Utah

@article{woodland1958stratigraphic8,
    author = "Woodland, R. B",
    title = "Stratigraphic significance of Mississippian endothyroid Foraminifera in central Utah",
    year = "1958",
    journal = "Journal of Paleontology, v. 32, p. 791-814",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Woodland, R. B., 1958, Stratigraphic significance of Mississippian endothyroid Foraminifera in central Utah: Journal of Paleontology, v. 32, p. 791-814.}"
}

@article{robison1964upper,
    author = "ROBISON, RICHARD A.",
    title = "Upper Middle Cambrian Stratigraphy of Western Utah",
    year = "1964",
    journal = "Geological Society of America Bulletin",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1964)75[995:umcsow]2.0.co;2",
    doi = "10.1130/0016-7606(1964)75[995:umcsow]2.0.co;2",
    number = "10",
    pages = "995",
    volume = "75"
}

@misc{galton1974iliosuchus4,
    author = "Galton, P. M",
    title = "Iliosuchus, a Jurassic dinosaur from Oxfordshire and Utah",
    year = "1974",
    howpublished = "Palaeontology, v. 19, p. 587-589",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Galton, P. M., 1974, Iliosuchus, a Jurassic dinosaur from Oxfordshire and Utah: Palaeontology, v. 19, p. 587-589.}"
}

@article{madsen1974a5,
    author = "Madsen, J. H",
    title = "A new theropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Utah",
    year = "1974",
    journal = "Journal of Paleontology, v. 48, p. 27-31",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Madsen, J. H., 1974, A new theropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Utah: Journal of Paleontology, v. 48, p. 27-31.}"
}

Marshosaurus bicentesimus (Reptilia: Saurischia), a new theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of east central Utah, is distinct from other Morrison theropods, Allosaurus, Ceratosaurus, and Stokesosaurus, of the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Collection in the unusual character of the type specimen, a left ilium, and in the referred materials, which include the toothbearing elements of the skull and jaw and the complete pelvic girdle. A relatively complete, articulated skeleton of Marshosaurus is unknown at this time.

@article{madsen1976a,
    author = "Madsen, James H.",
    title = "A Second New Theropod Dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of East Central Utah",
    year = "1976",
    journal = "Utah Geology",
    abstract = "Marshosaurus bicentesimus (Reptilia: Saurischia), a new theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of east central Utah, is distinct from other Morrison theropods, Allosaurus, Ceratosaurus, and Stokesosaurus, of the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Collection in the unusual character of the type specimen, a left ilium, and in the referred materials, which include the toothbearing elements of the skull and jaw and the complete pelvic girdle. A relatively complete, articulated skeleton of Marshosaurus is unknown at this time.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.34191/ug-3-1\_51",
    doi = "10.34191/ug-3-1\_51",
    number = "1",
    pages = "51-60",
    volume = "3"
}

@misc{madsen1976a7,
    author = "Madsen, J. H",
    title = "A second new theropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Utah",
    year = "1976",
    howpublished = "Utah Geology, v. 3, p. 51-60",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Madsen, J. H., 1976, A second new theropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Utah: Utah Geology, v. 3, p. 51-60.}"
}

@techreport{madsen1976allosaurus6,
    author = "Madsen, J. H",
    title = "Allosaurus fragilis",
    year = "1976",
    howpublished = "A revised osteology: Bulletin of the Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey, v. 109, p. 1-51",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Madsen, J. H., 1976, Allosaurus fragilis: A revised osteology: Bulletin of the Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey, v. 109, p. 1-51.}"
}

@book{briggs1984exceptionally1,
    author = "Briggs, D. E. G. and Robinson, R. A",
    title = "Exceptionally preserved nontrilobite arthropods and Anomalocaris from the Middle Cambrian of Utah",
    year = "1984",
    publisher = "University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions; Paper 111",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Briggs, D. E. G., and Robinson, R. A., 1984, Exceptionally preserved nontrilobite arthropods and Anomalocaris from the Middle Cambrian of Utah: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions; Paper 111.}"
}

@article{decourten1985a3,
    author = "DeCourten, F. L. and Russell, D. A",
    title = "A specimen of Ornithomimus velox (Theropoda, Ornithomimidae) from the terminal Cretaceous Kaiparowits Formation of Southern Utah",
    year = "1985",
    journal = "Journal of Paleontology, v. 59, p. 1091-1099",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {DeCourten, F. L., and Russell, D. A., 1985, A specimen of Ornithomimus velox (Theropoda, Ornithomimidae) from the terminal Cretaceous Kaiparowits Formation of Southern Utah: Journal of Paleontology, v. 59, p. 1091-1099.}"
}

@book{conwaymorris1986middle2,
    author = "Conway Morris, S. and Robinson, R. A",
    title = "Middle Cambrian priapulids and other soft-bodied fossils from Utah and Spain",
    year = "1986",
    publisher = "University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions; Paper 117",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Conway Morris, S., and Robinson, R. A., 1986, Middle Cambrian priapulids and other soft-bodied fossils from Utah and Spain: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions; Paper 117.}"
}

The Upper Jurassic egg described here is the first known egg from the 100-million-year gap in the fossil record between Lower Jurassic (South Africa) and upper Lower Cretaceous (Utah). The discovery of the egg, which was found mixed in with thousands of dinosaur bones rather than in a nest, the pathological multilayering of the eggshell as found in modern and fossil reptilians, and the pliable condition of the eggshell at the time of burial indicate an oviducal retention of the egg at the time of burial.

@article{hirsch1989upper,
    author = "Hirsch, Karl F. and Stadtman, Kenneth L. and Miller, Wade E. and Madsen, James H.",
    title = "Upper Jurassic Dinosaur Egg from Utah",
    year = "1989",
    journal = "Science",
    abstract = "The Upper Jurassic egg described here is the first known egg from the 100-million-year gap in the fossil record between Lower Jurassic (South Africa) and upper Lower Cretaceous (Utah). The discovery of the egg, which was found mixed in with thousands of dinosaur bones rather than in a nest, the pathological multilayering of the eggshell as found in modern and fossil reptilians, and the pliable condition of the eggshell at the time of burial indicate an oviducal retention of the egg at the time of burial.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.243.4899.1711",
    doi = "10.1126/science.243.4899.1711",
    number = "4899",
    pages = "1711-1713",
    volume = "243"
}

The braincase of the Middle Jurassic basal tetanuran theropod Piatnitzkysaurus floresi is described in detail. It exhibits several probable autapomorphic characters of this taxon, including the extremely shortened and narrow basipterygoid processes, the presence of parasphenoid recesses that seem to communicate with each other, and basipterygoid recesses that are approximately as long anteroposteriorly as they are high. The braincase of Piatnitzkysaurus shows two possible synapomorphies with the enigmatic European Middle Jurassic theropod Piveteausaurus, a subrectangular pituitary fossa that is wider than high and the transverse span between the basipterygoid processes being smaller than the width of the basal tubera. A noteworthy aspect of the braincase of Piatnitzkysaurus is the high number of accessory pneumatic recesses, which indicates that the presence of an anterior and dorsal tympanic recess, and possibly also of subcondylar and basipterygoid recesses is plesiomorphic for tetanurans. In contrast, the bones enclosing the brain (e.g., laterosphenoid, prootic, supraoccipital) are very massive and lack internal pneumatic chambers, as they are present in later tetanurans.

@article{rauhut2004braincase,
    author = "Rauhut, Oliver WM",
    title = "Braincase structure of the Middle Jurassic theropod dinosaur Piatnitzkysaurus",
    year = "2004",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences",
    abstract = "The braincase of the Middle Jurassic basal tetanuran theropod Piatnitzkysaurus floresi is described in detail. It exhibits several probable autapomorphic characters of this taxon, including the extremely shortened and narrow basipterygoid processes, the presence of parasphenoid recesses that seem to communicate with each other, and basipterygoid recesses that are approximately as long anteroposteriorly as they are high. The braincase of Piatnitzkysaurus shows two possible synapomorphies with the enigmatic European Middle Jurassic theropod Piveteausaurus, a subrectangular pituitary fossa that is wider than high and the transverse span between the basipterygoid processes being smaller than the width of the basal tubera. A noteworthy aspect of the braincase of Piatnitzkysaurus is the high number of accessory pneumatic recesses, which indicates that the presence of an anterior and dorsal tympanic recess, and possibly also of subcondylar and basipterygoid recesses is plesiomorphic for tetanurans. In contrast, the bones enclosing the brain (e.g., laterosphenoid, prootic, supraoccipital) are very massive and lack internal pneumatic chambers, as they are present in later tetanurans.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/e04-053",
    doi = "10.1139/e04-053",
    number = "9",
    pages = "1109-1122",
    volume = "41"
}

A new taxon of theropod dinosaur is described as Condorraptor currumili gen. et sp. nov., from the Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Cañadón Asfalto Formation of Chubut Province, Argentinean Patagonia. The taxon is represented by a single fragmentary postcranial skeleton. Although incompletely known, Condorraptor is the second most complete theropod from the Middle Jurassic of Gondwana. The new taxon is characterized by the absence of a posterior incision between the fibular condyle and the medial side of the proximal articular end of the tibia, the pleurocoels in the anterior cervicals being situated posteroventral to the parapophyses, and the presence of a pronounced ‘step’ between the distal articular facet and shaft of Mt IV. Pneumatic features of the vertebral column show strong variation between the left and right side. Condorraptor gen. nov. can be referred to the Tetanurae and is a representative of a global radiation of basal tetanurans in the Early to Mid Jurassic.

@article{rauhut2005osteology,
    author = "RAUHUT, OLIVER W. M.",
    title = "Osteology and relationships of a new theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Patagonia",
    year = "2005",
    journal = "Palaeontology",
    abstract = "A new taxon of theropod dinosaur is described as Condorraptor currumili gen. et sp. nov., from the Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Cañadón Asfalto Formation of Chubut Province, Argentinean Patagonia. The taxon is represented by a single fragmentary postcranial skeleton. Although incompletely known, Condorraptor is the second most complete theropod from the Middle Jurassic of Gondwana. The new taxon is characterized by the absence of a posterior incision between the fibular condyle and the medial side of the proximal articular end of the tibia, the pleurocoels in the anterior cervicals being situated posteroventral to the parapophyses, and the presence of a pronounced ‘step’ between the distal articular facet and shaft of Mt IV. Pneumatic features of the vertebral column show strong variation between the left and right side. Condorraptor gen. nov. can be referred to the Tetanurae and is a representative of a global radiation of basal tetanurans in the Early to Mid Jurassic.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2004.00436.x",
    doi = "10.1111/j.1475-4983.2004.00436.x",
    number = "1",
    pages = "87-110",
    volume = "48"
}

SUMMARY A tridactyl dinosaur track from the Long Nab Member of the Scalby Formation, Burniston Bay, Yorkshire is described and figured. The specimen is the largest known theropod track from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of the Cleveland Basin. It is at least 55 cm long, and has a total divarication of c. 70°, a sub-triangular heel and distinctly clawed digits with digital nodes. The track is used to characterize and redefine morphotype Bxviii of the Cleveland region. The large carnivore that made the print is estimated to have been at least 2.2 m high at the hip. Distinctive underprinted and transmitted preservational features allow the surface on which the track was made to be identified.

@article{whyte2006discovery,
    author = "Whyte, M. A. and Romano, M. and Hudson, J. G. and Watts, W.",
    title = "Discovery of the largest theropod dinosaur track known from the Middle Jurassic of Yorkshire",
    year = "2006",
    journal = "Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society",
    abstract = "SUMMARY A tridactyl dinosaur track from the Long Nab Member of the Scalby Formation, Burniston Bay, Yorkshire is described and figured. The specimen is the largest known theropod track from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of the Cleveland Basin. It is at least 55 cm long, and has a total divarication of c. 70°, a sub-triangular heel and distinctly clawed digits with digital nodes. The track is used to characterize and redefine morphotype Bxviii of the Cleveland region. The large carnivore that made the print is estimated to have been at least 2.2 m high at the hip. Distinctive underprinted and transmitted preservational features allow the surface on which the track was made to be identified.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1144/pygs.56.2.77",
    doi = "10.1144/pygs.56.2.77",
    number = "2",
    pages = "77-80",
    volume = "56"
}

A new theropod dinosaur, Shidaisaurus jinae gen. et sp. nov., has been described on the basis of an incomplete skeleton. The specimen was found near the base of the Upper Lufeng Formation (early Middle Jurassic) in Yunnan, China. It is the first theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Yunnan. Shidaisaurus jinae is distinguishable from other Jurassic theropods by certain features from the braincase, axis, and pelvic girdle. The absence of any pleurocoels in the axis or in any anterior dorsal vertebrae suggests that the new Lufeng theropod is relatively primitive and more plesiomorphic than most of the Middle to Late Jurassic theropods from China. Most Chinese taxa of Jurassic theropod dinosaurs have not been well described; a further detailed study will be necessary for us to determine their phylogenetic relationships with Shidaisaurus jinae.

@article{wu2009a,
    author = "WU, Xiao‐chun and CURRIE, Philip J. and DONG, Zhiming and PAN, Shigang and WANG, Tao",
    title = "A New Theropod Dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Lufeng, Yunnan, China",
    year = "2009",
    journal = "Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition",
    abstract = "A new theropod dinosaur, Shidaisaurus jinae gen. et sp. nov., has been described on the basis of an incomplete skeleton. The specimen was found near the base of the Upper Lufeng Formation (early Middle Jurassic) in Yunnan, China. It is the first theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Yunnan. Shidaisaurus jinae is distinguishable from other Jurassic theropods by certain features from the braincase, axis, and pelvic girdle. The absence of any pleurocoels in the axis or in any anterior dorsal vertebrae suggests that the new Lufeng theropod is relatively primitive and more plesiomorphic than most of the Middle to Late Jurassic theropods from China. Most Chinese taxa of Jurassic theropod dinosaurs have not been well described; a further detailed study will be necessary for us to determine their phylogenetic relationships with Shidaisaurus jinae.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00002.x",
    doi = "10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00002.x",
    number = "1",
    pages = "9-24",
    volume = "83"
}

@article{benson2010a,
    author = "Benson, Roger B.J. and Radley, Jonathan D.",
    title = "A New Large-Bodied Theropod Dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Warwickshire, United Kingdom",
    year = "2010",
    journal = "Acta Palaeontologica Polonica",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2009.0083",
    doi = "10.4202/app.2009.0083",
    number = "1",
    pages = "35-42",
    volume = "55"
}

@article{nouri2011tetradactyl,
    author = "Nouri, Jaouad and Díaz-Martínez, Ignacio and Pérez-Lorente, Félix",
    title = "Tetradactyl Footprints of an Unknown Affinity Theropod Dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Morocco",
    year = "2011",
    journal = "PLoS ONE",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026882",
    doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0026882",
    number = "12",
    pages = "e26882",
    volume = "6"
}

Metriacanthosaurid theropods represent a basal-branching lineage of tetanurans. Members of this clade are mainly medium to large-sized and lived in Laurasia during the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. In this clade, Sinraptor dongi, Sinraptor hepingensis, and Yangchuanosarus shangyouensis from the Late Jurassic are well represented by the nearly complete specimens, but the incompleteness of Middle Jurassic taxa hinders our knowledge of the origin and early evolution of Metriacanthosauridae. This paper describes a new genus and species of metriacanthosaurids, Yuanmouraptor jinshajiangensis gen. et sp. nov, from the Middle Jurassic Zhanghe Formation of Yunnan Province, China. The new taxon is represented by a cranium and the anterior section of the vertebral column including the complete cervical series and the first dorsal vertebra. Yuanmouraptor jinshajiangensis can be diagnosed based on the following autapomorphies: the anterior process of postorbital sheet-shaped and keeping consistent depth; ventral ramus of postorbital bearing a laterally twisted trough running along its lateral surface; ventral surface of axial intercentrum parallel with that of axial centrum; discontinuity of inclination on anterodorsal margin of the third and fourth cervical vertebrae; strongly posteriorly elongated epipophyses of anterior cervical vertebrae; deeply excavated pneumatic foramina on the third cervical vertebra; sheet-shaped and subrectangular neural spines of posterior cervical vertebrae. Phylogenetic analysis recovers Yuanmouraptor as the most basal-branching member within Metriacanthosauridae and provides a new alternative phylogenetic topology of non-coelurosaurian tetanurans.

@article{zou2025a,
    author = "Zou, Yi and Chen, Li and Wang, Tao and Wang, Guo-Fu and Zhang, Wei-Gang and Zhang, Xiao-Qin and Wang, Zhen-Ji and Wu, Xiao-Chun and You, Hai-Lu",
    title = "A new metriacanthosaurid theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Yunnan Province, China",
    year = "2025",
    journal = "PeerJ",
    abstract = "Metriacanthosaurid theropods represent a basal-branching lineage of tetanurans. Members of this clade are mainly medium to large-sized and lived in Laurasia during the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. In this clade, Sinraptor dongi, Sinraptor hepingensis, and Yangchuanosarus shangyouensis from the Late Jurassic are well represented by the nearly complete specimens, but the incompleteness of Middle Jurassic taxa hinders our knowledge of the origin and early evolution of Metriacanthosauridae. This paper describes a new genus and species of metriacanthosaurids, Yuanmouraptor jinshajiangensis gen. et sp. nov, from the Middle Jurassic Zhanghe Formation of Yunnan Province, China. The new taxon is represented by a cranium and the anterior section of the vertebral column including the complete cervical series and the first dorsal vertebra. Yuanmouraptor jinshajiangensis can be diagnosed based on the following autapomorphies: the anterior process of postorbital sheet-shaped and keeping consistent depth; ventral ramus of postorbital bearing a laterally twisted trough running along its lateral surface; ventral surface of axial intercentrum parallel with that of axial centrum; discontinuity of inclination on anterodorsal margin of the third and fourth cervical vertebrae; strongly posteriorly elongated epipophyses of anterior cervical vertebrae; deeply excavated pneumatic foramina on the third cervical vertebra; sheet-shaped and subrectangular neural spines of posterior cervical vertebrae. Phylogenetic analysis recovers Yuanmouraptor as the most basal-branching member within Metriacanthosauridae and provides a new alternative phylogenetic topology of non-coelurosaurian tetanurans.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19218",
    doi = "10.7717/peerj.19218",
    pages = "e19218",
    volume = "13"
}