Turnover rates

Insular species diversities, and their dependence on island size and isolation, have been postulated to represent a dynamic equilibrium between species immigration rates and species extinction rates. This interpretation has been tested by determining the land and freshwater birds breeding on the nine Channel Islands off southern California in 1968 and comparing the results with a similar survey for the years up to 1917. Most of the islands were found to be in equilibrium as to number of species, but between 17 and 62 per cent of the 1917 breeding species had disappeared by 1968, and an approximately equal number of new immigrant species had become established. Percentage turnover rates vary inversely as insular species diversities, with no effect of distance apparent.

@article{diamond1969avifaunal,
    author = "Diamond, Jared M.",
    title = "AVIFAUNAL EQUILIBRIA AND SPECIES TURNOVER RATES ON THE CHANNEL ISLANDS OF CALIFORNIA",
    year = "1969",
    journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences",
    abstract = "Insular species diversities, and their dependence on island size and isolation, have been postulated to represent a dynamic equilibrium between species immigration rates and species extinction rates. This interpretation has been tested by determining the land and freshwater birds breeding on the nine Channel Islands off southern California in 1968 and comparing the results with a similar survey for the years up to 1917. Most of the islands were found to be in equilibrium as to number of species, but between 17 and 62 per cent of the 1917 breeding species had disappeared by 1968, and an approximately equal number of new immigrant species had become established. Percentage turnover rates vary inversely as insular species diversities, with no effect of distance apparent.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.64.1.57",
    doi = "10.1073/pnas.64.1.57",
    number = "1",
    pages = "57-63",
    volume = "64"
}

@inproceedings{diamond1969avifaunal1,
    author = "Diamond, J. M",
    title = "Avifaunal equilibria and species turnover rates on the channel islands of California",
    year = "1969",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 64, p. 57-63",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Diamond, J. M., 1969, Avifaunal equilibria and species turnover rates on the channel islands of California: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 64, p. 57-63.}"
}

Insular species diversities, and their dependence on island size and isolation, have been postulated to represent a dynamic equilibrium between species immigration rates and species extinction rates. This interpretation has been tested by determining the land and freshwater birds breeding on the nine Channel Islands off southern California in 1968 and comparing the results with a similar survey for the years up to 1917. Most of the islands were found to be in equilibrium as to number of species, but between 17 and 62 per cent of the 1917 breeding species had disappeared by 1968, and an approximately equal number of new immigrant species had become established. Percentage turnover rates vary inversely as insular species diversities, with no effect of distance apparent.

@article{doi101073pnas64157,
    author = "Diamond, J M",
    title = "Avifaunal equilibria and species turnover rates on the channel islands of california.",
    year = "1969",
    journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
    abstract = "Insular species diversities, and their dependence on island size and isolation, have been postulated to represent a dynamic equilibrium between species immigration rates and species extinction rates. This interpretation has been tested by determining the land and freshwater birds breeding on the nine Channel Islands off southern California in 1968 and comparing the results with a similar survey for the years up to 1917. Most of the islands were found to be in equilibrium as to number of species, but between 17 and 62 per cent of the 1917 breeding species had disappeared by 1968, and an approximately equal number of new immigrant species had become established. Percentage turnover rates vary inversely as insular species diversities, with no effect of distance apparent.",
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC286125/",
    doi = "10.1073/pnas.64.1.57",
    pmcid = "PMC286125",
    pmid = "16591783"
}

@article{lynch1974turnover,
    author = "Lynch, James F. and Johnson, Ned K.",
    title = "Turnover and Equilibria in Insular Avifaunas, with Special Reference to the California Channel Islands",
    year = "1974",
    journal = "The Condor",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/1365812",
    doi = "10.2307/1365812",
    number = "4",
    pages = "370",
    volume = "76"
}

Measurements of species turnover in island bird communities demonstrate two trends with increasing census interval t: (i) Apparent turnover rates T decrease greatly with t, and (ii) the coefficient of variation of T decreases asymptotically to a constant value. These effects are predicted by a statistical model whose parameters are the immigration and extinction probabilities of each species. Available bird censuses at intervals of decades underestimate turnover rates by about an order of magnitude.

@article{diamond1977species,
    author = "Diamond, Jared M. and May, Robert M.",
    title = "Species Turnover Rates on Islands: Dependence on Census Interval",
    year = "1977",
    journal = "Science",
    abstract = "Measurements of species turnover in island bird communities demonstrate two trends with increasing census interval t: (i) Apparent turnover rates T decrease greatly with t, and (ii) the coefficient of variation of T decreases asymptotically to a constant value. These effects are predicted by a statistical model whose parameters are the immigration and extinction probabilities of each species. Available bird censuses at intervals of decades underestimate turnover rates by about an order of magnitude.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.197.4300.266",
    doi = "10.1126/science.197.4300.266",
    number = "4300",
    pages = "266-270",
    volume = "197"
}

@article{nilsson1983are,
    author = "Nilsson, Sven G. and Nilsson, Ingvar N.",
    title = "Are Estimated Species Turnover Rates on Islands Largely Sampling Errors?",
    year = "1983",
    journal = "The American Naturalist",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1086/284087",
    doi = "10.1086/284087",
    number = "4",
    pages = "595-597",
    volume = "121"
}

@article{miller1984earwigs,
    author = "Miller, Scott E.",
    title = "Earwigs of the California Channel Islands, With Noteson Other Species in California (Dermaptera)",
    year = "1984",
    journal = "Psyche: A Journal of Entomology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1155/1984/46216",
    doi = "10.1155/1984/46216",
    number = "1-2",
    pages = "47-50",
    volume = "91"
}

@article{wright1985how,
    author = "Wright, S. Joseph",
    title = "How Isolation Affects Rates of Turnover of Species on Islands",
    year = "1985",
    journal = "Oikos",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/3544708",
    doi = "10.2307/3544708",
    number = "2",
    pages = "331",
    volume = "44"
}

@incollection{junak2007the,
    author = "Junak, Steve and Knapp, Denise A. and Robert Haller, J. and Philbrick, Ralph and Schoenherr, Allan and Keeler-Wolf, Todd",
    title = "The California Channel Islands",
    year = "2007",
    booktitle = "Terrestrial Vegetation of California, 3rd Edition",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520249554.003.0009",
    doi = "10.1525/california/9780520249554.003.0009",
    pages = "229-252"
}

@incollection{crossref20199,
    title = "9. The California Channel Islands",
    year = "2019",
    booktitle = "Terrestrial Vegetation of California, 3rd Edition",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520933361-011",
    doi = "10.1525/9780520933361-011",
    pages = "229-252"
}

@incollection{gordon2019channel,
    author = "Gordon, Janet Hammond",
    title = "Channel Islands (California), Geology",
    year = "2019",
    booktitle = "Encyclopedia of Islands",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520943728-038",
    doi = "10.1525/9780520943728-038",
    pages = "161-164"
}