Volcanism

@misc{doctersvanleeuwen1936krakatau2,
    author = "Docters van Leeuwen, W. M",
    title = "Krakatau, 1833 to 1933",
    year = "1936",
    howpublished = "Ann. Jard. Botan. Buitenzorg, v. 56-57, p. 1-506",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Docters van Leeuwen, W. M., 1936, Krakatau, 1833 to 1933: Ann. Jard. Botan. Buitenzorg, v. 56-57, p. 1-506.}"
}

@misc{postnikova1969new10,
    author = "Postnikova, I. Y. and Kotel'nikov, D. D",
    title = "New data about the signs of volcanic activity in Vendian deposits of Irkutsk cirque",
    year = "1969",
    howpublished = "Academy of Sciences of the USSR Reports, v. 186, no. 5, p. 1146-1149; English translation by American Geological Institute, 1970, Academy of Science, USSR Reports, v.186, No.5, p. 83-86",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Postnikova, I. Y., and Kotel'nikov, D. D., 1969, New data about the signs of volcanic activity in Vendian deposits of Irkutsk cirque: Academy of Sciences of the USSR Reports, v. 186, no. 5, p. 1146-1149; English translation by American Geological Institute, 1970, Academy of Science, USSR Reports, v.186, No.5, p. 83-86.}"
}

@book{macdonald1970volcanoes6,
    author = "Macdonald, G. A. and Abbott, A. T",
    title = "Volcanoes in the Sea",
    year = "1970",
    publisher = "The Geology of Hawaii: Honolulu, Hawaii, University of Hawaii Press, 441 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Macdonald, G. A., and Abbott, A. T., 1970, Volcanoes in the Sea: The Geology of Hawaii: Honolulu, Hawaii, University of Hawaii Press, 441 p.}"
}

@misc{kennett1975global5,
    author = "Kennett, J. P. and Thunnell, R. C",
    title = "Global increase in Quaternary explosive volcanism",
    year = "1975",
    howpublished = "Science, v. 187, p. 497-503",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kennett, J. P., and Thunnell, R. C., 1975, Global increase in Quaternary explosive volcanism: Science, v. 187, p. 497-503.}"
}

@misc{ninkovich1976explosive9,
    author = "Ninkovich, D. and Donn, W. L",
    title = "Explosive Cenozoic volcanism and climatic implications",
    year = "1976",
    howpublished = "Science, v. 194, p. 899-906",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Ninkovich, D., and Donn, W. L., 1976, Explosive Cenozoic volcanism and climatic implications: Science, v. 194, p. 899-906.}"
}

@misc{rampino1979can11,
    author = "Rampino, M. R. and Self, S. and Fairbridge, R. W",
    title = "Can rapid climatic change cause volcanic eruptions?",
    year = "1979",
    howpublished = "Science, v. 206, p. 826-830",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Rampino, M. R., Self, S., and Fairbridge, R. W., 1979, Can rapid climatic change cause volcanic eruptions?: Science, v. 206, p. 826-830.}"
}

@misc{fritz1980stumps3,
    author = "Fritz, W. J",
    title = "Stumps transported and deposited upright by Mount St. Helens mud flows",
    year = "1980",
    howpublished = "Geology, v. 8, p. 586-588",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fritz, W. J., 1980, Stumps transported and deposited upright by Mount St. Helens mud flows: Geology, v. 8, p. 586-588.}"
}

@misc{hoblitt1980mount4,
    author = "Hoblitt, R. P. and Crandell, D. R. and Millineaux, D. R",
    title = "Mount St. Helens eruptive behavior during the parst 1,500 years",
    year = "1980",
    howpublished = "Geology, v. 8, p. 555-559",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hoblitt, R. P., Crandell, D. R., and Millineaux, D. R., 1980, Mount St. Helens eruptive behavior during the parst 1,500 years: Geology, v. 8, p. 555-559.}"
}

@techreport{miller1980potential8,
    author = "Miller, D. C",
    title = "Potential hazards from future eruptions of Mount Shasta volcano, northern California",
    year = "1980",
    howpublished = "United States Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 1503; 43 pp",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Miller, D. C., 1980, Potential hazards from future eruptions of Mount Shasta volcano, northern California: United States Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 1503; 43 pp.}"
}

@article{crossref1981the,
    title = "The Mount St. Helens volcanic eruption of 18 May 1980: minimal climatic effect",
    year = "1981",
    journal = "Deep Sea Research Part B. Oceanographic Literature Review",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0254(81)91747-7",
    doi = "10.1016/0198-0254(81)91747-7",
    number = "12",
    pages = "907",
    volume = "28"
}

@article{decker1981the,
    author = "Decker, Robert and Decker, Barbara",
    title = "The Eruptions of Mount St. Helens",
    year = "1981",
    journal = "Scientific American",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0381-68",
    doi = "10.1038/scientificamerican0381-68",
    number = "3",
    pages = "68-80",
    volume = "244"
}

The concentrations of particles less than 10 micrometers in diameter in the ash emissions from Mount St. Helens have been more than 1000 times greater than those in the ambient air. Mass loadings of particles less than 2 micrometers in diameter were generally several hundred micrograms per cubic meter. In the ash clouds, produced by the large eruption on 18 May 1980, the concentrations of several trace gases generally were low. In other emissions, significant, but variable, concentrations of sulfur gases were measured. The 18 May eruption produced nuées ardentes, lightning flashes, and volcanic hail.

@article{hobbs1981airborne,
    author = "Hobbs, Peter V. and Radke, Lawrence F. and Eltgroth, Mark W. and Hegg, Dean A.",
    title = "Airborne Studies of the Emissions from the Volcanic Eruptions of Mount St. Helens",
    year = "1981",
    journal = "Science",
    abstract = "The concentrations of particles less than 10 micrometers in diameter in the ash emissions from Mount St. Helens have been more than 1000 times greater than those in the ambient air. Mass loadings of particles less than 2 micrometers in diameter were generally several hundred micrograms per cubic meter. In the ash clouds, produced by the large eruption on 18 May 1980, the concentrations of several trace gases generally were low. In other emissions, significant, but variable, concentrations of sulfur gases were measured. The 18 May eruption produced nuées ardentes, lightning flashes, and volcanic hail.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.211.4484.816",
    doi = "10.1126/science.211.4484.816",
    number = "4484",
    pages = "816-818",
    volume = "211"
}

@misc{lipman1981the,
    author = "Lipman, Peter W. and Mullineaux, Donal Ray",
    title = "The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington",
    year = "1981",
    booktitle = "Professional Paper",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1250",
    doi = "10.3133/pp1250"
}

@misc{meler1981hydrologic7,
    author = "Meler, M. F. and Carpenter, P. J. and Janda, R. J",
    title = "Hydrologic effects of Mount St. Helens' 1980 eruption",
    year = "1981",
    howpublished = "Eos, v. 62, no. 33, p. 625-626",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Meler, M. F., Carpenter, P. J., and Janda, R. J., 1981, Hydrologic effects of Mount St. Helens' 1980 eruption: Eos, v. 62, no. 33, p. 625-626.}"
}

An energy-balance numerical climate model was used to simulate the effects of the Mount St. Helens volcanic eruption of 18 May 1980. The resulting surface temperature depression is a maximum of 0.1°C in the winter in the polar region, but is an order of magnitude smaller than the observed natural variability from other effects and will therefore be undetectable.

@article{robock1981the,
    author = "Robock, Alan",
    title = "The Mount St. Helens Volcanic Eruption of 18 May 1980: Minimal Climatic Effect",
    year = "1981",
    journal = "Science",
    abstract = "An energy-balance numerical climate model was used to simulate the effects of the Mount St. Helens volcanic eruption of 18 May 1980. The resulting surface temperature depression is a maximum of 0.1°C in the winter in the polar region, but is an order of magnitude smaller than the observed natural variability from other effects and will therefore be undetectable.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.212.4501.1383",
    doi = "10.1126/science.212.4501.1383",
    number = "4501",
    pages = "1383-1384",
    volume = "212"
}

@misc{foxworthy1982volcanic,
    author = "Foxworthy, B. L. and Hill, Mary",
    title = "Volcanic eruptions of 1980 at Mount St. Helens: The first 100 days",
    year = "1982",
    booktitle = "Professional Paper",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1249",
    doi = "10.3133/pp1249"
}

@article{fraunfelder1983ocular,
    author = "Fraunfelder, F. T. and Kalina, R. E. and Buist, A. S. and Bernstein, R. S. and Johnson, D. S.",
    title = "Ocular Effects Following the Volcanic Eruptions of Mount St Helens",
    year = "1983",
    journal = "Archives of Ophthalmology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010376003",
    doi = "10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010376003",
    number = "3",
    pages = "376-378",
    volume = "101"
}

@article{newell1983workshop,
    author = "Newell, Reginald E.",
    title = "Workshop on Mount St. Helens Eruptions of 1980: Atmospheric Effects and Potential Climatic Impact",
    year = "1983",
    journal = "Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-64.2.154",
    doi = "10.1175/1520-0477-64.2.154",
    number = "2",
    pages = "154-157",
    volume = "64"
}

@article{vincent1983the,
    author = "Vincent, Pierre M.",
    title = "The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington",
    year = "1983",
    journal = "Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90195-3",
    doi = "10.1016/0016-7037(83)90195-3",
    number = "9",
    pages = "1657",
    volume = "47"
}

@article{snelling1984coal12,
    author = "Snelling, A. and Mackay, J",
    title = "Coal volcanism and Noah's Flood",
    year = "1984",
    journal = "Ex Nihilo Technical Journal, v. 1, p. 11-29",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Snelling, A., and Mackay, J., 1984, Coal volcanism and Noah's Flood: Ex Nihilo Technical Journal, v. 1, p. 11-29.}"
}

@techreport{conner1985sixtyfive1,
    author = "Conner, C. W",
    title = "Sixty-five volcanic events recorded in a single coal bed",
    year = "1985",
    howpublished = "Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 69, p. 246",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Conner, C. W., 1985, Sixty-five volcanic events recorded in a single coal bed: Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 69, p. 246.}"
}

@misc{weisburd1987volcanoes13,
    author = "Weisburd, S",
    title = "Volcanoes and extinctions",
    year = "1987",
    howpublished = "Round two: Science News, v. 131, p. 248-250",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Weisburd, S., 1987, Volcanoes and extinctions: Round two: Science News, v. 131, p. 248-250.}"
}

@article{lynch1991mount,
    author = "Lynch, James S.",
    title = "Mount Pinatubo—Explosive Volcanic Eruptions",
    year = "1991",
    journal = "Weather and Forecasting",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(1991)006<0576:mpve>2.0.co;2",
    doi = "10.1175/1520-0434(1991)006<0576:mpve>2.0.co;2",
    number = "4",
    pages = "576-580",
    volume = "6"
}