Turtles

@book{parks1933new1,
    author = "Parks, W. A",
    title = "New species of dinosaurs and turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Formations of Alberta",
    year = "1933",
    publisher = "University of Toronto Studies, Geological Series, v. 34, p. 1-19",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Parks, W. A., 1933, New species of dinosaurs and turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Formations of Alberta: University of Toronto Studies, Geological Series, v. 34, p. 1-19.}"
}

@misc{irish1965stratigraphy,
    author = "Irish, E J W",
    title = "Stratigraphy and Structure, Upper Cretaceous Formations of the Alberta Plains",
    year = "1965",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4095/121994",
    doi = "10.4095/121994"
}

@book{zangeri1969the2,
    author = "Zangeri, R",
    title = "The Turtle Shell, in Gans, C., ed., Biology of the Reptilia",
    year = "1969",
    publisher = "London and New York, Academic Press, v. 1 [Morphology A], p. 311- 339",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Zangeri, R., 1969, The Turtle Shell, in Gans, C., ed., Biology of the Reptilia: London and New York, Academic Press, v. 1 [Morphology A], p. 311- 339.}"
}

@article{kim1983cretaceous,
    author = "Kim, Haang-Mook",
    title = "Cretaceous Dinosaurs from Korea",
    year = "1983",
    journal = "Journal of the Geological Society of Korea",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.14770/jgsk.1983.19.3.115",
    doi = "10.14770/jgsk.1983.19.3.115",
    number = "3",
    pages = "115-126",
    volume = "19"
}

@article{oconnell1992sequence,
    author = "O'CONNELL, SHAUN C., Alberta Geolog",
    title = "Sequence Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Milk River and Lea Park Formations, Alberta",
    year = "1992",
    journal = "AAPG Bulletin",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1306/f4c8eac6-1712-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    doi = "10.1306/f4c8eac6-1712-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    volume = "76"
}

@article{benjaminjrostron1995widespread,
    author = "Benjamin J. Rostron, Jozsef Toth",
    title = "Wide-Spread Underpressures in the Cretaceous Formations of West-Central Alberta, Canada: ABSTRACT",
    year = "1995",
    journal = "AAPG Bulletin",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1306/7834f2c7-1721-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    doi = "10.1306/7834f2c7-1721-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    volume = "79"
}

@article{meng1995therian,
    author = "Meng, Jin and Fox, Richard C.",
    title = "Therian Petrosals From the Oldman and Milk River Formations (Late Cretaceous), Alberta, Canada",
    year = "1995",
    journal = "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1995.10011212",
    doi = "10.1080/02724634.1995.10011212",
    number = "1",
    pages = "122-130",
    volume = "15"
}

The Late Cretaceous of Alberta preserves one of the most complete records of fossil turtles within a single geographic area in North America. The Cenomanian Dunvegan Formation contains the earliest record of the family Trionychidae in North America. The Santonian Milk River Formation contains a minimum of ten taxa with Adocus, a small trionychid, and a member of the Solemydidae being the most abundant. Diversity remains high in the mid-Campanian Judith River Group. The solemyidid last occurs in the basal beds of the Judith River Group. A member of the Macrobaenidae first occurs in the Dinosaur Park Formation, the uppermost formation in the Judith River Group. Turtles diversity is low in the late Campanian lower Horseshoe Canyon Formation, and they are absent in the early Maastrichtian upper Horseshoe Canyon Formation. Diversity increases in the late Maastrichtian Scollard Formation, although it is much less than in the contemporaneous Hell Creek Formation of Montana. Two of the taxa present in the Scollard Formation, Compsemys and Plastomenus, occur in late Campanian or early Maastrichtian formations in more southerly areas of North America. The changes in turtle diversity through the Campanian and Maastrichtian are interpreted as a result of shifts in a latitudinal turtle diversity gradient resulting from changes in climate. Based on this interpretation a decrease in temperature from the mid-Campanian to early Maastrichtian, followed by a rapid increase at the beginning of the late Maastrichtian is supported.

@article{brinkman2003a,
    author = "Brinkman, Donald B",
    title = "A review of nonmarine turtles from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta",
    year = "2003",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences",
    abstract = "The Late Cretaceous of Alberta preserves one of the most complete records of fossil turtles within a single geographic area in North America. The Cenomanian Dunvegan Formation contains the earliest record of the family Trionychidae in North America. The Santonian Milk River Formation contains a minimum of ten taxa with Adocus, a small trionychid, and a member of the Solemydidae being the most abundant. Diversity remains high in the mid-Campanian Judith River Group. The solemyidid last occurs in the basal beds of the Judith River Group. A member of the Macrobaenidae first occurs in the Dinosaur Park Formation, the uppermost formation in the Judith River Group. Turtles diversity is low in the late Campanian lower Horseshoe Canyon Formation, and they are absent in the early Maastrichtian upper Horseshoe Canyon Formation. Diversity increases in the late Maastrichtian Scollard Formation, although it is much less than in the contemporaneous Hell Creek Formation of Montana. Two of the taxa present in the Scollard Formation, Compsemys and Plastomenus, occur in late Campanian or early Maastrichtian formations in more southerly areas of North America. The changes in turtle diversity through the Campanian and Maastrichtian are interpreted as a result of shifts in a latitudinal turtle diversity gradient resulting from changes in climate. Based on this interpretation a decrease in temperature from the mid-Campanian to early Maastrichtian, followed by a rapid increase at the beginning of the late Maastrichtian is supported.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/e02-080",
    doi = "10.1139/e02-080",
    number = "4",
    pages = "557-571",
    volume = "40"
}

@article{arbour2014the,
    author = "Arbour, Victoria M. and Currie, Philip J. and Badamgarav, Demchig",
    title = "The ankylosaurid dinosaurs of the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot and Nemegt formations of Mongolia",
    year = "2014",
    journal = "Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12185",
    doi = "10.1111/zoj.12185",
    number = "3",
    pages = "631-652",
    volume = "172"
}

Previously reported and new specimens of marine turtles from the late Campanian of Alberta, Canada, provide additional information on the diversity and distribution of chelonioid turtles at this time. An articulated carapace from the Bearpaw Formation previously interpreted as Lophochelys niobrarae is considered to be a juvenile of a specifically indeterminate chelonioid and is referred to Lophochelys sp. Isolated neurals and a hyoplastron from nonmarine estuarine deposits in the uppermost beds of the Dinosaur Park Formation are tentatively referred to Lophochelys sp. These specimens suggest that this chelonioid could enter freshwater environments. A new chelonioid, Kimurachelys slobodae gen. et sp. nov., is recognized on the basis of two mandibles and a maxilla from the uppermost beds of the Dinosaur Park Formation of southeastern Alberta. A partial postcranial skeleton of an indeterminate chelonioid from the Bearpaw Formation provides additional evidence that chelonioids of this formation included taxa that were phylogenetically intermediate between chelonioids of the late Santonian and members of the crown group.

@article{brinkman2015marine,
    author = "Brinkman, Donald B. and Densmore, Michael and Rabi, Márton and Ryan, Michael J. and Evans, David C.",
    title = "Marine turtles from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada",
    year = "2015",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences",
    abstract = "Previously reported and new specimens of marine turtles from the late Campanian of Alberta, Canada, provide additional information on the diversity and distribution of chelonioid turtles at this time. An articulated carapace from the Bearpaw Formation previously interpreted as Lophochelys niobrarae is considered to be a juvenile of a specifically indeterminate chelonioid and is referred to Lophochelys sp. Isolated neurals and a hyoplastron from nonmarine estuarine deposits in the uppermost beds of the Dinosaur Park Formation are tentatively referred to Lophochelys sp. These specimens suggest that this chelonioid could enter freshwater environments. A new chelonioid, Kimurachelys slobodae gen. et sp. nov., is recognized on the basis of two mandibles and a maxilla from the uppermost beds of the Dinosaur Park Formation of southeastern Alberta. A partial postcranial skeleton of an indeterminate chelonioid from the Bearpaw Formation provides additional evidence that chelonioids of this formation included taxa that were phylogenetically intermediate between chelonioids of the late Santonian and members of the crown group.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0189",
    doi = "10.1139/cjes-2014-0189",
    number = "8",
    pages = "581-589",
    volume = "52"
}

@article{lehman2025turtles,
    author = "Lehman, Thomas M. and Tomlinson, Susan L. and Shiller, Thomas A. and Wick, Steven L.",
    title = "Turtles of the Aguja and Javelina formations, Upper Cretaceous (Campanian – Maastrichtian), west Texas",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "Cretaceous Research",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106145",
    doi = "10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106145",
    pages = "106145",
    volume = "174"
}