Protobiogenesis

@misc{miller1953a53,
    author = "Miller, S",
    title = "A Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions",
    year = "1953",
    howpublished = "Science, v. 117, p. 528-529",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Miller, S., 1953, A Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions: Science, v. 117, p. 528-529.}"
}

@misc{gamow1956problem37,
    author = "Gamow, G. and Rich, A. and Yas, M",
    title = "Problem of information transfer from nucleic acids to proteins",
    year = "1956",
    howpublished = "Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, v. 4, p. 23-68",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Gamow, G., Rich, A., and Yas, M., 1956, Problem of information transfer from nucleic acids to proteins: Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, v. 4, p. 23-68.}"
}

@misc{fox1958thermal23,
    author = "Fox, S. W. and Harada, K",
    title = "Thermal copolymerization of amino acids to a product resembling protein",
    year = "1958",
    howpublished = "Science, v. 128, p. 1214",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., and Harada, K., 1958, Thermal copolymerization of amino acids to a product resembling protein: Science, v. 128, p. 1214.}"
}

@article{fox1959thermal,
    author = "Fox, S. W. and Harada, Kaoru and Vegotsky, A.",
    title = "Thermal polymerization of amino acids and a theory of biochemical origins",
    year = "1959",
    journal = "Experientia",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02301336",
    doi = "10.1007/bf02301336",
    number = "2",
    pages = "81-84",
    volume = "15"
}

@book{fox1962the25,
    author = "Fox, S. W. and Harada, K. and Rohlfing, D. L",
    title = "The thermal copolymerization of -amino acids, in Stahmann, M. A., ed., Polyamino Acids, Polypeptides, and Proteins",
    year = "1962",
    publisher = "Madison, Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin Press, p. 47-54",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., Harada, K., and Rohlfing, D. L., 1962, The thermal copolymerization of -amino acids, in Stahmann, M. A., ed., Polyamino Acids, Polypeptides, and Proteins: Madison, Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin Press, p. 47-54.}"
}

@misc{fox1963abiotic35,
    author = "Fox, S. W. and Yuyama, S",
    title = "Abiotic production of primitive protein and formed microparticles",
    year = "1963",
    howpublished = "Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v. 108, p. 487-494",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., and Yuyama, S., 1963, Abiotic production of primitive protein and formed microparticles: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v. 108, p. 487-494.}"
}

@article{fox1963effects34,
    author = "Fox, S. W. and Yuyama, S",
    title = "Effects of the Gram stain on microspheres from thermal polyamino acids",
    year = "1963",
    journal = "Journal of Bacteriology, v. 85, p. 279-283",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., and Yuyama, S., 1963, Effects of the Gram stain on microspheres from thermal polyamino acids: Journal of Bacteriology, v. 85, p. 279-283.}"
}

@misc{fox1964the28,
    author = "Fox, S. W. and Krampitz, G",
    title = "The catalytic decomposition of glucose in aqueous solution by thermal proteinoids",
    year = "1964",
    howpublished = "Nature, v. 203, p. 1362-1364",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., and Krampitz, G., 1964, The catalytic decomposition of glucose in aqueous solution by thermal proteinoids: Nature, v. 203, p. 1362-1364.}"
}

@incollection{fowden1965origins,
    author = "FOWDEN, L.",
    title = "ORIGINS OF THE AMINO ACIDS",
    year = "1965",
    booktitle = "Plant Biochemistry",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-3243-0.50020-4",
    doi = "10.1016/b978-1-4832-3243-0.50020-4",
    pages = "361-390"
}

@book{harada1965thermal41,
    author = "Harada, K. and Fox, S. W",
    title = "Thermal polycondensation of free amino acids with polyphosphatic acid, in Fox, S. W., ed., The Origins of Prebiological Systems",
    year = "1965",
    publisher = "New York, Academic Press, p. 289-308",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Harada, K., and Fox, S. W., 1965, Thermal polycondensation of free amino acids with polyphosphatic acid, in Fox, S. W., ed., The Origins of Prebiological Systems: New York, Academic Press, p. 289-308.}"
}

@misc{fox1966simulation26,
    author = "Fox, S. W. and Joseph, D. and McCauley, R. J. and Windsor, C. R. and Yuyama, S",
    title = "Simulation of organismic morphology and behavior by synthetic poly--amino acids, in Brown, A. H., and Florkin, M., eds., Life Sciences and Space Research",
    year = "1966",
    howpublished = "Washington, D.C., Spartan Books, v. IV, p. 111-120",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., Joseph, D., McCauley, R. J., Windsor, C. R., and Yuyama, S., 1966, Simulation of organismic morphology and behavior by synthetic poly--amino acids, in Brown, A. H., and Florkin, M., eds., Life Sciences and Space Research: Washington, D.C., Spartan Books, v. IV, p. 111-120.}"
}

@misc{fox1967a30,
    author = "Fox, S. W. and McCauley, R. J. and Wood, A",
    title = "A model of primitive heterotrophic proliferation",
    year = "1967",
    howpublished = "Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, v. 20, p. 773-778",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., McCauley, R. J., and Wood, A., 1967, A model of primitive heterotrophic proliferation: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, v. 20, p. 773-778.}"
}

@misc{hayakawa1967copolymerization43,
    author = "Hayakawa, T. and Windsor, C. R. and Fox, S. W",
    title = "Copolymerization of the Leuchs anhydrides of the eighteen amino acids common to protein",
    year = "1967",
    howpublished = "Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysiology, v. 118, p. 265-272",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hayakawa, T., Windsor, C. R., and Fox, S. W., 1967, Copolymerization of the Leuchs anhydrides of the eighteen amino acids common to protein: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysiology, v. 118, p. 265-272.}"
}

@misc{fox1968melanocytestimulating33,
    author = "Fox, S. W. and Wang, C.-T",
    title = "Melanocyte-stimulating hormone activity on thermal properties of -amino acids",
    year = "1968",
    howpublished = "Science, v. 160, p. 547-548",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., and Wang, C.-T., 1968, Melanocyte-stimulating hormone activity on thermal properties of -amino acids: Science, v. 160, p. 547-548.}"
}

@misc{hardebeck1968decarboxylation42,
    author = "Hardebeck, H. G. and Krampitz, G. and Wulf, L",
    title = "Decarboxylation of pyruvic acid in aqueous solutions by thermal proteinoids",
    year = "1968",
    howpublished = "Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysiology, v. 123, p. 72-81",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hardebeck, H. G., Krampitz, G., and Wulf, L., 1968, Decarboxylation of pyruvic acid in aqueous solutions by thermal proteinoids: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysiology, v. 123, p. 72-81.}"
}

@misc{karmpitz1968aminotransferase49,
    author = "Karmpitz, G. and Baars-Diehl, S. and Haas, W. and Nakashima, T",
    title = "Aminotransferase activity of thermal polylysine",
    year = "1968",
    howpublished = "Experientia, v. 24, p. 140-142",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Karmpitz, G., Baars-Diehl, S., Haas, W., and Nakashima, T., 1968, Aminotransferase activity of thermal polylysine: Experientia, v. 24, p. 140-142.}"
}

@misc{fox1969membranelike29,
    author = "Fox, S. W. and McCauley, R. J. and Montgomery, P. O'B. and Fukushima, T. and Harada, K. and Windsor, C. R",
    title = "Membrane-like properties in microsystems assembled from synthetic protein-like polymer, in Snell, F., Wolken, J., Iverson, G. J., and Lam, J., eds., Physical Principles of Biological Membranes",
    year = "1969",
    howpublished = "New York, Gordon \& Breach, p. 417-430",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., McCauley, R. J., Montgomery, P. O'B., Fukushima, T., Harada, K., and Windsor, C. R., 1969, Membrane-like properties in microsystems assembled from synthetic protein-like polymer, in Snell, F., Wolken, J., Iverson, G. J., and Lam, J., eds., Physical Principles of Biological Membranes: New York, Gordon \& Breach, p. 417-430.}"
}

@misc{fox1969selfordered4,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "Self-ordered polymers and propagative cell-like systems",
    year = "1969",
    howpublished = "Naturwissenschaften, v. 56, p. 1-9",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1969, Self-ordered polymers and propagative cell-like systems: Naturwissenschaften, v. 56, p. 1-9.}"
}

@misc{dose1971the3,
    author = "Dose, K. and Zaki, L",
    title = "The peroxidatic and catalytic activity of hemoprotenoids",
    year = "1971",
    howpublished = "Z. Naturforsch, v. 26b, p. 144-148",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Dose, K., and Zaki, L., 1971, The peroxidatic and catalytic activity of hemoprotenoids: Z. Naturforsch, v. 26b, p. 144-148.}"
}

@misc{hsu1971conjugation46,
    author = "Hsu, L. L. and Brooke, S. and Fox, S. W",
    title = "Conjugation of proteinoid microspheres",
    year = "1971",
    howpublished = "a model of primordial communication: Current Models in Biology [Now BioSystems], v. 4, p. 12-25",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hsu, L. L., Brooke, S., and Fox, S. W., 1971, Conjugation of proteinoid microspheres: a model of primordial communication: Current Models in Biology [Now BioSystems], v. 4, p. 12-25.}"
}

@misc{fox1973molecular6,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "Molecular evolution to the first cells",
    year = "1973",
    howpublished = "Pure Applied Chemistry, v. 34, p. 641-669",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1973, Molecular evolution to the first cells: Pure Applied Chemistry, v. 34, p. 641-669.}"
}

@misc{fox1973the5,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "The rapid evolution of complex systems from simple beginnings, in Marois, M., ed., From Theoretical Physics to Biology",
    year = "1973",
    howpublished = "Basel, S. Karger, p. 133-144",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1973, The rapid evolution of complex systems from simple beginnings, in Marois, M., ed., From Theoretical Physics to Biology: Basel, S. Karger, p. 133-144.}"
}

@phdthesis{junck1973synthesis48,
    author = "Junck, J. R. and Fox, S. W",
    title = "Synthesis of oligonucleotides by proteinoid microspheres acting on ATP",
    year = "1973",
    publisher = "Naturwissenschaften, v. 60, p. 425-427",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Junck, J. R., and Fox, S. W., 1973, Synthesis of oligonucleotides by proteinoid microspheres acting on ATP: Naturwissenschaften, v. 60, p. 425-427.}"
}

@article{sylvesterbradley1973protobiogenesis,
    author = "SYLVESTER-BRADLEY, P. C.",
    title = "Protobiogenesis",
    year = "1973",
    journal = "Nature",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/242540b0",
    doi = "10.1038/242540b0",
    number = "5399",
    pages = "540-541",
    volume = "242"
}

@misc{fox1974from27,
    author = "Fox, S. W. and Jungck, J. R. and Nakashima, T",
    title = "From proteinoid microsphere to comtemporary cell",
    year = "1974",
    howpublished = "formation of internucleotide and peptide bonds by proteinoid particles: Origins Life, v. 5, p. 227-237",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., Jungck, J. R., and Nakashima, T., 1974, From proteinoid microsphere to comtemporary cell: formation of internucleotide and peptide bonds by proteinoid particles: Origins Life, v. 5, p. 227-237.}"
}

@misc{fox1974the7,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "The proteinoid theory of the origin of life and competing ideas",
    year = "1974",
    howpublished = "American Biology Teacher, v. 36, p. 161-172, 181",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1974, The proteinoid theory of the origin of life and competing ideas: American Biology Teacher, v. 36, p. 161-172, 181.}"
}

@book{kenyon1974prefigured50,
    author = "Kenyon, D. H",
    title = "Prefigured ordering and protoselection in the origin of life, in Dose, K., Fox, S. W., Deborin, G. A., and Pavlovskaya, T. E., eds., The Origins of Life and Evolutionary Biochemistry",
    year = "1974",
    publisher = "New York, Plenum Press, p. 207-220",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kenyon, D. H., 1974, Prefigured ordering and protoselection in the origin of life, in Dose, K., Fox, S. W., Deborin, G. A., and Pavlovskaya, T. E., eds., The Origins of Life and Evolutionary Biochemistry: New York, Plenum Press, p. 207-220.}"
}

@book{keosian1974lifes51,
    author = "Keosian, J",
    title = "Life's beginnings-origin or evolution?, in Dose, K., Fox, S. W., Deborin, G. A., and Pavlovskaya, T. E., eds., The Origins of Life and Evolutionary Biochemistry",
    year = "1974",
    publisher = "New York, Plenum Press, p. 221-231",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Keosian, J., 1974, Life's beginnings-origin or evolution?, in Dose, K., Fox, S. W., Deborin, G. A., and Pavlovskaya, T. E., eds., The Origins of Life and Evolutionary Biochemistry: New York, Plenum Press, p. 221-231.}"
}

@misc{miller1974the52,
    author = "Miller, S. L. and Orgel, L. E",
    title = "The Origins of Life on Earth",
    year = "1974",
    howpublished = "Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 229 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Miller, S. L., and Orgel, L. E., 1974, The Origins of Life on Earth: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 229 p.}"
}

@phdthesis{hennen1975the45,
    author = "Hennen, G. and Plaquet, R. and Biserte, G",
    title = "The synthesis of amino acid polymers by thermal condensation at 105° without a catalyst",
    year = "1975",
    publisher = "Biochimie, v. 57, p. 1395-1396",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hennen, G., Plaquet, R., and Biserte, G., 1975, The synthesis of amino acid polymers by thermal condensation at 105° without a catalyst: Biochimie, v. 57, p. 1395-1396.}"
}

@misc{fox1976contribution9,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "Contribution of experimental protobiogenesis to the theory of evolution, in Novak, J. A., and Pacltova, B., eds., Evolutionary Biology",
    year = "1976",
    howpublished = "Prague, Czech. Biological Society, p. 35-44",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1976, Contribution of experimental protobiogenesis to the theory of evolution, in Novak, J. A., and Pacltova, B., eds., Evolutionary Biology: Prague, Czech. Biological Society, p. 35-44.}"
}

@misc{fox1976the8,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "The evolutionary significance of phase-separated microsystems",
    year = "1976",
    howpublished = "Origins Life, v. 7, p. 49-68",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1976, The evolutionary significance of phase-separated microsystems: Origins Life, v. 7, p. 49-68.}"
}

@misc{gish1976origin38,
    author = "Gish, D. T",
    title = "Origin of life",
    year = "1976",
    howpublished = "critique of early stage chemical evolution theories: ICR Impact Series, v. 31, p. i-iv",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Gish, D. T., 1976, Origin of life: critique of early stage chemical evolution theories: ICR Impact Series, v. 31, p. i-iv.}"
}

@misc{gish1976origin39,
    author = "Gish, D. T",
    title = "Origin of life",
    year = "1976",
    howpublished = "The Fox thermal model of the origin of life: ICR Impact Series, v. 33, p. i-iv",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Gish, D. T., 1976, Origin of life: The Fox thermal model of the origin of life: ICR Impact Series, v. 33, p. i-iv.}"
}

@book{nicolis1977selforganization55,
    author = "Nicolis, G. and Prigogine, I",
    title = "Self-Organization in Nonequilibrium Systems",
    year = "1977",
    publisher = "From Dissipative Structures to Order through Fluctuations: New York, Wiley-Interscience",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Nicolis, G., and Prigogine, I., 1977, Self-Organization in Nonequilibrium Systems: From Dissipative Structures to Order through Fluctuations: New York, Wiley-Interscience.}"
}

@article{norden1977was,
    author = "NORDEN, B.",
    title = "Was photoresolution of amino acids the origin of optical activity in life?",
    year = "1977",
    journal = "Nature",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/266567a0",
    doi = "10.1038/266567a0",
    number = "5602",
    pages = "567-568",
    volume = "266"
}

@book{fox1978the10,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "The origin and nature of protolife, in Heidcamp, W. H., ed",
    year = "1978",
    publisher = "Baltimore, University Park Press, p. 23-92",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1978, The origin and nature of protolife, in Heidcamp, W. H., ed., : Baltimore, University Park Press, p. 23-92.}"
}

@misc{francis1978on36,
    author = "Francis, S. and Margulis, L. and Braghoorn, E. S",
    title = "On the experimental silicification of microorganisms II. On the time of appearance of eukaryotic organisms in the fossil record",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "Precambrian Research, v. 6, p. 65-100",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Francis, S., Margulis, L., and Braghoorn, E. S., 1978, On the experimental silicification of microorganisms II. On the time of appearance of eukaryotic organisms in the fossil record: Precambrian Research, v. 6, p. 65-100.}"
}

@misc{grote1978effect40,
    author = "Grote, J. R. and Syren, R. M. and Fox, S. W",
    title = "Effect of product from heated amino acids on conductance in lipid bilayer membrenes and nonaqueous solvents",
    year = "1978",
    howpublished = "BioSystems, v. 10, p. 287-292",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Grote, J. R., Syren, R. M., and Fox, S. W., 1978, Effect of product from heated amino acids on conductance in lipid bilayer membrenes and nonaqueous solvents: BioSystems, v. 10, p. 287-292.}"
}

@incollection{hegarty1978toxic,
    author = "Hegarty, M.P.",
    title = "TOXIC AMINO ACIDS OF PLANT ORIGIN",
    year = "1978",
    booktitle = "Effects of Poisonous Plants on Livestock",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-403250-7.50061-3",
    doi = "10.1016/b978-0-12-403250-7.50061-3",
    pages = "575-585"
}

@misc{fox1979more11,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "More on the origin of life",
    year = "1979",
    howpublished = "Chemical Engineering News, v. 57, no. 8, p. 4",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1979, More on the origin of life: Chemical Engineering News, v. 57, no. 8, p. 4.}"
}

@book{fox1980a22,
    author = "Fox, S. W. and Adachi, T. and Stillwell, W",
    title = "A quinone-assisted photoformation of energy-rich chemical bonds, in Veziroglu, T. N., ed., Solar Energy",
    year = "1980",
    publisher = "International Progress: New York, Pergamon Press, v. 2, p. 1056-1074",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., Adachi, T., and Stillwell, W., 1980, A quinone-assisted photoformation of energy-rich chemical bonds, in Veziroglu, T. N., ed., Solar Energy: International Progress: New York, Pergamon Press, v. 2, p. 1056-1074.}"
}

@misc{fox1980introductory12,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "Introductory remarks to the special issue on 'assembly mechanisms",
    year = "1980",
    howpublished = "BioSystems, v. 12, p. 131",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1980, Introductory remarks to the special issue on 'assembly mechanisms': BioSystems, v. 12, p. 131.}"
}

@misc{fox1980life13,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "Life from an orderly Cosmos",
    year = "1980",
    howpublished = "Naturwissenschaften, v. 67, p. 576-581",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1980, Life from an orderly Cosmos: Naturwissenschaften, v. 67, p. 576-581.}"
}

@misc{fox1980metabolic16,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "Metabolic microspheres",
    year = "1980",
    howpublished = "Naturwissenschaften, v. 67, p. 378-383",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1980, Metabolic microspheres: Naturwissenschaften, v. 67, p. 378-383.}"
}

@article{fox1980response14,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "Response to repeated statements on temperatures required for polycondensation of amino acids",
    year = "1980",
    journal = "Journal of Molecular Evolution, v. 15, p. 539",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1980, Response to repeated statements on temperatures required for polycondensation of amino acids: Journal of Molecular Evolution, v. 15, p. 539.}"
}

@misc{fox1980the15,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "The origins of behavior in macromolecules and protocells",
    year = "1980",
    howpublished = "Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, v. 67B, p. 423-436",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1980, The origins of behavior in macromolecules and protocells: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, v. 67B, p. 423-436.}"
}

@phdthesis{fox1980the31,
    author = "Fox, S. W. and Nakashima, T",
    title = "The assembly and properties of protobiological structures",
    year = "1980",
    publisher = "the beginnings of cellular peptide synthesis: BioSystems, v. 12, p. 155-166",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., and Nakashima, T., 1980, The assembly and properties of protobiological structures: the beginnings of cellular peptide synthesis: BioSystems, v. 12, p. 155-166.}"
}

@phdthesis{corliss1981an2,
    author = "Corliss, J. B. and Baross, J. A. and Hoffman, S. E",
    title = "An hypothesis concerning the relationship between submarine hot springs and the origin of life on Earth",
    year = "1981",
    publisher = "Oceanologica Acta NoSP, p. 59-69",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Corliss, J. B., Baross, J. A., and Hoffman, S. E., 1981, An hypothesis concerning the relationship between submarine hot springs and the origin of life on Earth: Oceanologica Acta NoSP, p. 59-69.}"
}

@phdthesis{fox1981a19,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "A model for protocellular coordination of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, in Kageyama, M., Nakamura, K., Oshima, T., and Uchida, T., eds., Science and Scientists",
    year = "1981",
    publisher = "Tokyo, Japan Science Society Press, p. 39-45",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1981, A model for protocellular coordination of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, in Kageyama, M., Nakamura, K., Oshima, T., and Uchida, T., eds., Science and Scientists: Tokyo, Japan Science Society Press, p. 39-45.}"
}

@misc{fox1981amino24,
    author = "Fox, S. W. and Harada, K. and Hare, P. E",
    title = "Amino acids from the Moon",
    year = "1981",
    howpublished = "Notes on meteorites: Subcellular Biochemistry, v. 8, p. 357-373",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., Harada, K., and Hare, P. E., 1981, Amino acids from the Moon: Notes on meteorites: Subcellular Biochemistry, v. 8, p. 357-373.}"
}

@misc{fox1981an17,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "An acid test",
    year = "1981",
    howpublished = "Nature, v. 294, p. 688",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1981, An acid test: Nature, v. 294, p. 688.}"
}

@misc{fox1981from18,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "From inanimate matter to living systems",
    year = "1981",
    howpublished = "American Biology Teacher, v. 43, no. 3, p. 127-135, 140",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1981, From inanimate matter to living systems: American Biology Teacher, v. 43, no. 3, p. 127-135, 140.}"
}

@book{fox1981how20,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "How many theories for the origin of (proto)life?, in Srinivasan, R., ed., Biomolecular Structure, Conformation, Function and Evolution",
    year = "1981",
    publisher = "Oxford, Pergamon Press, p. 643-646",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1981, How many theories for the origin of (proto)life?, in Srinivasan, R., ed., Biomolecular Structure, Conformation, Function and Evolution: Oxford, Pergamon Press, p. 643-646.}"
}

@phdthesis{fox1981origins21,
    author = "Fox, S. W",
    title = "Origins of the protein synthesis cycle",
    year = "1981",
    publisher = "International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, v. QBS8, p. 441-454",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., 1981, Origins of the protein synthesis cycle: International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, v. QBS8, p. 441-454.}"
}

@misc{heinz1981the44,
    author = "Heinz, B. and Ried, W",
    title = "The formation of chromophores through amino acids thermolysis and their possible role as prebiotic photoreceptors",
    year = "1981",
    howpublished = "BioSystems, v. 14, p. 33-40",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Heinz, B., and Ried, W., 1981, The formation of chromophores through amino acids thermolysis and their possible role as prebiotic photoreceptors: BioSystems, v. 14, p. 33-40.}"
}

@misc{ishima1981electrical47,
    author = "Ishima, Y. and Pryzbylski, A. and Fox, S. W",
    title = "Electrical membrane phenomena in spherules from protenoid and lecithin",
    year = "1981",
    howpublished = "BioSystems, v. 13, p. 243-251",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Ishima, Y., Pryzbylski, A., and Fox, S. W., 1981, Electrical membrane phenomena in spherules from protenoid and lecithin: BioSystems, v. 13, p. 243-251.}"
}

@article{fox1982the32,
    author = "Fox, S. W. and Nakashima, T. and Przyblyski, A. and Syren, R. M",
    title = "The updated experimental proteinoid model",
    year = "1982",
    journal = "International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, v. QBS 9, p. 195-204",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fox, S. W., Nakashima, T., Przyblyski, A., and Syren, R. M., 1982, The updated experimental proteinoid model: International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, v. QBS 9, p. 195-204.}"
}

@phdthesis{chang1983prebiotic1,
    author = "Chang, S. and DesMarais, D. and Mack, R. and Miller, S. L. and Strathearn, G. E",
    title = "Prebiotic Organic Synthesis and the Origin of Life, in Schopf, J. W., ed., Earth's Earliest Biosphere",
    year = "1983",
    publisher = "Its Origin and Evolution: Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, p. 53-92",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Chang, S., DesMarais, D., Mack, R., Miller, S. L., and Strathearn, G. E., 1983, Prebiotic Organic Synthesis and the Origin of Life, in Schopf, J. W., ed., Earth's Earliest Biosphere: Its Origin and Evolution: Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, p. 53-92.}"
}

@incollection{matsuno1984conceptual,
    author = "Matsuno, Koichiro",
    title = "Conceptual Origin of Thermal Heteropolycondensation of Amino Acids",
    year = "1984",
    booktitle = "Molecular Evolution and Protobiology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4640-1\_2",
    doi = "10.1007/978-1-4684-4640-1\_2",
    pages = "11-13"
}

@misc{monastersky1988vents54,
    author = "Monastersky, R",
    title = "Vents Would Scald a Primordial Soup",
    year = "1988",
    howpublished = "Science News, v. 134, p. 117",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Monastersky, R., 1988, Vents Would Scald a Primordial Soup: Science News, v. 134, p. 117.}"
}

@article{fox1995thermal,
    author = "Fox, Sidney W.",
    title = "Thermal synthesis of amino acids and the origin of life",
    year = "1995",
    journal = "Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00037-z",
    doi = "10.1016/0016-7037(95)00037-z",
    number = "6",
    pages = "1213-1214",
    volume = "59"
}

Amino acids can be synthesized from inanimate matter through processes independent of living organisms. An overview of these processes occurring in various environments, including interstellar media, is given with a special emphasis on Strecker synthesis and related processes compatible with primitive Earth conditions. When analyzing their relevance to the origin of life, chemical pathways leading to α‐amino acids from activated precursors may be considered independent from further polymerization into peptides promoted by activating agents. Alternatively, both processes may also be connected to each other so that the emergence of amino acids and the prebiotic formation of peptide may have been closely associated. The last possibility is that prebiotic chemistries of amino acids and nucleotides may have been cooperating with each other in a way that led to the emergence of the genetic code and to a rudimentary translation apparatus.

@misc{pascal2008origins,
    author = "Pascal, Robert and Boiteau, Laurent",
    title = "Origins of Life: Emergence of Amino Acids",
    year = "2008",
    booktitle = "Wiley Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology",
    abstract = "Amino acids can be synthesized from inanimate matter through processes independent of living organisms. An overview of these processes occurring in various environments, including interstellar media, is given with a special emphasis on Strecker synthesis and related processes compatible with primitive Earth conditions. When analyzing their relevance to the origin of life, chemical pathways leading to α‐amino acids from activated precursors may be considered independent from further polymerization into peptides promoted by activating agents. Alternatively, both processes may also be connected to each other so that the emergence of amino acids and the prebiotic formation of peptide may have been closely associated. The last possibility is that prebiotic chemistries of amino acids and nucleotides may have been cooperating with each other in a way that led to the emergence of the genetic code and to a rudimentary translation apparatus.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470048672.wecb423",
    doi = "10.1002/9780470048672.wecb423",
    pages = "1-7"
}

During pregnancy, amino acids are important biomolecules that play essential roles in fetal growth and development. Imbalanced amino acid intake during gestation may produce long-term morphological or functional changes in offspring, for example, developmental programming that increases the risk of developing hypertension in later life. Conversely, supplementation with specific amino acids could reverse the programming processes in early life, which may counteract the rising epidemic of hypertension. This review provides an overview of the evidence supporting the importance of amino acids during pregnancy and fetal development, the impact of amino acids on blood pressure regulation, insight from animal models in which amino acids were used to prevent hypertension of developmental origin, and interactions between amino acids and the common mechanisms underlying development programming of hypertension. A better understanding of the pathophysiological roles of specific amino acids and their interactions in developmental programming of hypertension is essential so that pregnant mothers are able to benefit from accurate amino acid supplementation during pregnancy in order to prevent hypertension development in their children.

@article{hsu2020amino,
    author = "Hsu, Chien-Ning and Tain, You-Lin",
    title = "Amino Acids and Developmental Origins of Hypertension",
    year = "2020",
    journal = "Nutrients",
    abstract = "During pregnancy, amino acids are important biomolecules that play essential roles in fetal growth and development. Imbalanced amino acid intake during gestation may produce long-term morphological or functional changes in offspring, for example, developmental programming that increases the risk of developing hypertension in later life. Conversely, supplementation with specific amino acids could reverse the programming processes in early life, which may counteract the rising epidemic of hypertension. This review provides an overview of the evidence supporting the importance of amino acids during pregnancy and fetal development, the impact of amino acids on blood pressure regulation, insight from animal models in which amino acids were used to prevent hypertension of developmental origin, and interactions between amino acids and the common mechanisms underlying development programming of hypertension. A better understanding of the pathophysiological roles of specific amino acids and their interactions in developmental programming of hypertension is essential so that pregnant mothers are able to benefit from accurate amino acid supplementation during pregnancy in order to prevent hypertension development in their children.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061763",
    doi = "10.3390/nu12061763",
    number = "6",
    pages = "1763",
    volume = "12"
}

@article{karkashadze2023origin,
    author = "Karkashadze, Nino and Uridia, Rusudan and Tserodze, Nana and Kavtaradze, Nino and Dolidze, Liparit and Zedginidze, Revaz",
    title = "ORIGIN OF TWENTY PROTEINOGENIC AMINO ACIDS",
    year = "2023",
    journal = "GEORGIAN SCIENTISTS",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.52340/gs.2023.05.01.15",
    doi = "10.52340/gs.2023.05.01.15"
}