Forest sandstone

@article{bandy1955the,
    author = "Bandy, M. C.",
    title = "The Somabula Forest Diamond Field Southern Rhodesia",
    year = "1955",
    journal = "Rocks \& Minerals",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1955.11767859",
    doi = "10.1080/00357529.1955.11767859",
    number = "9-10",
    pages = "464-471",
    volume = "30"
}

@article{brenan1964the,
    author = "Brenan, J. P. M. and White, F. and Angus, A.",
    title = "The Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia",
    year = "1964",
    journal = "Kew Bulletin",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/4113789",
    doi = "10.2307/4113789",
    number = "3",
    pages = "409",
    volume = "17"
}

@article{broadley1968an,
    author = "BROADLEY, D. G.",
    title = "AN EXCEPTIONAL FOREST COBRA FROM RHODESIA",
    year = "1968",
    journal = "The Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/04416651.1968.9650733",
    doi = "10.1080/04416651.1968.9650733",
    number = "1",
    pages = "30-30",
    volume = "4"
}

SUMMARY Defoliation of well-stocked, 10–12-year-old P. parula, and younger E. saligna/grandis and E. cloeziana standsby the larval stages of a geometrid moth Buzura edwardsi Walker, recently indicates that this is a potentially important forest pest in the Melsetter district, one of the major areas of pine and eucalypt afforestation in Rhodesia. Field observations of the habitsand life cycle of the pest and the damage it causes are recorded, as well as its biological control which, in normal seasons, appears to be adequate in keeping infestation at tolerable levels. However, the necessity is stressed for immediate specialist investigation into effecting permanent control of this economically important forest pest, preferably by biological means.

@article{doi1010800038216719689629181,
    author = "Stubbings, J. A.",
    title = "FIELD OBSERVATIONS OF BUZURA EDWARDSI WALKER (GEOMETRIDAE): A DEFOLIATING LOOPER ON PINUS PATULA AND EUCALYPTUS SPECIES IN THE MELSETTER DISTRICT OF RHODESIA",
    year = "1968",
    journal = "South African Forestry Journal",
    abstract = "SUMMARY Defoliation of well-stocked, 10–12-year-old P. parula, and younger E. saligna/grandis and E. cloeziana standsby the larval stages of a geometrid moth Buzura edwardsi Walker, recently indicates that this is a potentially important forest pest in the Melsetter district, one of the major areas of pine and eucalypt afforestation in Rhodesia. Field observations of the habitsand life cycle of the pest and the damage it causes are recorded, as well as its biological control which, in normal seasons, appears to be adequate in keeping infestation at tolerable levels. However, the necessity is stressed for immediate specialist investigation into effecting permanent control of this economically important forest pest, preferably by biological means.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00382167.1968.9629181",
    doi = "10.1080/00382167.1968.9629181",
    openalex = "W2033423887",
    references = "doi1010800375987319589630877"
}

@misc{openalexw308173551,
    author = "Barrett, Russell L. and Mullin, L. J.",
    title = "A review of introductions of forest trees in Rhodesia.",
    year = "1968",
    openalex = "W308173551"
}

@misc{raath1969a1,
    author = "Raath, M. A",
    title = "A new coelurosaurian dinosaur from the Forest Sandstone of Rhodesia",
    year = "1969",
    howpublished = "Arnoldia, v. 4, p. 1-25",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Raath, M. A., 1969, A new coelurosaurian dinosaur from the Forest Sandstone of Rhodesia: Arnoldia, v. 4, p. 1-25.}"
}

@article{barnes1976selection,
    author = "Barnes, R. D. and Mullin, L. J.",
    title = "Selection of Forest Tree Species in Rhodesia",
    year = "1976",
    journal = "South African Forestry Journal",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00382167.1976.9630464",
    doi = "10.1080/00382167.1976.9630464",
    number = "1",
    pages = "16-20",
    volume = "98"
}

@misc{crossref1997dry,
    title = "Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry: Uncompahgre National Forest",
    year = "1997",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150004",
    doi = "10.5962/bhl.title.150004"
}

ABSTRACT An unusual trace containing eggs of the 50 kg-plus theropod dinosaur, Troodon formosus, represents one of the best preserved dinosaur nests. This unique specimen (MOR 963) represents the actual nest structure and the direct product of Troodon behavior. The trace comes from the Campanian, Late Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana, and consists of a bowl-shaped depression with an internal area of ~1m2 surrounded by a distinct rim. A clutch of 24 tightly-placed eggs sat in the center and both nest and clutch show bilateral symmetry about a north–south axis. The trace occurs within a moderately well-developed micritic paleosol. A physically and chemically distinct mudstone covered the nest and represents overbank deposition. The nest protected the eggs by creating a suitable micro-environment during the lengthy egg-laying and incubation periods. Clutch and nest size, shape, and symmetry and low organic carbon of the overlying mudstone suggests brooding rather than incubation with vegetative cover, although the latter cannot be ruled out. The nest probably played no role in the post-hatching care of precocial Troodon young. Reproductive traits indicated by MOR 963 show that Troodon possessed plesiomorphies shared with crocodilians (some burial of eggs and lack of egg rotation), apomorphies shared with birds (open nests, exposed eggs, and incubation by a brooding adult), but also at least one unusual feature (steeply-inclined eggs) not found in either extant archosaur group. Some reproductive features typically associated with living birds first evolved within non-avian coelurosaurian theropods like Troodon.

@article{doi10108002724634199910011125,
    author = "Varricchio, David J. and Jackson, Frankie D. and Trueman, Clive N.",
    title = "A nesting trace with eggs for the Cretaceous theropod dinosaur Troodon formosus",
    year = "1999",
    journal = "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology",
    abstract = "ABSTRACT An unusual trace containing eggs of the 50 kg-plus theropod dinosaur, Troodon formosus, represents one of the best preserved dinosaur nests. This unique specimen (MOR 963) represents the actual nest structure and the direct product of Troodon behavior. The trace comes from the Campanian, Late Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana, and consists of a bowl-shaped depression with an internal area of \textasciitilde 1m2 surrounded by a distinct rim. A clutch of 24 tightly-placed eggs sat in the center and both nest and clutch show bilateral symmetry about a north–south axis. The trace occurs within a moderately well-developed micritic paleosol. A physically and chemically distinct mudstone covered the nest and represents overbank deposition. The nest protected the eggs by creating a suitable micro-environment during the lengthy egg-laying and incubation periods. Clutch and nest size, shape, and symmetry and low organic carbon of the overlying mudstone suggests brooding rather than incubation with vegetative cover, although the latter cannot be ruled out. The nest probably played no role in the post-hatching care of precocial Troodon young. Reproductive traits indicated by MOR 963 show that Troodon possessed plesiomorphies shared with crocodilians (some burial of eggs and lack of egg rotation), apomorphies shared with birds (open nests, exposed eggs, and incubation by a brooding adult), but also at least one unusual feature (steeply-inclined eggs) not found in either extant archosaur group. Some reproductive features typically associated with living birds first evolved within non-avian coelurosaurian theropods like Troodon.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1999.10011125",
    doi = "10.1080/02724634.1999.10011125",
    openalex = "W2026000490",
    references = "doi1010029780470698716, doi101007bf00344996, doi101016s0195667105800308, doi101038282296a0, doi101038378774a0, doi101038385247a0, doi10108002724634199510011271, doi101130spe216p1, doi10129879780300237856, openalexw657672288, sereno1997the"
}

@article{deklerk2000a,
    author = "De Klerk, William J. and Forster, Catherine A. and Sampson, Scott D. and Chinsamy, Anusuya and Ross, Callum F.",
    title = "A new coelurosaurian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of South Africa",
    year = "2000",
    journal = "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0324:ancdft]2.0.co;2",
    doi = "10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0324:ancdft]2.0.co;2",
    number = "2",
    pages = "324-332",
    volume = "20"
}

Extensive and well-preserved tracksites in the coastally exposed Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian–Barremian) Broome Sandstone of the Dampier Peninsula provide almost the entire fossil record of dinosaurs from the western half of the Australian continent. Tracks near the town of Broome were described in the late 1960s as Megalosauropus broomensis and attributed to a medium-sized theropod trackmaker. Brief reports in the early 1990s suggested the occurrence of at least another nine types of tracks, referable to theropod, sauropod, ornithopod, and thyreophoran trackmakers, at scattered tracksites spread over more than 80 km of coastline north of Broome, potentially representing one of the world's most diverse dinosaurian ichnofaunas. More recently, it has been proposed that this number could be as high as 16 and that the sites are spread over more than 200 km. However, the only substantial research that has been published on these more recent discoveries is a preliminary study of the sauropod tracks and an account of the ways in which the heavy passage of sauropod trackmakers may have shaped the Dampier Peninsula's Early Cretaceous landscape. With the other types of dinosaurian tracks in the Broome Sandstone remaining undescribed, and the full extent and nature of the Dampier Peninsula's dinosaurian tracksites yet to be adequately addressed, the overall scientific significance of the ichnofauna has remained enigmatic. At the request of the area's Goolarabooloo Traditional Custodians, 400+ hours of ichnological survey work was undertaken from 2011 to 2016 on the 25 km stretch of coastline in the Yanijarri–Lurujarri section of the Dampier Peninsula, inclusive of the coastline at Walmadany (James Price Point). Forty-eight discrete dinosaurian tracksites were identified in this area, and thousands of tracks were examined and measured in situ and using three-dimensional photogrammetry. Tracksites were concentrated in three main areas along the coast: Yanijarri in the north, Walmadany in the middle, and Kardilakan–Jajal Buru in the south. Lithofacies analysis revealed 16 repeated facies types that occurred in three distinctive lithofacies associations, indicative of an environmental transgression between the distal fluvial to deltaic portions of a large braid plain, with migrating sand bodies and periodic sheet floods. The main dinosaurian track-bearing horizons seem to have been generated between periodic sheet floods that blanketed the preexisting sand bodies within the braid plain portion of a tidally influenced delta, with much of the original, gently undulating topography now preserved over large expanses of the present day intertidal reef system. Of the tracks examined, 150 could be identified and are assignable to a least eleven and possibly as many as 21 different track types: five different types of theropod tracks, at least six types of sauropod tracks, four types of ornithopod tracks, and six types of thyreophoran tracks. Eleven of these track types can formally be assigned or compared to existing or new ichnotaxa, whereas the remaining ten represent morphotypes that, although distinct, are currently too poorly represented to confidently assign to existing or new ichnotaxa. Among the ichnotaxa that we have recognized, only two (Megalosauropus broomensis and Wintonopus latomorum) belong to existing ichnotaxa, and two compare to existing ichnotaxa but display a suite of morphological features suggesting that they may be distinct in their own right and are therefore placed in open nomenclature. Six of the ichnotaxa that we have identified are new: one theropod ichnotaxon, Yangtzepus clarkei, ichnosp. nov.; one sauropod ichnotaxon, Oobardjidama foulkesi, ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov.; two ornithopod ichnotaxa, Wintonopus middletonae, ichnosp. nov., and Walmadanyichnus hunteri, ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov.; and two thyreophoran ichnotaxa, Garbina roeorum, ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov., and Luluichnus mueckei, ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov. The level of diversity of the main track types is comparable across areas where tracksites are concentrated: Kardilakan–Jajal Buru (12), Walmadany (11), and Yanijarri (10). The overall diversity of the dinosaurian ichnofauna of the Broome Sandstone in the Yanijarri–Lurujarri section of the Dampier Peninsula is unparalleled in Australia, and even globally. In addition to being the primary record of non-avian dinosaurs in the western half of Australia, this ichnofauna provides our only detailed glimpse of Australia's dinosaurian fauna during the first half of the Early Cretaceous. It indicates that the general composition of Australia's mid-Cretaceous dinosaurian fauna was already in place by the Valanginian–Barremian. Both sauropods and ornithopods were diverse and abundant, and thyreophorans were the only type of quadrupedal ornithischians. Important aspects of the fauna that are not seen in the Australian mid-Cretaceous body fossil record are the presence of stegosaurians, an overall higher diversity of thyreophorans and theropods, and the presence of large-bodied hadrosauroid-like ornithopods and very large-bodied sauropods. In many respects, these differences suggest a holdover from the Late Jurassic, when the majority of dinosaurian clades had a more cosmopolitan distribution prior to the fragmentation of Pangea. Although the record for the Lower Cretaceous of Gondwana is sparse, a similar mix of taxa occurs in the Barremian–lower Aptian La Amarga Formation of Argentina and the Berriasian–Hauterivian Kirkwood Formation of South Africa. The persistence of this fauna across the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in South America, Africa, and Australia might be characteristic of Gondwanan dinosaurian faunas more broadly. It suggests that the extinction event that affected Laurasian dinosaurian faunas across the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary may not have been as extreme in Gondwana, and this difference may have foreshadowed the onset of Laurasian-Eurogondwanan provincialism. The disappearance of stegosaurians and the apparent drop in diversity of theropods by the mid-Cretaceous suggests that, similar to South America, Australia passed through a period of faunal turnover between the Valanginian and Aptian. SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP Citation for this article: Salisbury, S. W., A. Romilio, M. C. Herne, R. T. Tucker, and J. P. Nair. 2017. The dinosaurian ichnofauna of the Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian–Barremian) Broome Sandstone of the Walmadany area (James Price Point), Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 16. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36(6, Supplement). DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2016.1269539.

@article{doi1010800272463420161269539,
    author = "Salisbury, Steven W. and Romilio, Anthony and Herne, Matthew and Tucker, Ryan T. and Nair, Jay P.",
    title = "The Dinosaurian Ichnofauna of the Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian–Barremian) Broome Sandstone of the Walmadany Area (James Price Point), Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia",
    year = "2016",
    journal = "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology",
    abstract = "Extensive and well-preserved tracksites in the coastally exposed Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian–Barremian) Broome Sandstone of the Dampier Peninsula provide almost the entire fossil record of dinosaurs from the western half of the Australian continent. Tracks near the town of Broome were described in the late 1960s as Megalosauropus broomensis and attributed to a medium-sized theropod trackmaker. Brief reports in the early 1990s suggested the occurrence of at least another nine types of tracks, referable to theropod, sauropod, ornithopod, and thyreophoran trackmakers, at scattered tracksites spread over more than 80 km of coastline north of Broome, potentially representing one of the world's most diverse dinosaurian ichnofaunas. More recently, it has been proposed that this number could be as high as 16 and that the sites are spread over more than 200 km. However, the only substantial research that has been published on these more recent discoveries is a preliminary study of the sauropod tracks and an account of the ways in which the heavy passage of sauropod trackmakers may have shaped the Dampier Peninsula's Early Cretaceous landscape. With the other types of dinosaurian tracks in the Broome Sandstone remaining undescribed, and the full extent and nature of the Dampier Peninsula's dinosaurian tracksites yet to be adequately addressed, the overall scientific significance of the ichnofauna has remained enigmatic. At the request of the area's Goolarabooloo Traditional Custodians, 400+ hours of ichnological survey work was undertaken from 2011 to 2016 on the 25 km stretch of coastline in the Yanijarri–Lurujarri section of the Dampier Peninsula, inclusive of the coastline at Walmadany (James Price Point). Forty-eight discrete dinosaurian tracksites were identified in this area, and thousands of tracks were examined and measured in situ and using three-dimensional photogrammetry. Tracksites were concentrated in three main areas along the coast: Yanijarri in the north, Walmadany in the middle, and Kardilakan–Jajal Buru in the south. Lithofacies analysis revealed 16 repeated facies types that occurred in three distinctive lithofacies associations, indicative of an environmental transgression between the distal fluvial to deltaic portions of a large braid plain, with migrating sand bodies and periodic sheet floods. The main dinosaurian track-bearing horizons seem to have been generated between periodic sheet floods that blanketed the preexisting sand bodies within the braid plain portion of a tidally influenced delta, with much of the original, gently undulating topography now preserved over large expanses of the present day intertidal reef system. Of the tracks examined, 150 could be identified and are assignable to a least eleven and possibly as many as 21 different track types: five different types of theropod tracks, at least six types of sauropod tracks, four types of ornithopod tracks, and six types of thyreophoran tracks. Eleven of these track types can formally be assigned or compared to existing or new ichnotaxa, whereas the remaining ten represent morphotypes that, although distinct, are currently too poorly represented to confidently assign to existing or new ichnotaxa. Among the ichnotaxa that we have recognized, only two (Megalosauropus broomensis and Wintonopus latomorum) belong to existing ichnotaxa, and two compare to existing ichnotaxa but display a suite of morphological features suggesting that they may be distinct in their own right and are therefore placed in open nomenclature. Six of the ichnotaxa that we have identified are new: one theropod ichnotaxon, Yangtzepus clarkei, ichnosp. nov.; one sauropod ichnotaxon, Oobardjidama foulkesi, ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov.; two ornithopod ichnotaxa, Wintonopus middletonae, ichnosp. nov., and Walmadanyichnus hunteri, ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov.; and two thyreophoran ichnotaxa, Garbina roeorum, ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov., and Luluichnus mueckei, ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov. The level of diversity of the main track types is comparable across areas where tracksites are concentrated: Kardilakan–Jajal Buru (12), Walmadany (11), and Yanijarri (10). The overall diversity of the dinosaurian ichnofauna of the Broome Sandstone in the Yanijarri–Lurujarri section of the Dampier Peninsula is unparalleled in Australia, and even globally. In addition to being the primary record of non-avian dinosaurs in the western half of Australia, this ichnofauna provides our only detailed glimpse of Australia's dinosaurian fauna during the first half of the Early Cretaceous. It indicates that the general composition of Australia's mid-Cretaceous dinosaurian fauna was already in place by the Valanginian–Barremian. Both sauropods and ornithopods were diverse and abundant, and thyreophorans were the only type of quadrupedal ornithischians. Important aspects of the fauna that are not seen in the Australian mid-Cretaceous body fossil record are the presence of stegosaurians, an overall higher diversity of thyreophorans and theropods, and the presence of large-bodied hadrosauroid-like ornithopods and very large-bodied sauropods. In many respects, these differences suggest a holdover from the Late Jurassic, when the majority of dinosaurian clades had a more cosmopolitan distribution prior to the fragmentation of Pangea. Although the record for the Lower Cretaceous of Gondwana is sparse, a similar mix of taxa occurs in the Barremian–lower Aptian La Amarga Formation of Argentina and the Berriasian–Hauterivian Kirkwood Formation of South Africa. The persistence of this fauna across the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in South America, Africa, and Australia might be characteristic of Gondwanan dinosaurian faunas more broadly. It suggests that the extinction event that affected Laurasian dinosaurian faunas across the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary may not have been as extreme in Gondwana, and this difference may have foreshadowed the onset of Laurasian-Eurogondwanan provincialism. The disappearance of stegosaurians and the apparent drop in diversity of theropods by the mid-Cretaceous suggests that, similar to South America, Australia passed through a period of faunal turnover between the Valanginian and Aptian. SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP Citation for this article: Salisbury, S. W., A. Romilio, M. C. Herne, R. T. Tucker, and J. P. Nair. 2017. The dinosaurian ichnofauna of the Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian–Barremian) Broome Sandstone of the Walmadany area (James Price Point), Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 16. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36(6, Supplement). DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2016.1269539.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2016.1269539",
    doi = "10.1080/02724634.2016.1269539",
    openalex = "W2602833024",
    references = "apesteguía2011tunasniyoj, deklerk2000a, doi101002mmng19994860020102, doi101007bf02988144, doi1010160012825277900551, doi1010160012825279900011, doi1010160012825285900017, doi101016002532279290061l, doi101016jcretres200908003, doi101016jcretres201304001, doi101016jcretres201307009, doi101016jgr201403014, doi101016jjafrearsci201205005, doi101016jsedgeo200610001, doi101016s001678780180047x, doi101017cbo9780511626487, doi101038srep06196, doi101038srep19165, doi101038srep34467, doi101046j14401738200300386x, doi10108000288306197010418211, doi10108002724634199810011086, doi10108008912960903503345, doi10108010420940109380189, doi10108010420940490428625, doi10108010420940601006859, doi10108011035890902924877, doi1010801477201920151059985, doi101093oxfordjournalsafrafa100309, doi101111j10963642201000620x, doi101111j10963642201000642x, doi101130g23452a1, doi101139e91009, doi101144pygs543185, doi101306212f83b92b2411d78648000102c1865d, doi101371journalpone0013120, doi101371journalpone0072579, doi101371journalpone0137709, doi1022179revmacn7344, doi1026879529, doi104095105049, doi104202app20080049, foster1995tridactyl, mateus2010a, nouri2011tetradactyl, openalexw1564145569, openalexw1592791648, openalexw2173200745, openalexw2618301958, openalexw2619609965, openalexw616953834"
}

ABSTRACT Microbially induced sedimentary structures may help preserve unique glimpses of ancient shoreline habitats, but are little known from Mesozoic epicontinental settings. To help fill this knowledge gap, we describe a diverse suite of microbial structures from the Upper Cretaceous “J” Sandstone (South Platte Formation, Dakota Group) that are spectacularly exposed at Dinosaur Ridge in Morrison, Colorado, USA. Structures include “tattered” bed surfaces and ferruginous sand chips in supratidal flat facies. A large over-flip structure is preserved in a channel locally known as Crocodile Creek. In upper-intertidal facies, multidirectional ripple marks occur. Perhaps the most well-known microbial structures are exposed on extensive bedding surfaces known as “Slimy Beach,” where lower supratidal-flat facies are dominated by decimeter-scale erosional remnants and pockets. Morphologies and superposition of the structures allows identification of three generations of erosional pockets. Generation A of these erosional pockets exhibit size similarities to ornithomimid, sauropod, and ornithopod dinosaur tracks from adjacent bedding planes, raising the question of whether initial disturbance of the mat-bound surface could have been from track making. Generation B erosional pockets are older and record continuous erosion of the initial pockets until they were eventually overgrown and sealed by microbial mats. Generation C pockets are the oldest ones, exposing wide areas of barren sediment that could not be overgrown by microbial mats anymore. In concert, the microbial structures point to seasonally variable meteorological conditions along the coastline of the Western Interior Seaway and indicate that the “Slimy Beach” bedding plane represents a multi-year record of dinosaur locomotion.

@article{doi102110jsr201957,
    author = "Noffke, Nora and Hagadorn, James W. and Bartlett, Sam",
    title = "Microbial structures and dinosaur trackways from a Cretaceous coastal environment (Dakota Group, Colorado, U.S.A.)",
    year = "2019",
    journal = "Journal of Sedimentary Research",
    abstract = "ABSTRACT Microbially induced sedimentary structures may help preserve unique glimpses of ancient shoreline habitats, but are little known from Mesozoic epicontinental settings. To help fill this knowledge gap, we describe a diverse suite of microbial structures from the Upper Cretaceous “J” Sandstone (South Platte Formation, Dakota Group) that are spectacularly exposed at Dinosaur Ridge in Morrison, Colorado, USA. Structures include “tattered” bed surfaces and ferruginous sand chips in supratidal flat facies. A large over-flip structure is preserved in a channel locally known as Crocodile Creek. In upper-intertidal facies, multidirectional ripple marks occur. Perhaps the most well-known microbial structures are exposed on extensive bedding surfaces known as “Slimy Beach,” where lower supratidal-flat facies are dominated by decimeter-scale erosional remnants and pockets. Morphologies and superposition of the structures allows identification of three generations of erosional pockets. Generation A of these erosional pockets exhibit size similarities to ornithomimid, sauropod, and ornithopod dinosaur tracks from adjacent bedding planes, raising the question of whether initial disturbance of the mat-bound surface could have been from track making. Generation B erosional pockets are older and record continuous erosion of the initial pockets until they were eventually overgrown and sealed by microbial mats. Generation C pockets are the oldest ones, exposing wide areas of barren sediment that could not be overgrown by microbial mats anymore. In concert, the microbial structures point to seasonally variable meteorological conditions along the coastline of the Western Interior Seaway and indicate that the “Slimy Beach” bedding plane represents a multi-year record of dinosaur locomotion.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2019.57",
    doi = "10.2110/jsr.2019.57",
    openalex = "W2989574286",
    references = "doi101016jearscirev200810005, doi101016jjmarsys200405013, doi101016s0037073800000981, doi101038srep18952, doi101046j13653091200000284x, doi10108008912960903503345, doi10108010420940802471027, doi101111j13653091201101278x, doi101146annurevearth271313, doi101371journalpone0126946, openalexw431002082"
}

@inproceedings{andbuntin2025a,
    author = "Buntin, Rogers and Moklestad, Tom and Matthews, Neffra A. and Breithaupt, Brent H. and Murphey, Paul and Kapinos, Ian and Noffke, Nora",
    title = "A NEW THEROPOD DINOSAUR LEK IN THE LATE CRETACEOUS (CENOMANIAN) DAKOTA SANDSTONE AT DINOSAUR RIDGE, COLORADO, USA",
    year = "2025",
    booktitle = "Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2025se-407705",
    doi = "10.1130/abs/2025se-407705"
}

@article{buntin2025a,
    author = "Buntin, Rogers C.C. and Moklestad, Tom and Matthews, Neffra A. and Breithaupt, Brent and Murphey, Paul C. and Kapinos, Ian and Noffke, Nora",
    title = "A new theropod dinosaur lek in the Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone (Dinosaur Ridge, Colorado, USA)",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "Cretaceous Research",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106176",
    doi = "10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106176",
    pages = "106176",
    volume = "176"
}