United states

Mississippi is considered to be a proved oil province. Possibilities of future petroleum provinces within the state must underlie those which are currently producing. Practically the entire stratigraphic sequence from Ordovician to Recent is represented in Mississippi (Fig. 111). Most of the current production is from rocks of Upper Cretaceous age. Some fields are producing from the Wilcox of Eocene age; a few wells have been completed in the Comanche series of Lower Cretaceous age; and a few in the Claiborne formation of Eocene age. The depleted Amory field produced gas from the Chester (Upper Mississippian). The area of Mississippi is 48,865 square miles. The section of sedimentary rocks is 5,000 feet thick in a small area in northwestern Mississippi and is estimated as 30,000 feet or more thick in the southwestern part of the state. South Alabama.—The south half of Alabama includes 22,000 square miles and is underlain by a sedimentary section varying in thickness from zero at the contact of the sedimentary-basement complex to possibly more than 25,000 feet on the coast in the vicinity of Mobile. The total volume of these sediments is probably in excess of 55,000 cubic miles. The post-Paleozoic sediments range in age from Jurassic to Recent and are composed of shale, sand, and limestone. The regional structure of south Alabama is that of a south-southwest-dipping homocline, interrupted in southwest Alabama by the Hatchetigbee anticline and the Jackson fault, located in Choctaw, Clarke, and Washington counties. South Alabama has one producing oil field, the

@incollection{crossref1951southeastern,
    title = "Southeastern United States",
    year = "1951",
    booktitle = "Possible Future Petroleum Provinces of North America",
    abstract = "Mississippi is considered to be a proved oil province. Possibilities of future petroleum provinces within the state must underlie those which are currently producing. Practically the entire stratigraphic sequence from Ordovician to Recent is represented in Mississippi (Fig. 111). Most of the current production is from rocks of Upper Cretaceous age. Some fields are producing from the Wilcox of Eocene age; a few wells have been completed in the Comanche series of Lower Cretaceous age; and a few in the Claiborne formation of Eocene age. The depleted Amory field produced gas from the Chester (Upper Mississippian). The area of Mississippi is 48,865 square miles. The section of sedimentary rocks is 5,000 feet thick in a small area in northwestern Mississippi and is estimated as 30,000 feet or more thick in the southwestern part of the state. South Alabama.—The south half of Alabama includes 22,000 square miles and is underlain by a sedimentary section varying in thickness from zero at the contact of the sedimentary-basement complex to possibly more than 25,000 feet on the coast in the vicinity of Mobile. The total volume of these sediments is probably in excess of 55,000 cubic miles. The post-Paleozoic sediments range in age from Jurassic to Recent and are composed of shale, sand, and limestone. The regional structure of south Alabama is that of a south-southwest-dipping homocline, interrupted in southwest Alabama by the Hatchetigbee anticline and the Jackson fault, located in Choctaw, Clarke, and Washington counties. South Alabama has one producing oil field, the",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1306/sv27345c33",
    doi = "10.1306/sv27345c33",
    pages = "259-264"
}

@misc{swain1964cretaceous,
    author = "Swain, Frederick M. and Brown, Philip M.",
    title = "Cretaceous Ostracoda from wells in the southeastern United States /",
    year = "1964",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.63514",
    doi = "10.5962/bhl.title.63514"
}

@article{lerman1965evolution1,
    author = "Lerman, A",
    title = "Evolution of Exogyra in the Late Cretaceous of the southeastern United States",
    year = "1965",
    journal = "Journal of Paleontology, v. 39, p. 414-435",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Lerman, A., 1965, Evolution of Exogyra in the Late Cretaceous of the southeastern United States: Journal of Paleontology, v. 39, p. 414-435.}"
}

@article{aiken1973the,
    author = "Aiken, Charles S.",
    title = "The Evolution of Cotton Ginning in the Southeastern United States",
    year = "1973",
    journal = "Geographical Review",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/213411",
    doi = "10.2307/213411",
    number = "2",
    pages = "196",
    volume = "63"
}

@article{watts1980the,
    author = "Watts, W A",
    title = "The Late Quaternary Vegetation History of the Southeastern United States",
    year = "1980",
    journal = "Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.002131",
    doi = "10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.002131",
    number = "1",
    pages = "387-409",
    volume = "11"
}

Paleosols are well preserved beneath Upper Cretaceous continental sediments from the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain to the northern Mississippi Embayment. These buried soils are remnants of land surfaces that weathered during Cretaceous time and formed on several rock types, including Precambrian(?) metamorphic rocks and Paleozoic limestone and sandstone. Most soil profiles have distinctive morphologic features and exhibit pedogenic horizon zonation with ferruginous and clay-rich B horizons grading downward to saprolite and parent material within 7 m. Organic matter is not preserved, but pedotubules, which we interpret as fossil roots or burrows, are present in many paleosols. Illuvial and residual concentrations of Al 2O 3and Fe 2O 3occur in upper soil horizons where kaolinite and halloysite are the principal clay minerals. A variety of precursor minerals, including 2:1 lattice clays, muscovite, feldspar, and biotite, are present in the lower part of the soil profiles. Variations in pedogenesis were caused by differences in parent material and by local geomorphic factors such as paleoslope and drainage. The rates of paleosol development and the residence times of the various land surfaces are uncertain, but the times of burial and preservation range from Cenomanian to early Maestrichtian. Chemical and mineralogic characteristics of these paleosols are similar to those of modern soils of tropical to subtropical climates; however, the fossil soils may be polycyclic, and their pedogenic characteristics could have been modified by postburial diagenesis. Climatic reconstructions based on paleobotanical, lithostratigraphic, and paleotemperature data from Cretaceous sediments support our interpretation that these paleosols formed in a warm, humid environment on well-vegetated piedmont surfaces.

@incollection{sigleo1988paleosols,
    author = "Sigleo, Wayne and Reinhardt, Juergen",
    title = "Paleosols from some Cretaceous environments in the southeastern United States",
    year = "1988",
    booktitle = "Paleosols and Weathering Through Geologic Time: Principles and Applications",
    abstract = "Paleosols are well preserved beneath Upper Cretaceous continental sediments from the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain to the northern Mississippi Embayment. These buried soils are remnants of land surfaces that weathered during Cretaceous time and formed on several rock types, including Precambrian(?) metamorphic rocks and Paleozoic limestone and sandstone. Most soil profiles have distinctive morphologic features and exhibit pedogenic horizon zonation with ferruginous and clay-rich B horizons grading downward to saprolite and parent material within 7 m. Organic matter is not preserved, but pedotubules, which we interpret as fossil roots or burrows, are present in many paleosols. Illuvial and residual concentrations of Al 2O 3and Fe 2O 3occur in upper soil horizons where kaolinite and halloysite are the principal clay minerals. A variety of precursor minerals, including 2:1 lattice clays, muscovite, feldspar, and biotite, are present in the lower part of the soil profiles. Variations in pedogenesis were caused by differences in parent material and by local geomorphic factors such as paleoslope and drainage. The rates of paleosol development and the residence times of the various land surfaces are uncertain, but the times of burial and preservation range from Cenomanian to early Maestrichtian. Chemical and mineralogic characteristics of these paleosols are similar to those of modern soils of tropical to subtropical climates; however, the fossil soils may be polycyclic, and their pedogenic characteristics could have been modified by postburial diagenesis. Climatic reconstructions based on paleobotanical, lithostratigraphic, and paleotemperature data from Cretaceous sediments support our interpretation that these paleosols formed in a warm, humid environment on well-vegetated piedmont surfaces.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/spe216-p123",
    doi = "10.1130/spe216-p123",
    pages = "123-142"
}

@article{jones1997late,
    author = "JONES, ELIZABETH D. and K, DAVID T.",
    title = "Late Cretaceous Dinosaurs of the Southeastern United States: ABSTRACT",
    year = "1997",
    journal = "AAPG Bulletin",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1306/3b05c14a-172a-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    doi = "10.1306/3b05c14a-172a-11d7-8645000102c1865d",
    volume = "81 (1997)"
}

Quantifying the amount of sulfur (S) released by magmatic activity is very important to accurately assess the climate impact caused by volcanic activity, but it is challenging for pre-Quaternary magmatic activity. During the Aptian-Albian period, the Songliao Basin experienced intense volcanic activity, resulting in the formation of a large volume of volcanic rocks. Among them, the intermediate-acid volcanic rocks of the first member of the Yingcheng Formation were formed in the middle to late Aptian and are characterized by wide distribution and considerable thickness. In addition, the southeastern margin of the Songliao Basin offers excellent outcrop conditions. By detecting the compositions and contents of major and volatile elements in the primary melt inclusions, the melt inclusions are divided into three types according to the evolution stages by the CaO/Al2O3 ratio: Type I (primitive), Type II (relatively evolved) and Type III (most evolved), and Type III melt inclusions are used to replace the missing matrix glass in the parent rock. The aerosols formed by the sulfur release that estimated by the "petrological method" led to the temperature drop in the region, which is consistent with the KAp4 sea level decline event. The study area (5.02 km2) is only 0.019% of the area of the Songliao Basin (2.6 × 104 km2), so the degassing amount of intermediate-acid magma in the first member of the Yingcheng Formation in the whole Songliao Basin was enormous. It is not common to replace matrix glass with melt inclusions that formed in late magmatic evolution, but this may provide a new idea for studying the degassing of pre-Quaternary magmatic activities.

@article{doi101021acsomega5c01937,
    author = "Wang, Yibo and He, Wentong and Shan, Xuanlong",
    title = "Cretaceous Volatile Fluxes from Intermediate-Acid Volcanism in NE China: Climatic Perturbations Triggered by Songliao Basin Magmatism (117-119 Ma).",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "ACS omega",
    abstract = {Quantifying the amount of sulfur (S) released by magmatic activity is very important to accurately assess the climate impact caused by volcanic activity, but it is challenging for pre-Quaternary magmatic activity. During the Aptian-Albian period, the Songliao Basin experienced intense volcanic activity, resulting in the formation of a large volume of volcanic rocks. Among them, the intermediate-acid volcanic rocks of the first member of the Yingcheng Formation were formed in the middle to late Aptian and are characterized by wide distribution and considerable thickness. In addition, the southeastern margin of the Songliao Basin offers excellent outcrop conditions. By detecting the compositions and contents of major and volatile elements in the primary melt inclusions, the melt inclusions are divided into three types according to the evolution stages by the CaO/Al2O3 ratio: Type I (primitive), Type II (relatively evolved) and Type III (most evolved), and Type III melt inclusions are used to replace the missing matrix glass in the parent rock. The aerosols formed by the sulfur release that estimated by the "petrological method" led to the temperature drop in the region, which is consistent with the KAp4 sea level decline event. The study area (5.02 km2) is only 0.019\% of the area of the Songliao Basin (2.6 × 104 km2), so the degassing amount of intermediate-acid magma in the first member of the Yingcheng Formation in the whole Songliao Basin was enormous. It is not common to replace matrix glass with melt inclusions that formed in late magmatic evolution, but this may provide a new idea for studying the degassing of pre-Quaternary magmatic activities.},
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12311679/",
    doi = "10.1021/acsomega.5c01937",
    pmcid = "PMC12311679",
    pmid = "40757295"
}