Paluxy river

@article{crossref1923dinosaur,
    title = "Dinosaur Tracks",
    year = "1923",
    journal = "Science",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.58.1508.xiv-s",
    doi = "10.1126/science.58.1508.xiv-s",
    number = "1508",
    volume = "58"
}

@misc{sternberg1932dinosaur,
    author = "Sternberg, C M",
    title = "Dinosaur tracks from Peace River, British Columbia",
    year = "1932",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4095/105049",
    doi = "10.4095/105049"
}

@article{powell1956dinosaur,
    author = "Powell, Bernard W.",
    title = "Dinosaur Tracks of the Connecticut River Valley",
    year = "1956",
    journal = "Rocks \& Minerals",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1956.11767628",
    doi = "10.1080/00357529.1956.11767628",
    number = "1-2",
    pages = "3-8",
    volume = "31"
}

@misc{neufeld1975dinosaur5,
    author = "Neufeld, B",
    title = "Dinosaur tracks and giant men",
    year = "1975",
    howpublished = "Origins, v. 2, no. 2, p. 64- 67",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Neufeld, B., 1975, Dinosaur tracks and giant men: Origins, v. 2, no. 2, p. 64- 67.}"
}

@article{milne1983dinosaur4,
    author = "Milne, D. H. and Schafersman, S. D",
    title = "Dinosaur tracks, erosion marks and midnight chisel work (but no human footprints) in the Cretaceous limestone of the Paluxy River bed, Texas",
    year = "1983",
    journal = "Journal of Geological Education, v. 31, p. 111-123",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Milne, D. H., and Schafersman, S. D., 1983, Dinosaur tracks, erosion marks and midnight chisel work (but no human footprints) in the Cretaceous limestone of the Paluxy River bed, Texas: Journal of Geological Education, v. 31, p. 111-123.}"
}

@misc{cole1985mantracks1,
    author = "Cole, J. R. and Godfrey, L. R. and Schafersman, S. D",
    title = "Mantracks? The fossils say No!",
    year = "1985",
    howpublished = "Creation/Evolution, v. 5, p. 37-45",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Cole, J. R., Godfrey, L. R., and Schafersman, S. D., 1985, Mantracks? The fossils say No! : Creation/Evolution, v. 5, p. 37-45.}"
}

@misc{cole1985the2,
    author = "Cole, J. R. and Godfrey, L. R. [E",
    title = "The Paluxy River footprint mystery-- solved",
    year = "1985",
    howpublished = "Creation/Evolution, v. 5, p. 1-56",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Cole, J. R., and Godfrey, L. R. [E., 1985, The Paluxy River footprint mystery-- solved: Creation/Evolution, v. 5, p. 1-56.}"
}

@article{hastings1987new3,
    author = "Hastings, R. J",
    title = "New observations on Paluxy tracks confirm their dinosaurian origin",
    year = "1987",
    journal = "Journal of Geological Education, v. 35, p. 4-15",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hastings, R. J., 1987, New observations on Paluxy tracks confirm their dinosaurian origin: Journal of Geological Education, v. 35, p. 4-15.}"
}

@article{cohen1991dinosaur,
    author = "Cohen, Andrew S. and Thulborn, Tony",
    title = "Dinosaur Tracks",
    year = "1991",
    journal = "PALAIOS",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/3514883",
    doi = "10.2307/3514883",
    number = "2",
    pages = "192",
    volume = "6"
}

@article{crossref1991dinosaur,
    title = "Dinosaur tracks",
    year = "1991",
    journal = "Choice Reviews Online",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.28-5681",
    doi = "10.5860/choice.28-5681",
    number = "10",
    pages = "28-5681-28-5681",
    volume = "28"
}

@article{sarjeant1992dinosaur,
    author = "Sarjeant, W.A.S.",
    title = "Dinosaur tracks",
    year = "1992",
    journal = "Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(92)90045-7",
    doi = "10.1016/0031-0182(92)90045-7",
    number = "1-2",
    pages = "187-188",
    volume = "91"
}

The alleged “man tracks” beside dinosaur tracks near Glen Rose, Texas, are among the most enduring pieces of evidence used by young-Earth creationists to reject evolution. Despite the tracks’ fame, their most persistent advocate – that is, Carl Baugh of the Creation Evidence Museum – has published neither (1) peer-reviewed papers in scientific journals about the tracks nor (2) clear, convincing, unenhanced photographs of unaltered tracks taken during an excavation. I participated in an excavation sponsored by Baugh’s Creation Evidence Museum that uncovered three “man tracks” that Baugh and his assistants verified as being made by humans. These “tracks” are presented here and are among the first clear, unenhanced photographs of freshly uncovered “man tracks” taken during a Baugh-led excavation. They look no different than any of the countless other scuffs, cracks, and erosion marks in the area.

@article{moore2014did,
    author = "Moore, Randy",
    title = "Did Humans Live with Dinosaurs? Excavating “Man Tracks” along the Paluxy River",
    year = "2014",
    journal = "The American Biology Teacher",
    abstract = "The alleged “man tracks” beside dinosaur tracks near Glen Rose, Texas, are among the most enduring pieces of evidence used by young-Earth creationists to reject evolution. Despite the tracks’ fame, their most persistent advocate – that is, Carl Baugh of the Creation Evidence Museum – has published neither (1) peer-reviewed papers in scientific journals about the tracks nor (2) clear, convincing, unenhanced photographs of unaltered tracks taken during an excavation. I participated in an excavation sponsored by Baugh’s Creation Evidence Museum that uncovered three “man tracks” that Baugh and his assistants verified as being made by humans. These “tracks” are presented here and are among the first clear, unenhanced photographs of freshly uncovered “man tracks” taken during a Baugh-led excavation. They look no different than any of the countless other scuffs, cracks, and erosion marks in the area.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1525/abt.2014.76.4.5",
    doi = "10.1525/abt.2014.76.4.5",
    number = "4",
    pages = "243-246",
    volume = "76"
}

The latest advances in dinosaur ichnology are showcased in this comprehensive and timely volume, in which leading researchers and research groups cover the most essential topics in the study of dinosaur tracks. Some assess and demonstrate state-of-the-art approaches and techniques, such as experimental ichnology, photogrammetry, biplanar X-rays, and a numerical scale for quantifying the quality of track preservation. The high diversity of these up-to-date studies underlines that dinosaur ichnological research is a vibrant field, that important discoveries are continuously made, and that new methods are being developed, applied, and refined. This indispensable volume unequivocally demonstrates that ichnology has an important contribution to make toward a better understanding of dinosaur paleobiology. Tracks and trackways are one of the best sources of evidence to understand and reconstruct the daily life of dinosaurs. They are windows on past lives, dynamic structures produced by living, breathing, moving animals now long extinct, and they are every bit as exciting and captivating as the skeletons of their makers.

@misc{falkingham2016dinosaur,
    author = "Falkingham, Peter",
    title = "Dinosaur Tracks",
    year = "2016",
    abstract = "The latest advances in dinosaur ichnology are showcased in this comprehensive and timely volume, in which leading researchers and research groups cover the most essential topics in the study of dinosaur tracks. Some assess and demonstrate state-of-the-art approaches and techniques, such as experimental ichnology, photogrammetry, biplanar X-rays, and a numerical scale for quantifying the quality of track preservation. The high diversity of these up-to-date studies underlines that dinosaur ichnological research is a vibrant field, that important discoveries are continuously made, and that new methods are being developed, applied, and refined. This indispensable volume unequivocally demonstrates that ichnology has an important contribution to make toward a better understanding of dinosaur paleobiology. Tracks and trackways are one of the best sources of evidence to understand and reconstruct the daily life of dinosaurs. They are windows on past lives, dynamic structures produced by living, breathing, moving animals now long extinct, and they are every bit as exciting and captivating as the skeletons of their makers.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2979/7307.0",
    doi = "10.2979/7307.0"
}

A restudy of the Barkhausen dinosaur tracksite shows that the track-bearing surface reveals considerably more detail than previously indicated, and a new map is presented, showing the trackways of nine sauropods, traveling north, possibly as a group. These are among the smallest sauropod tracks recorded in Europe. There is also evidence of two large theropods crossing the area, one moving to the south and the other to the west. Evidence of at least three other sauropods is registered in the form of isolated manus traces that represent larger individuals. Previous interpretations inferred that sauropod trackways trended south, and therefore suggested a predator chasing its prey as in the purported but controversial attack scenario claimed for the famous Paluxy River site in Texas. Based on the present study, this scenario is no longer tenable for the Barkhausen tracksite. The description of <i>Elephantopoides barkhausensis</i> (Kaever and Lapparent, 1974) shows that it represents a moderately wide gauge, but small manus sauropod and can be assigned under the ichnofamily label Parabrontopodidae. <i>E. barkhausensis</i> as originally defined was a nomen dubium, but it has since been re-described semi-formally, without renaming, we emend the description and assigned them to the ichnotaxon <i>Parabrontopodus barkhausensis</i> comb. nov. These tracks could have been produced by the small sauropod dinosaur taxon <i>Europasaurus</i>. The problematic ichnotaxon Megalosauropus teutonicus (Kaever and Lapparent 1974), which represents a large three-toed theropod, is assigned to the recently described ichnogenus Jurabrontes from the Late Kimmeridgian of the Swiss Jura mountains as<i> Jurabrontes teutonicus</i> comb. nov. Furthermore, we attribute the theropod tracks from the time equivalent Langenberg quarry to the same ichnotaxon.<br>

@misc{belvedere2021a,
    author = "Belvedere, Matteo and Meyer, Christian A. and Englich, Benjamin and Lockley, Martin G.",
    title = "A reevaluation of the Late Jurassic dinosaur tracksite Barkhausen (Wiehengebirge, Northern Germany) - 3D models",
    year = "2021",
    publisher = "figshare",
    abstract = "A restudy of the Barkhausen dinosaur tracksite shows that the track-bearing surface reveals considerably more detail than previously indicated, and a new map is presented, showing the trackways of nine sauropods, traveling north, possibly as a group. These are among the smallest sauropod tracks recorded in Europe. There is also evidence of two large theropods crossing the area, one moving to the south and the other to the west. Evidence of at least three other sauropods is registered in the form of isolated manus traces that represent larger individuals. Previous interpretations inferred that sauropod trackways trended south, and therefore suggested a predator chasing its prey as in the purported but controversial attack scenario claimed for the famous Paluxy River site in Texas. Based on the present study, this scenario is no longer tenable for the Barkhausen tracksite. The description of <i>Elephantopoides barkhausensis</i> (Kaever and Lapparent, 1974) shows that it represents a moderately wide gauge, but small manus sauropod and can be assigned under the ichnofamily label Parabrontopodidae. <i>E. barkhausensis</i> as originally defined was a nomen dubium, but it has since been re-described semi-formally, without renaming, we emend the description and assigned them to the ichnotaxon <i>Parabrontopodus barkhausensis</i> comb. nov. These tracks could have been produced by the small sauropod dinosaur taxon <i>Europasaurus</i>. The problematic ichnotaxon Megalosauropus teutonicus (Kaever and Lapparent 1974), which represents a large three-toed theropod, is assigned to the recently described ichnogenus Jurabrontes from the Late Kimmeridgian of the Swiss Jura mountains as<i> Jurabrontes teutonicus</i> comb. nov. Furthermore, we attribute the theropod tracks from the time equivalent Langenberg quarry to the same ichnotaxon.<br>",
    url = "https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/A\_reevaluation\_of\_the\_Late\_Jurassic\_dinosaur\_tracksite\_Barkhausen\_Wiehengebirge\_Northern\_Germany\_-\_3D\_models/14447604/1",
    doi = "10.6084/m9.figshare.14447604.v1"
}

The dinosaur track record features numerous examples of trackways with elongate metatarsal marks. Such “elongate tracks” are often highly variable and characterised by indistinct outlines and abbreviated or missing digit impressions. Elongate dinosaur tracks are well-known from the Paluxy River bed of Texas, where some had been interpreted as “man tracks” by creationists due to their superficially human-like appearance. The horizontal orientation of the metatarsal marks led to the now widely accepted idea of a facultative plantigrade, or “flat-footed”, mode of locomotion in a variety of dinosaurian trackmakers small to large. This hypothesis, however, is at odds with the observation that elongate tracks do not indicate reduced locomotion speeds and increased pace angulation values, but instead are correlated with low anatomical fidelity. We here interpret elongate tracks as deep penetrations of the foot in soft sediment. Sediment may collapse above parts of the descending foot, leaving a shallow surface track that preserves a metatarsal mark. The length of a metatarsal mark is determined by multiple factors and is not necessarily correlated with the length of the metatarsus. Other types of posterior marks in dinosaur footprints, such as drag and slip marks, are reviewed.

@misc{lallensack2021data,
    author = "Lallensack, Jens N. and Farlow, James O. and Falkingham, Peter L.",
    title = "Data from: A new solution to an old riddle: elongate dinosaur tracks explained as deep penetration of the foot, not plantigrade locomotion",
    year = "2021",
    publisher = "Dryad",
    abstract = "The dinosaur track record features numerous examples of trackways with elongate metatarsal marks. Such “elongate tracks” are often highly variable and characterised by indistinct outlines and abbreviated or missing digit impressions. Elongate dinosaur tracks are well-known from the Paluxy River bed of Texas, where some had been interpreted as “man tracks” by creationists due to their superficially human-like appearance. The horizontal orientation of the metatarsal marks led to the now widely accepted idea of a facultative plantigrade, or “flat-footed”, mode of locomotion in a variety of dinosaurian trackmakers small to large. This hypothesis, however, is at odds with the observation that elongate tracks do not indicate reduced locomotion speeds and increased pace angulation values, but instead are correlated with low anatomical fidelity. We here interpret elongate tracks as deep penetrations of the foot in soft sediment. Sediment may collapse above parts of the descending foot, leaving a shallow surface track that preserves a metatarsal mark. The length of a metatarsal mark is determined by multiple factors and is not necessarily correlated with the length of the metatarsus. Other types of posterior marks in dinosaur footprints, such as drag and slip marks, are reviewed.",
    url = "https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.9s4mw6mgm",
    doi = "10.5061/dryad.9s4mw6mgm"
}