks with a consistent narrow-gauge and resembles the sauropod ichnogenus, Parabrontopodus; diplodocids or titanosaurids are probable trackmakers. Morphotype II is assigned to the theropod ichnotaxon Abelichnus astigerrae and comprises some of the largest theropod tracks ever recorded from South America with a maximum footprint length of 51 cm; the trackmaker was most likely a large carcharodontosaurid, such as Giganotosaurus carolinii. Morphotype III is an indeterminate theropod track, which shows a distinctive and prominent metatarsal impression, but does not closely match any ichnotaxon although it bears some morphometrical affinity to Changpeipus carbonicus. The Morphotypes IV and V both belong to small-sized theropod trackmakers, and resemble Grallatoridae and Kayentapus -like forms, respectively. Additional theropod material cannot be assigned to specific morphotypes or trackmakers, due to poor preservation. Our findings show the existence of three distinct size classes (small, medium and large) of theropod morphotypes and point to a high ichnodiversity at the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition in the subtropical arid environments of Gondwana. • New track-bearing surfaces are found in the Chacarilla Fm. in Quebrada des Arca. • Five morphotypes: one of sauropod and four for different size theropod tracks are defined. • Huge theropod tracks have been found and identified.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.113088",
    doi = "10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.113088",
    openalex = "W4411139658",
    references = "doi101098rsos210127"
}

enhances the diversity of ornithischian dinosaurs from the Morrison Formation and provides new information on their anatomy. In addition, it demonstrates that there is additional cryptic diversity of small-bodied Morrison Formation ornithischians, suggesting they were a more diverse component of these Late Jurassic ecosystems than was previously realized.

@article{doi101098rsos242195,
    author = "Maidment, Susannah C. R. and Barrett, Paul M.",
    title = "Enigmacursor mollyborthwickae, a neornithischian dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the western USA",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "Royal Society Open Science",
    abstract = "enhances the diversity of ornithischian dinosaurs from the Morrison Formation and provides new information on their anatomy. In addition, it demonstrates that there is additional cryptic diversity of small-bodied Morrison Formation ornithischians, suggesting they were a more diverse component of these Late Jurassic ecosystems than was previously realized.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.242195",
    doi = "10.1098/rsos.242195",
    openalex = "W4411662179",
    references = "doi1033740140660102"
}

Troodontidae is a family of small-bodied theropods known predominantly from Asia but are comparatively scarce in North America. In the Dinosaur Park Formation (DPF) of Alberta, Canada, they are known predominantly from isolated material, precluding taxonomic and ontogenetic precision for this clade. Previously never sampled histologically within the DPF, here we attempt to fill in gaps in our knowledge about the life histories of the clade in this formation by histologically surveying metatarsals, which are among the most abundant and identifiable troodontid elements in the DPF. We sampled 11 metatarsals (three metatarsal IIs, three metatarsal IIIs and five metatarsal IVs) of varying sizes and included three pathological individuals to describe the microanatomy of both healthy and pathological metatarsals, determine the ontogenetic status of each element and graph their pattern of growth. Osteohistology reveals that troodontid metatarsals grew and remodelled asymmetrically within the cortex, ceasing growth and remodelling primarily along articular surfaces and entheses. Pathological individuals ranged from displaying features of response to localised stress (chronic callus formation and avulsion/chip fracture) to extreme modification in response to trauma and inflammation at the distal joint. Only the latter appeared to be related to overall growth, suggesting the condition either developed early and stunted growth or another underlying cause was responsible for both the stunted growth and the resulting pathological features observed. Overall, tracking the growth of the specimens reveals that there are at least two growth trajectories within the DPF differentiated by the timing of major growth spurts and growth plateaus. Whether this represents sexual dimorphism, taxonomic diversity, or another form of variation warrants further investigation.

@article{doi101111joa14262,
    author = "Garros, Christiana and Powers, Mark J. and Dyer, Aaron D. and Currie, Philip J.",
    title = "Osteohistological analysis of metatarsals reveals new information on pathology and life history of troodontids from the Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, Canada",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "Journal of Anatomy",
    abstract = "Troodontidae is a family of small-bodied theropods known predominantly from Asia but are comparatively scarce in North America. In the Dinosaur Park Formation (DPF) of Alberta, Canada, they are known predominantly from isolated material, precluding taxonomic and ontogenetic precision for this clade. Previously never sampled histologically within the DPF, here we attempt to fill in gaps in our knowledge about the life histories of the clade in this formation by histologically surveying metatarsals, which are among the most abundant and identifiable troodontid elements in the DPF. We sampled 11 metatarsals (three metatarsal IIs, three metatarsal IIIs and five metatarsal IVs) of varying sizes and included three pathological individuals to describe the microanatomy of both healthy and pathological metatarsals, determine the ontogenetic status of each element and graph their pattern of growth. Osteohistology reveals that troodontid metatarsals grew and remodelled asymmetrically within the cortex, ceasing growth and remodelling primarily along articular surfaces and entheses. Pathological individuals ranged from displaying features of response to localised stress (chronic callus formation and avulsion/chip fracture) to extreme modification in response to trauma and inflammation at the distal joint. Only the latter appeared to be related to overall growth, suggesting the condition either developed early and stunted growth or another underlying cause was responsible for both the stunted growth and the resulting pathological features observed. Overall, tracking the growth of the specimens reveals that there are at least two growth trajectories within the DPF differentiated by the timing of major growth spurts and growth plateaus. Whether this represents sexual dimorphism, taxonomic diversity, or another form of variation warrants further investigation.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14262",
    doi = "10.1111/joa.14262",
    openalex = "W4409599580",
    references = "doi101038s41598021837455, doi101111joa14053, doi101139cjes20170034, doi101139cjes20200145, doi107717peerj10855"
}

In 1966 and 1967 three-toed footprints made by bipedal dinosaurs were discovered in the Lower Jurassic East Berlin Formation at Rocky Hill, Connecticut [now Dinosaur State Park (DSP)]. The tracks occur in a larger East Tracksite and an adjacent smaller West Tracksite. We present a thorough description of the dinosaur tracks of the West Tracksite, and as complete a description of the East Tracksite as is presently possible. Footprints mainly occur in two beds; tracks in the lowermost of these beds are mostly or entirely transmitted undertracks. Most DSP trackways were made by dinosaurs walking normally. Quality of morphological preservation is variable. Prints show features consistent with those of tracks attributed to theropod dinosaurs, being longer than broad, with acuminate toetips, sometimes with a slight sigmoid curvature to the digit III impression. Two discrete digital pads are sometimes seen in the digit II impression. Most of the footprints fall in the length range of 30–40 cm, but some prints in the East Tracksite were made by considerably smaller dinosaurs. The more common larger prints are consistent with the ichnotaxa Eubrontes and possibly Kayentapus, and the smaller prints with Anchisauripus (or Grallator). Trackways are mostly linear, with relative stride lengths comparable to those of other trackways attributed to theropods; footprints generally angle outward with respect to the trackmaker's direction of travel. Some trackways, however, show more erratic movements, and one trackway preserves touchdowns of the manus. Although some trackways parallel others, for the site as a whole there is no clearly defined direction of trackmaker travel. Some unusual trackways show features that in other ichnofaunas are interpreted as showing swimming or punting behavior on the part of their makers, but making the same inference for the odd DSP trackways is complicated by the possibility that the putative “swimmer” footprints are undertracks.

@article{doi1033740140660108,
    author = "Farlow, James O. and Galton, Peter M. and Hyatt, James A. and Drzewiecki, Peter and Penrod, Amanda and Whitcraft, James",
    title = "Dinosaur Footprints from the Lower Jurassic East Berlin Formation, Dinosaur State Park, Rocky Hill, Connecticut",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History",
    abstract = "In 1966 and 1967 three-toed footprints made by bipedal dinosaurs were discovered in the Lower Jurassic East Berlin Formation at Rocky Hill, Connecticut [now Dinosaur State Park (DSP)]. The tracks occur in a larger East Tracksite and an adjacent smaller West Tracksite. We present a thorough description of the dinosaur tracks of the West Tracksite, and as complete a description of the East Tracksite as is presently possible. Footprints mainly occur in two beds; tracks in the lowermost of these beds are mostly or entirely transmitted undertracks. Most DSP trackways were made by dinosaurs walking normally. Quality of morphological preservation is variable. Prints show features consistent with those of tracks attributed to theropod dinosaurs, being longer than broad, with acuminate toetips, sometimes with a slight sigmoid curvature to the digit III impression. Two discrete digital pads are sometimes seen in the digit II impression. Most of the footprints fall in the length range of 30–40 cm, but some prints in the East Tracksite were made by considerably smaller dinosaurs. The more common larger prints are consistent with the ichnotaxa Eubrontes and possibly Kayentapus, and the smaller prints with Anchisauripus (or Grallator). Trackways are mostly linear, with relative stride lengths comparable to those of other trackways attributed to theropods; footprints generally angle outward with respect to the trackmaker's direction of travel. Some trackways, however, show more erratic movements, and one trackway preserves touchdowns of the manus. Although some trackways parallel others, for the site as a whole there is no clearly defined direction of trackmaker travel. Some unusual trackways show features that in other ichnofaunas are interpreted as showing swimming or punting behavior on the part of their makers, but making the same inference for the odd DSP trackways is complicated by the possibility that the putative “swimmer” footprints are undertracks.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.3374/014.066.0108",
    doi = "10.3374/014.066.0108",
    openalex = "W4409825402",
    references = "doi1010079789400904095, doi10103820167, doi10108002724634199810011086, doi1010800891296320181563784, doi101126science2344778842, doi101525california97805202420980010001, doi105860choice435902, doi107312lock90868, farlow2022pedal, farlow2023dragons, openalexw114509570, openalexw2894525608, openalexw2912219260"
}