Orogeny

@misc{schumm1963the,
    author = "Schumm, Stanley Alfred",
    title = "The disparity between present rates of denudation and orogeny",
    year = "1963",
    booktitle = "Professional Paper",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.3133/pp454h",
    doi = "10.3133/pp454h"
}

@misc{schumm1963the1,
    author = "Schumm, S. A",
    title = "The disparity between present rates of denudation and orogeny",
    year = "1963",
    howpublished = "United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, v. 454-H, p. 1-13",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Schumm, S. A., 1963, The disparity between present rates of denudation and orogeny: United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, v. 454-H, p. 1-13.}"
}

@article{ritter1967rates,
    author = "Ritter, Dale F.",
    title = "Rates of Denudation",
    year = "1967",
    journal = "Journal of Geological Education",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5408/0022-1368-xv.4.154",
    doi = "10.5408/0022-1368-xv.4.154",
    number = "4",
    pages = "154-159",
    volume = "15"
}

@article{harbor1992glaciation,
    author = "HARBOR, JON and WARBURTON, JEFF",
    title = "Glaciation and denudation rates",
    year = "1992",
    journal = "Nature",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/356751a0",
    doi = "10.1038/356751a0",
    number = "6372",
    pages = "751-751",
    volume = "356"
}

@article{liu2000rates,
    author = "Liu, T.-K and Chen, Y.-G and Chen, W.-S and Jiang, S.-H",
    title = "Rates of cooling and denudation of the Early Penglai Orogeny, Taiwan, as assessed by fission-track constraints",
    year = "2000",
    journal = "Tectonophysics",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(00)00028-7",
    doi = "10.1016/s0040-1951(00)00028-7",
    number = "1",
    pages = "69-82",
    volume = "320"
}

Paper presents a simple mathematical model, which enables study of denudation rates in karst. A vertical flow of water which is uniformly infiltrated at the surface is assumed. Denudation rate is calculated from the time needed to remove certain thickness of rock. This is done concretely on a limestone block dissected by a vertical array of fractures. It is shown that denudation rate increases with the thickness of removed layer and approaches an upper limit which is defined by the maximum denudation equations, which are based on assumption that all dissolution potential is projected into a surface lowering

@article{gabrovšek2007on,
    author = "Gabrovšek, Franci",
    title = "On Denudation Rates in Karst",
    year = "2007",
    journal = "Acta Carsologica",
    abstract = "Paper presents a simple mathematical model, which enables study of denudation rates in karst. A vertical flow of water which is uniformly infiltrated at the surface is assumed. Denudation rate is calculated from the time needed to remove certain thickness of rock. This is done concretely on a limestone block dissected by a vertical array of fractures. It is shown that denudation rate increases with the thickness of removed layer and approaches an upper limit which is defined by the maximum denudation equations, which are based on assumption that all dissolution potential is projected into a surface lowering",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v36i1.203",
    doi = "10.3986/ac.v36i1.203",
    number = "1",
    volume = "36"
}

@article{selby2008rates,
    author = "Selby, M. J.",
    title = "Rates of Denudation",
    year = "2008",
    journal = "New Zealand Journal of Geography",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0028-8292.1974.tb00519.x",
    doi = "10.1111/j.0028-8292.1974.tb00519.x",
    number = "1",
    pages = "1-13",
    volume = "56"
}

@incollection{binnie201376,
    author = "Binnie, S.A. and Summerfield, M.A.",
    title = "7.6 Rates of Denudation",
    year = "2013",
    booktitle = "Treatise on Geomorphology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374739-6.00149-4",
    doi = "10.1016/b978-0-12-374739-6.00149-4",
    pages = "66-72"
}

@article{fernandes2020human,
    author = "Fernandes, Alexandre Martins and da Conceição, Fabiano Tomazini and Spatti Júnior, Eder Paulo and Couto Júnior, Antonio Aparecido and Hissler, Christophe and Mortatti, Jefferson",
    title = "Human influences on the present denudation rates of the Paulista Peripheral Depression, Brazil",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Geomorphology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.106955",
    doi = "10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.106955",
    pages = "106955",
    volume = "351"
}

The Earth surface, where life develops and stands, is strongly affected by denudation which is the sum of physical erosion and chemical weathering. Denudation impacts soil formation and agriculture, affects the relief stability and, at the geological time scale, controls the atmospheric CO2 via the weathering of silicates and the production of sediments that later bury organic matter in the oceans. In the context of global warming, it is particularly important to predict how denudation will change and hence impact the Earth Surface where we live. This requires to understand the links between past climate variability and denudation changes, especially during the Quaternary when Earth experienced rapid climate oscillations of amplitude similar to what is expected in the future due to anthropic impact. To reach this goal, quantitative estimate of past denudation rates during the Quaternary are needed.In this study, we reconstruct Quaternary paleo-denudation rates in the Tianshan range located in Central Asia because (1) it is a major orographic barrier that likely played an important role during the onset of Quaternary glaciations, (2) regional climate variations have been well documented by the geochemical and isotopic analyses of speleothems in caves and (3) well dated Quaternary deposits are abundant in the piedmontsTo reconstruct basin average paleo-denudation rates we used the inherited 10Be concentrations derived from the inversion of 10Be cosmogenic depth profile collected across abandoned alluvial surfaces. We used a unique inversion technique to reprocess preexisting data and also analyze 5 new cosmogenic depth profiles located in the northern Tianshan. In this region, to extend the dataset we have also collected 9 ancient river sand samples along the magnetostratigraphically dated Jingou He section. For comparison between all data, paleo-denudation rates are normalized to modern 10Be derived denudation rates across the same drainage basin. This yields to a 0-1.5Ma record of paleo-denudation rates that is compared to climate variations to discuss the potential links between the two.

@misc{lavé2025quaternary,
    author = "Lavé, Jérôme and Charreau, Julien and Blard, Pierre-Henri and Large, Etienne and Zimmermann, Catherine and Dominguez, Stéphane and Sheng Li, Wang",
    title = "Quaternary denudation rates in the Tianshan",
    year = "2025",
    abstract = "The Earth surface, where life develops and stands, is strongly affected by denudation which is the sum of physical erosion and chemical weathering. Denudation impacts soil formation and agriculture, affects the relief stability and, at the geological time scale, controls the atmospheric CO2 via the weathering of silicates and the production of sediments that later bury organic matter in the oceans. In the context of global warming, it is particularly important to predict how denudation will change and hence impact the Earth Surface where we live. This requires to understand the links between past climate variability and denudation changes, especially during the Quaternary when Earth experienced rapid climate oscillations of amplitude similar to what is expected in the future due to anthropic impact. To reach this goal, quantitative estimate of past denudation rates during the Quaternary are needed.In this study, we reconstruct Quaternary paleo-denudation rates in the Tianshan range located in Central Asia because (1) it is a major orographic barrier that likely played an important role during the onset of Quaternary glaciations, (2) regional climate variations have been well documented by the geochemical and isotopic analyses of speleothems in caves and (3) well dated Quaternary deposits are abundant in the piedmontsTo reconstruct basin average paleo-denudation rates we used the inherited 10Be concentrations derived from the inversion of 10Be cosmogenic depth profile collected across abandoned alluvial surfaces. We used a unique inversion technique to reprocess preexisting data and also analyze 5 new cosmogenic depth profiles located in the northern Tianshan. In this region, to extend the dataset we have also collected 9 ancient river sand samples along the magnetostratigraphically dated Jingou He section. For comparison between all data, paleo-denudation rates are normalized to modern 10Be derived denudation rates across the same drainage basin. This yields to a 0-1.5Ma record of paleo-denudation rates that is compared to climate variations to discuss the potential links between the two.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-16248",
    doi = "10.5194/egusphere-egu24-16248"
}

The young-glacial relief of the Polish Lowland, together with the retouching of Holocene morphogenesis, is one of the youngest in Poland. Three landscape features clearly distinguish the young glacial zone: significant hypsometric diversity (-1.8 m b.s.l. - 328.6 m a.s.l.), a developing and genetically complex valley/river network and the presence of a dense network of post-glacial troughs and undrained depressions, including those filled with lakes. This zone is represented by complexes of post-glacial, slope, fluvial, aeolian and denudational landforms. The most characteristic complexes of forms in the young glacial landscape are hypsometrically diversified hills and frontal moraine embankments, extensive gently undulating areas of bottom moraine plateaus, flat outwash areas, sometimes deeply incised subglacial channels, river valleys usually with a meridional course and often with a gap character, and ice-marginal valleys with a latitudinal course. Late-glacial and Holocene retouching mainly includes erosional edges remodeled by periglacial denudation basins, erosional cuts of different ages with alluvial fans at their outlets, as well as dune plain areas. The contemporary relief of the young glacial zone is shaped primarily by chemical denudation predominating over mechanical denudation, erosion and accumulation of water flowing down the plains and slopes, intense deep erosion in the upper reaches of rivers, processes of building up flood terraces and lateral erosion in the lower reaches of rivers, as well as processes degradation and aggradation, caused by human activity.Attempts to estimate the intensity of mechanical and chemical denudation have been developed on a large scale since the 1970s. The main denudative morphogenetic processes in upland and outwash areas today include: chemical denudation, water erosion and aeolian deflation, and to a lesser extent suffusion.Recognition of contemporary slope morphogenesis indicates that mass movements and gully erosion play a minor role in it, with soil washing predominating. The lowest wash-out values occur within turf areas (meadows, grassy fallows). Wash-out in agricultural crops has quite wide ranges of values for cereals, potatoes and black fallow, respectively. On surfaces with an inclination of 0-2º, wash-out associated with water runoff occurs extremely rarely and has little morphogenetic significance. The amount of dispersed wash-out was determined to be larger compared to forest areas. The range of variability of wash-out volumes is usually very seasonal, although the highest wash-out values are usually caused by heavy rainfall in spring and early summer. Concentrated wash-out processes, characteristic of upland edge zones, are repeated on the same fragments of slightly converging slopes and, together with plow erosion, result in the formation of wash-out basins. The analysis of these forms shows that on average there are several of them per 10 square km. The average density of road gulches is very low. There are much fewer of them than gullies, the average density of which is much higher. Intensive linear erosion, under favorable conditions, may lead to the formation of deep grooves and furrows, which are not leveled as a result of normal agrotechnical procedures and may give rise to gullies.

@misc{zwoliński2025presentday,
    author = "Zwoliński, Zbigniew and Mazurek, Małgorzata and Andrzejewski, Leon and Florek, Wacław and Kostrzewski, Andrzej and Podgórski, Zbigniew and Rachlewicz, Grzegorz and Smolska, Ewa and Stach, Alfred and Szmańda, Jacek and Szpikowski, Józef and Wysota, Wojciech",
    title = "Present-day denudation rates in postglacial landforms of the Polish Lowlands",
    year = "2025",
    abstract = "The young-glacial relief of the Polish Lowland, together with the retouching of Holocene morphogenesis, is one of the youngest in Poland. Three landscape features clearly distinguish the young glacial zone: significant hypsometric diversity (-1.8 m b.s.l. - 328.6 m a.s.l.), a developing and genetically complex valley/river network and the presence of a dense network of post-glacial troughs and undrained depressions, including those filled with lakes. This zone is represented by complexes of post-glacial, slope, fluvial, aeolian and denudational landforms. The most characteristic complexes of forms in the young glacial landscape are hypsometrically diversified hills and frontal moraine embankments, extensive gently undulating areas of bottom moraine plateaus, flat outwash areas, sometimes deeply incised subglacial channels, river valleys usually with a meridional course and often with a gap character, and ice-marginal valleys with a latitudinal course. Late-glacial and Holocene retouching mainly includes erosional edges remodeled by periglacial denudation basins, erosional cuts of different ages with alluvial fans at their outlets, as well as dune plain areas. The contemporary relief of the young glacial zone is shaped primarily by chemical denudation predominating over mechanical denudation, erosion and accumulation of water flowing down the plains and slopes, intense deep erosion in the upper reaches of rivers, processes of building up flood terraces and lateral erosion in the lower reaches of rivers, as well as processes degradation and aggradation, caused by human activity.Attempts to estimate the intensity of mechanical and chemical denudation have been developed on a large scale since the 1970s. The main denudative morphogenetic processes in upland and outwash areas today include: chemical denudation, water erosion and aeolian deflation, and to a lesser extent suffusion.Recognition of contemporary slope morphogenesis indicates that mass movements and gully erosion play a minor role in it, with soil washing predominating. The lowest wash-out values occur within turf areas (meadows, grassy fallows). Wash-out in agricultural crops has quite wide ranges of values for cereals, potatoes and black fallow, respectively. On surfaces with an inclination of 0-2\&\#186;, wash-out associated with water runoff occurs extremely rarely and has little morphogenetic significance. The amount of dispersed wash-out was determined to be larger compared to forest areas. The range of variability of wash-out volumes is usually very seasonal, although the highest wash-out values are usually caused by heavy rainfall in spring and early summer. Concentrated wash-out processes, characteristic of upland edge zones, are repeated on the same fragments of slightly converging slopes and, together with plow erosion, result in the formation of wash-out basins. The analysis of these forms shows that on average there are several of them per 10 square km. The average density of road gulches is very low. There are much fewer of them than gullies, the average density of which is much higher. Intensive linear erosion, under favorable conditions, may lead to the formation of deep grooves and furrows, which are not leveled as a result of normal agrotechnical procedures and may give rise to gullies.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-19702",
    doi = "10.5194/egusphere-egu24-19702"
}