Metamorphism

@misc{stewart1963marine,
    author = "Stewart, F.H.",
    title = "Marine evaporites",
    year = "1963",
    booktitle = "Professional Paper",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.3133/pp440y",
    doi = "10.3133/pp440y",
    openalex = "W4255115523",
    references = "doi101021ja01290a039, doi101086625749, doi101093aibsbulletin5512c, doi1013060bda593916bd11d78645000102c1865d, doi1013063d9336d816b111d78645000102c1865d, doi1013063d93397116b111d78645000102c1865d, doi1013065ceae07c16bb11d78645000102c1865d, doi102475ajs2388559, doi102475ajs25112884, doi102475ajs2544227"
}

ABSTRACT The Upper Miocene Solfifera Series of Sicily contains very coarse, massive selenite; parallel laminated gypsum; wavy, stromatolitic laminated gypsum; planar‐ and ripple cross‐laminated gypsum‐skeletal calcite sandstones; flat‐pebble and fining‐upward gypsum conglomerates; and nodular gypsum. The assemblage of sedimentary features indicates deposition—much of it detrital—in a shallow lagoon‐littoral flat complex. Using modern tidal flats as a guide, we interpret the laminations to form when onshore storms flood the shore‐line area with sediment‐charged seawater. Algal mats bind the newly deposited gypsiferous layer. Flat‐pebble conglomerates are formed when storm waves rip up mudcracked, algally‐bound laminated sediment. The gypsum nodules are similar to the anhydrite nodules of the modern Persian Gulf sabkhas. They form within sub‐aerially exposed skeletal sand just above the groundwater table. The gypsum sandstones accumulated periodically in very shallow shoals formed by wind‐driven currents. Large selenite crystals grew in increments during deposition, as indicated by flat‐topped pockets of gypsum sand between selenite crystals, selenite crystals draped by algal laminations, and intraformational conglomerates of selenite fragments. We believe this model of very shallow strand‐line lagoonal accumulation, partly detrital and partly diagenetic, may apply to the early stages of many ancient marine evaporite deposits.

@article{doi101111j136530911971tb00228x,
    author = "Hardie, Lawrence A. and Eugster, Hans P.",
    title = "THE DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF MARINE EVAPORITES: A CASE FOR SHALLOW, CLASTIC ACCUMULATION",
    year = "1971",
    journal = "Sedimentology",
    abstract = "ABSTRACT The Upper Miocene Solfifera Series of Sicily contains very coarse, massive selenite; parallel laminated gypsum; wavy, stromatolitic laminated gypsum; planar‐ and ripple cross‐laminated gypsum‐skeletal calcite sandstones; flat‐pebble and fining‐upward gypsum conglomerates; and nodular gypsum. The assemblage of sedimentary features indicates deposition—much of it detrital—in a shallow lagoon‐littoral flat complex. Using modern tidal flats as a guide, we interpret the laminations to form when onshore storms flood the shore‐line area with sediment‐charged seawater. Algal mats bind the newly deposited gypsiferous layer. Flat‐pebble conglomerates are formed when storm waves rip up mudcracked, algally‐bound laminated sediment. The gypsum nodules are similar to the anhydrite nodules of the modern Persian Gulf sabkhas. They form within sub‐aerially exposed skeletal sand just above the groundwater table. The gypsum sandstones accumulated periodically in very shallow shoals formed by wind‐driven currents. Large selenite crystals grew in increments during deposition, as indicated by flat‐topped pockets of gypsum sand between selenite crystals, selenite crystals draped by algal laminations, and intraformational conglomerates of selenite fragments. We believe this model of very shallow strand‐line lagoonal accumulation, partly detrital and partly diagenetic, may apply to the early stages of many ancient marine evaporite deposits.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1971.tb00228.x",
    doi = "10.1111/j.1365-3091.1971.tb00228.x",
    openalex = "W2009941242",
    references = "doi101002gj3350040201, doi101086625710, doi101086627283, doi101111j136530911969tb00161x, doi101126science1693941171, doi1013065d25c80116c111d78645000102c1865d, doi10130674d71be52b2111d78648000102c1865d, doi10130674d71f322b2111d78648000102c1865d, doi102110pec65080084, openalexw2266359591"
}

@article{taylor1974marine,
    author = "Taylor, J.C.M.",
    title = "Marine evaporites: Origin, diagenesis, and geochemistry",
    year = "1974",
    journal = "Chemical Geology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(74)90106-5",
    doi = "10.1016/0009-2541(74)90106-5",
    number = "1-2",
    openalex = "W256055670",
    pages = "144-146",
    volume = "14"
}

@incollection{winkler1974from,
    author = "Winkler, Helmut G. F.",
    title = "From Diagenesis to Metamorphism",
    year = "1974",
    booktitle = "Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-9828-1\_2",
    doi = "10.1007/978-1-4612-9828-1\_2",
    openalex = "W4234014265",
    pages = "9-14",
    references = "doi101007bf00593292, doi1010160012825268901876, doi1010160016703750900081, doi1010160024493771901228, doi101016s0070457109062128, doi102475ajs2639807"
}

@article{ramp1975marine,
    author = "Ramp, O.B.",
    title = "Marine evaporites: origin, diagenesis, and geochemistry",
    year = "1975",
    journal = "Earth-Science Reviews",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(75)90083-5",
    doi = "10.1016/0012-8252(75)90083-5",
    number = "1",
    openalex = "W2080704649",
    pages = "85-86",
    volume = "11"
}

@article{schmalz1975marine,
    author = "SCHMALZ, R. F.",
    title = "Marine Evaporites",
    year = "1975",
    journal = "Soil Science",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-197506000-00017",
    doi = "10.1097/00010694-197506000-00017",
    number = "6",
    openalex = "W2029677102",
    pages = "473",
    volume = "119"
}

@incollection{winkler1976from,
    author = "Winkler, Helmut G. F.",
    title = "From Diagenesis to Metamorphism",
    year = "1976",
    booktitle = "Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9633-2\_2",
    doi = "10.1007/978-1-4615-9633-2\_2",
    openalex = "W4233916287",
    pages = "9-14",
    references = "doi101007bf00593292, doi1010160016703750900081, doi1010160024493771901228, doi101016b9780080066288500290, doi101016s0070457109062128, doi102475ajs2639807"
}

@misc{braitsch1978marine1,
    author = "Braitsch, O. and Kinsman, D. J",
    title = "Marine evaporites--diagenesis and metamorphism, in Fairbridge, R. W., and Bourgeois, J., eds., The Encyclopedia of Sedimentology",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "Stroudsburg, Pa., Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, p. 464-468",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Braitsch, O., and Kinsman, D. J., 1978, Marine evaporites--diagenesis and metamorphism, in Fairbridge, R. W., and Bourgeois, J., eds., The Encyclopedia of Sedimentology: Stroudsburg, Pa., Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, p. 464-468.}"
}

@incollection{winkler1979from,
    author = "Winkler, Helmut G. F.",
    title = "From Diagenesis to Metamorphism",
    year = "1979",
    booktitle = "Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4215-2\_2",
    doi = "10.1007/978-1-4757-4215-2\_2",
    openalex = "W4229741835",
    pages = "9-14",
    references = "doi101007bf00593292, doi1010160016703750900081, doi1010160024493771901228, doi101016b9780080066288500290, doi102475ajs2639807"
}

@incollection{crossref1985marine,
    title = "Marine Evaporites",
    year = "1985",
    booktitle = "Developments in Economic Geology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-42530-0.50028-7",
    doi = "10.1016/b978-0-444-42530-0.50028-7",
    openalex = "W4248087338",
    pages = "663-672"
}

Evaporites were classified on the basis of their environmental relationships, particularly with respect to the under- and over-lying sedimentary sequences. The scope of knowledge that went into establishing this classification was limited to deposits developed in cratonic (continental crust) areas of the world. The advent of the concept of sea-floor spreading, together with new data collected by the Deep Sea Drilling Project and extensive submarine seismic surveys, both on the continental margins and in the deep-sea, enables us to classify evaporitic sediments on the basis of tectonic settings as well as sediment affinities. The various divisions are in a sense artificial; the one classification readily overlaps with the other, and each of the groupings may grade through time and space.

@misc{crossref1987marine,
    title = "Marine Evaporites",
    year = "1987",
    abstract = "Evaporites were classified on the basis of their environmental relationships, particularly with respect to the under- and over-lying sedimentary sequences. The scope of knowledge that went into establishing this classification was limited to deposits developed in cratonic (continental crust) areas of the world. The advent of the concept of sea-floor spreading, together with new data collected by the Deep Sea Drilling Project and extensive submarine seismic surveys, both on the continental margins and in the deep-sea, enables us to classify evaporitic sediments on the basis of tectonic settings as well as sediment affinities. The various divisions are in a sense artificial; the one classification readily overlaps with the other, and each of the groupings may grade through time and space.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2110/scn.78.04",
    doi = "10.2110/scn.78.04",
    openalex = "W4237633225"
}

@incollection{dean2014marine,
    author = "Dean, Walter E.",
    title = "Marine Evaporites",
    year = "2014",
    booktitle = "Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6644-0\_188-1",
    doi = "10.1007/978-94-007-6644-0\_188-1",
    openalex = "W4248070985",
    pages = "1-10",
    references = "doi1010073540323449, doi101016jearscirev200911004, doi101016jpalaeo200603044, doi101016jsedgeo200602005, doi101016s0012825202001101, doi101038242240a0, doi101046j13653091200000002x, doi101126science441146863, doi101126science491266337, doi10130674d71be52b2111d78648000102c1865d"
}