Embryology

@book{openalexw1511255518,
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    title = "Embryology and evolution",
    year = "1930",
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@misc{debeer1948embryology1,
    author = "de Beer, G. R",
    title = "Embryology and the Evolution of Man",
    year = "1948",
    howpublished = "Cape Town, Royal Society of South Africa",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {de Beer, G. R., 1948, Embryology and the Evolution of Man: Cape Town, Royal Society of South Africa.}"
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    author = "Adelmann, Howard B.",
    title = "Marcello Malpighi and the Evolution of Embryology",
    year = "1966",
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    author = "Noorden, S. Van and Polak, J. and Negri, L. and Pearse, A.",
    title = "Common peptides in brain, intestine and skin: embryology, evolution and significance [proceedings].",
    year = "1977",
    journal = "The Journal of endocrinology",
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Historically, philosophers of biology have tended to sidestep the problem of development by focusing primarily on evolutionary biology and, more recently, on molecular biology and genetics. Quite often too, development has been misunderstood as simply, or even primarily, a matter of gene activation and regulation. Nowadays a growing number of philosophers of science are focusing their analyses on the complexities of development, and in Embryology, Epigenesis and Evolution Jason Scott Robert explores the nature of development against current trends in biological theory and practice and looks at the interrelations between development and evolution (evo-devo), an area of resurgent biological interest. Clearly written, this book should be of interest to students and professionals in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of biology.

@book{doi101017cbo9780511498541,
    author = "Robert, Jason Scott",
    title = "Embryology, Epigenesis and Evolution",
    year = "2004",
    booktitle = "Cambridge University Press eBooks",
    abstract = "Historically, philosophers of biology have tended to sidestep the problem of development by focusing primarily on evolutionary biology and, more recently, on molecular biology and genetics. Quite often too, development has been misunderstood as simply, or even primarily, a matter of gene activation and regulation. Nowadays a growing number of philosophers of science are focusing their analyses on the complexities of development, and in Embryology, Epigenesis and Evolution Jason Scott Robert explores the nature of development against current trends in biological theory and practice and looks at the interrelations between development and evolution (evo-devo), an area of resurgent biological interest. Clearly written, this book should be of interest to students and professionals in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of biology.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511498541",
    doi = "10.1017/cbo9780511498541",
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Historically, philosophers of biology have tended to sidestep the problem of development by focusing primarily on evolutionary biology and, more recently, on molecular biology and genetics. Quite often too, development has been misunderstood as simply, or even primarily, a matter of gene activation and regulation. Nowadays a growing number of philosophers of science are focusing their analyses on the complexities of development, and in Embryology, Epigenesis and Evolution Jason Scott Robert explores the nature of development against current trends in biological theory and practice and looks at the interrelations between development and evolution (evo-devo), an area of resurgent biological interest. Clearly written, this book should be of interest to students and professionals in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of biology.

@article{doi105860choice422215,
    title = "Embryology, epigenesis, and evolution: taking development seriously",
    year = "2004",
    journal = "Choice Reviews Online",
    abstract = "Historically, philosophers of biology have tended to sidestep the problem of development by focusing primarily on evolutionary biology and, more recently, on molecular biology and genetics. Quite often too, development has been misunderstood as simply, or even primarily, a matter of gene activation and regulation. Nowadays a growing number of philosophers of science are focusing their analyses on the complexities of development, and in Embryology, Epigenesis and Evolution Jason Scott Robert explores the nature of development against current trends in biological theory and practice and looks at the interrelations between development and evolution (evo-devo), an area of resurgent biological interest. Clearly written, this book should be of interest to students and professionals in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of biology.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.42-2215",
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@article{doi101038nature05633,
    author = "Ota, Kinya G. and Kuraku, Shigehiro and Kuratani, Shigeru",
    title = "Hagfish embryology with reference to the evolution of the neural crest",
    year = "2007",
    journal = "Nature",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05633",
    doi = "10.1038/nature05633",
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Although we now know that ontogeny (individual development) does not actually recapitulate phylogeny (evolutionary transformation), contrary to Ernst Haeckel's famous dictum, the relationship between embryological development and evolution remains the subject of intense scientific interest. In the 1990s a new field, evolutionary developmental biology (or evo-devo), was hailed as the synthesis of developmental and evolutionary biology. In From Embryology to Evo-Devo, historians, philosophers, sociologists, and biologists offer diverse perspectives on the history of efforts to understand the links between development and evolution.After examining events in the history of early twentieth century embryology and developmental genetics--including the fate of Haeckel's law and its various reformulations, the ideas of William Bateson, and Richard Goldschmidt's idiosyncratic synthesis of ontogeny and phylogeny--the contributors explore additional topics ranging from the history of comparative embryology in America to a philosophical-historical analysis of different research styles. Finally, three major figures in theoretical biology--Brian Hall, Gerd Muller, and Gunter Wagner--reflect on the past and future of evo-devo, particularly on the interdisciplinary nature of the field. The sum is an exciting interdisciplinary exploration of developmental evolution.

@article{doi105860choice451445,
    title = "From embryology to evo-devo: a history of developmental evolution",
    year = "2007",
    journal = "Choice Reviews Online",
    abstract = "Although we now know that ontogeny (individual development) does not actually recapitulate phylogeny (evolutionary transformation), contrary to Ernst Haeckel's famous dictum, the relationship between embryological development and evolution remains the subject of intense scientific interest. In the 1990s a new field, evolutionary developmental biology (or evo-devo), was hailed as the synthesis of developmental and evolutionary biology. In From Embryology to Evo-Devo, historians, philosophers, sociologists, and biologists offer diverse perspectives on the history of efforts to understand the links between development and evolution.After examining events in the history of early twentieth century embryology and developmental genetics--including the fate of Haeckel's law and its various reformulations, the ideas of William Bateson, and Richard Goldschmidt's idiosyncratic synthesis of ontogeny and phylogeny--the contributors explore additional topics ranging from the history of comparative embryology in America to a philosophical-historical analysis of different research styles. Finally, three major figures in theoretical biology--Brian Hall, Gerd Muller, and Gunter Wagner--reflect on the past and future of evo-devo, particularly on the interdisciplinary nature of the field. The sum is an exciting interdisciplinary exploration of developmental evolution.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.45-1445",
    doi = "10.5860/choice.45-1445",
    openalex = "W1595075747",
    references = "doi101038scientificamerican0779102, doi101126science1148816, doi101641b580515, doi105860choice465008, openalexw1560592383, openalexw2606703905"
}

Review of: From Embryology to Evo-Devo: A History of Developmental Evolution. Manfred D. Laubichler and Jane Maienschein, eds. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2007. 577 pp., illus. $55.00 (ISBN 9780262122832 cloth). From Embryology to Evo-Devo originated in a 2001 Dibner Institute workshop organized by the book's editors. Manfred D. Laubichler is an assistant professor of biology and an affiliated assistant professor of philosophy at Arizona State University; Jane Maienschein is Regents' Professor and Parents Association Professor at the same university, where she also directs the Center for Biology and Society. Both are long-time observers of, as well as participants in, the modern emergence of evolutionary developmental biology, or “evo-devo.” As they note in the introduction, we continue to confront “a rather old cluster of scientific problems of embryos, development and evolution,” and struggle with how to think about them and what to do about them in the lab. The quest to articulate how ontogeny and phylogeny fit together, and to achieve some kind of conceptual continuity that unifies their disparate timescales and explanatory modes, is a long-standing one. This volume, an anthology of essays, combines a history of these efforts with attempts to move the project forward.

@article{doi101641b580515,
    author = "Bolker, Jessica A.",
    title = "From Embryology to Evo-Devo: A History of Developmental Evolution",
    year = "2008",
    journal = "BioScience",
    abstract = "Review of: From Embryology to Evo-Devo: A History of Developmental Evolution. Manfred D. Laubichler and Jane Maienschein, eds. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2007. 577 pp., illus. $55.00 (ISBN 9780262122832 cloth). From Embryology to Evo-Devo originated in a 2001 Dibner Institute workshop organized by the book's editors. Manfred D. Laubichler is an assistant professor of biology and an affiliated assistant professor of philosophy at Arizona State University; Jane Maienschein is Regents' Professor and Parents Association Professor at the same university, where she also directs the Center for Biology and Society. Both are long-time observers of, as well as participants in, the modern emergence of evolutionary developmental biology, or “evo-devo.” As they note in the introduction, we continue to confront “a rather old cluster of scientific problems of embryos, development and evolution,” and struggle with how to think about them and what to do about them in the lab. The quest to articulate how ontogeny and phylogeny fit together, and to achieve some kind of conceptual continuity that unifies their disparate timescales and explanatory modes, is a long-standing one. This volume, an anthology of essays, combines a history of these efforts with attempts to move the project forward.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1641/b580515",
    doi = "10.1641/b580515",
    openalex = "W2117566596"
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Summary Darwin provided us with the theory of evolutionary change through natural selection. Just as important to the science of biology was Darwin’s recognition that all organisms could be classified and were related to one another because they arose from a single common universal ancestor – what we know as the universal tree of life (UtoL). All the features of the skeletal biology of fish therefore can be explained, both in an evolutionary framework (ultimate causation) and in the framework of development, growth and physiology (proximate causation). Neither approach is complete without the other. I will outline the elements of Darwin’s theories on evolution and classification and, as importantly, discuss what was missing from Darwin’s theories. An important class of evidence for evolution used by Darwin came from embryology, both comparative embryology and the existence of vestiges and atavisms. After discussing this evidence I examine some fundamental features of skeletal development and evolution These include: the presence of four skeletal systems in all vertebrates; the existence of two skeletons, one based on cartilage, the other on bone and dentine; the modular nature of skeletal development and evolution; and the plasticity of the skeleton in response to either genetic or environmental changes.

@article{doi101111j14390426201001394x,
    author = "Hall, B.",
    title = "Charles Darwin, embryology, evolution and skeletal plasticity",
    year = "2010",
    journal = "Journal of Applied Ichthyology",
    abstract = "Summary Darwin provided us with the theory of evolutionary change through natural selection. Just as important to the science of biology was Darwin’s recognition that all organisms could be classified and were related to one another because they arose from a single common universal ancestor – what we know as the universal tree of life (UtoL). All the features of the skeletal biology of fish therefore can be explained, both in an evolutionary framework (ultimate causation) and in the framework of development, growth and physiology (proximate causation). Neither approach is complete without the other. I will outline the elements of Darwin’s theories on evolution and classification and, as importantly, discuss what was missing from Darwin’s theories. An important class of evidence for evolution used by Darwin came from embryology, both comparative embryology and the existence of vestiges and atavisms. After discussing this evidence I examine some fundamental features of skeletal development and evolution These include: the presence of four skeletal systems in all vertebrates; the existence of two skeletons, one based on cartilage, the other on bone and dentine; the modular nature of skeletal development and evolution; and the plasticity of the skeleton in response to either genetic or environmental changes.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01394.x",
    doi = "10.1111/J.1439-0426.2010.01394.X",
    is_oa = "true",
    number = "2",
    pages = "148-151",
    semanticscholar_citation_count = "12",
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Two major skeletal systems-the endoskeleton and exoskeleton-are recognized in vertebrate evolution. Here, we propose that these two systems are distinguished primarily by their relative positions, not by differences in embryonic histogenesis or cell lineage of origin. Comparative embryologic analyses have shown that both types of skeleton have changed their mode of histogenesis during evolution. Although exoskeletons were thought to arise exclusively from the neural crest, recent experiments in teleosts have shown that exoskeletons in the trunk are mesodermal in origin. The enameloid and dentine-coated postcranial exoskeleton seen in many vertebrates does not appear to represent an ancestral condition, as previously hypothesized, but rather a derived condition, in which the enameloid and dentine tissues became accreted to bones. Recent data from placoderm fossils are compatible with this scenario. In contrast, the skull contains neural crest-derived bones in its rostral part. Recent developmental studies suggest that the boundary between neural crest- and mesoderm-derived bones may not be consistent throughout evolution. Rather, the relative positions of bony elements may be conserved, and homologies of bony elements have been retained, with opportunistic changes in the mechanisms and cell lineages of development.

@article{doi101186s4085101400077,
    author = "Hirasawa, Tatsuya and Kuratani, Shigeru",
    title = "Evolution of the vertebrate skeleton: morphology, embryology, and development",
    year = "2015",
    journal = "Zoological Letters",
    abstract = "Two major skeletal systems-the endoskeleton and exoskeleton-are recognized in vertebrate evolution. Here, we propose that these two systems are distinguished primarily by their relative positions, not by differences in embryonic histogenesis or cell lineage of origin. Comparative embryologic analyses have shown that both types of skeleton have changed their mode of histogenesis during evolution. Although exoskeletons were thought to arise exclusively from the neural crest, recent experiments in teleosts have shown that exoskeletons in the trunk are mesodermal in origin. The enameloid and dentine-coated postcranial exoskeleton seen in many vertebrates does not appear to represent an ancestral condition, as previously hypothesized, but rather a derived condition, in which the enameloid and dentine tissues became accreted to bones. Recent data from placoderm fossils are compatible with this scenario. In contrast, the skull contains neural crest-derived bones in its rostral part. Recent developmental studies suggest that the boundary between neural crest- and mesoderm-derived bones may not be consistent throughout evolution. Rather, the relative positions of bony elements may be conserved, and homologies of bony elements have been retained, with opportunistic changes in the mechanisms and cell lineages of development.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-014-0007-7",
    doi = "10.1186/s40851-014-0007-7",
    openalex = "W2102956717",
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@article{s229752062b684070dcb69e0dafc2365ef1586935a,
    author = "de Manfred Schartl and Koopman, P. and Zarkower, D. and Fechner, Patricia Y",
    title = "Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution, Endocrinology, Embryology and Pathology of Sex Determination and Differentiation",
    year = "2016",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/29752062b684070dcb69e0dafc2365ef1586935a",
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@article{doi101007s0060601714552,
    author = "Ishida, T. and Tokuoka, Toru",
    title = "Embryology and its character evolution in Staphyleaceae",
    year = "2017",
    journal = "Plant Systematics and Evolution",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/985983a1cb9eeec93aa7f51df3c08bd0faf6e3ac",
    doi = "10.1007/s00606-017-1455-2",
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    volume = "303"
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@article{doi101093botlinneanboy044,
    author = "Bonifácio, S. K. V. and Moura, Ludimila-Lemes and Marzinek, Juliana and De-Paula, O. C.",
    title = "Comparative embryology ofStifftiaandWunderlichiaand implications for its evolution in Asteraceae",
    year = "2018",
    journal = "Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d735298d7eb875abe2463a65443ef86c88847f5",
    doi = "10.1093/BOTLINNEAN/BOY044",
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    pages = "169-185",
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    volume = "189"
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@article{doi10100797830301820214,
    author = "Kuo, Dian-Han",
    title = "Comparative Embryology as a Way to Understand Evolution",
    year = "2019",
    journal = "Old Questions and Young Approaches to Animal Evolution",
    booktitle = "Fascinating Life Sciences",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ec9fe04c7f3b92101f24521606076be40a5e67ac",
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Phylogenetic relationships in Styracaceae are well understood, but embryological characters and the ontogeny of integument(s) are still uncertain in many species. The goals of this study are to evaluate the systematic implications of embryological characters in Styracaceae, clarify the character evolution of the number of integuments and suggest a mechanism for the transition between unitegmic and bitegmic ovules. We examined the embryological characters of four genera and five species of Styracaceae, most of which were shared across taxa. However, Styrax has specific embryological features including bitegmic ovules, a multiplicative and sclerotic outer mesotesta and vascular bundles in the testa, all possible autapomorphies. The other three genera of Styracaceae share a unitegmic ovule, a parenchymatous mesotesta and a seed coat without vascular bundles, possible plesiomorphies with Diapensiaceae and Symplocaceae. The transition from a unitegmic to a bitegmic condition can be interpreted to be caused by a downwards shift of the boundary between the inner and outer integument, due to reduced activity in the subdermal initials and increased activity in the dermal initials of the outer integument at its base.

@article{doi101093botlinneanboaa007,
    author = "Shinke, Ikumi and Tokuoka, Toru",
    title = "Embryology of Styracaceae and implications for the evolution of the integument number in Ericales",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society",
    abstract = "Phylogenetic relationships in Styracaceae are well understood, but embryological characters and the ontogeny of integument(s) are still uncertain in many species. The goals of this study are to evaluate the systematic implications of embryological characters in Styracaceae, clarify the character evolution of the number of integuments and suggest a mechanism for the transition between unitegmic and bitegmic ovules. We examined the embryological characters of four genera and five species of Styracaceae, most of which were shared across taxa. However, Styrax has specific embryological features including bitegmic ovules, a multiplicative and sclerotic outer mesotesta and vascular bundles in the testa, all possible autapomorphies. The other three genera of Styracaceae share a unitegmic ovule, a parenchymatous mesotesta and a seed coat without vascular bundles, possible plesiomorphies with Diapensiaceae and Symplocaceae. The transition from a unitegmic to a bitegmic condition can be interpreted to be caused by a downwards shift of the boundary between the inner and outer integument, due to reduced activity in the subdermal initials and increased activity in the dermal initials of the outer integument at its base.",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4e404bd7492e03e90af23f6f6a86b52dcd778e19",
    doi = "10.1093/botlinnean/boaa007",
    is_oa = "true",
    number = "1",
    pages = "125-139",
    semanticscholar_citation_count = "4",
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    volume = "193"
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Sebaceous glands are sebum-secreting components of pilosebaceous units. The embryological development of the sebaceous gland follows that of the hair follicle and epidermal tissue, beginning between weeks 13 and 16 of fetal development. New sebaceous glands do not normally develop following birth, but their size increases with age. Sebocytes express a multitude of hormone receptors and are heavily regulated to secrete sebum by androgens. There is a large increase of sebum excretion at birth and again at puberty, until approximately age 17. In adulthood, sebum production remains stable and declines to zero in postmenopausal women and in men aged 60-70. Besides the production and release of sebum, sebaceous glands function to lubricate the skin and hair, provide thermoregulation, and exhibit antimicrobial activity. Research has shown sebaceous glands to possess the cellular capability to transcribe genes necessary for androgen metabolism. Dysfunction of the sebaceous gland can be seen primarily in steatocystoma simplex and multiplex, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, sebaceoma, sebaceous adenoma, sebaceous carcinoma, nevus sebaceus, and folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma. Sebaceous glands are secondarily involved in acne vulgaris, seborrheic dermatitis, and androgenic alopecia.

@article{doi101111dth14695,
    author = "Shamloul, Gelan and Khachemoune, Amor",
    title = "An updated review of the sebaceous gland and its role in health and diseases Part 1: Embryology, evolution, structure, and function of sebaceous glands",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Dermatologic Therapy",
    abstract = "Sebaceous glands are sebum-secreting components of pilosebaceous units. The embryological development of the sebaceous gland follows that of the hair follicle and epidermal tissue, beginning between weeks 13 and 16 of fetal development. New sebaceous glands do not normally develop following birth, but their size increases with age. Sebocytes express a multitude of hormone receptors and are heavily regulated to secrete sebum by androgens. There is a large increase of sebum excretion at birth and again at puberty, until approximately age 17. In adulthood, sebum production remains stable and declines to zero in postmenopausal women and in men aged 60-70. Besides the production and release of sebum, sebaceous glands function to lubricate the skin and hair, provide thermoregulation, and exhibit antimicrobial activity. Research has shown sebaceous glands to possess the cellular capability to transcribe genes necessary for androgen metabolism. Dysfunction of the sebaceous gland can be seen primarily in steatocystoma simplex and multiplex, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, sebaceoma, sebaceous adenoma, sebaceous carcinoma, nevus sebaceus, and folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma. Sebaceous glands are secondarily involved in acne vulgaris, seborrheic dermatitis, and androgenic alopecia.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.14695",
    doi = "10.1111/dth.14695",
    openalex = "W3118086919",
    references = "doi101001archderm198201650180082029, doi101016jclindermatol200403004, doi10111115231747ep12532792, doi101111j152447251990tb01554x, doi101152physrev1989692383, doi101159000094670, doi101194jlrr700015jlr200, doi101194jlrr700016jlr200, doi1058582001125708bwfhata, openalexw582364163"
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@article{doi101201978100302386922,
    author = "Wool, D. and Paz, Naomi and Friedman, Leonid",
    title = "Ernst Haeckel: Embryology and Phylogeny in Evolution",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Milestones in the Evolving Theory of Evolution",
    booktitle = "Milestones in the Evolving Theory of Evolution",
    url = "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/91111c9fc7d7f8df1a6f2b31ccdb3581bb968e2e",
    doi = "10.1201/9781003023869-22",
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    pages = "186-190",
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