Biomolecules

@article{crossref1918pines,
    title = "Pines",
    year = "1918",
    journal = "Bulletin of popular information - Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5962/p.320888",
    doi = "10.5962/p.320888",
    number = "17",
    openalex = "W4247026914",
    pages = "68-68",
    volume = "4"
}

@article{bryan1962additional,
    author = "Bryan, W. C. and Zak, B.",
    title = "Additional Syntheses of Mycorrhizae on Shortleaf and Loblolly Pines",
    year = "1962",
    journal = "Forest Science",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/8.4.384",
    doi = "10.1093/forestscience/8.4.384",
    number = "4",
    openalex = "W4414887062",
    pages = "384-384",
    volume = "8"
}

@incollection{choughuley1984onecarbon,
    author = "Choughuley, A. S. U.",
    title = "One-Carbon Compounds in the Prebiotic Syntheses of Biomolecules",
    year = "1984",
    booktitle = "Molecular Evolution and Protobiology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4640-1\_7",
    doi = "10.1007/978-1-4684-4640-1\_7",
    openalex = "W9573488",
    pages = "63-81",
    references = "doi101002anie196200751, doi1010160003986161900339, doi1010160006291x60901388, doi1010160016703779900590, doi101016s0040403901994870, doi101021ja01614a001, doi101126science1173046528, doi101130001676061951621111ghosw20co2, openalexw1564144063, openalexw2983085323"
}

@article{carruthers1988emerging,
    author = "Carruthers, P",
    title = "Emerging syntheses in modern science",
    year = "1988",
    journal = "European Journal of Physics",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/9/2/005",
    doi = "10.1088/0143-0807/9/2/005",
    number = "2",
    openalex = "W2084506731",
    pages = "110-115",
    volume = "9"
}

@misc{frauenfelder1988biomolecules1,
    author = "Frauenfelder, H",
    title = "Biomolecules, in Pines, D., ed., Emerging Syntheses in Science",
    year = "1988",
    howpublished = "Redwood City, California, Addison-Wesley",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Frauenfelder, H., 1988, Biomolecules, in Pines, D., ed., Emerging Syntheses in Science: Redwood City, California, Addison-Wesley.}"
}

Das entstehende Feld der Emotionsregulation untersucht, wie Menschen beeinflussen, welche Emotionen sie haben, wann sie sie haben und wie sie diese erleben und ausdrücken. Dieser Überblick nimmt eine Evolution-Perspektive ein und charakterisiert Emotionen in Bezug auf Reaktionstendenzen. Emotionsregulation wird definiert und abgegrenzt von Bewältigung, Stimmungsregulation, Abwehr und Affektregulation. In der immer stärker spezialisierten Disziplin Psychologie überschreitet das Feld der Emotionsregulation traditionelle Grenzen und schafft gemeinsamen Boden. Laut einem Prozessmodell der Emotionsregulation kann Emotion an fünf Punkten im Entstehungsprozess von Emotion reguliert werden: (a) Auswahl der Situation, (b) Modifikation der Situation, (c) Lenkung der Aufmerksamkeit, (d) Änderung der Kognitionen und (e) Modulation von Reaktionen. Das Feld der Emotionsregulation verspricht neue Einsichten in alte Fragen darüber, wie Menschen mit ihren Emotionen umgehen.

@article{doi1010371089268023271,
    author = "Gross, James J.",
    title = "The Emerging Field of Emotion Regulation: An Integrative Review",
    year = "1998",
    journal = "Review of General Psychology",
    abstract = "The emerging field of emotion regulation studies how individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them, and how they experience and express them. This review takes an evolutionary perspective and characterizes emotion in terms of response tendencies. Emotion regulation is defined and distinguished from coping, mood regulation, defense, and affect regulation. In the increasingly specialized discipline of psychology, the field of emotion regulation cuts across traditional boundaries and provides common ground. According to a process model of emotion regulation, emotion may be regulated at five points in the emotion generative process: (a) selection of the situation, (b) modification of the situation, (c) deployment of attention, (d) change of cognitions, and (e) modulation of responses. The field of emotion regulation promises new insights into age-old questions about how people manage their emotions.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271",
    doi = "10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271",
    openalex = "W2096423181",
    references = "doi101001archneur196003840090124020, doi101016016230959090017z, doi101017cbo9780511620409040, doi1010370003066x468819, doi10103700223514484813, doi101207s15327965pli07011, doi1015159781503620766, doi1023072068914, openalexw1556033561"
}

@misc{crossref2001biomolecules,
    title = "Biomolecules",
    year = "2001",
    booktitle = "Computational Chemistry",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1002/0471220655.ch38",
    doi = "10.1002/0471220655.ch38",
    pages = "296-301"
}

@incollection{crossref2004biomolecules,
    title = "BIOMOLECULES",
    year = "2004",
    booktitle = "Bioanalytical Chemistry",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1142/9781860945922\_0001",
    doi = "10.1142/9781860945922\_0001",
    pages = "1-27"
}

@article{sharma2011emerging,
    author = "Sharma, Rakesh and Sharma, Avdhesh and Chen, Ching",
    title = "Emerging Trends of Nanotechnology towards Picotechnology: Energy and Biomolecules",
    year = "2011",
    journal = "Nature Precedings",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1038/npre.2010.4525",
    doi = "10.1038/npre.2010.4525",
    openalex = "W4243034872"
}

* Vorwort David Pines * The Concept of the Institute Murray Gell-Mann * Spin Glass Hamiltonians: A Bridge Between Biology, Statistical Mechanics and Computer Science P.W. Anderson * Macromolecular Evolution: Dynamical Ordering in Sequence Space Manfred Eigen * Evolutionary Theory of Genotypes and Phenotypes: Towards a Mathematical Synthesis Marcus W. Feldman * Prospects for a Synthesis in the Human Behavioral Sciences Irven DeVore * Emergence of Evolutionary Psychology John Tooby * War in Evolutionary Perspective Richard W. Wrangham * The Relationship of Modern Archeology to Other Disciplines Douglas Schwartz * Reconstructing the Past through Chemistry Antholy Turkevich * The Conscious and Uncounscious Stream of Thought Jerome L. Singer * Emerging Syntheses in Science: Conscious and Unconscious Processes Mardi J. Horowitz * Brain Mechanisms Unerlying Visual Hallucinations J.D. Cowan * Solitons in Biological Molecules Alwyn C. Scott * The New Biology and its Human Implications Theodore T. Puck * Biomolecules Hans Frauenfelder * Computing with Attractors: From Self-repairing Computers to Ultradiffusion, and the Application of Dynamical Systems to Human Behavior B.A. Huberman * Fundamental Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy Frank Wilczek * Complex Systems Theory Stephen Wolfram * Mathematics and the Sciences Felix E. Browder * Applications of Mathematics to Theoretical Computer Science Harvey Friedman * Linguistics and Computing M.P. Sch tzenberger * Dissipation, Information, Computational Complexity and the Definition of Organization Charles H. Bennett * Plans for the Future George A. Cowan

@book{doi1012019780429492594,
    author = "Pines, David",
    title = "Emerging Syntheses in Science",
    year = "2018",
    abstract = "* Foreword David Pines * The Concept of the Institute Murray Gell-Mann * Spin Glass Hamiltonians: A Bridge Between Biology, Statistical Mechanics and Computer Science P.W. Anderson * Macromolecular Evolution: Dynamical Ordering in Sequence Space Manfred Eigen * Evolutionary Theory of Genotypes and Phenotypes: Towards a Mathematical Synthesis Marcus W. Feldman * Prospects for a Synthesis in the Human Behavioral Sciences Irven DeVore * Emergence of Evolutionary Psychology John Tooby * War in Evolutionary Perspective Richard W. Wrangham * The Relationship of Modern Archeology to Other Disciplines Douglas Schwartz * Reconstructing the Past through Chemistry Antholy Turkevich * The Conscious and Uncounscious Stream of Thought Jerome L. Singer * Emerging Syntheses in Science: Conscious and Unconscious Processes Mardi J. Horowitz * Brain Mechanisms Unerlying Visual Hallucinations J.D. Cowan * Solitons in Biological Molecules Alwyn C. Scott * The New Biology and its Human Implications Theodore T. Puck * Biomolecules Hans Frauenfelder * Computing with Attractors: From Self-repairing Computers to Ultradiffusion, and the Application of Dynamical Systems to Human Behavior B.A. Huberman * Fundamental Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy Frank Wilczek * Complex Systems Theory Stephen Wolfram * Mathematics and the Sciences Felix E. Browder * Applications of Mathematics to Theoretical Computer Science Harvey Friedman * Linguistics and Computing M.P. Sch tzenberger * Dissipation, Information, Computational Complexity and the Definition of Organization Charles H. Bennett * Plans for the Future George A. Cowan",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429492594",
    doi = "10.1201/9780429492594",
    openalex = "W1596854881"
}

@book{pines2018emerging,
    author = "Pines, David",
    title = "Emerging Syntheses in Science",
    year = "2018",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429492594",
    doi = "10.1201/9780429492594",
    openalex = "W1596854881"
}

@article{khan2021demonstrating,
    author = "Khan, Irfan and Shahid, Abubaker",
    title = "Demonstrating peptide based nanoconstructs as emerging theranostic biomolecules",
    year = "2021",
    journal = "Nuclear Medicine and Biology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8051(21)00410-8",
    doi = "10.1016/s0969-8051(21)00410-8",
    openalex = "W3162298664",
    pages = "S87-S88",
    volume = "96-97"
}

@incollection{ahluwalia2024biomolecules,
    author = "Ahluwalia, V.K.",
    title = "Biomolecules",
    year = "2024",
    booktitle = "Biomolecules",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003494553-1",
    doi = "10.1201/9781003494553-1",
    pages = "1-6"
}

Die Verwendung aufkommender Technologien zur Konstruktion eines interaktiven wissenschaftlichen Feldes der Ästhetiktheorie von Li Zehou soll die Erforschung von Li Zehus ästhetischem Denken und die Entwicklung der zeitgenössischen chinesischen Ästhetik fördern. Basierend auf dem Inhalt und den Eigenschaften der Ästhetiktheorie von Li Zehou beschreibt der Beitrag die innovative Anwendung aufstrebender Technologien in der wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation, konstruiert das wissenschaftliche Feld der Ästhetiktheorie von Li Zehou auf der Grundlage von Bourdieus Feldtheorie und entwirft den Rahmen des interaktiven wissenschaftlichen Feldes durch die Kombination mit aufkommenden Technologien. Durch das interaktive wissenschaftliche Feld von Li Zehous Ästhetiktheorie wird ein Innovationsnetzwerkmodell in mehreren Ebenen aufgebaut und relevante quantitative Methoden für Netzwerkmessungen des interaktiven wissenschaftlichen Feldes bereitgestellt. Der Datensatz wird mit der relevanten Literatur zur Ästhetiktheorie von Li Zehou von 2005 bis 2022 als Suchziel erstellt, und die Netzwerkdichte, das zentrale Potenzial, die Clusterkoeffizienten und die Pfadlängen des interaktiven Feldes werden analysiert, wobei die Entwicklungsmerkmale des mehrschichtigen Feldnetzwerks untersucht werden. Die grenzüberschreitende Innovationsnetzwerkdichte des interaktiven Feldes von Li Zehous ästhetischem Denken schwankt um 0,092, nähert sich dem Mittelwert des zentralen Potenzials auf bis zu 65,76 %, und der durchschnittliche Clusterkoeffizient schwankt im Bereich von [0,25,0,35]. Das Kooperations-Subnetzwerk und das Technologiesubnetzwerk haben kürzere Pfade mit größeren Clusterkoeffizienten, was auf Small-World-Eigenschaften hinweist. Das interaktive wissenschaftliche Feld in Kombination mit aufkommenden Technologien kann die weite Verbreitung von Li Zehous ästhetischen Ideen fördern.

@article{doi102478amns20242851,
    author = "An, Bo",
    title = "Combining Li Zehou’s Aesthetic Theory and Emerging Technologies - Exploring the Construction of an Interactive Academic Field",
    year = "2024",
    journal = "Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences",
    abstract = "Abstract The use of emerging technologies to construct an interactive academic field of Li Zehou’s aesthetic theory aims to promote the study of Li Zehou’s aesthetic thought and the development of contemporary Chinese aesthetics. Based on the content and characteristics of Li Zehou’s aesthetics theory, the article describes the innovative application of emerging technology in academic communication, constructs the academic field of Li Zehou’s aesthetics theory on the basis of Bourdieu’s field theory, and designs the framework of the interactive academic field by combining with emerging technology. Relying on Li Zehou’s interactive academic field for the construction of a multi-layer innovation network model and providing relevant quantitative methods for interactive academic field network metrics. The dataset is constructed with the relevant literature of Li Zehou’s aesthetics theory from 2005 to 2022 as the search target, and the network density, central potential, clustering coefficients, and path lengths of the interactive field are analyzed, and the evolution characteristics of the multilayer field network are explored. The cross-border innovation multilayer network density of the interactive field of Li Zehou’s aesthetic thought fluctuates around 0.092, approaching the mean value of central potential up to 65.76\%, and the average clustering coefficient fluctuates in the range of [0.25,0.35]. The cooperative sub-network and the technology sub-network have smaller path lengths with larger clustering coefficients, indicating small-worldness. The interactive academic field combining emerging technologies can promote the widespread dissemination of Li Zehou’s aesthetic ideas.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2478/amns-2024-2851",
    doi = "10.2478/amns-2024-2851",
    openalex = "W4403170846",
    references = "doi1031033ijrasb562"
}

Therapeutische Biomoleküle werden häufig zur Behandlung verschiedener Erkrankungen eingesetzt, doch ihre klinische Wirksamkeit ist oft durch kurze in vivo-Halbwertszeiten begrenzt, was auf schnelle renale Filtration, proteolytischen Abbau und immunologische Elimination zurückzuführen ist. Kurze Halbwertszeiten führen zu häufigen Dosierungen, Schwankungen der Blutspiegelkonzentration und steigenden Behandlungskosten, wodurch die klinische Wirksamkeit stark eingeschränkt wird. Um diese Herausforderungen zu bewältigen, wurden verschiedene Strategien zur Verlängerung der Halbwertszeit entwickelt, darunter chemische Konjugation (z. B. PEGylierung), physische Freisetzungssysteme (z. B. Mikrosphären) sowie genetische/Fusionsansätze. Dieser Überblick bietet eine umfassende narrative Analyse molekularer Engineering-Methoden und diskutiert die rationale Gestaltung, um das Wirkstoffmolekül selbst direkt zu optimieren oder mit langwirkenden Trägern zu koppeln, um seine Zirkulationszeit deutlich zu verlängern. Eine systematische Gegenüberstellung mehrerer Ansätze wird vorgestellt, um eine rationale Strategieauswahl zu unterstützen. Durch die Synthese des aktuellen Wissensstands und jüngster Fortschritte dient dieser Überblick als praktische Ressource für Forschende und Wirkstoffentwickler bei der Navigation von Technologien zur Halbwertszeitverlängerung.

@article{doi103389fphar2026178569,
    author = "Wang, Yuli and Chang, Junliang and Liu, Jinghui",
    title = "Molecular engineering approaches to half-life extension of therapeutic biomolecules.",
    year = "2026",
    journal = "Frontiers in pharmacology",
    abstract = "Therapeutic biomolecules are widely used to treat various diseases, but their clinical efficacy is often limited by short in vivo half-lives due to rapid renal filtration, proteolytic degradation, and immune clearance. Short half-life leads to frequent dosing, fluctuation in blood drug concentration, and increased treatment costs, severely limiting clinical efficacy. To address these challenges, various half-life extension strategies have been developed, including chemical conjugation (e.g., PEGylation), physical delivery systems (e.g., microspheres), and genetic/fusion approaches. This review provides a comprehensive narrative analysis of molecular engineering methods, discussing the rational design to directly optimize the drug molecule itself or fuse it with long-acting carriers to significantly extend its circulation time. A systematic comparison of several approaches is presented to guide rational strategy selection. By synthesizing current knowledge and recent advances, this review serves as a practical resource for researchers and drug developers navigating half-life extension technologies.",
    url = "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13106320/",
    doi = "10.3389/fphar.2026.1778569",
    pmcid = "PMC13106320",
    pmid = "42038289"
}