Biocharacters

@article{osborn1917biocharacters,
    author = "Osborn, Henry Fairfield",
    title = "Biocharacters as Separable Units of Organic Structure",
    year = "1917",
    journal = "The American Naturalist",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1086/279623",
    doi = "10.1086/279623",
    number = "608",
    pages = "449-456",
    volume = "51"
}

@article{sahni1928xix,
    author = "Sahni, M.R.",
    title = "XIX.— Morphology and evolution of certain Jurassic Terebratulids",
    year = "1928",
    journal = "Annals and Magazine of Natural History",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932808672863",
    doi = "10.1080/00222932808672863",
    number = "7",
    pages = "114-138",
    volume = "2"
}

@article{sandidge1933foraminifera,
    author = "Sandidge, John R.",
    title = "Foraminifera from the Jurassic in Montana",
    year = "1933",
    journal = "American Midland Naturalist",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/2420019",
    doi = "10.2307/2420019",
    number = "2",
    pages = "174",
    volume = "14"
}

@article{weynschenk1956some,
    author = "Weynschenk, Robert",
    title = "Some Rare Jurassic Index Foraminifera",
    year = "1956",
    journal = "Micropaleontology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/1484182",
    doi = "10.2307/1484182",
    number = "3",
    pages = "283",
    volume = "2"
}

@book{barnard1963evolution1,
    author = "Barnard, T",
    title = "Evolution in certain biocharacters of selected Jurassic Lagenidae, in von Koenigswald, G. H. R., ed., Evolutionary Trends in Foraminifera",
    year = "1963",
    publisher = "Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 79-92",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Barnard, T., 1963, Evolution in certain biocharacters of selected Jurassic Lagenidae, in von Koenigswald, G. H. R., ed., Evolutionary Trends in Foraminifera: Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 79-92.}"
}

@article{vanvalen1965evolutionary,
    author = "van Valen, Leigh",
    title = "Evolutionary Trends in Foraminifera. G. H. R. von Koenigswald, J. D. Emeis, W. L. Buning, C. W. Wagner",
    year = "1965",
    journal = "The Quarterly Review of Biology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1086/404560",
    doi = "10.1086/404560",
    number = "2",
    pages = "188-189",
    volume = "40"
}

@article{gordon1970biogeography,
    author = "GORDON, W. A.",
    title = "Biogeography of Jurassic Foraminifera",
    year = "1970",
    journal = "Geological Society of America Bulletin",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1689:bojf]2.0.co;2",
    doi = "10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1689:bojf]2.0.co;2",
    number = "6",
    pages = "1689",
    volume = "81"
}

@article{bhalla1978jurassic,
    author = "Bhalla, S. N. and Abbas, S. M.",
    title = "Jurassic Foraminifera from Kutch, India",
    year = "1978",
    journal = "Micropaleontology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/1485248",
    doi = "10.2307/1485248",
    number = "2",
    pages = "160",
    volume = "24"
}

@article{gradstein1978jurassic,
    author = "Gradstein, F. M.",
    title = "Jurassic Grand Banks foraminifera",
    year = "1978",
    journal = "The Journal of Foraminiferal Research",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.8.2.97",
    doi = "10.2113/gsjfr.8.2.97",
    number = "2",
    pages = "97-109",
    volume = "8"
}

Das erste Auftreten ausgewählter Biocharaktere der gefäßhaltigen Landpflanzen im Fossilbericht ist dokumentiert. Die aufeinanderfolgenden Vorkommen dieser Biocharaktere belegen die Evolution zunehmend komplexerer Morphologie und Anatomie während der Silur- und Devon-Zeiten.

@article{banks1981time,
    author = "Banks, Harlan P.",
    title = "Time of appearance of some plant biocharacters during Siluro-Devonian time",
    year = "1981",
    journal = "Canadian Journal of Botany",
    abstract = "The first occurrence in the fossil record of selected biocharacters of the vascular land plants is recorded. The successive appearance of these biocharacters documents the evolution of progressively more complex morphology and anatomy during Silurian and Devonian times.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1139/b81-173",
    doi = "10.1139/b81-173",
    number = "7",
    pages = "1292-1296",
    volume = "59"
}

@article{görög1994early,
    author = "Görög, Ágnes and Gorog, Agnes",
    title = "Early Jurassic Planktonic Foraminifera from Hungary",
    year = "1994",
    journal = "Micropaleontology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/1485819",
    doi = "10.2307/1485819",
    number = "3",
    pages = "255",
    volume = "40"
}

@incollection{crossref2018koenigswald,
    title = "Koenigswald",
    year = "2018",
    booktitle = "Koch, Jurij - Kokontis",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110579024-087",
    doi = "10.1515/9783110579024-087",
    pages = "164-165"
}

Globuligerina glinskikhae nov. sp. Gradstein & Waskowska und Globuligerina waskowskae nov. sp. Gradstein sind neue Arten von jurassischen planktonischen Foraminiferen aus dem Mittleren Jura von Dagestan und Polen. G. glinskikhae nov. sp. mit ihrer bemerkenswerten ‚protoglobigerinen‘ Schale könnte ein früher evolutiver Seitenzweig von Globuligerina oxfordiana (Grigelis) sein. Sie könnte ein Index-Taxon für das obere Bajozän bis Bajonium-Schichten in Osteuropa und Südwestasien sein und könnte auch in Dünnschliffen erkennbar sein. Wir betrachten G. waskowskae nov. sp. als möglichen Vorläufer von Conoglobigerina helvetojurassica (Haeusler), der ersten planktonischen Foraminiferenart mit retikulierter Wandtextur. Derzeit ist sie nur aus Polen bekannt. In einigen Lokalitäten besitzen Exemplare von G. oxfordiana und von G. glinskikhae nov. sp. eine zusätzliche Aperturöffnung, der oft ein Rand fehlt; deren Funktion ist rätselhaft. Die postulierte Linie von der jurassischen Globuligerina balakhmatovae (Morozova) zu der kreidezeitlichen Clavihedbergella eocretacea Neagu wird mit der Beschreibung von Petaloglobigerina simmonsi nov. gen., nov. sp. Gradstein aus dem Kimmeridgium Portugals verfeinert. Der evolutionäre Übergang von G. balakhmatovae zu P. simmonsi erfolgt durch die ontogenetische Entwicklung einer petaloiden Schale, mit einer ausgeprägten Abflachung der Windung mit eiförmigen Kammern, wobei die letzten oft versetzt und verdreht sind. Jurassische planktonische Foraminiferen, die heute als drei Gattungen und 12+ Arten bekannt sind, durchliefen lange Perioden der Stasis, unterbrochen durch evolutionäre Änderungen im späten Bajozän, mittleren Oxfordium und frühen Kimmeridgium. Die drei ‚Stasis and root‘-Taxa G. oxfordiana, G. bathoniana und G. balakhmat ovae sind geographisch weit verbreitet in unteren bis mittleren Paläobreiten und stratigraphisch langreichweitig innerhalb des Mittleren und Späten Jura. Moderne digitale Mikroskope mit koaxialer und seitlicher LED-Beleuchtung sowie hervorragender Bild-Stacking-Software sind wichtige Werkzeuge bei der Untersuchung jurassischer planktonischer Foraminiferen und zugleich schnelle und kosteneffiziente Kommunikationswerkzeuge in der modernen Mikropaläontologie. ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A2927FFD-8C2B-4712-A06F-EE9D45ACA481.

@article{gradstein2021new,
    author = "Gradstein, Felix and Waskowska, Anna",
    title = "New insights into the taxonomy and evolution of Jurassic planktonic foraminifera",
    year = "2021",
    journal = "Swiss Journal of Palaeontology",
    abstract = "Globuligerina glinskikhae nov. sp. Gradstein \& Waskowska and Globuligerina waskowskae nov. sp. Gradstein are new species of Jurassic planktonic foraminifera from the Middle Jurassic of Dagestan and Poland. G. glinskikhae nov. sp. with its remarkable ‘protoglobigerine’ test may be an early evolutionary offshoot of Globuligerina oxfordiana (Grigelis). It may be an index taxon for upper Bajocian through Bathonian strata in Eastern Europe and Southwest Asia, and might be recognizable also in thin sections. We consider G. waskowskae nov. sp. to be a possible forerunner of Conoglobigerina helvetojurassica (Haeusler), the first planktonic foraminiferal species with a reticulate wall texture. Currently, is only known from Poland. In some localities, specimens of G. oxfordiana and of G. glinskikhae nov. sp. posses an additional apertural opening, often lacking a rim; its function is enigmatic. The postulated lineage from Jurassic Globuligerina balakhmatovae (Morozova) to Cretaceous Clavihedbergella eocretacea Neagu is refined with the description of Petaloglobigerina simmonsi nov. gen., nov. sp. Gradstein from the Kimmeridgian of Portugal. The evolutionary transition from G. balakhmatovae to P. simmonsi occurs by means of the ontogenic development of a petaloid test, with a pronounced flattening of the whorl with ovate chambers, the last ones often offset and twisted. Jurassic planktonic foraminifera, now known to consist of three genera and 12+ species underwent long periods of stasis, interrupted by late Bajocian, mid-Oxfordian and early Kimmeridgian evolution. The three ‘stasis and root’ taxa G. oxfordiana, G. bathoniana and G. balakhmat ovae are geographically widespread in lower to mid palaeo-latitudes, and stratigraphically long ranging within the Middle and Late Jurassic. Modern digital microscopes, with co-axial and side LED lighting and excellent image stacking software are important tools in the study of Jurassic planktonic foraminifera, and fast and cost-effective communication tools in modern micropalaeontology. ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A2927FFD-8C2B-4712-A06F-EE9D45ACA481.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-020-00214-8",
    doi = "10.1186/s13358-020-00214-8",
    number = "1",
    volume = "140"
}