Food supply

@misc{crook1963monomagy1,
    author = "Crook, J. H",
    title = "Monomagy, polygamy and food supply",
    year = "1963",
    howpublished = "Discovery, no. January, p. 35-41",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Crook, J. H., 1963, Monomagy, polygamy and food supply: Discovery, no. January, p. 35-41.}"
}

A static neoclassical structural model is presented explaining labor supply of both spouses in [two-adult] households [in the Netherlands]. Family preferences are described with a direct translog utility function with the husbands leisure the wifes leisure and family income as its arguments. We assume that the choice set of each family is finite. Account is taken of the Dutch tax and benefits system. We allow for hours restrictions and random preferences and account for unobserved wages of nonworkers. The models are estimated using smooth simulated maximum likelihood. Results based upon Dutch cross-section data from 1987 are illustrated by confidence intervals for elasticities and by several policy simulations. (EXCERPT)

@article{doi102307146191,
    author = "van Soest, Arthur",
    title = "Structural Models of Family Labor Supply: A Discrete Choice Approach",
    year = "1995",
    journal = "The Journal of Human Resources",
    abstract = "A static neoclassical structural model is presented explaining labor supply of both spouses in [two-adult] households [in the Netherlands]. Family preferences are described with a direct translog utility function with the husbands leisure the wifes leisure and family income as its arguments. We assume that the choice set of each family is finite. Account is taken of the Dutch tax and benefits system. We allow for hours restrictions and random preferences and account for unobserved wages of nonworkers. The models are estimated using smooth simulated maximum likelihood. Results based upon Dutch cross-section data from 1987 are illustrated by confidence intervals for elasticities and by several policy simulations. (EXCERPT)",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/146191",
    doi = "10.2307/146191",
    openalex = "W2122794781",
    references = "doi101086261825"
}

This paper provides a theoretical framework for analyzing the impact of the marriage market and divorce legislation on household labor supply. In our approach, the sex ratio in the marriage market and the rules governing divorce are examples of "distribution factors." These factors are defined as variables that affect the household members' bargaining position but not preferences or the joint budget set. We extend the collective labor supply model developed by Chiappori to allow for distribution factors. We show that our model imposes new restrictions on the labor supply functions and eases the identification of individual preferences and the intrahousehold decision process. The model is estimated using PSID data for the year 1988. Our results do not reject the restrictions imposed by the model. Also, the sex ratio and divorce laws deemed favorable to women are found to affect labor supply behavior and the decision process in the directions predicted by the theory and to have sizable effects.

@article{doi101086324385,
    author = "Chiappori, Pierre‐André and Fortin, Bernard and Lacroix, Guy",
    title = "Marriage Market, Divorce Legislation, and Household Labor Supply",
    year = "2002",
    journal = "Journal of Political Economy",
    abstract = {This paper provides a theoretical framework for analyzing the impact of the marriage market and divorce legislation on household labor supply. In our approach, the sex ratio in the marriage market and the rules governing divorce are examples of "distribution factors." These factors are defined as variables that affect the household members' bargaining position but not preferences or the joint budget set. We extend the collective labor supply model developed by Chiappori to allow for distribution factors. We show that our model imposes new restrictions on the labor supply functions and eases the identification of individual preferences and the intrahousehold decision process. The model is estimated using PSID data for the year 1988. Our results do not reject the restrictions imposed by the model. Also, the sex ratio and divorce laws deemed favorable to women are found to affect labor supply behavior and the decision process in the directions predicted by the theory and to have sizable effects.},
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1086/324385",
    doi = "10.1086/324385",
    openalex = "W2111833104",
    references = "doi101086261825, doi101086261912, doi101093wberlhg013, doi102307145670, doi1023071911842, doi1023071973663, doi1023072234656, doi1023072290953, doi1023072526238, doi1023072526280, doi1023072999616"
}

We extend the collective model of household behavior to allow for the existence of public consumption. We show how this model allows the analysis of welfare consequences of policies aimed at changing the distribution of power within the household. Our setting provides a conceptual framework for addressing issues linked to the “targeting” of specific benefits or taxes. We also show that the observation of the labor supplies and the household demand for the public good allow one to identify individual welfare and the decision process. This requires either a separability assumption or the presence of a distribution factor.

@article{doi101086491589,
    author = "Blundell, Richard and Chiappori, Pierre‐André and Meghir, Costas",
    title = "Collective Labor Supply with Children",
    year = "2005",
    journal = "Journal of Political Economy",
    abstract = "We extend the collective model of household behavior to allow for the existence of public consumption. We show how this model allows the analysis of welfare consequences of policies aimed at changing the distribution of power within the household. Our setting provides a conceptual framework for addressing issues linked to the “targeting” of specific benefits or taxes. We also show that the observation of the labor supplies and the household demand for the public good allow one to identify individual welfare and the decision process. This requires either a separability assumption or the presence of a distribution factor.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1086/491589",
    doi = "10.1086/491589",
    openalex = "W2169448906",
    references = "doi101016jjet200501007, doi101086324385"
}

We propose a collective labor supply model with household production that generalizes a model of Blundell, Chiappori and Meghir (2005). Adults'preferences not only depend on own leisure and individual private consumption of market goods. They also depend on the consumption of domestic goods, which are produced by combining market goods with individuals'time. A new identification result, which uses production shifters, is developed. We apply our model to unique data on Dutch couples with children. Our application uses a novel estimation strategy that builds upon the familiar two-stage allocation representation of the collective model.

@article{doi101257aer10273377,
    author = "Cherchye, Laurens and Rock, Bram De and Vermeulen, Frédéric",
    title = "Married with Children: A Collective Labor Supply Model with Detailed Time Use and Intrahousehold Expenditure Information",
    year = "2012",
    journal = "American Economic Review",
    abstract = "We propose a collective labor supply model with household production that generalizes a model of Blundell, Chiappori and Meghir (2005). Adults'preferences not only depend on own leisure and individual private consumption of market goods. They also depend on the consumption of domestic goods, which are produced by combining market goods with individuals'time. A new identification result, which uses production shifters, is developed. We apply our model to unique data on Dutch couples with children. Our application uses a novel estimation strategy that builds upon the familiar two-stage allocation representation of the collective model.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.7.3377",
    doi = "10.1257/aer.102.7.3377",
    openalex = "W3122299928",
    references = "doi101111j1467937x200800525x"
}

Almost fifty million people are food insecure in the United States, which makes food insecurity one of the nation's leading health and nutrition issues. We examine recent research evidence of the health consequences of food insecurity for children, nonsenior adults, and seniors in the United States. For context, we first provide an overview of how food insecurity is measured in the country, followed by a presentation of recent trends in the prevalence of food insecurity. Then we present a survey of selected recent research that examined the association between food insecurity and health outcomes. We show that the literature has consistently found food insecurity to be negatively associated with health. For example, after confounding risk factors were controlled for, studies found that food-insecure children are at least twice as likely to report being in fair or poor health and at least 1.4 times more likely to have asthma, compared to food-secure children; and food-insecure seniors have limitations in activities of daily living comparable to those of food-secure seniors fourteen years older. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) substantially reduces the prevalence of food insecurity and thus is critical to reducing negative health outcomes.

@article{doi101377hlthaff20150645,
    author = "Gundersen, Craig and Ziliak, James P.",
    title = "Food Insecurity And Health Outcomes",
    year = "2015",
    journal = "Health Affairs",
    abstract = "Almost fifty million people are food insecure in the United States, which makes food insecurity one of the nation's leading health and nutrition issues. We examine recent research evidence of the health consequences of food insecurity for children, nonsenior adults, and seniors in the United States. For context, we first provide an overview of how food insecurity is measured in the country, followed by a presentation of recent trends in the prevalence of food insecurity. Then we present a survey of selected recent research that examined the association between food insecurity and health outcomes. We show that the literature has consistently found food insecurity to be negatively associated with health. For example, after confounding risk factors were controlled for, studies found that food-insecure children are at least twice as likely to report being in fair or poor health and at least 1.4 times more likely to have asthma, compared to food-secure children; and food-insecure seniors have limitations in activities of daily living comparable to those of food-secure seniors fourteen years older. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) substantially reduces the prevalence of food insecurity and thus is critical to reducing negative health outcomes.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0645",
    doi = "10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0645",
    openalex = "W2267543226"
}

@book{cudeville2017polygamy,
    author = "Cudeville, Elisabeth and Guénard, Charlotte and Robilliard, Anne-Sophie",
    title = "Polygamy and female labour supply in Senegal",
    year = "2017",
    booktitle = "WIDER Working Paper",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2017/353-0",
    doi = "10.35188/unu-wider/2017/353-0",
    openalex = "W2623473625",
    references = "doi101016jjet200501007, doi101086260084, doi101086260287, doi101086261825, doi101086324385, doi101111j1467937x200800525x, doi1023071911842, doi1023072999616, doi1023073773961, openalexw1794995385"
}

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women and food insecurity are an ever growing public health concerns in Ethiopia. However, the connection between the two is not yet well investigated. Therefore, this study compares IPV by household food security status and examines the association between IPV and food insecurity and among currently married women in childbearing age in Arba Minch town, South Ethiopia. A community based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 696 currently married women (15-49). A quantitative data was collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire on randomly selected women. Logistic regression was done using IBM SPSS version 20. Statistical significance was declared at p-value of less than 0.05 and odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval was used to show the degree of association. Lifetime and current IPV were 62.4% and 50%, respectively. Sixty-three (23.6%) and 285 (66.4%) women who experienced current IPV were from food secured and insecure households, respectively (P-value<0.001). The odds of experiencing current IPV were higher among women from food insecure households (AOR=6.59,95% CI(4.54,9.57)) and who were in the age range of 30-39 (AOR=2.16, 95% CI(1.34,3.56)) and it was lower among women with 10 and more years age difference with their husband (AOR=0.52, 95% CI (0.31,0.88)) and with high decision-making power (AOR=0.61, 95% CI (0.38.0.96)) than their reference groups. The prevalence of current IPV was significantly higher among women from food insecure households as compared to their counterparts. The odds of experiencing current IPV were higher among women from food insecure households. Policy makers and programme planners should consider improving urban women's household food security status in order to improve gender inequality and empower women. Multisectorial effort is needed to improve women education and other behavioral factors.

@article{doi10115520184738527,
    author = "Andarge, Eshetu and Shiferaw, Yohannes",
    title = "Disparities in Intimate Partner Violence among Currently Married Women from Food Secure and Insecure Urban Households in South Ethiopia: A Community Based Comparative Cross-Sectional Study",
    year = "2018",
    journal = "BioMed Research International",
    abstract = "Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women and food insecurity are an ever growing public health concerns in Ethiopia. However, the connection between the two is not yet well investigated. Therefore, this study compares IPV by household food security status and examines the association between IPV and food insecurity and among currently married women in childbearing age in Arba Minch town, South Ethiopia. A community based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 696 currently married women (15-49). A quantitative data was collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire on randomly selected women. Logistic regression was done using IBM SPSS version 20. Statistical significance was declared at p-value of less than 0.05 and odds ratio with its 95\% confidence interval was used to show the degree of association. Lifetime and current IPV were 62.4\% and 50\%, respectively. Sixty-three (23.6\%) and 285 (66.4\%) women who experienced current IPV were from food secured and insecure households, respectively (P-value<0.001). The odds of experiencing current IPV were higher among women from food insecure households (AOR=6.59,95\% CI(4.54,9.57)) and who were in the age range of 30-39 (AOR=2.16, 95\% CI(1.34,3.56)) and it was lower among women with 10 and more years age difference with their husband (AOR=0.52, 95\% CI (0.31,0.88)) and with high decision-making power (AOR=0.61, 95\% CI (0.38.0.96)) than their reference groups. The prevalence of current IPV was significantly higher among women from food insecure households as compared to their counterparts. The odds of experiencing current IPV were higher among women from food insecure households. Policy makers and programme planners should consider improving urban women's household food security status in order to improve gender inequality and empower women. Multisectorial effort is needed to improve women education and other behavioral factors.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4738527",
    doi = "10.1155/2018/4738527",
    openalex = "W2890223923"
}

BACKGROUND: Stay-at-home orders (lockdowns) have been deployed globally to control COVID-19 transmission, and might impair economic conditions and mental health, and exacerbate risk of food insecurity and intimate partner violence. The effect of lockdowns in low-income and middle-income countries must be understood to ensure safe deployment of these interventions in less affluent settings. We aimed to determine the immediate impact of COVID-19 lockdown orders on women and their families in rural Bangladesh. METHODS: An interrupted time series was used to compare data collected from families in Rupganj upazila, rural Bangladesh (randomly selected from participants in a randomised controlled trial), on income, food security, and mental health a median of 1 year and 2 years before the COVID-19 pandemic to data collected during the lockdown. We also assessed women's experiences of intimate partner violence during the pandemic. RESULTS: Between May 19 and June 18, 2020, we randomly selected and invited the mothers of 3016 children to participate in the study, 2424 of whom provided consent. 2414 (99·9%, 95% CI 99·6-99·9) of 2417 mothers were aware of, and adhering to, the stay-at-home advice. 2321 (96·0%, 95·2-96·7) of 2417 mothers reported a reduction in paid work for the family. Median monthly family income fell from US$212 at baseline to $59 during lockdown, and the proportion of families earning less than $1·90 per day rose from five (0·2%, 0·0-0·5) of 2422 to 992 (47·3%, 45·2-49·5) of 2096 (p<0·0001 comparing baseline with lockdown period). Before the pandemic, 136 (5·6%, 4·7-6·6) of 2420 and 65 (2·7%, 2·1-3·4) of 2420 families experienced moderate and severe food insecurity, respectively. This increased to 881 (36·5%, 34·5-38·4) of 2417 and 371 (15·3%, 13·9-16·8) of 2417 during the lockdown; the number of families experiencing any level of food insecurity increased by 51·7% (48·1-55·4; p<0·0001). Mothers' depression and anxiety symptoms increased during the lockdown. Among women experiencing emotional or moderate physical violence, over half reported it had increased since the lockdown. INTERPRETATION: COVID-19 lockdowns present significant economic, psychosocial, and physical risks to the wellbeing of women and their families across economic strata in rural Bangladesh. Beyond supporting only the most socioeconomically deprived, support is needed for all affected families. FUNDING: National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia.

@article{doi101016s2214109x20303661,
    author = "Hamadani, Jena and Hasan, Mohammed Imrul and Baldi, Andrew and Hossain, Sheikh Jamal and Shiraji, Shamima and Bhuiyan, Mohammad Saiful Alam and Mehrin, Syeda Fardina and Fisher, Jane and Tofail, Fahmida and Tipu, S M Mulk Uddin and Grantham‐McGregor, Sally and Biggs, Beverley‐Ann and Braat, Sabine and Pasricha, Sant‐Rayn",
    title = "Immediate impact of stay-at-home orders to control COVID-19 transmission on socioeconomic conditions, food insecurity, mental health, and intimate partner violence in Bangladeshi women and their families: an interrupted time series",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "The Lancet Global Health",
    abstract = "BACKGROUND: Stay-at-home orders (lockdowns) have been deployed globally to control COVID-19 transmission, and might impair economic conditions and mental health, and exacerbate risk of food insecurity and intimate partner violence. The effect of lockdowns in low-income and middle-income countries must be understood to ensure safe deployment of these interventions in less affluent settings. We aimed to determine the immediate impact of COVID-19 lockdown orders on women and their families in rural Bangladesh. METHODS: An interrupted time series was used to compare data collected from families in Rupganj upazila, rural Bangladesh (randomly selected from participants in a randomised controlled trial), on income, food security, and mental health a median of 1 year and 2 years before the COVID-19 pandemic to data collected during the lockdown. We also assessed women's experiences of intimate partner violence during the pandemic. RESULTS: Between May 19 and June 18, 2020, we randomly selected and invited the mothers of 3016 children to participate in the study, 2424 of whom provided consent. 2414 (99·9\%, 95\% CI 99·6-99·9) of 2417 mothers were aware of, and adhering to, the stay-at-home advice. 2321 (96·0\%, 95·2-96·7) of 2417 mothers reported a reduction in paid work for the family. Median monthly family income fell from US$212 at baseline to $59 during lockdown, and the proportion of families earning less than $1·90 per day rose from five (0·2\%, 0·0-0·5) of 2422 to 992 (47·3\%, 45·2-49·5) of 2096 (p<0·0001 comparing baseline with lockdown period). Before the pandemic, 136 (5·6\%, 4·7-6·6) of 2420 and 65 (2·7\%, 2·1-3·4) of 2420 families experienced moderate and severe food insecurity, respectively. This increased to 881 (36·5\%, 34·5-38·4) of 2417 and 371 (15·3\%, 13·9-16·8) of 2417 during the lockdown; the number of families experiencing any level of food insecurity increased by 51·7\% (48·1-55·4; p<0·0001). Mothers' depression and anxiety symptoms increased during the lockdown. Among women experiencing emotional or moderate physical violence, over half reported it had increased since the lockdown. INTERPRETATION: COVID-19 lockdowns present significant economic, psychosocial, and physical risks to the wellbeing of women and their families across economic strata in rural Bangladesh. Beyond supporting only the most socioeconomically deprived, support is needed for all affected families. FUNDING: National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30366-1",
    doi = "10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30366-1",
    openalex = "W3080714299"
}

OBJECTIVE: Food security has been suggested to be a risk factor for depression, stress and anxiety. We therefore undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of available publications to examine these associations further. DESIGN: Relevant studies were identified by searching Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and PubMed databases up to January 2019. SETTING: OR was pooled using a random-effects model. Standard methods were used for assessment of heterogeneity and publication bias. PARTICIPANTS: Data were available from nineteen studies with 372 143 individual participants from ten different countries that were pooled for the meta-analysis. RESULTS: The results showed there was a positive relationship between food insecurity (FI) and risk of depression (OR = 1·40; 95 % CI: 1·30, 1·58) and stress (OR = 1·34; 95 % CI: 1·24, 1·44) but not anxiety. Subgroup analysis by age showed that subjects older than ≥65 years exhibited a higher risk of depression (OR = 1·75; 95 % CI: 1·20, 2·56) than younger participants (OR = 1·34; 95 % CI: 1·20, 1·50), as well as a greater risk of depression in men (OR = 1·42; 95 % CI: 1·17, 1·72) than women (OR = 1·30; 95 % CI: 1·16, 1·46). Finally, subgroup analysis according to geographical location illustrated that food insecure households living in North America had the highest risk of stress and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence from this meta-analysis suggests that FI has a significant effect on the likelihood of being stressed or depressed. This indicates that health care services, which alleviate FI, would also promote holistic well-being in adults.

@article{doi101017s136898001900435x,
    author = "Pourmotabbed, Ali and Moradi, Sajjad and Babaei, Atefeh and Ghavami, Abed and Mohammadi, Hamed and Jalili, Cyrus and Symonds, Michael and Miraghajani, Maryam",
    title = "Food insecurity and mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Public Health Nutrition",
    abstract = "OBJECTIVE: Food security has been suggested to be a risk factor for depression, stress and anxiety. We therefore undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of available publications to examine these associations further. DESIGN: Relevant studies were identified by searching Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and PubMed databases up to January 2019. SETTING: OR was pooled using a random-effects model. Standard methods were used for assessment of heterogeneity and publication bias. PARTICIPANTS: Data were available from nineteen studies with 372 143 individual participants from ten different countries that were pooled for the meta-analysis. RESULTS: The results showed there was a positive relationship between food insecurity (FI) and risk of depression (OR = 1·40; 95 \% CI: 1·30, 1·58) and stress (OR = 1·34; 95 \% CI: 1·24, 1·44) but not anxiety. Subgroup analysis by age showed that subjects older than ≥65 years exhibited a higher risk of depression (OR = 1·75; 95 \% CI: 1·20, 2·56) than younger participants (OR = 1·34; 95 \% CI: 1·20, 1·50), as well as a greater risk of depression in men (OR = 1·42; 95 \% CI: 1·17, 1·72) than women (OR = 1·30; 95 \% CI: 1·16, 1·46). Finally, subgroup analysis according to geographical location illustrated that food insecure households living in North America had the highest risk of stress and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence from this meta-analysis suggests that FI has a significant effect on the likelihood of being stressed or depressed. This indicates that health care services, which alleviate FI, would also promote holistic well-being in adults.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/s136898001900435x",
    doi = "10.1017/s136898001900435x",
    openalex = "W3011138890"
}

Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has already led to major increases in unemployment and is expected to lead to unprecedented increases in poverty and food and nutrition insecurity, as well as poor health outcomes. Families where young children, youth, pregnant and lactating women live need to be protected against the ongoing protracted pandemic and the aftershocks that are very likely to follow for years to come. The future wellbeing of the vast majority of the world now depends on reconfiguring the current ineffective food, nutrition, health, and social protection systems to ensure food and nutrition security for all. Because food, nutrition, health, and socio-economic outcomes are intimately inter-linked, it is essential that we find out how to effectively address the need to reconfigure and to provide better intersecoral coordination among global and local food, health care, and social protection systems taking equity and sutainability principles into account. Implementation science research informed by complex adaptive sytems frameworks will be needed to fill in the major knowledge gaps. Not doing so will not only put the development of individuals at further risk, but also negatively impact on the development potential of entire nations and ultimately our planet.

@article{doi101111mcn13036,
    author = "Pérez‐Escamilla, Rafael and Cunningham, Kenda and Morán, Victoria Hall",
    title = "COVID‐19 and maternal and child food and nutrition insecurity: a complex syndemic",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Maternal and Child Nutrition",
    abstract = "Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has already led to major increases in unemployment and is expected to lead to unprecedented increases in poverty and food and nutrition insecurity, as well as poor health outcomes. Families where young children, youth, pregnant and lactating women live need to be protected against the ongoing protracted pandemic and the aftershocks that are very likely to follow for years to come. The future wellbeing of the vast majority of the world now depends on reconfiguring the current ineffective food, nutrition, health, and social protection systems to ensure food and nutrition security for all. Because food, nutrition, health, and socio-economic outcomes are intimately inter-linked, it is essential that we find out how to effectively address the need to reconfigure and to provide better intersecoral coordination among global and local food, health care, and social protection systems taking equity and sutainability principles into account. Implementation science research informed by complex adaptive sytems frameworks will be needed to fill in the major knowledge gaps. Not doing so will not only put the development of individuals at further risk, but also negatively impact on the development potential of entire nations and ultimately our planet.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13036",
    doi = "10.1111/mcn.13036",
    openalex = "W3029446172"
}

Economic fallout and food supply chain disruptions require attention from policy-makers

@article{doi101126scienceabc4765,
    author = "Laborde, David and Martín, Will and Swinnen, Johan and Vos, Rob",
    title = "COVID-19 risks to global food security",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Science",
    abstract = "Economic fallout and food supply chain disruptions require attention from policy-makers",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc4765",
    doi = "10.1126/science.abc4765",
    openalex = "W3046728009"
}

The COVID-19 pandemic is negatively associated with the mental health of low-income adults in the United States, with disproportionate associations among adults experiencing food insecurity. These disparities have the potential to increase mental health disparities over the long term.

@article{doi101089heq20200059,
    author = "Wolfson, Julia A. and Garcia, Travertine and Leung, Cindy W.",
    title = "Food Insecurity Is Associated with Depression, Anxiety, and Stress: Evidence from the Early Days of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States",
    year = "2021",
    journal = "Health Equity",
    abstract = "The COVID-19 pandemic is negatively associated with the mental health of low-income adults in the United States, with disproportionate associations among adults experiencing food insecurity. These disparities have the potential to increase mental health disparities over the long term.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2020.0059",
    doi = "10.1089/heq.2020.0059",
    openalex = "W3131149840"
}

This paper examines factors associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) among newly married women in Nepal, and how IPV was affected by food insecurity and COVID-19. Given evidence that food insecurity is associated with IPV and COVID-19, we explored whether increased food insecurity during COVID-19 is associated with changes in IPV. We used data from a cohort study of 200 newly married women aged 18-25 years, interviewed five times over two years at 6-month intervals (02/2018-07/2020), including after COVID-19-associated lockdowns. Bivariate analysis and mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to examine the association between selected risk factors and recent IPV. IPV increased from 24.5% at baseline to 49.2% before COVID-19 and to 80.4% after COVID-19. After adjusting for covariates, we find that both COVID-19 (OR = 2.93, 95% CI 1.07-8.02) and food insecurity (OR = 7.12, 95% CI 4.04-12.56) are associated with increased odds of IPV, and IPV increased more for food-insecure women post COVID-19 (compared to non-food insecure), but this was not statistically significant (confidence interval 0.76-8.69, p-value = 0.131). Young, newly married women experience high rates of IPV that increase with time in marriage, and COVID-19 has exacerbated this, especially for food-insecure women in the present sample. Along with enforcement of laws against IPV, our results suggest that special attention needs to be paid to women during a crisis time like the current COVID-19 pandemic, especially those who experience other household stressors.

@article{doi1010802641039720232181282,
    author = "Puri, Mahesh C and Maharjan, Dev Chandra and Dahal, Minakshi and Raifman, Sarah and Diamond-Smith, Nadia",
    title = "Intimate partner violence, food insecurity and COVID-19 among newly married women in Nawalparasi district of Nepal: a longitudinal study.",
    year = "2023",
    journal = "Sexual and reproductive health matters",
    abstract = "This paper examines factors associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) among newly married women in Nepal, and how IPV was affected by food insecurity and COVID-19. Given evidence that food insecurity is associated with IPV and COVID-19, we explored whether increased food insecurity during COVID-19 is associated with changes in IPV. We used data from a cohort study of 200 newly married women aged 18-25 years, interviewed five times over two years at 6-month intervals (02/2018-07/2020), including after COVID-19-associated lockdowns. Bivariate analysis and mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to examine the association between selected risk factors and recent IPV. IPV increased from 24.5\% at baseline to 49.2\% before COVID-19 and to 80.4\% after COVID-19. After adjusting for covariates, we find that both COVID-19 (OR = 2.93, 95\% CI 1.07-8.02) and food insecurity (OR = 7.12, 95\% CI 4.04-12.56) are associated with increased odds of IPV, and IPV increased more for food-insecure women post COVID-19 (compared to non-food insecure), but this was not statistically significant (confidence interval 0.76-8.69, p-value = 0.131). Young, newly married women experience high rates of IPV that increase with time in marriage, and COVID-19 has exacerbated this, especially for food-insecure women in the present sample. Along with enforcement of laws against IPV, our results suggest that special attention needs to be paid to women during a crisis time like the current COVID-19 pandemic, especially those who experience other household stressors.",
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10078121/",
    doi = "10.1080/26410397.2023.2181282",
    openalex = "W4362602378",
    pmcid = "PMC10078121",
    pmid = "37017613",
    references = "doi101016s014067360860522x, doi101016s2214109x13700743, doi101016s2214109x20303661, doi101111mcn13036, doi101126science1240937, doi101126scienceabc4765, doi101186147124581129, doi101186147268741119, doi10118617424755715, doi1015969781464801716"
}

Existing research has established the detrimental effects of food insecurity on health. However, understanding of the social conditions that may moderate this relationship remains limited. To address this gap, the study investigates two questions: First, does marital status moderate the association between food insecurity and self-rated health? Second, if such moderation exists, does its impact vary based on gender? Data from the 2017-2018 Canadian Community Health Survey, a nationally representative survey conducted by Statistics Canada (n =101 647), were utilized for this investigation. The findings demonstrated that individuals living in food-insecure households reported poorer self-rated mental and general health. However, the negative impact of food insecurity on both health outcomes was less pronounced among married individuals than among their unmarried counterparts. Furthermore, the stress-buffering role of marriage was found to be more substantial among men than among women. In light of the significant stress-buffering role of marriage revealed in this study, it is crucial for policies to aim at providing comparable coping resources to unmarried individuals, particularly women.

@article{doi101097fch0000000000000377,
    author = "Chai, Lei",
    title = "Food Insecurity and Health: Marital Status and Gender Variations.",
    year = "2023",
    journal = "Family \& community health",
    abstract = "Existing research has established the detrimental effects of food insecurity on health. However, understanding of the social conditions that may moderate this relationship remains limited. To address this gap, the study investigates two questions: First, does marital status moderate the association between food insecurity and self-rated health? Second, if such moderation exists, does its impact vary based on gender? Data from the 2017-2018 Canadian Community Health Survey, a nationally representative survey conducted by Statistics Canada (n =101 647), were utilized for this investigation. The findings demonstrated that individuals living in food-insecure households reported poorer self-rated mental and general health. However, the negative impact of food insecurity on both health outcomes was less pronounced among married individuals than among their unmarried counterparts. Furthermore, the stress-buffering role of marriage was found to be more substantial among men than among women. In light of the significant stress-buffering role of marriage revealed in this study, it is crucial for policies to aim at providing comparable coping resources to unmarried individuals, particularly women.",
    url = "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37703512/",
    doi = "10.1097/FCH.0000000000000377",
    openalex = "W4386595690",
    pmid = "37703512",
    references = "doi101016027795369290259s, doi101016jsocscimed200905013, doi1010370022006x544416, doi101111j14679531200700180x, doi101111j15251497200500291x, doi101111j17413737201000728x, doi101177002214650504600206, doi101177002214650905000307, doi1023072136676, doi1023072955359"
}

Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for an active and healthy life. While there is a lengthy body of literature examining food insecurity among children, food insecurity among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) has been relatively understudied. The literature demonstrates that AYAs experiencing food insecurity have poorer physical, mental, and psychosocial health outcomes than their peers, which may persist into adulthood. As AYAs reach reproductive maturity, those experiencing food insecurity are more likely to have children who are also poorly nourished, perpetuating intergenerational poor nutrition and its associated health and socioeconomic costs. In this position paper, Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine (SAHM) recommends actions that healthcare professionals can take to achieve a goal of universal food security among AYAs. As SAHM strives to promote the optimal health of AYAs around the world, the positions in this paper affirm SAHM's commitment to promoting food security for all AYAs.

@article{doi101016jjadohealth202409024,
    title = "Promoting Food Security Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Position Paper of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Journal of Adolescent Health",
    abstract = "Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for an active and healthy life. While there is a lengthy body of literature examining food insecurity among children, food insecurity among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) has been relatively understudied. The literature demonstrates that AYAs experiencing food insecurity have poorer physical, mental, and psychosocial health outcomes than their peers, which may persist into adulthood. As AYAs reach reproductive maturity, those experiencing food insecurity are more likely to have children who are also poorly nourished, perpetuating intergenerational poor nutrition and its associated health and socioeconomic costs. In this position paper, Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine (SAHM) recommends actions that healthcare professionals can take to achieve a goal of universal food security among AYAs. As SAHM strives to promote the optimal health of AYAs around the world, the positions in this paper affirm SAHM's commitment to promoting food security for all AYAs.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.09.024",
    doi = "10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.09.024",
    openalex = "W4405416108",
    references = "doi101186s12889023174087"
}

OBJECTIVES: Despite growing interest in the health disparities associated with food insecurity, research focusing on Indigenous peoples has been limited, especially in studies using nationally representative samples. This study investigates the association between food insecurity and various health outcomes - self-rated general and mental health, chronic health conditions, suicidal ideation, and obesity - among Indigenous peoples in Canada. It also explores the potential moderating effects of culture-based resources, which include cultural identity affect, cultural group belonging, cultural engagement, and cultural exploration. DESIGN: The study utilized data from the 2017 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, a nationally representative sample of First Nations individuals living off-reserve, Métis, and Inuit across Canada (N = 15,533). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Food insecurity was negatively associated with all examined health outcomes. Culture-based resources demonstrated a mixture of anticipated and unexpected effects on these relationships. Consistent with the stress process model, cultural group belonging mitigated the negative impact of food insecurity on all health outcomes. A similar pattern was observed for cultural engagement. However, contrary to expectations from the stress-buffering perspective, little evidence was found to support the moderating effects of cultural identity affect and cultural exploration. CONCLUSION: The results underscore the detrimental effects of food insecurity on the health of Indigenous peoples in Canada and suggest that culture-based resources, particularly cultural group belonging, play a crucial role in mitigating health disparities.

@article{doi1010801355785820242311419,
    author = "Chai, Lei",
    title = "Food insecurity and its association with multiple health outcomes among Indigenous peoples in Canada: the buffering role of culture-based resources",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Ethnicity and Health",
    abstract = "OBJECTIVES: Despite growing interest in the health disparities associated with food insecurity, research focusing on Indigenous peoples has been limited, especially in studies using nationally representative samples. This study investigates the association between food insecurity and various health outcomes - self-rated general and mental health, chronic health conditions, suicidal ideation, and obesity - among Indigenous peoples in Canada. It also explores the potential moderating effects of culture-based resources, which include cultural identity affect, cultural group belonging, cultural engagement, and cultural exploration. DESIGN: The study utilized data from the 2017 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, a nationally representative sample of First Nations individuals living off-reserve, Métis, and Inuit across Canada (N = 15,533). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Food insecurity was negatively associated with all examined health outcomes. Culture-based resources demonstrated a mixture of anticipated and unexpected effects on these relationships. Consistent with the stress process model, cultural group belonging mitigated the negative impact of food insecurity on all health outcomes. A similar pattern was observed for cultural engagement. However, contrary to expectations from the stress-buffering perspective, little evidence was found to support the moderating effects of cultural identity affect and cultural exploration. CONCLUSION: The results underscore the detrimental effects of food insecurity on the health of Indigenous peoples in Canada and suggest that culture-based resources, particularly cultural group belonging, play a crucial role in mitigating health disparities.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2024.2311419",
    doi = "10.1080/13557858.2024.2311419",
    openalex = "W4391446535",
    references = "doi101097fch0000000000000377"
}

This study examines the relationship between residential mobility and self-rated health among Indigenous adults aged 19–24, exploring whether food insecurity acts as a mediator or moderator in this relationship. Data were collected from the 2017 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, a nationally representative survey administered by Statistics Canada (N = 4,028). Logistic regression analysis revealed that food insecurity fully mediated the negative effects of residential mobility on self-rated general and mental health. Furthermore, food insecurity amplified the negative impacts of residential mobility on both health outcomes. These results underscore the importance of implementing culturally specific interventions to address food insecurity among young Indigenous adults.

@article{doi1010801932024820242305408,
    author = "Chai, Lei",
    title = "Residential Mobility and Its Impact on Self-Rated General and Mental Health Among Young Indigenous Adults: The Mediating and Moderating Roles of Food Insecurity",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Journal of Hunger \& Environmental Nutrition",
    abstract = "This study examines the relationship between residential mobility and self-rated health among Indigenous adults aged 19–24, exploring whether food insecurity acts as a mediator or moderator in this relationship. Data were collected from the 2017 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, a nationally representative survey administered by Statistics Canada (N = 4,028). Logistic regression analysis revealed that food insecurity fully mediated the negative effects of residential mobility on self-rated general and mental health. Furthermore, food insecurity amplified the negative impacts of residential mobility on both health outcomes. These results underscore the importance of implementing culturally specific interventions to address food insecurity among young Indigenous adults.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/19320248.2024.2305408",
    doi = "10.1080/19320248.2024.2305408",
    openalex = "W4391031930",
    references = "doi101097fch0000000000000377"
}

Purpose Realities of food insecurity are more pronounced with a specific focus on women in developing countries. The need to understand the varied food insecurity experiences among female-headed agricultural households in such contexts provided the rationale and motivation for this study. Design/methodology/approach The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional approach, drawing on the binary logistic regression to determine the influence of socioeconomic status on household coping mechanisms in response to food insecurity in a stratified random sample of 509 female-headed agricultural households in Liberia. Findings The results revealed that most respondents experienced food insecurity reflected in inadequate food availability, an inability to eat nutritious food and the necessity to skip meals. In response, they employed coping strategies such as borrowing money, selling assets, and reducing health expenses, which were influenced by socioeconomic characteristics such as gender, education, and marital status. Practical implications The study illustrates the multi-layered and complex context of food insecurity among women. From these findings, the study proposes the consideration of such dynamics to inform practical and relevant mitigatory policy approaches to the target demographic. Social implications With food insecurity being a social problem, the study identifies its social impact by documenting the participants' lived experiences. Thus, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of food insecurity across different segments of society. Originality/value The study draws its originality from understanding how food insecurity impacts female-headed households, highlighting the often-ignored gender dynamics of food insecurity in developing nations and aggregating the coping strategies and food insecurity expenses.

@article{doi101108bfj1020230884,
    author = "KEMBOI, MICHAEL and Mazenda, Adrino and Katiyatiya, Chenaimoyo L.F.",
    title = "Coping strategies and food insecurity experiences: the case of female-headed agricultural households in Liberia",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "British Food Journal",
    abstract = "Purpose Realities of food insecurity are more pronounced with a specific focus on women in developing countries. The need to understand the varied food insecurity experiences among female-headed agricultural households in such contexts provided the rationale and motivation for this study. Design/methodology/approach The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional approach, drawing on the binary logistic regression to determine the influence of socioeconomic status on household coping mechanisms in response to food insecurity in a stratified random sample of 509 female-headed agricultural households in Liberia. Findings The results revealed that most respondents experienced food insecurity reflected in inadequate food availability, an inability to eat nutritious food and the necessity to skip meals. In response, they employed coping strategies such as borrowing money, selling assets, and reducing health expenses, which were influenced by socioeconomic characteristics such as gender, education, and marital status. Practical implications The study illustrates the multi-layered and complex context of food insecurity among women. From these findings, the study proposes the consideration of such dynamics to inform practical and relevant mitigatory policy approaches to the target demographic. Social implications With food insecurity being a social problem, the study identifies its social impact by documenting the participants' lived experiences. Thus, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of food insecurity across different segments of society. Originality/value The study draws its originality from understanding how food insecurity impacts female-headed households, highlighting the often-ignored gender dynamics of food insecurity in developing nations and aggregating the coping strategies and food insecurity expenses.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-10-2023-0884",
    doi = "10.1108/bfj-10-2023-0884",
    openalex = "W4396785843",
    references = "doi101097fch0000000000000377"
}

PURPOSE: While the individual impacts of long-term residence and food insecurity on overweight/obesity are well-documented, their combined effect on immigrants' weight status is less understood. This study examines the interaction between length of residence and food insecurity in predicting overweight/obesity among immigrants and investigates whether this relationship is gender-specific. DESIGN: A national cross-sectional survey. SETTING: The 2017-2018 Canadian Community Health Survey. SUBJECTS: Immigrants aged 18 and older (N = 13 680). MEASURES: All focal variables were self-reported. ANALYSIS: Logistic regression models were employed. RESULTS: >.05). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that long-term immigrant men may be especially susceptible to the compounded chronic stressors of extended residence and food insecurity. Health professionals and policymakers should advocate for psychosocial resources to help mitigate these adverse effects and support the well-being of immigrant populations.

@article{doi10117708901171241246842,
    author = "Chai, Lei",
    title = "Exploring the Impact of Length of Residence and Food Insecurity on Weight Status Among Canadian Immigrants",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "American Journal of Health Promotion",
    abstract = "PURPOSE: While the individual impacts of long-term residence and food insecurity on overweight/obesity are well-documented, their combined effect on immigrants' weight status is less understood. This study examines the interaction between length of residence and food insecurity in predicting overweight/obesity among immigrants and investigates whether this relationship is gender-specific. DESIGN: A national cross-sectional survey. SETTING: The 2017-2018 Canadian Community Health Survey. SUBJECTS: Immigrants aged 18 and older (N = 13 680). MEASURES: All focal variables were self-reported. ANALYSIS: Logistic regression models were employed. RESULTS: >.05). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that long-term immigrant men may be especially susceptible to the compounded chronic stressors of extended residence and food insecurity. Health professionals and policymakers should advocate for psychosocial resources to help mitigate these adverse effects and support the well-being of immigrant populations.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1177/08901171241246842",
    doi = "10.1177/08901171241246842",
    openalex = "W4394852325",
    references = "doi101097fch0000000000000377"
}

BACKGROUND: Child marriage is a global crisis underpinned by gender inequality and discrimination against girls. A small evidence base suggests that food insecurity crises can be both a driver and a consequence of child marriage. However, these linkages are still ambiguous. This paper aims to understand how food insecurity influences child marriage practices in Chiredzi, Zimbabwe. METHODS: Mixed methods, including participant-led storytelling via SenseMaker® and key informant interviews, were employed to examine the relationship between food insecurity and child marriage within a broader context of gender and socio-economic inequality. We explored the extent to which food insecurity elevates adolescent girls' risk of child marriage; and how food insecurity influences child marriage decision-making among caregivers and adolescents. Key patterns that were generated by SenseMaker participants' interpretations of their own stories were visually identified in the meta-data, and then further analyzed. Semi-structured guides were used to facilitate key informant interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, and transcribed and translated to English, then imported into NVivo for coding and thematic analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1,668 community members participated in SenseMaker data collection, while 22 staff participated in interviews. Overall, we found that food insecurity was a primary concern among community members. Food insecurity was found to be among the contextual factors of deprivation that influenced parents' and adolescent girls' decision making around child marriage. Parents often forced their daughters into marriage to relieve the household economic burden. At the same time, adolescents are initiating their own marriages due to limited alternative survival opportunities and within the restraints imposed by food insecurity, poverty, abuse in the home, and parental migration. COVID-19 and climate hazards exacerbated food insecurity and child marriage, while education may act as a modifier that reduces girls' risk of marriage. CONCLUSIONS: Our exploration of the associations between food insecurity and child marriage suggest that child marriage programming in humanitarian settings should be community-led and gender transformative to address the gender inequality that underpins child marriage and address the needs and priorities of adolescent girls. Further, programming must be responsive to the diverse risks and realities that adolescents face to address the intersecting levels of deprivation and elevate the capacities of adolescent girls, their families, and communities to prevent child marriage in food insecure settings.

@article{doi101186s12889023174087,
    author = "Gambir, Katherine and Matsika, Abel Blessing and Panagiotou, Anna and Snowden, Eleanor and Lofthouse, Clare and Metzler, Janna",
    title = "Associations between child marriage and food insecurity in Zimbabwe: a participatory mixed methods study.",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "BMC public health",
    abstract = "BACKGROUND: Child marriage is a global crisis underpinned by gender inequality and discrimination against girls. A small evidence base suggests that food insecurity crises can be both a driver and a consequence of child marriage. However, these linkages are still ambiguous. This paper aims to understand how food insecurity influences child marriage practices in Chiredzi, Zimbabwe. METHODS: Mixed methods, including participant-led storytelling via SenseMaker® and key informant interviews, were employed to examine the relationship between food insecurity and child marriage within a broader context of gender and socio-economic inequality. We explored the extent to which food insecurity elevates adolescent girls' risk of child marriage; and how food insecurity influences child marriage decision-making among caregivers and adolescents. Key patterns that were generated by SenseMaker participants' interpretations of their own stories were visually identified in the meta-data, and then further analyzed. Semi-structured guides were used to facilitate key informant interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, and transcribed and translated to English, then imported into NVivo for coding and thematic analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1,668 community members participated in SenseMaker data collection, while 22 staff participated in interviews. Overall, we found that food insecurity was a primary concern among community members. Food insecurity was found to be among the contextual factors of deprivation that influenced parents' and adolescent girls' decision making around child marriage. Parents often forced their daughters into marriage to relieve the household economic burden. At the same time, adolescents are initiating their own marriages due to limited alternative survival opportunities and within the restraints imposed by food insecurity, poverty, abuse in the home, and parental migration. COVID-19 and climate hazards exacerbated food insecurity and child marriage, while education may act as a modifier that reduces girls' risk of marriage. CONCLUSIONS: Our exploration of the associations between food insecurity and child marriage suggest that child marriage programming in humanitarian settings should be community-led and gender transformative to address the gender inequality that underpins child marriage and address the needs and priorities of adolescent girls. Further, programming must be responsive to the diverse risks and realities that adolescents face to address the intersecting levels of deprivation and elevate the capacities of adolescent girls, their families, and communities to prevent child marriage in food insecure settings.",
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10759370/",
    doi = "10.1186/s12889-023-17408-7",
    openalex = "W4390500562",
    pmcid = "PMC10759370",
    pmid = "38166715",
    references = "doi101016jcrm2021100338, doi101016jjadohealth201812017, doi101016jjadohealth201901014, doi101136bmjb4258, doi10115520184738527, doi101186s12889021107188, doi102305iucnch202003en, doi1033629781788531511, doi103390systems7020025, openalexw1539553817"
}

BACKGROUND: Higher education is widely recognized as a strategy to mitigate food insecurity. However, marginalized and racialized groups, especially Latinos, often do not experience the same economic and health benefits from their educational achievements as non-Latino Whites, highlighting a pattern of diminished returns within these communities. AIMS: This study aims to explore the disparities in how educational attainment influences marital status and employment, and subsequently, food insecurity among Latino and non-Latino adults. METHODS: Utilizing data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which encompassed 27,648 adults from both Latino and non-Latino backgrounds, this research applied a structural equation model to examine the relationship between educational attainment, ethnicity, and food insecurity. The study specifically focused on the mediating roles of marital status and employment. RESULTS: Findings reveal significant interactions between education and ethnicity affecting marital status and employment, both of which serve as protective factors against food insecurity. These results indicate that higher levels of unemployment and lower marriage rates may disproportionately escalate food insecurity among Latinos, irrespective of educational attainment. CONCLUSION: The study highlights profound societal and environmental obstacles that prevent Latinos from leveraging educational achievements to improve their marital and employment statuses, and thereby, their food security. Addressing these disparities demands targeted interventions directed at Latino communities to bridge gaps in employment and marriage rates stemming from educational disparities. A holistic strategy that transcends mere access to education is essential to dismantle the societal barriers that undermine the educational dividends for Latino communities.

@article{doi103389fpubh20241407005,
    author = "Assari, Shervin",
    title = "Latinos' diminished returns of educational attainment on reducing food insecurity: the role of ethnic disparities in family structure and employment.",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Frontiers in public health",
    abstract = "BACKGROUND: Higher education is widely recognized as a strategy to mitigate food insecurity. However, marginalized and racialized groups, especially Latinos, often do not experience the same economic and health benefits from their educational achievements as non-Latino Whites, highlighting a pattern of diminished returns within these communities. AIMS: This study aims to explore the disparities in how educational attainment influences marital status and employment, and subsequently, food insecurity among Latino and non-Latino adults. METHODS: Utilizing data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which encompassed 27,648 adults from both Latino and non-Latino backgrounds, this research applied a structural equation model to examine the relationship between educational attainment, ethnicity, and food insecurity. The study specifically focused on the mediating roles of marital status and employment. RESULTS: Findings reveal significant interactions between education and ethnicity affecting marital status and employment, both of which serve as protective factors against food insecurity. These results indicate that higher levels of unemployment and lower marriage rates may disproportionately escalate food insecurity among Latinos, irrespective of educational attainment. CONCLUSION: The study highlights profound societal and environmental obstacles that prevent Latinos from leveraging educational achievements to improve their marital and employment statuses, and thereby, their food security. Addressing these disparities demands targeted interventions directed at Latino communities to bridge gaps in employment and marriage rates stemming from educational disparities. A holistic strategy that transcends mere access to education is essential to dismantle the societal barriers that undermine the educational dividends for Latino communities.",
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11366641/",
    doi = "10.3389/fpubh.2024.1407005",
    openalex = "W4401686818",
    pmcid = "PMC11366641",
    pmid = "39224560",
    references = "doi101007s11606019052024, doi101016jamepre200809025, doi101016jecolecon2020106859, doi101017s136898001900435x, doi1010370003066x602149, doi101089heq20200059, doi101093jn1292521s, doi101111sipr12042, doi101377hlthaff20150645, doi103945jn114199414"
}

OBJECTIVES: Assessing children's food and nutrition security in Indonesia, especially among children from parents who experienced child marriage, is crucial for policymakers. This study investigates the role of parental child marriage in children's food security and nutritional status. METHODS: We analyze data from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 4 (2007) and 5 (2014), involving 1,612 households. We employ OLS and binary logit regression analysis. RESULTS: Our analysis reveals that parental child marriage is associated with higher probability of children being stunted and experiencing food insecurity. Additionally, parental child marriage correlates with higher BMI-for-age z-scores, which increase the risk of obesity, and lower Food Consumption Scores (FCS). RECOMMENDATION: Implementing community initiatives, economic empowerment, healthcare access, and gender-sensitive and integrated policies is crucial for enhancing food security and improving nutritional status among childen in families affected by child marriage.

@article{doi103389fpubh20241469483,
    author = "Hidayah, Isnawati and Suryahadi, Asep and Palmisano, Flaviana and Kiefte-de Jong, Jessica C",
    title = "The role of parental child marriage in children's food security and nutritional status: a prospective cohort study in Indonesia.",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Frontiers in public health",
    abstract = "OBJECTIVES: Assessing children's food and nutrition security in Indonesia, especially among children from parents who experienced child marriage, is crucial for policymakers. This study investigates the role of parental child marriage in children's food security and nutritional status. METHODS: We analyze data from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 4 (2007) and 5 (2014), involving 1,612 households. We employ OLS and binary logit regression analysis. RESULTS: Our analysis reveals that parental child marriage is associated with higher probability of children being stunted and experiencing food insecurity. Additionally, parental child marriage correlates with higher BMI-for-age z-scores, which increase the risk of obesity, and lower Food Consumption Scores (FCS). RECOMMENDATION: Implementing community initiatives, economic empowerment, healthcare access, and gender-sensitive and integrated policies is crucial for enhancing food security and improving nutritional status among childen in families affected by child marriage.",
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11666496/",
    doi = "10.3389/fpubh.2024.1469483",
    openalex = "W4405215286",
    pmcid = "PMC11666496",
    pmid = "39720800",
    references = "doi10100797808176481145, doi101007s1099501517007, doi101016jjadohealth202109001, doi101016jsocscimed201705027, doi1010802574129220181540378, doi101136bmjgh2020004030, doi101186s1288901853130, doi101186s12889023174087, doi101186s1291601912798, doi101257app20170416, doi104103ijcmijcm15118"
}

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Puerto Rican households often face elevated rates of food insecurity. Frequently, households experiencing food insecurity turn to federal and emergency nutrition assistance for urgent or prolonged aid. This study analyzes factors influencing food insecurity and food assistance program involvement among Puerto Ricans in Holyoke, Massachusetts, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Using a combination of community-based participatory recruitment, purposive sampling, and web-based tools, we collected 284 survey responses. Our paper employed Pearson's chi-square, logistic regression, and hierarchical linear models to assess relationships between demographic and household attributes and food access outcomes. RESULTS: Variables such as having children in the household and age significantly influenced food relief participation and food insecurity outcomes. Puerto Rican heritage and low educational attainment were strong predictors of obtaining federal food aid. Low-income participants disproportionately faced food shortages and depended on emergency food initiatives. Our findings indicate that demographic and household factors significantly influence food insecurity and accessibility. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that the pandemic made it challenging for households to obtain consistent, safe, and affordable nourishment. The impacts were unequally spread; hence, Puerto Rican communities and low-income groups were most affected.

@article{doi103390nu16213666,
    author = "Treloar, Destiny and Taylor, Dorceta E. and Bell, Ashley",
    title = "Predictors of Food Insecurity and Food Assistance Program Usage Among Puerto Ricans Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Holyoke, Massachusetts",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Nutrients",
    abstract = "BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Puerto Rican households often face elevated rates of food insecurity. Frequently, households experiencing food insecurity turn to federal and emergency nutrition assistance for urgent or prolonged aid. This study analyzes factors influencing food insecurity and food assistance program involvement among Puerto Ricans in Holyoke, Massachusetts, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Using a combination of community-based participatory recruitment, purposive sampling, and web-based tools, we collected 284 survey responses. Our paper employed Pearson's chi-square, logistic regression, and hierarchical linear models to assess relationships between demographic and household attributes and food access outcomes. RESULTS: Variables such as having children in the household and age significantly influenced food relief participation and food insecurity outcomes. Puerto Rican heritage and low educational attainment were strong predictors of obtaining federal food aid. Low-income participants disproportionately faced food shortages and depended on emergency food initiatives. Our findings indicate that demographic and household factors significantly influence food insecurity and accessibility. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that the pandemic made it challenging for households to obtain consistent, safe, and affordable nourishment. The impacts were unequally spread; hence, Puerto Rican communities and low-income groups were most affected.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213666",
    doi = "10.3390/nu16213666",
    openalex = "W4403877299",
    references = "doi103389fpubh20241407005"
}

Combating food insecurity remains one of the primary objectives of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the 2030 horizon. However, crises as COVID-19 pandemic can jeopardize food security achievements. Thus, remittances constitute a way for households to smooth food consumption during a crisis. This study analyses the remittances received during the COVID-19 impact on food insecurity intensity in Benin. The study used data from a sample of 815 households collected by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) during the COVID-19. Endogenous Treatment Poisson Regression (ETPR) was applied to analyze the data. The outcomes reveal that age, sex, marital status and having a farmer in the household are the main determinants of remittances. Age, sex, marital status, and education level significantly influence household intensity of being food insecure. Moreover, the average treatment effect (ATE) and the average treatment on the treated (ATT) outcomes show that households suffer 2.054 times and 4.739 times less food insecurity, respectively, when they receive any money transfers from third parties to address the COVID-19 crisis. The results suggest that remittances serve as a crucial coping mechanism to address the COVID-19 adverse impact on food security. This underscores the significance of considering remittances as a supplementary measure to mitigate food insecurity, as they offer additional income.

@article{doi101007s44187025004659,
    author = "Monwanou, Djohodo Inès and Akpa, Armand Fréjuis",
    title = "The impact of remittances during the COVID-19 pandemic on household food insecurity in Benin",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "Discover Food",
    abstract = "Combating food insecurity remains one of the primary objectives of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the 2030 horizon. However, crises as COVID-19 pandemic can jeopardize food security achievements. Thus, remittances constitute a way for households to smooth food consumption during a crisis. This study analyses the remittances received during the COVID-19 impact on food insecurity intensity in Benin. The study used data from a sample of 815 households collected by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) during the COVID-19. Endogenous Treatment Poisson Regression (ETPR) was applied to analyze the data. The outcomes reveal that age, sex, marital status and having a farmer in the household are the main determinants of remittances. Age, sex, marital status, and education level significantly influence household intensity of being food insecure. Moreover, the average treatment effect (ATE) and the average treatment on the treated (ATT) outcomes show that households suffer 2.054 times and 4.739 times less food insecurity, respectively, when they receive any money transfers from third parties to address the COVID-19 crisis. The results suggest that remittances serve as a crucial coping mechanism to address the COVID-19 adverse impact on food security. This underscores the significance of considering remittances as a supplementary measure to mitigate food insecurity, as they offer additional income.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00465-9",
    doi = "10.1007/s44187-025-00465-9",
    openalex = "W4410850747",
    references = "doi101186s12889023174087"
}

BACKGROUND: Social needs of health, such as economic instability, food insecurity, social isolation, and inadequate access to care, significantly impact health outcomes and quality of life. People with epilepsy may face heightened challenges in these areas, but the extent of such disparities is not fully understood. This study investigates the association between epilepsy and economic instability, food insecurity, social isolation, and inadequate access to care to identify significant social and economic disparities impacting patient care. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of adult participants from the 2021 National Health Interview Survey was conducted. The primary outcomes were economic instability, food insecurity, social isolation, and inadequate access to care. Participants were categorized as having active epilepsy (currently receiving treatment), inactive epilepsy (diagnosed but not receiving treatment), or no epilepsy. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to assess associations between presence of epilepsy and social needs of health after controlling for age, sex, race, region, marriage/living status, education, insurance, and number of comorbidities. Factors contributing to disparities within the active epilepsy group were also analyzed. RESULTS: Of 26,794 participants, 240 (0.90 %) reported active epilepsy, 212 (0.79 %) inactive epilepsy, and 26,342 (98.3 %) no epilepsy. Compared to individuals with no epilepsy, those with active epilepsy had significantly higher rates of economic instability (81 % vs. 46 %; p < 0.001), food insecurity (37 % vs. 20 %; p < 0.001), social isolation (37 % vs. 8 %; p < 0.001), and inadequate access to care (88 % vs. 56 %; p < 0.001). Multivariable analyses confirmed these associations, with disparities also observed among individuals with inactive epilepsy. Factors such as age, race, marital status, education, and comorbidities were significantly associated with social needs of health among those with active epilepsy. SIGNIFICANCE: People with epilepsy experience substantial social and economic challenges, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted interventions to address these inequities and improve outcomes.

@article{doi101016jseizure202507012,
    author = "Afreen, Ryan and Alani, Omar and Elkersh, Yehia and Blank, Leah J and Habersham, Leah and Agarwal, Parul",
    title = "Economic instability, food insecurity, social isolation, and inadequate access to care in adults with epilepsy: A nationwide analysis.",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "Seizure",
    abstract = "BACKGROUND: Social needs of health, such as economic instability, food insecurity, social isolation, and inadequate access to care, significantly impact health outcomes and quality of life. People with epilepsy may face heightened challenges in these areas, but the extent of such disparities is not fully understood. This study investigates the association between epilepsy and economic instability, food insecurity, social isolation, and inadequate access to care to identify significant social and economic disparities impacting patient care. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of adult participants from the 2021 National Health Interview Survey was conducted. The primary outcomes were economic instability, food insecurity, social isolation, and inadequate access to care. Participants were categorized as having active epilepsy (currently receiving treatment), inactive epilepsy (diagnosed but not receiving treatment), or no epilepsy. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to assess associations between presence of epilepsy and social needs of health after controlling for age, sex, race, region, marriage/living status, education, insurance, and number of comorbidities. Factors contributing to disparities within the active epilepsy group were also analyzed. RESULTS: Of 26,794 participants, 240 (0.90 \%) reported active epilepsy, 212 (0.79 \%) inactive epilepsy, and 26,342 (98.3 \%) no epilepsy. Compared to individuals with no epilepsy, those with active epilepsy had significantly higher rates of economic instability (81 \% vs. 46 \%; p < 0.001), food insecurity (37 \% vs. 20 \%; p < 0.001), social isolation (37 \% vs. 8 \%; p < 0.001), and inadequate access to care (88 \% vs. 56 \%; p < 0.001). Multivariable analyses confirmed these associations, with disparities also observed among individuals with inactive epilepsy. Factors such as age, race, marital status, education, and comorbidities were significantly associated with social needs of health among those with active epilepsy. SIGNIFICANCE: People with epilepsy experience substantial social and economic challenges, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted interventions to address these inequities and improve outcomes.",
    url = "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40779840/",
    doi = "10.1016/j.seizure.2025.07.012",
    openalex = "W4413055556",
    pmid = "40779840",
    references = "doi101016jeplepsyres201308003, doi101016jyebeh201206016, doi101016jyebeh201510028, doi101016jyebeh201604003, doi101016jyebeh201702034, doi101111epi12942, doi101111epi17313, doi101111j00139580200424904x, doi1015585mmwrmm7121a1, openalexw12106092"
}

Background: Food security is a critical component of sustainable development, particularly concerning health and nutrition. Fisherman households often face food insecurity, which is strongly associated with poverty. Objective: This research aims to analyze factors related to household food security among fishermen in Cikahuripan village, Cisolok District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java. Methods: This study employs a cross-sectional study consisting of 100 fisherman households selected using random sampling techniques. Food security is measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). The independent variables in this study included the education levels of both the wife and husband, household income, nutrition knowledge, and their ages at the time of marriage. Results indicated that 80% of fisherman households were facing food insecurity. Household income (p = 0.046) and the age of the wife at the time of marriage (p = 0.047) were significantly related to food security. Conclusion: Enhancing skills training to improve economic capabilities and encouraging marriage at an ideal age are recommended to prevent food insecurity among fishermen households.

@article{doi101051bioconf202515304002,
    author = "Syahputri, Rofifah Irbah and Tanziha, Ikeu and Baliwati, Yayuk Farida and Puspita, Dyah Retna",
    title = "Factors influencing food security among fishermen households in West Java",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "BIO Web of Conferences",
    abstract = "Background: Food security is a critical component of sustainable development, particularly concerning health and nutrition. Fisherman households often face food insecurity, which is strongly associated with poverty. Objective: This research aims to analyze factors related to household food security among fishermen in Cikahuripan village, Cisolok District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java. Methods: This study employs a cross-sectional study consisting of 100 fisherman households selected using random sampling techniques. Food security is measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). The independent variables in this study included the education levels of both the wife and husband, household income, nutrition knowledge, and their ages at the time of marriage. Results indicated that 80\% of fisherman households were facing food insecurity. Household income (p = 0.046) and the age of the wife at the time of marriage (p = 0.047) were significantly related to food security. Conclusion: Enhancing skills training to improve economic capabilities and encouraging marriage at an ideal age are recommended to prevent food insecurity among fishermen households.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202515304002",
    doi = "10.1051/bioconf/202515304002",
    openalex = "W4406918464",
    references = "doi101186s12889023174087"
}

The study investigated the determinants of household income diversification and its effect on food security status among small-scale rural farmers in the Alfred Nzo District Municipality (ANDM). A cross-sectional descriptive research design was adopted in the study. A systematic random sampling method and structured questionnaire were utilized to collect data from 268 small-scale farmers in the ANDM. The data collection started from the first week of August to 30 September 2022. Stata version 14.0 was employed to analyse the factors influencing household income diversification, using a Tobit regression model. The gender of the household head, access to extension services, access to credit, access to social security grants, access to remittances, household head employment status, and household size were found to be the key determinants of household income diversification in the study area. The effect of household income diversification on food security was examined using the Multinational Logit regression model. The study found that the household income diversification reduces the likelihood of mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity. These findings indicate that households that diversified their sources of income had higher chances of being food secure. Workshops and access to finance are critical interventions to strengthen household resilience and food security.

@article{doi1010802331193220252568753,
    author = "Mbewana, Vusi and Kaseeram, Irrshad",
    title = "The effect of income diversification on household food security status among small-scale rural farmers in the Alfred Nzo District Municipality, South Africa",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "Cogent Food \& Agriculture",
    abstract = "The study investigated the determinants of household income diversification and its effect on food security status among small-scale rural farmers in the Alfred Nzo District Municipality (ANDM). A cross-sectional descriptive research design was adopted in the study. A systematic random sampling method and structured questionnaire were utilized to collect data from 268 small-scale farmers in the ANDM. The data collection started from the first week of August to 30 September 2022. Stata version 14.0 was employed to analyse the factors influencing household income diversification, using a Tobit regression model. The gender of the household head, access to extension services, access to credit, access to social security grants, access to remittances, household head employment status, and household size were found to be the key determinants of household income diversification in the study area. The effect of household income diversification on food security was examined using the Multinational Logit regression model. The study found that the household income diversification reduces the likelihood of mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity. These findings indicate that households that diversified their sources of income had higher chances of being food secure. Workshops and access to finance are critical interventions to strengthen household resilience and food security.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2025.2568753",
    doi = "10.1080/23311932.2025.2568753",
    openalex = "W4414946952",
    references = "doi101097fch0000000000000377"
}

While extensive research has established a link between food insecurity and adverse health and well-being outcomes, less attention has been given to factors that may moderate this relationship. This study examines whether a strong sense of community belonging can buffer the impact of food insecurity on mood and anxiety disorders, poor self-rated mental and general health, and low life satisfaction. Data were drawn from the 2017-2018 Canadian Community Health Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey conducted by Statistics Canada (N = 94,790). Findings from logistic regression models indicate that individuals experiencing food insecurity are more likely to report adverse health and well-being outcomes. A strong sense of community belonging moderates this relationship, reducing the harmful impacts of food insecurity across all measured outcomes. Gender-stratified analyses reveal that this protective effect is particularly pronounced for mental health outcomes-including mood disorder, anxiety disorder, and self-rated mental health-among women. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening community connections as a protective factor, especially in supporting women's mental health in food-insecure settings. For social work practice, these results highlight the need to promote community engagement and implement gender-sensitive interventions to address the unique vulnerabilities associated with food insecurity.

@article{doi101093swswaf041,
    author = "Chai, Lei",
    title = "The Moderating Role of Perceived Community Belonging in the Association between Food Insecurity and Health and Well-Being",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "Social Work",
    abstract = "While extensive research has established a link between food insecurity and adverse health and well-being outcomes, less attention has been given to factors that may moderate this relationship. This study examines whether a strong sense of community belonging can buffer the impact of food insecurity on mood and anxiety disorders, poor self-rated mental and general health, and low life satisfaction. Data were drawn from the 2017-2018 Canadian Community Health Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey conducted by Statistics Canada (N = 94,790). Findings from logistic regression models indicate that individuals experiencing food insecurity are more likely to report adverse health and well-being outcomes. A strong sense of community belonging moderates this relationship, reducing the harmful impacts of food insecurity across all measured outcomes. Gender-stratified analyses reveal that this protective effect is particularly pronounced for mental health outcomes-including mood disorder, anxiety disorder, and self-rated mental health-among women. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening community connections as a protective factor, especially in supporting women's mental health in food-insecure settings. For social work practice, these results highlight the need to promote community engagement and implement gender-sensitive interventions to address the unique vulnerabilities associated with food insecurity.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swaf041",
    doi = "10.1093/sw/swaf041",
    openalex = "W4416050749",
    references = "doi101097fch0000000000000377"
}

Extensive research has demonstrated the negative impact of food insecurity on mental health; however, the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship remain underexplored. Using data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (N = 25,703), this study investigates whether sleep problems mediate the relationship between food insecurity and mental health outcomes-specifically depressive and anxiety symptoms-and whether marital status moderates this relationship. The findings indicate that sleep problems partially mediate the effects of food insecurity on depressive and anxiety symptoms. In addition, the impact of sleep problems on these mental health outcomes is less severe among married individuals compared to their unmarried counterparts. However, marital status does not moderate the relationship between food insecurity and sleep problems, nor the relationship between food insecurity and mental health outcomes. The analysis of conditional indirect effects reveals a more pronounced mediation effect of sleep problems among unmarried individuals. These results suggest a partial protective role of marriage in mental health and underscore the importance of addressing sleep problems, particularly among unmarried individuals, in understanding the interplay between food insecurity, sleep problems, and mental health.

@article{doi101111cars70009,
    author = "Chai, Lei",
    title = "Food Insecurity and Mental Health: A Moderated Mediation Analysis.",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "Canadian review of sociology = Revue canadienne de sociologie",
    abstract = "Extensive research has demonstrated the negative impact of food insecurity on mental health; however, the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship remain underexplored. Using data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (N = 25,703), this study investigates whether sleep problems mediate the relationship between food insecurity and mental health outcomes-specifically depressive and anxiety symptoms-and whether marital status moderates this relationship. The findings indicate that sleep problems partially mediate the effects of food insecurity on depressive and anxiety symptoms. In addition, the impact of sleep problems on these mental health outcomes is less severe among married individuals compared to their unmarried counterparts. However, marital status does not moderate the relationship between food insecurity and sleep problems, nor the relationship between food insecurity and mental health outcomes. The analysis of conditional indirect effects reveals a more pronounced mediation effect of sleep problems among unmarried individuals. These results suggest a partial protective role of marriage in mental health and underscore the importance of addressing sleep problems, particularly among unmarried individuals, in understanding the interplay between food insecurity, sleep problems, and mental health.",
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12614137/",
    doi = "10.1111/cars.70009",
    openalex = "W4410209886",
    pmcid = "PMC12614137",
    pmid = "40342269",
    references = "doi101016027795369290259s, doi101016jsmrv2021101556, doi101016s2215036617303280, doi101017cbo9780511984945, doi10103700220167533372, doi101037002235145161173, doi101037003329091274472, doi101086339225, doi101097fch0000000000000377, openalexw1849190772"
}

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant problem globally. It is especially problematic in sub‐Saharan Africa, including Ghana. Some evidence suggests women living with HIV/AIDS (WLHIV) are more severely affected than others. A possible reason for their increased vulnerability is food insecurity. Food insecurity occurs when nutritionally adequate and safe foods are not available or inaccessible and is disproportionately high among WLHIV. The study examined the effects of food insecurity over the life course on IPV among WLHIV in Ghana. It used data from about 1,007 ever‐married Ghanaian WLHIV attending routine check‐ups in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Binary logit models examined the effects of food insecurity over the life course on physical, sexual, emotional, economic, and spiritual IPV. Both childhood and adulthood food insecurity were significantly associated with IPV. Women who experienced food insecurity in childhood and adulthood were significantly more likely to report all five types of IPV than those who did not. The largest association occurs when childhood food insecurity continues into adulthood. Our findings demonstrate the cumulative and intergenerational relationship between food insecurity and IPV among WLHIV in Ghana, thus calling for interventions to target children at risk.

@article{doi101111soin70023,
    author = "Tenkorang, Eric Y. and Owusu, Adobea Yaa",
    title = "Food Insecurity Over the Life Course and Intimate Partner Violence Among Women Living With HIV / AIDS in Ghana",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "Sociological Inquiry",
    abstract = "Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant problem globally. It is especially problematic in sub‐Saharan Africa, including Ghana. Some evidence suggests women living with HIV/AIDS (WLHIV) are more severely affected than others. A possible reason for their increased vulnerability is food insecurity. Food insecurity occurs when nutritionally adequate and safe foods are not available or inaccessible and is disproportionately high among WLHIV. The study examined the effects of food insecurity over the life course on IPV among WLHIV in Ghana. It used data from about 1,007 ever‐married Ghanaian WLHIV attending routine check‐ups in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Binary logit models examined the effects of food insecurity over the life course on physical, sexual, emotional, economic, and spiritual IPV. Both childhood and adulthood food insecurity were significantly associated with IPV. Women who experienced food insecurity in childhood and adulthood were significantly more likely to report all five types of IPV than those who did not. The largest association occurs when childhood food insecurity continues into adulthood. Our findings demonstrate the cumulative and intergenerational relationship between food insecurity and IPV among WLHIV in Ghana, thus calling for interventions to target children at risk.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.70023",
    doi = "10.1111/soin.70023",
    openalex = "W4412629478",
    references = "doi1010802641039720232181282"
}

<.001 for short sleep duration). Loneliness mediated all associations, explaining between 14.75% and 27.24% of the total effect.ConclusionPublic health interventions that address both food insecurity and loneliness may help improve sleep health.

@article{doi10117708901171251366077,
    author = "Chai, Lei and Lu, Zhuofei",
    title = "Loneliness as a Mediator in the Association Between Food Insecurity and Multiple Sleep Problems: Evidence From the 2021/22 UK Household Longitudinal Study",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "American Journal of Health Promotion",
    abstract = "<.001 for short sleep duration). Loneliness mediated all associations, explaining between 14.75\% and 27.24\% of the total effect.ConclusionPublic health interventions that address both food insecurity and loneliness may help improve sleep health.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1177/08901171251366077",
    doi = "10.1177/08901171251366077",
    openalex = "W4412957884",
    references = "doi101111cars70009"
}

BACKGROUND: Domestic violence and food insecurity are significant global health challenges, particularly during pregnancy, when both can adversely affect maternal and child health. Food insecurity may occur independently or as a consequence of domestic violence, yet their relationship remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the association between exposure to domestic violence perpetrated by intimate partners or by family members and food insecurity during pregnancy. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used baseline data from 2129 pregnant women attending routine antenatal care as part of an ongoing randomized controlled trial. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years, gestational age between 12 and 22 weeks, and consent to participate. Colour-Coded Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview method was administered via a computer tablet for data collection. Domestic violence was assessed using the Nepalese Abuse Assessment Screen and food insecurity using a modified Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. RESULTS: Of the participants, 12.9% reported food insecurity, and 6% reported experiencing some form of DV. Women reporting any domestic violence, domestic violence perpetrated by intimate partners only or by family members only had significantly higher odds of food insecurity after adjusting for socio-demographic, economic and obstetric factors [Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI): 2.5 (1.6-3.9), 3.3 (1.5-7.5) and 2.1 (1.2-3.5) respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: Domestic violence was strongly associated with food insecurity during pregnancy. Screening for domestic violence among food-insecure pregnant women and addressing underlying causes could mitigate risks to maternal and child health.

@article{doi101186s1288902523472y,
    author = "Chalise, Pratibha and Manandhar, Pratibha and Infanti, Jennifer J. and Henriksen, Lena and Pun, Kunta Devi and Rishal, Poonam and Skovlund, Eva and Swahnberg, Katarina and Schei, Berit and Lukasse, Mirjam",
    title = "Domestic violence and food insecurity among pregnant women in Nepal: a cross-sectional study",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "BMC Public Health",
    abstract = "BACKGROUND: Domestic violence and food insecurity are significant global health challenges, particularly during pregnancy, when both can adversely affect maternal and child health. Food insecurity may occur independently or as a consequence of domestic violence, yet their relationship remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the association between exposure to domestic violence perpetrated by intimate partners or by family members and food insecurity during pregnancy. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used baseline data from 2129 pregnant women attending routine antenatal care as part of an ongoing randomized controlled trial. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years, gestational age between 12 and 22 weeks, and consent to participate. Colour-Coded Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview method was administered via a computer tablet for data collection. Domestic violence was assessed using the Nepalese Abuse Assessment Screen and food insecurity using a modified Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. RESULTS: Of the participants, 12.9\% reported food insecurity, and 6\% reported experiencing some form of DV. Women reporting any domestic violence, domestic violence perpetrated by intimate partners only or by family members only had significantly higher odds of food insecurity after adjusting for socio-demographic, economic and obstetric factors [Adjusted Odds Ratio (95\% CI): 2.5 (1.6-3.9), 3.3 (1.5-7.5) and 2.1 (1.2-3.5) respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: Domestic violence was strongly associated with food insecurity during pregnancy. Screening for domestic violence among food-insecure pregnant women and addressing underlying causes could mitigate risks to maternal and child health.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23472-y",
    doi = "10.1186/s12889-025-23472-y",
    openalex = "W4411869682",
    references = "doi1010802641039720232181282"
}

BACKGROUND: Adequate nutrition during pregnancy is crucial for maternal and fetal health. This study aims to assess the nutritional status, food insecurity, and socio-demographic factors affecting the nutritional status of pregnant women in this region. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 903 pregnant women in Kailali district. Data were collected using structured questionnaires covering socio-demographic characteristics, food insecurity and knowledge of nutrition. Nutritional status was assessed using Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC). Statistical analysis was performed to identify associations between nutritional status and various factors. RESULTS: The majority of women (68.6%) had normal nutritional status (MUAC >23 cm), while 31.4% were either had severe or moderate malnutrition. Approximately 10% to 12% of participants reported food insecurity. A significant association was found between higher MUAC and factors such as sufficient nutrition knowledge, regular antenatal care visits, increased dietary intake, and a higher pre-pregnancy BMI. Ethnic disparities were also noted, with Dalit, Janjati, and Brahmin women having higher MUAC compared to Madeshi and Muslim women. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional deficiencies and food insecurity remain significant challenges for pregnant women in Kailali district. Strengthening nutrition education, improving food security, and promoting antenatal care can improve maternal nutrition and health outcomes.

@article{doi1033314jnhrcv23i024724,
    author = "Parajuli, Janaki and Mishra, Pradip and Joshi, Chetraj and Mishra, Bhusan and Subedi, Viplaw and Thapa, Narbada and Mahara, Bhupendra and Aryal, Umesh Raj",
    title = "Food Insecurity and Nutritional Status among Pregnant Women.",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "Journal of Nepal Health Research Council",
    abstract = "BACKGROUND: Adequate nutrition during pregnancy is crucial for maternal and fetal health. This study aims to assess the nutritional status, food insecurity, and socio-demographic factors affecting the nutritional status of pregnant women in this region. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 903 pregnant women in Kailali district. Data were collected using structured questionnaires covering socio-demographic characteristics, food insecurity and knowledge of nutrition. Nutritional status was assessed using Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC). Statistical analysis was performed to identify associations between nutritional status and various factors. RESULTS: The majority of women (68.6\%) had normal nutritional status (MUAC >23 cm), while 31.4\% were either had severe or moderate malnutrition. Approximately 10\% to 12\% of participants reported food insecurity. A significant association was found between higher MUAC and factors such as sufficient nutrition knowledge, regular antenatal care visits, increased dietary intake, and a higher pre-pregnancy BMI. Ethnic disparities were also noted, with Dalit, Janjati, and Brahmin women having higher MUAC compared to Madeshi and Muslim women. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional deficiencies and food insecurity remain significant challenges for pregnant women in Kailali district. Strengthening nutrition education, improving food security, and promoting antenatal care can improve maternal nutrition and health outcomes.",
    url = "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41319071/",
    doi = "10.33314/jnhrc.v23i02.4724",
    openalex = "W4415837146",
    pmid = "41319071"
}

The world is facing a food crisis and the goal of zero hunger is facing increased uncertainty. Promoting the transition from traditional to modern agriculture is important for improving agricultural productivity. Human capital is the central factor in driving the transformation of agricultural modernization. Agricultural specialization, as an important symptom of agricultural modernization, is closely linked to the human capital of the rural workforce. And, previous studies on food security have focused mainly on the area of food crops planted. Changes in the cropping structure within food crops have been neglected, and exploration from the perspective of specialized operations can fill this gap. And, few studies have integrated human capital levels with the development of agricultural social services. Therefore, the study uses large-scale micro-survey data representative of China, adopts the HHI to measure agricultural specialization, and empirically analyzes the impact of human capital on agricultural specialization and the role played by the level of agricultural socialization services in this process based on models such as OLS. Studies have shown that the human capital level of Chinese farmers is low, and there is still much room for improvement in the degree of agricultural specialization. The regression results show that human capital contributes significantly to agricultural specialization. The mechanism test show that human capital can promote the specialization by enhancing the agricultural social services. The impact of human capital on specialized operations varies significantly across regions, business scales, land transfer practices, and social network conditions. Therefore, we need to strengthen investment in the level of rural human capital and accelerate the training of new professional farmers. Agricultural infrastructure should be increased and the agricultural service supply system should be improved. Effectively strengthening the coverage of agricultural services and improving the ability of agricultural socialized service organizations to link up with and lead farmers. In addition, land transfers and moderate-scale operations should be promoted, thereby accelerating the process of agricultural modernization.

@article{doi103389fpubh20251633830,
    author = "Jin, Huishuang and Liu, Hui",
    title = "How does human capital affect food security? A perspective of specialization",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "Frontiers in Public Health",
    abstract = "The world is facing a food crisis and the goal of zero hunger is facing increased uncertainty. Promoting the transition from traditional to modern agriculture is important for improving agricultural productivity. Human capital is the central factor in driving the transformation of agricultural modernization. Agricultural specialization, as an important symptom of agricultural modernization, is closely linked to the human capital of the rural workforce. And, previous studies on food security have focused mainly on the area of food crops planted. Changes in the cropping structure within food crops have been neglected, and exploration from the perspective of specialized operations can fill this gap. And, few studies have integrated human capital levels with the development of agricultural social services. Therefore, the study uses large-scale micro-survey data representative of China, adopts the HHI to measure agricultural specialization, and empirically analyzes the impact of human capital on agricultural specialization and the role played by the level of agricultural socialization services in this process based on models such as OLS. Studies have shown that the human capital level of Chinese farmers is low, and there is still much room for improvement in the degree of agricultural specialization. The regression results show that human capital contributes significantly to agricultural specialization. The mechanism test show that human capital can promote the specialization by enhancing the agricultural social services. The impact of human capital on specialized operations varies significantly across regions, business scales, land transfer practices, and social network conditions. Therefore, we need to strengthen investment in the level of rural human capital and accelerate the training of new professional farmers. Agricultural infrastructure should be increased and the agricultural service supply system should be improved. Effectively strengthening the coverage of agricultural services and improving the ability of agricultural socialized service organizations to link up with and lead farmers. In addition, land transfers and moderate-scale operations should be promoted, thereby accelerating the process of agricultural modernization.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1633830",
    doi = "10.3389/fpubh.2025.1633830",
    openalex = "W4415959288",
    references = "doi103389fpubh20241407005"
}