Westliche USA

@misc{holmes1878188312,
    author = "Holmes, W. H",
    title = "(1883), Report on the Geology of the Yellowstone National Park",
    year = "1878",
    howpublished = "Washington, D.C., United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 57 p.; Annual Report 12, Part 2",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Holmes, W. H., 1878 (1883), Report on the Geology of the Yellowstone National Park: Washington, D.C., United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 57 p.; Annual Report 12, Part 2.}"
}

@techreport{willis1902stratigraphy18,
    author = "Willis, B",
    title = "Stratigraphy and structure, Lewis and Livingstone Ranges, Montana",
    year = "1902",
    howpublished = "Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 13, p. 305-352",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Willis, B., 1902, Stratigraphy and structure, Lewis and Livingstone Ranges, Montana: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 13, p. 305-352.}"
}

@misc{fenneman1931physiography11,
    author = "Fenneman, N. M",
    title = "Physiography of the Western United States",
    year = "1931",
    howpublished = "New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 534 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Fenneman, N. M., 1931, Physiography of the Western United States: New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 534 p.}"
}

@article{brown1943some4,
    author = "Brown, R. W",
    title = "Some prehistoric trees of the United States",
    year = "1943",
    journal = "Journal of Forestry, v. 41, p. 861-868",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Brown, R. W., 1943, Some prehistoric trees of the United States: Journal of Forestry, v. 41, p. 861-868.}"
}

@techreport{bradley1948limnology2,
    author = "Bradley, W. H",
    title = "Limnologie und die Eozän-Seen der Rocky-Mountain-Region",
    year = "1948",
    howpublished = "Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 59, p. 635-648",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Bradley, W. H., 1948, Limnologie und die Eozän-Seen der Rocky-Mountain-Region: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 59, p. 635-648.}"
}

@article{cobban1952correlation,
    author = "COBBAN, WILLIAM A. und REESIDE, JOHN B.",
    title = "CORRELATION OF THE CRETACEOUS FORMATIONS OF THE WESTERN INTERIOR OF THE UNITED STATES",
    year = "1952",
    journal = "Geological Society of America Bulletin",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1952)63[1011:cotcfo]2.0.co;2",
    doi = "10.1130/0016-7606(1952)63[1011:cotcfo]2.0.co;2",
    number = "10",
    pages = "1011",
    volume = "63"
}

@techreport{cobban1952correlation9,
    author = "Cobban, W. A. und Reeside, J. B. und Jr",
    title = "Korrelation der Kreideformationen des westlichen Binnenlandes der Vereinigten Staaten",
    year = "1952",
    howpublished = "Bulletin der Geological Society of America, v. 63, p. 1011-1044",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Cobban, W. A., und Reeside, J. B., Jr., 1952, Korrelation der Kreideformationen des westlichen Binnenlandes der Vereinigten Staaten: Bulletin der Geological Society of America, v. 63, p. 1011-1044.}"
}

@misc{stebbins1954amphibians17,
    author = "Stebbins, R. C",
    title = "Amphibians and Reptiles of Western North America",
    year = "1954",
    howpublished = "New York, McGraw-Hill",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Stebbins, R. C., 1954, Amphibians and Reptiles of Western North America: New York, McGraw-Hill.}"
}

@article{cobban1961the5,
    author = "Cobban, W. A",
    title = "The ammonite family Binneyitidae Reeside in the western interior of the United States",
    year = "1961",
    journal = "Journal of Paleontology, v. 35, p. 737-758",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Cobban, W. A., 1961, The ammonite family Binneyitidae Reeside in the western interior of the United States: Journal of Paleontology, v. 35, p. 737-758.}"
}

@article{cobban1962baculites6,
    author = "Cobban, W. A",
    title = "Baculites aus dem unteren Teil des Pierre Shale und äquivalenten Gesteinen im westlichen Inneren",
    year = "1962",
    journal = "Journal of Paleontology, v. 36, p. 704-718",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Cobban, W. A., 1962, Baculites aus dem unteren Teil des Pierre Shale und äquivalenten Gesteinen im westlichen Inneren: Journal of Paleontology, v. 36, p. 704-718.}"
}

@article{cobban1962new7,
    author = "Cobban, W. A",
    title = "New Baculites from the Bearpaw Shale and equivalent rocks of the western interior",
    year = "1962",
    journal = "Journal of Paleontology, v. 36, p. 126-135",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Cobban, W. A., 1962, New Baculites from the Bearpaw Shale and equivalent rocks of the western interior: Journal of Paleontology, v. 36, p. 126-135.}"
}

@article{eicher1965cretaceous,
    author = "Eicher, Don L.",
    title = "Cretazische Tintinniden aus dem westlichen Inneren der Vereinigten Staaten",
    year = "1965",
    journal = "Micropaleontology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/1484780",
    doi = "10.2307/1484780",
    number = "4",
    pages = "449",
    volume = "11"
}

@book{morrison1965correlation16,
    author = "Morrison, R. B. und Frye, J. C",
    title = "Korrelation der mittleren und späten Quartär-Ablagerungen des Lake Lahontan Lake Bonneville Rocky Mountain (Wasatch Range), der südlichen Great Plains und der östlichen Midwest-Gebiete",
    year = "1965",
    publisher = "Las Vegas, Nevada, Nevada Bureau of Mines, University of Nevada, 45 S.; Bericht 9",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Morrison, R. B., und Frye, J. C., 1965, Korrelation der mittleren und späten Quartär-Ablagerungen des Lake Lahontan Lake Bonneville Rocky Mountain (Wasatch Range), der südlichen Great Plains und der östlichen Midwest-Gebiete: Las Vegas, Nevada, Nevada Bureau of Mines, University of Nevada, 45 S.; Bericht 9.}"
}

@misc{kauffman1967cretaceous13,
    author = "Kauffman, E. G",
    title = "Cretaceous Thyasira from the western interior of North America",
    year = "1967",
    howpublished = "Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 152, no. 1, p. 1- 159",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Kauffman, E. G., 1967, Cretaceous Thyasira from the western interior of North America: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 152, no. 1, p. 1- 159.}"
}

@misc{cobban1969the8,
    author = "Cobban, W. A",
    title = "The Late Cretaceous ammonites Scaphites leei Reeside und Scaphites hippocrepis (DeKay) im westlichen Binnenland der Vereinigten Staaten, 619 des United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper",
    year = "1969",
    howpublished = "S. 1-29",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Cobban, W. A., 1969, The Late Cretaceous ammonites Scaphites leei Reeside und Scaphites hippocrepis (DeKay) im westlichen Binnenland der Vereinigten Staaten, 619 des United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper: S. 1-29.}"
}

@article{eicher1970lunatriella,
    author = "Eicher, Don L. und Worstell, Paula",
    title = "Lunatriella, ein kreidezeitlicher Heterohelicid-Foraminifer aus dem westlichen Inneren der Vereinigten Staaten",
    year = "1970",
    journal = "Micropaleontology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/1484852",
    doi = "10.2307/1484852",
    number = "1",
    pages = "117",
    volume = "16"
}

@book{brandt1974possible3,
    author = "Brandt, J. C. und Maran, S. P. und Williamson, R. und Harrington, R. und Cochran, C. und Kennedy, M. und Kennedy, W. und Chamberlain, V",
    title = "Mögliche Felskunst-Aufzeichnungen der Krebsnebel-Supernova in den westlichen Vereinigten Staaten, in Aveni, A. F., Hrsg., Archäoastronomie in präkolumbianischem Amerika",
    year = "1974",
    publisher = "Austin, Texas, University of Texas Press",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Brandt, J. C., Maran, S. P., Williamson, R., Harrington, R., Cochran, C., Kennedy, M., Kennedy, W., und Chamberlain, V., 1974, Possible Rock Art Records of the Crab Nebula Supernova in the Western United States, in Aveni, A. F., ed., Archeoastronomy in Pre-Columbian America: Austin, Texas, University of Texas Press.}"
}

@misc{barnes1975the1,
    author = "Barnes, F. A",
    title = "The case of the bones in stone",
    year = "1975",
    howpublished = "Desert Magazine, v. 38, no. 2, p. 36-39",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Barnes, F. A., 1975, The case of the bones in stone: Desert Magazine, v. 38, no. 2, p. 36-39.}"
}

Das Western Interior der Vereinigten Staaten enthält eine wichtige Sequenz von mittleren Cenomanium bis spätem Turonium Ammoniten. Ammoniten aus dem nördlichen Teil des Western Interior sind meist Formen der Nordtemperaten Zone, wohingegen die aus dem südlichen Teil eine Mischung aus tethyischen und nordtemperaten Formen sind. Die Ammoniten-Sukzession im südlichen Teil kann feiner zonal unterteilt werden als die im nördlichen Teil und bietet bessere Möglichkeiten für internationale Korrelation. In der Zonierung wird die Grenze zwischen mittlerem und oberem Cenomanium an der Spitze der Zone von Plesiacanthoceras aff. P. wyomingense gesetzt. Die Spitze des Cenomaniums wird an der Spitze der Zone von Neocardioceras juddii gezogen, wie in einer 1981er Studie von C. W. Wright und W. J. Kennedy empfohlen. Mammites nodosoides, das drei Zonen höher vorkommt, wird in Europa jedoch meist als basales Turonium angesehen, obwohl Wright und Kennedy nun eine Zone von Watinoceras coloradoense an der Basis erkannt haben, die unter der Zone von Mammites nodosoides liegt. Im Western Interior ist W. coloradoense auf die Zone von Vascoceras (Greenhornoceras) birchbyi beschränkt, die von der Zone von Neocardioceras juddii durch eine Zone von Pseudaspidoceras flexuosum getrennt ist. Da die Ammoniten in letzterer Zone eng mit denen in der Zone von V. birchbyi verwandt sind, scheint eine turonische Zuordnung für die Zone von P. flexuosum am besten zu sein. Collignoniceras woollgari, das weit verbreitet in Europa, Asien und Nordamerika ist, wird meist als mittleres Turonium in einer dreifachen Unterteilung und als spätes Turonium in einer zweifachen Unterteilung angesehen. Ich betrachte die Art als Kennzeichnung der Basis des mittleren Turoniums. Wo jedoch die Spitze des mittleren Turoniums zu setzen ist, ist ein Problem. Da der beste fauna!-Bruch an der Spitze der Zone von Prionocyclus hyatti liegt, wird dort die Grenze in diesem Bericht gesetzt. Inoceramide in der Zone von P. hyatti sind durch Formen gekennzeichnet, die eine radiale Depression haben wie das mittlere Turonium Inoceramus hobetsensis von Japan. Die Spitze des Turoniums wird hier an der Spitze der Zone von Prionocyclus quadratus festgelegt. Fossilien dieser Zone umfassen Inoceramide der fiegei-dresdensis-Gruppe, die in Europa entweder als sehr spätes Turonium oder als sehr frühes Coniacium betrachtet wurden. Prionocyclus quadratus ist die jüngste Art einer Linie von Prionocycliden. Diese Art wird von Forresteria (Solgerites) des Coniacium-Alters abgelöst.

@article{cobban1984midcretaceous,
    author = "Cobban, William A.",
    title = "Mid-Cretaceous ammonite zones, Western Interior, United States",
    year = "1984",
    journal = "Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark",
    abstract = "The Western Interior of the United States contains an important sequence of middle Cenomanian-late Turonian ammonites. Ammonites from the northern part of the Western Interior are mostly North Temperate forms, whereas those from the southern part are a mixture of Tethyan and North Temperate forms. The ammonite succession in the southern part can be more finely zoned than that of the northern part, and offers better possibilities for international correlation. In the zonation, the boundary between the middle and upper Cenomanian is placed at the top of the zone of Plesiacanthoceras aff. P. wyomingense. The top of the Cenomanian is drawn at the top of the zone of Neocardioceras juddii as recommended in a 1981 study by C. W. Wright and W. J. Kennedy. However, Mammites nodosoides, which occurs three zones higher, is usually regarded in Europe as basal Turonian, although Wright and Kennedy have now recognized a zone of Watinoceras coloradoense at the base, which lies below the zone of Mammites nodosoides. In the Western Interior, W. coloradoense is restricted to the zone of Vascoceras (Greenhornoceras) birchbyi, which is separated from the zone of Neocardioceras juddii by a zone of Pseudaspidoceras flexuosum. Inasmuch as the ammonites in the latter zone are closely related to those in the zone of V. birchbyi, a Turonian assignment seems best for the zone of P. flexuosum. Collignoniceras woollgari, which is widely distributed in Europe, Asia, and North America, is usually regarded as middle Turonian in a threefold division and late Turonian in a twofold division. I consider the species to mark the base of the middle Turonian. Where to place the top of the middle Turonian, however, is a problem. Inasmuch as the best fauna! break is at the top of the zone of Prionocyclus hyatti, that is where the boundary is placed in this report. Inoceramids in the zone of P. hyatti are characterized by forms having a radial depression like the middle Turonian Inoceramus hobetsensis of Japan. The top of the Turonian is designated here at the top of the zone of Prionocyclus quadratus. Fossils of this zone include inoceramids of the fiegei-dresdensis group, which in Europe have been considered either very late Turonian in age or very early Coniacian. Prionocyclus quadratus is the youngest species of a lineage of prionocyclids. This species is succeeded by Forresteria (Solgerites) of Coniacian Age.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1984-33-06",
    doi = "10.37570/bgsd-1984-33-06",
    pages = "71-89",
    volume = "33"
}

@misc{dorn1984chronometric10,
    author = "Dorn, R. I. und Whitley, D. S",
    title = "Chronometrische und relative Altersbestimmung von Petroglyphen in den westlichen Vereinigten Staaten",
    year = "1984",
    howpublished = "Annals, Association of American Geographers, v. 74, p. 308-322",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Dorn, R. I., und Whitley, D. S., 1984, Chronometric and relative age determination of petroglyphs in the Western United States: Annals, Association of American Geographers, v. 74, p. 308-322.}"
}

@misc{laferriere1987effects14,
    author = "Laferriere, A. P. und Hattin, D. E. und Archer, A. W",
    title = "Auswirkungen von Klima, Tektonik und Meeresspiegeländerungen auf rhythmische Schichtungs muster in der Niobrara-Formation (Oberkreide), U.S. Western Interior",
    year = "1987",
    howpublished = "Geology, v. 15, p. 233-236",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Laferriere, A. P., Hattin, D. E., und Archer, A. W., 1987, Auswirkungen von Klima, Tektonik und Meeresspiegeländerungen auf rhythmische Schichtungs muster in der Niobrara-Formation (Oberkreide), U.S. Western Interior: Geology, v. 15, p. 233-236.}"
}

@misc{lehman1987late15,
    author = "Lehman, T. M",
    title = "Späte Maastrichtische Paläoumgebungen und Dinosaurier-Biogeographie im westlichen Inneren Nordamerikas",
    year = "1987",
    howpublished = "Palaeogeographie, Palaeoklimatologie, Paläoökologie, v. 60, p. 189-217",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Lehman, T. M., 1987, Späte Maastrichtische Paläoumgebungen und Dinosaurier-Biogeographie im westlichen Inneren Nordamerikas: Palaeogeographie, Palaeoklimatologie, Paläoökologie, v. 60, p. 189-217.}"
}

@article{wright1987stratification,
    author = "WRIGHT, ELLEN KROGH",
    title = "Stratification and paleocirculation of the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North America",
    year = "1987",
    journal = "Geological Society of America Bulletin",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<480:sapotl>2.0.co;2",
    doi = "10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<480:sapotl>2.0.co;2",
    number = "4",
    pages = "480",
    volume = "99"
}

@article{eicher1989origin,
    author = "Eicher, Don L. und Diner, Richard",
    title = "Ursprung der kreidezeitlichen Bridge Creek-Zyklen im westlichen Binnenland der Vereinigten Staaten",
    year = "1989",
    journal = "Paläogeographie, Paläoklimatologie, Paläoökologie",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(89)90023-0",
    doi = "10.1016/0031-0182(89)90023-0",
    number = "1-2",
    pages = "127-146",
    volume = "74"
}

@misc{arthur1993cretaceous,
    author = "Arthur, M.A.",
    title = "Cretaceous shallow drilling, US Western Interior: Core research",
    year = "1993",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2172/6595241",
    doi = "10.2172/6595241"
}

@article{kennedy2000late,
    author = "KENNEDY, W. J. und LANDMAN, N. H. und COBBAN, W. A. und SCOTT, G. R.",
    title = "LATE CAMPANIAN (CRETACEOUS) HETEROMORPH AMMONITES FROM THE WESTERN INTERIOR OF THE UNITED STATES",
    year = "2000",
    journal = "Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090(2000)251<0001:lcchaf>2.0.co;2",
    doi = "10.1206/0003-0090(2000)251<0001:lcchaf>2.0.co;2",
    number = "1",
    pages = "1",
    volume = "251"
}

@inproceedings{anddaly2025distribution,
    author = "Daly, Peter und Rosensaft, Marcelo und Hussaini, Bushra und Landman, Neil",
    title = "Verteilung des spätkreidezeitlichen Ammoniten Hoploscaphites im westlichen Inneren Nordamerikas",
    year = "2025",
    booktitle = "Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2025am-6880",
    doi = "10.1130/abs/2025am-6880"
}

@misc{andpangNonetectonic,
    author = "Pang, Ming",
    title = "Tektonische Absenkung des westinterioren Beckens des Kreidezeitalters in den Vereinigten Staaten.",
    year = "None",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.31390/gradschool\_disstheses.5926",
    doi = "10.31390/gradschool\_disstheses.5926"
}