Pennsylvanian

The late Paleozoic column-bearing corals that generally have been designated as Lophophyllum are here assigned to Lophophyllidium Grabau. A neotype of Cyathaxonia prolifera McChesney, the genotype of Lophophyllidium, is described, and a revised generic diagnosis based on this material is given. Sinophyllum Grabau does not seem to have characters distinct from those of Lophophyllidium and accordingly these genera are considered to be synonymous. Taxonomic problems encountered in a study of lophophyllid corals are discussed, and the nature of closely related lophophyllid genera is reviewed. Fifteen species are assigned to Lophophyllidium, of which thirteen are new. Descriptions are given of one new species from Morrow strata of Oklahoma, of two from beds of Lampasas age in southern Oklahoma, eight from the Des Moines series in Oklahoma, Kansas, and Missouri, and two from the Missouri series in Oklahoma and Kansas. Specimens from Ohio are questionably referred to Lophophyllidium profundum (Edwards and Haime), a species that seems to be distinct from L. proliferum. The general character of the lower Pennsylvanian column-bearing coral fauna is described, and a terminology of lophophyllid coral structures is given.

@article{jeffords1942lophophyllid,
    author = "Jeffords, Russell M.",
    title = "Lophophyllid Corals from Lower Pennsylvanian Rocks of Kansas and Oklahoma",
    year = "1942",
    journal = "Bulletin (Kansas Geological Survey)",
    abstract = "The late Paleozoic column-bearing corals that generally have been designated as Lophophyllum are here assigned to Lophophyllidium Grabau. A neotype of Cyathaxonia prolifera McChesney, the genotype of Lophophyllidium, is described, and a revised generic diagnosis based on this material is given. Sinophyllum Grabau does not seem to have characters distinct from those of Lophophyllidium and accordingly these genera are considered to be synonymous. Taxonomic problems encountered in a study of lophophyllid corals are discussed, and the nature of closely related lophophyllid genera is reviewed. Fifteen species are assigned to Lophophyllidium, of which thirteen are new. Descriptions are given of one new species from Morrow strata of Oklahoma, of two from beds of Lampasas age in southern Oklahoma, eight from the Des Moines series in Oklahoma, Kansas, and Missouri, and two from the Missouri series in Oklahoma and Kansas. Specimens from Ohio are questionably referred to Lophophyllidium profundum (Edwards and Haime), a species that seems to be distinct from L. proliferum. The general character of the lower Pennsylvanian column-bearing coral fauna is described, and a terminology of lophophyllid coral structures is given.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.17161/kgsbulletin.no.41.21924",
    doi = "10.17161/kgsbulletin.no.41.21924",
    number = "41",
    pages = "187-260"
}

@article{ross1962pennsylvanian2,
    author = "Ross, C. A. and Ross, J. P",
    title = "Pennsylvanian, Permian rugose corals, Glass Mountains, Texas",
    year = "1962",
    journal = "Journal of Paleontology, v. 36, p. 1163-1188",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Ross, C. A., and Ross, J. P., 1962, Pennsylvanian, Permian rugose corals, Glass Mountains, Texas: Journal of Paleontology, v. 36, p. 1163-1188.}"
}

@article{cocke1968classification,
    author = "Cocke, J. M. and Cocke, N. C.",
    title = "Classification and Distribution of Missourian (Upper Pennsylvanian) Geyerophyllid Corals from Kansas",
    year = "1968",
    journal = "Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science (1903-)",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/3627397",
    doi = "10.2307/3627397",
    number = "1",
    pages = "38",
    volume = "71"
}

@article{hlstrimple1969facies,
    author = "H. L. Strimple, J. M. Cocke",
    title = "Facies and Faunal Relations in Pennsylvanian Missourian Rocks Along Oklahoma-Kansas Boundary: ABSTRACT",
    year = "1969",
    journal = "AAPG Bulletin",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1306/5d25c7c1-16c1-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    doi = "10.1306/5d25c7c1-16c1-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    volume = "53"
}

@book{cocke1970dissepimental1,
    author = "Cocke, J. M",
    title = "Dissepimental rugose corals of Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) rocks of Kansas",
    year = "1970",
    publisher = "University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, p. 1-67",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Cocke, J. M., 1970, Dissepimental rugose corals of Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) rocks of Kansas: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, p. 1-67.}"
}

@misc{armstrong1972pennsylvanian,
    author = "Armstrong, Augustus K.",
    title = "Pennsylvanian carbonates, paleoecology, and rugose colonial corals, north flank, eastern Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska",
    year = "1972",
    booktitle = "Professional Paper",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.3133/pp747",
    doi = "10.3133/pp747"
}

The cyclic pattern of conodont distribution in the lower Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) sequence of eastern Kansas reflects with only minor adjustments the pattern of megacyclothems recognized by Moore and supplemented by Weller. Each megacyclothem consists basically of an ascending sequence of: thick, locally nonmarine (“outside”) shale–thin middle limestone member–thin black shale member–thick upper limestone member–outside shale. Conodont distribution (chiefly multielement) ranges from (1) low abundance and diversity, commonly with Adetognathus dominance, in the outside shales and tops of upper limestone members, through (2) increasing Ozarkodina minuta and Idiognathodus dominance in the adjacent parts of both limestone members, to (3) maximum abundance and diversity with Idiognathodus dominance and exclusive Idioprioniodus lexingtonensis, Gondolella spp., and an unassigned O1 element in the “core” of the megacyclothem, which consists of the black shale member and commonly includes the adjacent parts of the two limestone members. Interpretation of depositional environments indicates that a transgressive-regressive sequence with deepest water during deposition of the black shale member was responsible for each megacyclothem. This interpretation is compatible with the Seddon and Sweet pelagic depth-zone model of conodont distribution in which diversity in the sediment increases in an additive fashion with increasing depth. In this model, the deeper water conodonts are found only in the deep-water facies but may be associated there with all the shallower water conodonts, whereas the shallow-water conodonts alone characterize the shallow-water nearshore facies. The progression of conodont depth-zone tops for the Missourian sequence in eastern Kansas is, from shallowest to deepest water: Adetognathus-Ozarkodina minuta (multielement, with a spathognathodontan element)-Aethotaxis-Idiognathodus-Idioprioniodus-Gondolella-unasigned O1 element. This specific paleoecologic model may be applied with certain cautions to environmental interpretation and perhaps to correlation of other Upper Pennsylvanian sequences in the Mid-Continent and probably elsewhere as well.

@article{heckel1975environmental,
    author = "Heckel, Philip H. and Baesemann, John F.",
    title = "Environmental Interpretation of Conodont Distribution in Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) Megacyclothems in Eastern Kansas",
    year = "1975",
    journal = "AAPG Bulletin",
    abstract = "The cyclic pattern of conodont distribution in the lower Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) sequence of eastern Kansas reflects with only minor adjustments the pattern of megacyclothems recognized by Moore and supplemented by Weller. Each megacyclothem consists basically of an ascending sequence of: thick, locally nonmarine (“outside”) shale–thin middle limestone member–thin black shale member–thick upper limestone member–outside shale. Conodont distribution (chiefly multielement) ranges from (1) low abundance and diversity, commonly with Adetognathus dominance, in the outside shales and tops of upper limestone members, through (2) increasing Ozarkodina minuta and Idiognathodus dominance in the adjacent parts of both limestone members, to (3) maximum abundance and diversity with Idiognathodus dominance and exclusive Idioprioniodus lexingtonensis, Gondolella spp., and an unassigned O1 element in the “core” of the megacyclothem, which consists of the black shale member and commonly includes the adjacent parts of the two limestone members. Interpretation of depositional environments indicates that a transgressive-regressive sequence with deepest water during deposition of the black shale member was responsible for each megacyclothem. This interpretation is compatible with the Seddon and Sweet pelagic depth-zone model of conodont distribution in which diversity in the sediment increases in an additive fashion with increasing depth. In this model, the deeper water conodonts are found only in the deep-water facies but may be associated there with all the shallower water conodonts, whereas the shallow-water conodonts alone characterize the shallow-water nearshore facies. The progression of conodont depth-zone tops for the Missourian sequence in eastern Kansas is, from shallowest to deepest water: Adetognathus-Ozarkodina minuta (multielement, with a spathognathodontan element)-Aethotaxis-Idiognathodus-Idioprioniodus-Gondolella-unasigned O1 element. This specific paleoecologic model may be applied with certain cautions to environmental interpretation and perhaps to correlation of other Upper Pennsylvanian sequences in the Mid-Continent and probably elsewhere as well.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1306/83d91cb8-16c7-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    doi = "10.1306/83d91cb8-16c7-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    number = "3",
    pages = "486-509",
    volume = "59"
}

@article{williampstone1980profile,
    author = "William P. Stone, Jr.",
    title = "Profile of Unusual Oolite Deposit--Drum Limestone, Pennsylvanian (Missourian), Montgomery County, Kansas: ABSTRACT",
    year = "1980",
    journal = "AAPG Bulletin",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1306/2f91927e-16ce-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    doi = "10.1306/2f91927e-16ce-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    volume = "64"
}

The oldest known Carboniferous rugose coral fauna in the Canadian Arctic Islands was collected in the Yelverton Inlet area of northern Ellesmere Island, from Bashkirian carbonates of the lower Nansen and Otto Fiord formations. It includes the genera Dibunophyllum Thomson and Nicholson, Lonsdaleia McCoy, Palaeosmilia Milne-Edwards and Haime and Tizraia? Said and Rodríguez. Such a generic assemblage is unknown elsewhere above the Serpukhovian. An upper? Bashkirian specimen of Paraheritschioides Sando, collected above the main fauna, is the oldest known representative of that genus. Faunal comparisons suggest Novaya Zemlya or northern Timan as the most likely source areas for the Yelverton Inlet fauna.

@article{fedorowski2012an,
    author = "Fedorowski, Jerzy and Bamber, E. Wayne and Baranova, Darya V.",
    title = "An Unusual Occurrence of Bashkirian (Pennsylvanian) Rugose Corals From the Sverdrup Basin, Arctic Canada",
    year = "2012",
    journal = "Journal of Paleontology",
    abstract = "The oldest known Carboniferous rugose coral fauna in the Canadian Arctic Islands was collected in the Yelverton Inlet area of northern Ellesmere Island, from Bashkirian carbonates of the lower Nansen and Otto Fiord formations. It includes the genera Dibunophyllum Thomson and Nicholson, Lonsdaleia McCoy, Palaeosmilia Milne-Edwards and Haime and Tizraia? Said and Rodríguez. Such a generic assemblage is unknown elsewhere above the Serpukhovian. An upper? Bashkirian specimen of Paraheritschioides Sando, collected above the main fauna, is the oldest known representative of that genus. Faunal comparisons suggest Novaya Zemlya or northern Timan as the most likely source areas for the Yelverton Inlet fauna.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1666/11-144r1.1",
    doi = "10.1666/11-144r1.1",
    number = "6",
    pages = "979-995",
    volume = "86"
}

Four new species of colonial corals, one previously described coral, and two other unidentified species of coral have been recovered from the Baird Formation in the Klamath Mountains of northwestern California. The newly erected species are Heritschioides armstrongi n. sp., Pararachnastraea klamathensis n. sp., P. watkinsi n. sp., and P. kabyaiensis n. sp. These corals are associated with the fusulinids Millerella marblensis Thompson, 1944, Paramillerella Thompson, 1951, and Pseudostaffella Thompson, 1942, emend Groves, 1984, suggesting an early Atokan (Bashkirian) age. Both the coral and foraminiferal faunas bear a resemblance to those of similar age in the Brooks Range, Alaska, which could suggest geographic proximity between the two terranes at that time. These corals also represent the earliest known occurrence of the Family Durhamididae.

@article{kawamura2012middle,
    author = "Kawamura, Toshio and Stevens, Calvin H.",
    title = "Middle Pennsylvanian rugose corals from the Baird Formation, Klamath Mountains, northwestern California",
    year = "2012",
    journal = "Journal of Paleontology",
    abstract = "Four new species of colonial corals, one previously described coral, and two other unidentified species of coral have been recovered from the Baird Formation in the Klamath Mountains of northwestern California. The newly erected species are Heritschioides armstrongi n. sp., Pararachnastraea klamathensis n. sp., P. watkinsi n. sp., and P. kabyaiensis n. sp. These corals are associated with the fusulinids Millerella marblensis Thompson, 1944, Paramillerella Thompson, 1951, and Pseudostaffella Thompson, 1942, emend Groves, 1984, suggesting an early Atokan (Bashkirian) age. Both the coral and foraminiferal faunas bear a resemblance to those of similar age in the Brooks Range, Alaska, which could suggest geographic proximity between the two terranes at that time. These corals also represent the earliest known occurrence of the Family Durhamididae.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1666/11-123.1",
    doi = "10.1666/11-123.1",
    number = "3",
    pages = "513-520",
    volume = "86"
}

@article{rankey2018depositional,
    author = "Rankey, Eugene C. and Goodner, Hamilton and Doveton, John",
    title = "Depositional Architecture and Petrophysical Variability of an Oolitic Tidal Sand Shoal: Pennsylvanian (Missourian), Kansas, U.S.A.",
    year = "2018",
    journal = "Journal of Sedimentary Research",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2018.57",
    doi = "10.2110/jsr.2018.57",
    number = "9",
    pages = "1114-1131",
    volume = "88"
}

We describe a personal computer-based one-dimensional process (forward) stratigraphic model that simulates Upper Pennsylvanian marine carbonate-dominated cycles on a ramp shelf in western Kansas. Here we describe the logic and methodology behind the model, key concepts and parameters used in modeling, and three examples. The model parameters include a glacial-eustatic curve, tectonic subsidence, and sedimentation rates. The Pleistocene sea-level curve serves as a proxy to Pennsylvanian sea level, as used in the present model. Pennsylvanian sedimentation is estimated according to potential accumulation rates of Recent sediments. Rapid sea-level rise leads to attenuation of carbonate sedimentation, and the associated increased productivity of organic matter often results in black shale accumulation, a hallmark of the Pennsylvanian cycles. Simulation of cycles could prove useful in predicting petroleum reservoir development as sophistication of the modeling and knowledge of the processes increase. Inverse techniques will be useful to this end so that parameters can be obtained that permit models to depict characteristics of individual cycles more precisely and accurately.

@article{watney2024computer,
    author = "Watney, W. Lynn and Wong, Jan-Chung and French, John A., Jr.",
    title = "Computer simulation of Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) carbonate-dominated cycles in western Kansas",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Bulletin (Kansas Geological Survey)",
    abstract = "We describe a personal computer-based one-dimensional process (forward) stratigraphic model that simulates Upper Pennsylvanian marine carbonate-dominated cycles on a ramp shelf in western Kansas. Here we describe the logic and methodology behind the model, key concepts and parameters used in modeling, and three examples. The model parameters include a glacial-eustatic curve, tectonic subsidence, and sedimentation rates. The Pleistocene sea-level curve serves as a proxy to Pennsylvanian sea level, as used in the present model. Pennsylvanian sedimentation is estimated according to potential accumulation rates of Recent sediments. Rapid sea-level rise leads to attenuation of carbonate sedimentation, and the associated increased productivity of organic matter often results in black shale accumulation, a hallmark of the Pennsylvanian cycles. Simulation of cycles could prove useful in predicting petroleum reservoir development as sophistication of the modeling and knowledge of the processes increase. Inverse techniques will be useful to this end so that parameters can be obtained that permit models to depict characteristics of individual cycles more precisely and accurately.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.17161/kgsbulletin.no.233.20469",
    doi = "10.17161/kgsbulletin.no.233.20469",
    number = "233",
    pages = "415-430"
}