Variability

@book{yablokov1966variability1,
    author = "Yablokov, A",
    title = "Variability of Mammals",
    year = "1966",
    publisher = "Moscow, USSR, Nauka Publishers",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Yablokov, A., 1966, Variability of Mammals: Moscow, USSR, Nauka Publishers.}"
}

@article{olson1967variability,
    author = "Olson, Everett C. and Yablokov, A. V.",
    title = "Variability in Mammals",
    year = "1967",
    journal = "Journal of Mammalogy",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/1377806",
    doi = "10.2307/1377806",
    number = "3",
    pages = "500",
    volume = "48"
}

@article{polivanov1968variability,
    author = "Polivanov, S.",
    title = "Variability of Mammals. A. Yablokov",
    year = "1968",
    journal = "The Quarterly Review of Biology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1086/405953",
    doi = "10.1086/405953",
    number = "4",
    pages = "470-471",
    volume = "43"
}

@misc{iablokov1974variability,
    author = "I︠A︡blokov, A. V.‏",
    title = "Variability of mammals = Izmenchivost' mlekopitayushchikh",
    year = "1974",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46346",
    doi = "10.5962/bhl.title.46346"
}

@article{stoddart1975variability,
    author = "Stoddart, D. Michael",
    title = "Variability of mammals",
    year = "1975",
    journal = "Nature",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/258779a0",
    doi = "10.1038/258779a0",
    number = "5537",
    pages = "779-779",
    volume = "258"
}

@article{anderson1976variability,
    author = "Anderson, Sydney and Yablokov, A. V. and Valen, L. Van",
    title = "Variability of Mammals.",
    year = "1976",
    journal = "Evolution",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/2407688",
    doi = "10.2307/2407688",
    number = "1",
    pages = "191",
    volume = "30"
}

Deformability is an important aspect of erythrocyte physiology and has been extensively studied using human red cells. We have studied erythrocytes from 25 different animals using a viscometric technique. Erythrocyte diameters ranged from 3.3 microns in the goat to 11.4 microns for the elephant seal. Erythrocytes from most species deformed readily when a fluid shear stress was applied. A deformability index of the stressed cell defined as (length - width)/(length + width) correlated with cell size. The erythrocytes of four animals (pygmy goat, goat, Batanga horse, and miniature horse) deformed less than most species. Camel and llama erythrocytes, which were ellipsoidal, did not deform but oriented in the stress field.

@article{smith1979variability,
    author = "Smith, J. E. and Mohandas, N. and Shohet, S. B.",
    title = "Variability in erythrocyte deformability among various mammals",
    year = "1979",
    journal = "American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology",
    abstract = "Deformability is an important aspect of erythrocyte physiology and has been extensively studied using human red cells. We have studied erythrocytes from 25 different animals using a viscometric technique. Erythrocyte diameters ranged from 3.3 microns in the goat to 11.4 microns for the elephant seal. Erythrocytes from most species deformed readily when a fluid shear stress was applied. A deformability index of the stressed cell defined as (length - width)/(length + width) correlated with cell size. The erythrocytes of four animals (pygmy goat, goat, Batanga horse, and miniature horse) deformed less than most species. Camel and llama erythrocytes, which were ellipsoidal, did not deform but oriented in the stress field.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1979.236.5.h725",
    doi = "10.1152/ajpheart.1979.236.5.h725",
    number = "5",
    pages = "H725-H730",
    volume = "236"
}

@article{vorontsov1980variability,
    author = "Vorontsov, N. N. and Lyapunova, E. A. and Borissov, Yu. M. and Dovgal, V. E.",
    title = "Variability of sex chromosomes in mammals",
    year = "1980",
    journal = "Genetica",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00121845",
    doi = "10.1007/bf00121845",
    number = "1",
    pages = "361-372",
    volume = "52-53"
}

The mammalian ventilatory control system consists of coordinated actions of the central and peripheral nervous systems and muscles of breathing to effect dynamic expansions and contractions of the lungs. Mechanical and chemical feedbacks report on the status of the process in order to keep blood gas tensions of oxygen and carbon dioxide within homeostatic ranges. As a result of the nonlinear interactions of numerous variables, differential phasic delays between efferent and afferent signals, and the presence of noise and environmental perturbations, variables of breathing (tidal volume, cycle durations, etc.) normally exhibit fluctuations over many different time scales. Loss of dynamic flexibility because of central nervous system (CNS) damage or cardiovascular compromise can lead to abnormal and ominous breathing patterns incompatible with life. Mathematical models of ventilatory control instruct on how the breathing system is regulated in health and disease.

@misc{webber2006ventilatory,
    author = "Webber, Charles L. and Zbilut, Joseph P.",
    title = "Ventilatory Pattern Variability in Mammals",
    year = "2006",
    booktitle = "Wiley Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering",
    abstract = "The mammalian ventilatory control system consists of coordinated actions of the central and peripheral nervous systems and muscles of breathing to effect dynamic expansions and contractions of the lungs. Mechanical and chemical feedbacks report on the status of the process in order to keep blood gas tensions of oxygen and carbon dioxide within homeostatic ranges. As a result of the nonlinear interactions of numerous variables, differential phasic delays between efferent and afferent signals, and the presence of noise and environmental perturbations, variables of breathing (tidal volume, cycle durations, etc.) normally exhibit fluctuations over many different time scales. Loss of dynamic flexibility because of central nervous system (CNS) damage or cardiovascular compromise can lead to abnormal and ominous breathing patterns incompatible with life. Mathematical models of ventilatory control instruct on how the breathing system is regulated in health and disease.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1002/9780471740360.ebs1260",
    doi = "10.1002/9780471740360.ebs1260"
}

Hairs are fundamental structures for mammals, serving crucial functions such as thermal insulation and hydrophobicity. In domestic animals, hair is also a valuable source of high-performance fibers for the textile industry, which has led to intensive study. However, there is limited comparative knowledge about the physical properties of hair across different wild mammalian species. In our lab, we are investigating the physical properties of hairs from a diverse range of wild mammalian species, laying the groundwork for an in-depth comparative study. These physical properties can be linked to the internal structures of the hairs. Using polarized light microscopy, we can visualize the internal structure of hairs, which are composed of a hollow channel (medulla) surrounded by a cortex and a keratin cuticle(1). By examining the brown hairs of three distinct mammals—the Patagonian mara, the brown bear, and the Amur tiger—we observe striking differences in their internal structures. We speculate that these structural differences correspond to varying physical properties, which we are currently investigating.

@article{greco2024structural,
    author = "Greco, Gabriele and Rising, Anna",
    title = "Structural interspecies variability of mammals' hairs",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Biophysics Reviews",
    abstract = "Hairs are fundamental structures for mammals, serving crucial functions such as thermal insulation and hydrophobicity. In domestic animals, hair is also a valuable source of high-performance fibers for the textile industry, which has led to intensive study. However, there is limited comparative knowledge about the physical properties of hair across different wild mammalian species. In our lab, we are investigating the physical properties of hairs from a diverse range of wild mammalian species, laying the groundwork for an in-depth comparative study. These physical properties can be linked to the internal structures of the hairs. Using polarized light microscopy, we can visualize the internal structure of hairs, which are composed of a hollow channel (medulla) surrounded by a cortex and a keratin cuticle(1). By examining the brown hairs of three distinct mammals—the Patagonian mara, the brown bear, and the Amur tiger—we observe striking differences in their internal structures. We speculate that these structural differences correspond to varying physical properties, which we are currently investigating.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0225513",
    doi = "10.1063/5.0225513",
    number = "3",
    volume = "5"
}