Naturalism

@article{feigl1949naturalism,
    author = "Feigl, Herbert",
    title = "Naturalism and Humanism",
    year = "1949",
    journal = "American Quarterly",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/3031261",
    doi = "10.2307/3031261",
    number = "2",
    pages = "135",
    volume = "1"
}

@incollection{feigl1953the1,
    author = "Feigl, H",
    editor = "Feigl, H. and Brodbeck, M.",
    title = "The Scientific Outlook: Naturalism and Humanism",
    year = "1953",
    booktitle = "Readings in the Philosophy of Science",
    publisher = "New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, p. 8-18; First published in American Quarterly, Volume 1, 1949",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Feigl, H., 1953, The Scientific Outlook: Naturalism and Humanism, in Feigl, H., and Brodbeck, M., eds., Readings in the Philosophy of Science: New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, p. 8-18; First published in American Quarterly, Volume 1, 1949.}"
}

@incollection{crossref1974humanism,
    title = "Humanism, Technology, Naturalism",
    year = "1974",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the XVth World Congress of Philosophy",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5840/wcp151974342",
    doi = "10.5840/wcp151974342",
    pages = "193-196"
}

@incollection{feigl1981naturalism,
    author = "Feigl, Herbert",
    title = "Naturalism and Humanism",
    year = "1981",
    booktitle = "Inquiries and Provocations",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9426-9\_20",
    doi = "10.1007/978-94-010-9426-9\_20",
    pages = "366-377"
}

Naturalism is a worldview that rejects supernatural events and affirms that a complete account of reality can be given by entities and processes that occur in the natural world. It has a political, moral and spiritual dimension compatible with the Humanist Manifesto. In this paper, I present a description of naturalism based on recent developments in physics and biology. In my view, naturalism is based on scientific realism and accepts indeterminism as postulated by quantum mechanics. Because I cannot prove that only physical entities populate the world, I embrace methodological rather than ontological naturalism. I believe that complex systems exhibit behaviors such as emergence and chaos that can only be explained by non-reductive physicalism. We do not know the origin of life or the universe but there are many plausible theories under investigation. The theory of evolution is the best explanation we have for the amazing variety and complexity in the living world. It is unclear how brain events cause mind events; I suspect that mind is an emergent property of neural circuits in the brain. Religious beliefs have a socialevolutionary origin; I am an agnostic who rejects positive atheism and agrees that science may be compatible with Deism, pantheism and some liberal religions.

@article{pérez2013naturalism,
    author = "Pérez, Guido O.",
    title = "NATURALISM AND HUMANISM",
    year = "2013",
    journal = "Essays in the Philosophy of Humanism",
    abstract = "Naturalism is a worldview that rejects supernatural events and affirms that a complete account of reality can be given by entities and processes that occur in the natural world. It has a political, moral and spiritual dimension compatible with the Humanist Manifesto. In this paper, I present a description of naturalism based on recent developments in physics and biology. In my view, naturalism is based on scientific realism and accepts indeterminism as postulated by quantum mechanics. Because I cannot prove that only physical entities populate the world, I embrace methodological rather than ontological naturalism. I believe that complex systems exhibit behaviors such as emergence and chaos that can only be explained by non-reductive physicalism. We do not know the origin of life or the universe but there are many plausible theories under investigation. The theory of evolution is the best explanation we have for the amazing variety and complexity in the living world. It is unclear how brain events cause mind events; I suspect that mind is an emergent property of neural circuits in the brain. Religious beliefs have a socialevolutionary origin; I am an agnostic who rejects positive atheism and agrees that science may be compatible with Deism, pantheism and some liberal religions.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1558/eph.v18i2.1",
    doi = "10.1558/eph.v18i2.1",
    number = "2",
    pages = "1-16",
    volume = "18"
}

@incollection{crossref2017naturalism,
    title = "Naturalism, Secularism, and Humanism",
    year = "2017",
    booktitle = "Multi-Secularism",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315124889-10",
    doi = "10.4324/9781315124889-10",
    pages = "35-40"
}

@article{shermer2017scientific,
    author = "Shermer, Michael",
    title = "Scientific Naturalism: A Manifesto for Enlightenment Humanism",
    year = "2017",
    journal = "Theology and Science",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/14746700.2017.1335060",
    doi = "10.1080/14746700.2017.1335060",
    number = "3",
    pages = "220-230",
    volume = "15"
}

In this chapter, the author presents the Marx-Hegel dialogue, a retracing of Hegel's system of philosophy and Marx's criticism of the absolute notion of Hegel's system of philosophy. Of particular importance is the emphasis placed on the nature of historical reality and the essence of alienation which arises in humans during periods of societal change. In this chapter, attention is drawn to the important role of philosophy in guiding the society to rethink the ontological and anthropological importance of human beings and the creation of new forms of life with a unique non-biological ontological basis.

@incollection{crossref2022philosophical,
    title = "Philosophical Foundations for Establishing Scientific Humanism as Naturalism",
    year = "2022",
    booktitle = "Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology",
    abstract = "In this chapter, the author presents the Marx-Hegel dialogue, a retracing of Hegel's system of philosophy and Marx's criticism of the absolute notion of Hegel's system of philosophy. Of particular importance is the emphasis placed on the nature of historical reality and the essence of alienation which arises in humans during periods of societal change. In this chapter, attention is drawn to the important role of philosophy in guiding the society to rethink the ontological and anthropological importance of human beings and the creation of new forms of life with a unique non-biological ontological basis.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9231-1.ch001",
    doi = "10.4018/978-1-7998-9231-1.ch001",
    pages = "1-26"
}

This chapter is dedicated to the robots in historical reality of scientific humanism as naturalism. Robots as posthuman descendants and heirs of man occupy the reality of scientific humanism, performing today, admittedly in conception, most human affairs. The discussion of cyborgization in the arts, increasing integration of robots in society, and future possibilities covered in the remaining chapters entrenches the case for cyborgoethics by demonstrating the popularization of cyborgs in areas of life and society.

@incollection{crossref2022robots,
    title = "Robots in the Historical Reality of Scientific Humanism as Naturalism",
    year = "2022",
    booktitle = "Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology",
    abstract = "This chapter is dedicated to the robots in historical reality of scientific humanism as naturalism. Robots as posthuman descendants and heirs of man occupy the reality of scientific humanism, performing today, admittedly in conception, most human affairs. The discussion of cyborgization in the arts, increasing integration of robots in society, and future possibilities covered in the remaining chapters entrenches the case for cyborgoethics by demonstrating the popularization of cyborgs in areas of life and society.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9231-1.ch008",
    doi = "10.4018/978-1-7998-9231-1.ch008",
    pages = "232-264"
}

In this essay, I maintain that although atheism, minimally construed, consists simply of the belief that there is no God or gods, atheists must embrace a secular worldview of one kind or another. Since they cannot be without a worldview, atheists must develop an alternative to the religious, especially the theistic, worldviews which they, by implication, reject. Further, I argue that there are, at the very least, two options available to atheists and that these should not be conflated or treated as one and the same. The two options that I explore and distinguish are scientism and secular humanism. I also maintain that the things that might count as good grounds for or against secular or religious worldviews are shaped significantly by whether atheists embrace scientism or secular humanism.

@article{stenmark2022secular,
    author = "Stenmark, Mikael",
    title = "Secular Worldviews: Scientific Naturalism and Secular Humanism",
    year = "2022",
    journal = "European Journal for Philosophy of Religion",
    abstract = "In this essay, I maintain that although atheism, minimally construed, consists simply of the belief that there is no God or gods, atheists must embrace a secular worldview of one kind or another. Since they cannot be without a worldview, atheists must develop an alternative to the religious, especially the theistic, worldviews which they, by implication, reject. Further, I argue that there are, at the very least, two options available to atheists and that these should not be conflated or treated as one and the same. The two options that I explore and distinguish are scientism and secular humanism. I also maintain that the things that might count as good grounds for or against secular or religious worldviews are shaped significantly by whether atheists embrace scientism or secular humanism.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.2022.3640",
    doi = "10.24204/ejpr.2022.3640",
    number = "4",
    volume = "14"
}