Christianity

La idea de que el cristianismo comenzó como un movimiento clandestino entre los pobres es una noción ampliamente aceptada. Sin embargo, es uno de los muchos mitos que deben descartarse si queremos comprender cómo un pequeño movimiento mesiánico en la frontera del Imperio romano se convirtió en la fe dominante de la civilización occidental. En un libro de ritmo ágil y muy legible que aborda tanto creencias como hechos históricos, Rodney Stark aporta una perspectiva de sociólogo al enigma detrás del éxito del cristianismo temprano. Lo hace no solo con la lógica y los métodos de las ciencias sociales, sino también con conocimientos obtenidos de primera mano sobre por qué las personas se convierten y cómo los nuevos grupos religiosos reclutan miembros. Profundiza en la evidencia histórica sobre muchos temas, como el trasfondo social de los conversos, la misión a los judíos, la situación de las mujeres en la iglesia, el papel del martirio, para ofrecer una narración vívida y no convencional del cristianismo temprano.

@book{doi1015159780691214290,
    author = "Stark, Rodney",
    title = "The Rise of Christianity A Sociologist Reconsiders History",
    abstract = "The idea that Christianity started as a clandestine movement among the poor is a widely accepted notion. Yet it is one of many myths that must be discarded if we are to understand just how a tiny messianic movement on the edge of the Roman Empire became the dominant faith of Western civilization. In a fast-paced, highly readable book that addresses beliefs as well as historical facts, Rodney Stark brings a sociologist's perspective to bear on the puzzle behind the success of early Christianity. He comes equipped not only with the logic and methods of social science but also with insights gathered firsthand into why people convert and how new religious groups recruit members. He digs deep into the historical evidence on many issues--such as the social background of converts, the mission to the Jews, the status of women in the church, the role of martyrdom--to provide a vivid and unconventional account of early Christianity.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691214290",
    doi = "10.1515/9780691214290",
    openalex = "W4236627346"
}

@misc{hopkins1876the4,
    author = "Hopkins, M",
    title = "The Evidences of Christianity",
    year = "1876",
    howpublished = "Boston, Mass. [1846]",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hopkins, M., 1876, The Evidences of Christianity: Boston, Mass. [1846].}"
}

@misc{orr191019157,
    author = "Orr, J",
    title = "-1915, Science and the Christian Faith, in The Fundamentals",
    year = "1910",
    howpublished = "A Testimony to the Truth: Chicago, Ill., p. 91-104",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Orr, J., 1910-1915, Science and the Christian Faith, in The Fundamentals: A Testimony to the Truth: Chicago, Ill., p. 91-104.}"
}

@article{na1923evolution,
    author = "\\&NA;, \\&NA;",
    title = "Evolution and Christian Faith",
    year = "1923",
    journal = "Southern Medical Journal",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-192305000-00031",
    doi = "10.1097/00007611-192305000-00031",
    number = "5",
    pages = "406",
    volume = "16"
}

@book{raven1928the10,
    author = "Raven, C. E",
    title = "The Creator Spirit; A Survey of Christian Doctrine in the Light of Biology, Psychology and Mysticism",
    year = "1928",
    publisher = "Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 310 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Raven, C. E., 1928, The Creator Spirit; A Survey of Christian Doctrine in the Light of Biology, Psychology and Mysticism: Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 310 p.}"
}

@misc{ramm1954the9,
    author = "Ramm, B",
    title = "The Christian View of Science and Scripture",
    year = "1954",
    howpublished = "Grand Rapids, Mi., Wm. B. Erdmans Publishing Co., 255 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Ramm, B., 1954, The Christian View of Science and Scripture: Grand Rapids, Mi., Wm. B. Erdmans Publishing Co., 255 p.}"
}

@misc{hepburn1958christianity3,
    author = "Hepburn, R. W",
    title = "Christianity and Paradox",
    year = "1958",
    howpublished = "London, Watts",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Hepburn, R. W., 1958, Christianity and Paradox: London, Watts.}"
}

@misc{gilkey1959maker2,
    author = "Gilkey, L. B",
    title = "Maker of Heaven and Earth; a Study of the Christian Doctrine of Creation [1st ed.]",
    year = "1959",
    howpublished = "Garden City, New Jersey, Doubleday, 311 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Gilkey, L. B., 1959, Maker of Heaven and Earth; a Study of the Christian Doctrine of Creation [1st ed.]: Garden City, New Jersey, Doubleday, 311 p.}"
}

@book{overman1967evolution8,
    author = "Overman, R. H",
    title = "Evolution and the Christian Doctrine of Creation; a Whiteheadian Interpretation",
    year = "1967",
    publisher = "Philadelphia, Pa., Westminster Press, 301 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Overman, R. H., 1967, Evolution and the Christian Doctrine of Creation; a Whiteheadian Interpretation: Philadelphia, Pa., Westminster Press, 301 p.}"
}

@article{peden1968book,
    author = "Peden, W. Creighton",
    title = "Book Review: Evolution and the Christian Doctrine of Creation",
    year = "1968",
    journal = "Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1177/002096436802200316",
    doi = "10.1177/002096436802200316",
    number = "3",
    pages = "358-359",
    volume = "22"
}

@misc{davidheiser1979evolution1,
    author = "Davidheiser, B",
    title = "Evolution and Christian Faith",
    year = "1979",
    howpublished = "Grand Rapids, Mi., Baker Book House",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Davidheiser, B., 1979, Evolution and Christian Faith: Grand Rapids, Mi., Baker Book House.}"
}

@article{doi1023071858551,
    author = "Scholz, Bernhard W. and Brown, Peter",
    title = "The Cult of the Saints: Its Rise and Function in Latin Christianity",
    year = "1981",
    journal = "The American Historical Review",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/1858551",
    doi = "10.2307/1858551",
    openalex = "W3166743603"
}

Ilustraciones Abreviaturas Prólogo 1: Introducción 2: Definiciones 3: Roma: los cimientos 4: Las Escrituras 5: Cristianos y cambio social 6: Tradiciones teológicas 7: La Alta Edad Media 8: El renacimiento urbano 9: El triunfo de Ganimedes: literatura gay de la Alta Edad Media 10: Cambio social: crear enemigos 11: Cambio intelectual: hombres, bestias y naturaleza 12: Conclusiones Apéndice 1: Lexicografía y san Pablo Apéndice 2: Textos y traducciones Obras citadas con frecuencia Índice de términos griegos Índice general

@book{doi107208chicago97802260671480010001,
    author = "Boswell, John",
    title = "Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality",
    year = "1981",
    abstract = "Illustrations Abbreviations Preface 1: Introduction 2: Definitions 3: Rome: The Foundation 4: The Scriptures 5: Christians and Social Change 6: Theological Traditions 7: The Early Middle Ages 8: The Urban Revival 9: The Triumph of Ganymede: Gay Literature of the High Middle Ages 10: Social Change: Making Enemies 11: Intellectual Change: Men, Beasts, and Nature 12: Conclusions App. 1: Lexicography and Saint Paul App. 2: Texts and Translations Frequently Cited Works Index of Greek Terms General Index",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226067148.001.0001",
    doi = "10.7208/chicago/9780226067148.001.0001",
    openalex = "W2099067945"
}

@misc{schaeffer1982a11,
    author = "Schaeffer, F. A",
    title = "A Christian Manifesto [Revised ed.]",
    year = "1982",
    howpublished = "Westchester, Ill., Crossway Books",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Schaeffer, F. A., 1982, A Christian Manifesto [Revised ed.]: Westchester, Ill., Crossway Books.}"
}

@misc{young1982christianity12,
    author = "Young, D. A",
    title = "Christianity and the Age of the Earth",
    year = "1982",
    howpublished = "Grand Rapids, Michigan, Zondervan",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Young, D. A., 1982, Christianity and the Age of the Earth: Grand Rapids, Michigan, Zondervan.}"
}

@book{livingstone1987darwins5,
    author = "Livingstone, D. N",
    title = "Darwin's Forgotten Defenders",
    year = "1987",
    publisher = "The Encounter Between Evangelical Theology and Evolutionary Thought: Scottish Academic Press: Edinburgh, Scotland, W.B. Erdmans: Grand Rapids, Michigan, 210 p",
    note = "talkorigins\_source = {true}; raw\_reference = {Livingstone, D. N., 1987, Darwin's Forgotten Defenders: The Encounter Between Evangelical Theology and Evolutionary Thought: Scottish Academic Press: Edinburgh, Scotland, W.B. Erdmans: Grand Rapids, Michigan, 210 p.}"
}

@incollection{doi1015259780520915503,
    author = "Cameron, Averil",
    title = "Christianity and the Rhetoric of Empire",
    year = "1991",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520915503",
    doi = "10.1525/9780520915503",
    openalex = "W4254424131"
}

La ciencia ha demostrado que el universo se crea a sí mismo a través de su propia historia. Esta historia es el resultado de un proceso probabilístico, no de la ejecución determinista de un plan. La ciencia también ha documentado que los seres humanos son el resultado de este proceso universal y probabilístico de evolución general. A primera vista, estos resultados parecen contradecir la enseñanza cristiana. Según la Biblia, la historia es esencialmente la historia de la salvación. Por tanto, los seres humanos no son un “accidente de la naturaleza”, sino creaciones especiales que deben ser salvadas. Sin embargo, con una reflexión teológica más profunda, se vuelve más claro que la creación debe crearse a sí misma. El Dios cristiano es el Dios amoroso que entra en una relación de amor con los seres humanos si desean corresponder. Si la creación no pudiera crearse a sí misma, los seres humanos no podrían ser libres. Sin la libertad para ignorar o rechazar el amor de Dios, el acto central del Dios cristiano, el drama de la salvación se convertiría en una parodia interpretada por marionetas en manos de un manipulador sobrenatural. Los cristianos deben acoger el hallazgo fundamental que la ciencia ha puesto de relieve: que el universo, incluidos los seres humanos, se creó a sí mismo a través de su propia historia. Este artículo intentará mostrar que esta exigencia científica es necesaria y confirmada por el carácter intrínseco del concepto ortodoxo judeocristiano de Dios. Que la naturaleza deba crearse a sí misma, incluyendo a los seres humanos, asegura la libertad humana y con ella la responsabilidad de las acciones humanas. Desde esta perspectiva se puede comprender mejor la Biblia a la luz de la revelación de Dios a través del libro de la naturaleza.

@article{brun1994integrating,
    author = "Brun, Rudolf B.",
    title = "INTEGRATING EVOLUTION: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE OF CREATION",
    year = "1994",
    journal = "Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science",
    abstract = "Science has demonstrated that the universe creates itself through its own history. This history is the result of a probabilistic process, not a deterministic execution of a plan. Science has also documented that human beings are a result of this universal, probabilistic process of general evolution. At first sight, these results seem to contradict Christian teaching. According to the Bible, history is essentially the history of salvation. Human beings therefore are not an “accident of nature” but special creations to be saved. With deeper theological probing, it becomes clearer, however, that creation must create itself. The Christian God is the loving God who enters into a loving relationship with human beings if they desire to reciprocate. If creation could not create itself, human beings could not be free. Without freedom to ignore or reject God's love, the central act of the Christian God, the drama of salvation, would become a parody played by marionettes in the hands of a supernatural manipulator. Christians should welcome the fundamental insight brought forth by science that the universe, including human beings, created itself through its own history. This article will try to show that this scientific insistence is required and confirmed by the intrinsic character of the orthodox, Judeo‐Christian concept of God. That nature has to create itself, including human beings, secures human freedom and with it, the responsibility for human actions. From this perspective one might better understand the Bible in the light of God's revelation through the book of nature.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.1994.tb00667.x",
    doi = "10.1111/j.1467-9744.1994.tb00667.x",
    number = "3",
    volume = "29"
}

Parte 1 Genealogías: la construcción de la religión como categoría antropológica hacia una genealogía del concepto de ritual. Parte 2 Arcaísmos: dolor y verdad en el ritual cristiano medieval sobre disciplina y humildad en el monacato cristiano medieval. Parte 3 Traducciones: el concepto de traducción cultural en la antropología social británica, los límites de la crítica religiosa en Oriente Medio. Parte 4 Polémicas: multiculturalismo e identidad británica tras el caso Rushdie: etnografía, literatura y política - algunas lecturas y usos de Satanic Verses de Salman Rushdie.

@article{doi1023072074333,
    author = "Riesebrodt, Martin and Asad, Talal",
    title = "Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam.",
    year = "1994",
    journal = "Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews",
    abstract = "Part 1 Genealogies: the construction of religion as an anthropological category toward a genealogy of the concept of ritual. Part 2 Archaisms: pain and truth in medieval Christian ritual on discipline and humility in medieval Christian monasticism. Part 3 Translations: the concept of cultural translation in British social anthropology the limits of religious criticism in the Middle East. Part 4 Polemics: multiculturalism and British identity in the wake of the Rushdie affair ethnography, literature and politics - some readings and uses of Salmon Rushdie's Satanic Verses.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/2074333",
    doi = "10.2307/2074333",
    openalex = "W2074007437"
}

Este libro de 2000 analiza el resurgimiento del cristianismo protestante carismático como un ejemplo de globalización. Simon Coleman muestra que, junto con muchos movimientos sociales, estos conservadores religiosos están negociando sus propias interpretaciones de los procesos globales y posmodernos. Están construyendo una arena evangélica de acción y significado dentro del espacio liminal y caótico de lo global. El libro examina la globalización no solo como un proceso social, sino también como una práctica encarnada que involucra formas de lenguaje y movimiento ritualizado. El cristianismo carismático se presenta a través de su cultura material —arte, arquitectura y productos de consumo— así como de su retórica y teología. El libro ofrece un relato de la incorporación de medios electrónicos como televisión, vídeos e Internet en el culto cristiano. Los problemas relacionados con la conducción del trabajo de campo en contextos de globalización se plantean en un relato que también es una gran etnografía de un ministerio de fe.

@book{doi101017cbo9780511488221,
    author = "Coleman, Simon",
    title = "The Globalisation of Charismatic Christianity",
    year = "2000",
    booktitle = "Cambridge University Press eBooks",
    abstract = "This 2000 book analyses the revival of charismatic Protestant Christianity as an example of globalization. Simon Coleman shows that, along with many social movements, these religious conservatives are negotiating their own interpretations of global and postmodern processes. They are constructing an evangelical arena of action and meaning within the liminal, chaotic space of the global. The book examines globalization not only as a social process, but also as an embodied practice involving forms of language and ritualized movement. Charismatic Christianity is presented through its material culture - art, architecture and consumer products - as well as its rhetoric and theology. The book provides an account of the incorporation of electronic media such as television, videos and the Internet into Christian worship. Issues relating to the conduct of fieldwork in contexts of globalization are raised in an account which is also a major ethnography of a Faith ministry.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511488221",
    doi = "10.1017/cbo9780511488221",
    openalex = "W1479919794"
}

@article{lehnhof2001deity,
    author = "Lehnhof, Kent R.",
    title = "Deity and Creation in the Christian Doctrine",
    year = "2001",
    journal = "Milton Quarterly",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/1094-348x.00022",
    doi = "10.1111/1094-348x.00022",
    number = "4",
    pages = "232-244",
    volume = "35"
}

Agradecimientos Lista de tablas Prólogo Mapas Capítulo 1: La revolución cristiana Capítulo 2: Discipulos de todas las naciones Capítulo 3: Misioneros y profetas Capítulo 4: Sosteniéndose solos Capítulo 5: El surgimiento del nuevo cristianismo Capítulo 6: Llegar a un acuerdo Capítulo 7: Dios y el mundo Capítulo 8: La próxima cruzada Capítulo 9: Regresar a casa Capítulo 10: Ver el cristianismo de nuevo por primera vez Índice

@article{doi105860choice405174,
    title = "The next Christendom: the coming of global Christianity",
    year = "2003",
    journal = "Choice Reviews Online",
    abstract = "Acknowledgments List of Tables Preface Maps Chapter One: The Christian Revolution Chapter Two: Disciples of All Nations Chapter Three: Missionaries and Prophets Chapter Four: Standing Alone Chapter Five: The Rise of the New Christianity Chapter Six: Coming to Terms Chapter Seven: God and the World Chapter Eight: The Next Crusade Chapter Nine: Coming Home Chapter Ten: Seeing Christianity Again for the First Time Index",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.40-5174",
    doi = "10.5860/choice.40-5174",
    openalex = "W2254547374"
}

Resumen: El cristianismo pentecostal-carismático (P/c), la forma de cristianismo en la que los creyentes reciben los dones del Espíritu Santo, se está expandiendo rápidamente y puede considerarse uno de los grandes casos de éxito de la era actual de globalización cultural. La literatura sobre P/c presenta una imagen paradójica de la dinámica cultural que acompaña su expansión. Muchos académicos sostienen que P/c logra replicarse de forma marcada y canónica en todas partes donde se expande, mientras que otros enfatizan su capacidad de adaptarse a las culturas en las que se introduce. Por ello, los autores usan P/c para respaldar tanto teorías que entienden la globalización como un proceso de homogeneización occidentalizante como aquellas que la conciben como un proceso de diferenciación indigena. Esta revisión argumenta que los enfoques a la globalización de P/c deben reconocer que P/c posee rasgos culturales que le permiten, en la mayoría de los casos, operar de ambas maneras a la vez. Tras considerar cuestiones definicionales e históricas y explicaciones de la expansión de P/c, la revisión examina cómo la cultura de P/c, al mismo tiempo, conserva su distintividad respecto de las culturas con las que entra en contacto y se relaciona con ellas en sus propios términos. También se analizan las concepciones que permiten a P/c establecer instituciones gestionadas localmente y sostenidas por la comunidad en una amplia gama de entornos. Una sección final considera la naturaleza de la cultura que introduce P/c bajo su forma homogeneizadora, examinando la relación de esa cultura con la modernidad y sus efectos sobre las ideas de los conversos sobre género, política y economía.

@article{doi101146annurevanthro32061002093421,
    author = "Robbins, Joel",
    title = "The Globalization of Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity",
    year = "2004",
    journal = "Annual Review of Anthropology",
    abstract = "▪ Abstract Pentecostal-charismatic Christianity (P/c), the form of Christianity in which believers receive the gifts of the Holy Spirit, is rapidly spreading and can be counted as one of the great success stories of the current era of cultural globalization. Literature on P/c presents a paradoxical picture of the cultural dynamics accompanying its spread. Many scholars argue that P/c is markedly successful in replicating itself in canonical form everywhere it spreads, whereas others stress its ability to adapt itself to the cultures into which it is introduced. Authors thus use P/c to support both theories that construe globalization as a process of Westernizing homogenization and those that understand it as a process of indigenizing differentiation. This review argues that approaches to P/c globalization need to recognize that P/c posesses cultural features that allow it, in most cases, to work in both ways at once. After considering definitional and historical issues and explanations for P/c's spread, the review examines how P/c culture at once preserves its distinctness from the cultures into which it comes into contact and engages those cultures on their own terms. Also discussed are the conceptions that allow P/c to establish locally run and supported institutions in a wide range of settings. A final section considers the nature of the culture P/c, in its homogenizing guise, introduces, examining that culture's relation to modernity and its effects on converts' ideas about gender, politics, and economics.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.32.061002.093421",
    doi = "10.1146/annurev.anthro.32.061002.093421",
    openalex = "W2113321822",
    references = "doi101017cbo9780511488221, doi101525can2001162202, doi1023072019397, doi1023072076072, doi1023072504519, doi1023072579546, doi1041599780674036796, doi1043249780203759240, doi1043249780203995808, doi105860choice405174, doi107208chicago97802261609860010001, isaacson1997exporting, openalexw1519029408"
}

Resumen: No es un accidente que la democracia surgiera primero dentro del ámbito del cristianismo occidental o latino. Al mirar al cristianismo y a la democracia en el mundo hoy, se observa que la Iglesia Católica Romana ha abandonado su postura de oposición, o en el mejor de los casos una aceptación a regañadientes, a la democracia y de hecho se ha convertido en defensora de los derechos humanos y del gobierno por consentimiento. Los protestantes también afirman la democracia, y el mundo de la ortodoxia, aunque ambivalente, se inclina en una dirección que en esencia acepta la democracia. En sus actitudes frente a la política y la esfera pública, al menos, todas las confesiones que abrazan la democracia también tienden a experimentar cierta “protestantización”.

@article{doi101353jod20040022,
    author = "Berger, Peter L.",
    title = "Christianity and Democracy: The Global Picture",
    year = "2004",
    journal = "Journal of democracy",
    abstract = "Abstract: It is no accident that democracy first arose within the ambit of Western or Latin Christianity. Looking at Christianity and democracy around the world today, one sees that the Roman Catholic Church has shed its stance of opposition, or at best grudging accommodation, to democracy and in fact become a defender of human rights and government by consent. Protestants affirm democracy as well, and the world of Orthodoxy, while ambivalent, is leaning in a direction that essentially accepts democracy. In their attitudes toward politics and the public sphere at least, all faiths that embrace democracy also tend to undergo a certain “Protestantization.”",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2004.0022",
    doi = "10.1353/jod.2004.0022",
    openalex = "W2043017963"
}

@article{doi101525aa20051072276,
    author = "Lambek, Michael",
    title = "Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity",
    year = "2005",
    journal = "American Anthropologist",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2005.107.2.276",
    doi = "10.1525/aa.2005.107.2.276",
    openalex = "W1991771658"
}

@incollection{crossref2007faith,
    title = "Faith, creation, and evolution",
    year = "2007",
    booktitle = "Human Evolution and Christian Ethics",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511550935.006",
    doi = "10.1017/cbo9780511550935.006",
    pages = "76-110"
}

@article{rakoczy2013christian,
    author = "Rakoczy, Susan",
    title = "Christian Faith and the Earth Conference",
    year = "2013",
    journal = "The Ecumenical Review",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1111/erev.12033",
    doi = "10.1111/erev.12033",
    number = "1",
    pages = "160-167",
    volume = "65"
}

El capítulo 11 ofrece una exposición del trabajo principal de Strauß sobre teología cristiana, su Die christliche Glaubenslehre de 1840. Esta obra fue una crítica de la dogmática cristiana y, por ello, trató un asunto más amplio que la fiabilidad histórica del Nuevo Testamento. Pero la obra estuvo marcada por una profunda ambivalencia: el trabajo de Strauß pretendía ser un compendio y, por tanto, debía proporcionar al estudiante una introducción a la dogmática cristiana; sin embargo, Strauß también albergaba profundas reservas personales sobre el cristianismo que reaparecen en el texto. La obra contiene una crítica severa de las creencias cristianas en milagros, inmortalidad, trinidad e encarnación; pero también ofrece una demostración de la existencia de Dios. Aunque Strauß ahora se distancia de Hegel, todavía no lo rechaza por completo.

@incollection{beiser2020the,
    author = "Beiser, Frederick C.",
    title = "The Doctrine of the Christian Faith",
    year = "2020",
    booktitle = "David Friedrich Strauß, Father of Unbelief",
    abstract = "Chapter 11 provides an account of Strauß’s main work on Christian theology, his 1840 Die christliche Glaubenslehre. This work was Strauß’s critique of Christian dogma and therefore concerned more than the historical reliability of the New Testament. But the work was marred by a deep ambivalence: Strauβ’s work was meant as a compendium and therefore needed to provide the student with an introduction to Christian dogma; but Strauß also had deep personal reservations about Christianity which resurface in the text. The work contains a severe critique of the Christian beliefs in miracles, immortality, the trinity, and incarnation; but it also provides a demonstration of the existence of God. Though Strauß now distances himself from Hegel, he still does not completely disavow him.",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859857.003.0012",
    doi = "10.1093/oso/9780198859857.003.0012",
    pages = "147-179"
}

@incollection{crossref2020the,
    title = "THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE OF CREATION:",
    year = "2020",
    booktitle = "Jesus Is Risen! Volume 2",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvzcz4cr.11",
    doi = "10.2307/j.ctvzcz4cr.11",
    pages = "163-178"
}

@misc{crossref2023christian,
    title = "Christian Creation Faith: Aquinas and Schillebeeckx",
    year = "2023",
    booktitle = "Concentrated Creation",
    url = "https://doi.org/10.5040/9780567708915.ch-001",
    doi = "10.5040/9780567708915.ch-001",
    pages = "13-42"
}